PARTEA A IV-A

1
$/,0(17$ ,$$1,0$/(/25'20(67,&(

CUPRINS:
7HKQLFDDOF WXLULLUD LLORUDQLPDOHORUGRPHVWLFH

4.2. Determinarea gradului de convertibilitate a furajelor

$SUHFLHUHDYDORULLQXWULWLYHDQXWUH XULORU

4.4. Determinarea necesarului GHVXEVWDQ HQXWULWLYHSHQWUXKU QLUHDWDXULQHORU

0HWRGHúLWHKQLFLGHSUHSDUDUHúLGHSR]LWDUHDQXWUH XULORU

2%,(&7,9(850 5,7(

¾ IDPLOLDUL]DUHD FX QR LXQLOH GH ³QRUP ´ úL ³UD LH´ SUHFXP úL FX FRQGL LLOH SH FDUH DFHDVWD

WUHEXLHV OHvQGHSOLQHDVF DVWIHOF DQLPDOHOHV QXVXIHUHFLV GHDSURGXF LHLPDUL

¾ FXQRDúWHUHDPRGDOLW LORUGHGHWHUPLQDUHDJUDGXOXLGHFRQYHUWLELOLWDWHDQXWUH XULORU

¾ GHWHUPLQDUHD YDORULL QXWULWLYH D IXUDMHORU úL QHFHVDUXO GH VXEVWDQ H QXWULWLYH SHQWUX KU QLUHD

animalelor;
¾ FXQRDúWHUHD PHWRGHORU GH SUHSDUDUH D QXWUH XULORU vQ FRQGL LL JRVSRG UHúWL úL LQGXVWULDOH

SUHFXPúLGXS UHFRQGL LRQDUHDORUvQYHGHUHDUHFXSHU ULLGXS IHQRPHQHQHGRULWH

¾ HYDOXDUHD FDQWLWDWLY  D QXWUH XULORU GLQ GHSR]LWH SH ED]D P VXU WRULORU PDVHL VSHFLILFH úL

timpul de depozitare;
¾ FXQRDúWHUHDXQRUPDúLQLúL LQVWDOD LLIRORVLWHSHQWUXWUDQVSRUWXOIXUDMHORUúLSUHSDUDUHDKUDQHL

vQ³EXF W ULDIXUDMHU ´

CUVINTE CHEIE: QRUP  UD LH SURWHLQ  EUXW  FRQYHUWLELOLWDWHD IXUDMHORU 81 QXWUH XUL

concentrate,QXWUH XULFRPELQDWH390

REZUMAT:
,PSRUWDQ DDOLPHQWD LHLvQFUHúWHUHDDQLPDOHORUvPEUDF XUP WRDUHOHDVSHFWH

ƒ LQIOXHQ HD] GLUHFWDVXSUDIXQF LHLGHUHSURGXF LHDDQLPDOHORU

ƒ IDYRUL]HD]  FUHúWHUHD úL GH]YROWDUHD RUJDQLVPHORU UHDOL]kQG SUHFRFLWDWHD lor, dar în anumite
OLPLWHSRDWHILGLULMDW FUHúWHUHDWLQHUHWXOXLvQGLUHF LDGRULW 

ƒ LQIOXHQ HD] GLUHFWDVXSUDPHQ LQHULLDQLPDOHORUVSRULQGX OHUH]LVWHQ DODEROLúLLQWHPSHULL

-
ƒ KUDQDHVWHIDFWRUGHLQIOXHQ DOSURGXF LHLDQLPDOHVXEDVSHFWFDQWLWDWLYúLFDOLWDWLY

ƒ GHWHUPLQ vQPDUHP VXU SUH XOGHFRVWDOSURGXVHORUúLSURGXFWLYLWDWHDDQLPDOHORU

3ULQFLSLLOHKU QLULLUD LRQDOHLPSOLF FXQRDúWHUHDSUREOHPHORUGHED] 

ƒ PHWRGHOH GH VWDELOLUHD YDORULL QXWULWLYH DIXUDMHORU úL UD LLORU IDFWRULL GHLQIOXHQ  úL XQLW LOH

GHP VXU DYDORULLQXWULWLYH

ƒ UHVXUVHOHIXUDMHUHúLFDUDFWHULVWLFLOHQXWULWLYHDOHDFHVWRUD

ƒ QHFHVDUXOGHKUDQ ODDQLPDOHGLIHUHQ LDWSHVSHFLHUDV FDWHJRULHGHYkUVW VWDUHIL]LRORJLF 

úLIRUP GHSURGXF LH

1
La aFHDVW WHP DFRODERUDWGULQJ6LOYLDùWHIDQ
 Lucrarea nr. 4.1
7(+1,&$$/& 78,5,,5$ ,,/25

ANIMALELOR DOMESTICE2

Prin QRUP  VH vQ HOHJH FDQWLWDWHD GH VXEVWDQ H QXWULWLYH QHFHVDUH XQXL DQLPDO SH WLPS GH

GHRUHSHQWUXDVLJXUDUHDIXQF LLORUYLWDOHúLSHQWUXRE LQHUHDGLIHULWHORUSURGXF LL

Prin UD L e VH vQ HOHJH FDQWLWDWHD GH IXUDMH DGPLQLVWUDWH XQXL DQLPDO WLPS GH  GH RUH

SHQWUXDVLJXUDUHDIXQF LLORUYLWDOHúLRE LQHUHDSURGXF LLORUXUP ULWH

&RQGL LLOHSHFDUHWUHEXLHV OHvQGHSOLQHDVF RUD LHVXQW

1. V  ILH FRPSOHW  V  FXSULQG  WR L SULQFLSLL QXWULWLYL QHFHVDUL VXEVWDQ HOH QXWULWLYH FRQ LQXWH

WUHEXLHV VDWLVIDF QHFHVDUXOSUHY ]XWGHQRUPH

Se are în vedere raportul nutritiv sau proteic:

PD
RN = ,
0,6 × UN − PD
în care:
RN = raportul nutritiv sau proteic;
PD SURWHLQ GLJHVWLELO GLQUD LHJ

UN XQLW LOHQXWULWLYHRY ]GLQUD LH

0,6 = coeficient.

51DUHXUP WRDUHOHYDORUL

ƒ ODWLQHUHWXODQLPDOúLODUHSURGXF WRUL  – 1/5;

ƒ ODDQLPDOHOHSHQWUXvQJU úDUHVDXGHPXQF  – 1/10;
ƒ la vacile de lapte = 1/5 – 1/7,5.
Raportul calciu - IRVIRU HVWH FXSULQV vQWUH  úL  vQ IXQF LH GH VSHFLH úL FDWHJRULH GH
YkUVW ODJ LQLOHRX WRDUH- 2,50 la 1).

5D LDWUHEXLHV PDLFRQ LQ V UXULPLQHUDOHúLYLWDPLQH

2. V DLE YROXPXOúLFRQVLVWHQ DQHFHVDU FUH ULLVHQ]D LHLGHV WXO9ROXPXOUD LHLVHVWDELOHúWH

vQIXQF LHGHFDWHJRULDGHYkUVW VSHFLHLDUvQFDGUXODFHVWRUDGHSDUWLFXODULW LOHWXEXOXLGLJHVWLY

SURGXF LDSHFDUHRGDXDQLPDOHOHVWDUHDIL]LRORJLF HWF

De exemplu YROXPXO WUHEXLH V  ILH PDL PLF OD DQLPDOHOH monogastrice, animalele de
UHSURGXF LH vQ VSHFLDO OD PDVFXOL úL OD DQLPDOHOH GH PXQF  9ROXPXO UD LHL VH H[SULP  SULQ

FDQWLWDWHD WRWDO  GH IXUDMH LQJHUDW  VXEVWDQ D XVFDW  WRWDO  VDX PDL IUHFYHQW VXEVWDQ D XVFDW  

100kg greutate vie;

3. V ILHJXVWRDV ;
4. V ILHV Q WRDV DGLF V QXFRQ LQ QXWUH XULDOWHUDWHWR[LFHVDXY W P WRDUH
5. V ILHHFRQRPLF VHUHDOL]HD] SULQIRORVLUHDQXWUH XULORUSURGXVHGLUHFWvQXQLWDWHDUHVSHFWLY 

VDXvQDSURSLHUHFkWúLSULQFRQVXPPLFGHFRQFHQWUDWH

CheltuiHOLOH PDUL SHQWUX IXUDMH LQIOXHQ HD]  SUH XO GH FRVW DO SURGXVHORU DQLPDOH

P ULQGX OIDSWFDUHGHWHUPLQ
- RFUHúWHUHQHDYDQWDMRDV DSUH XOXLDQLPDOHORU

(WDSHOHDOF WXLULLXQHLUD LLsunt:

1. stabilirea necesarului de SN (pe baza tabelelor în vigoare, dXS  JUHXWDWHD FRUSRUDO  úL GXS 

SURGXF LHDVWIHO

ƒ QHFHVDUXOHQHUJHWLF81761'HQHUJLHPHWDEROL]DELO 

ƒ necesarul proteic, exprimat în PD (g) sau PB (%),

ƒ QHFHVDUXOGHV UXULPLQHUDOH&D31D&OHWF

ƒ necesarul de vitamine (caroten, vitamina D, complex B etc.);

2. stabilirea listei de furaje vQ IXQF LH GH VSHFLH FDWHJRULH GH DQLPDOH úL IXUDMHOH H[LVWHQWH vQ
XQLWDWHVSHFLILFXOJRVSRG ULHL

2
= YRL,úLFRODE
3. calcularea propriu-]LV DUD LHLVWDELOLUHDIXUDMHORUúLDFDQWLW LORUGHDGPLQLVWUDWvQIXQF LHGH
posibLOLW LOH GH FRQVXP DOH DQLPDOXOXL OHJDW  GH SDUWLFXODULW LOH WXEXOXL GLJHVWLY úL GH IXUDMHOH
H[LVWHQWH 6H FDOFXOHD]  YDORDUHD QXWULWLY  D IXUDMHORU H[LVWHQWH vQ UD LH SH ED]D FRQ LQXWXOXL vQ

principii nutritivi), folosindu-se tabelele cu furajele (se WDWRQHD]  DVXSUD FDQWLW LORU LQWURGXVH

SkQ VHRE LQHRUD LHHFKLOLEUDW FDUHV FRUHVSXQG QHFHVDUXOXLIL[DW

2UGLQHD LQWURGXFHULL IXUDMHORU vQ UD LH GH RELFHL HVWH ILEURDVH úL JURVLHUH VXFXOHQWH

FRQFHQWUDWHIXUDMHGHRULJLQHDQLPDO V UXULPLQHUDOHúLYLWDPLQH

3HQWUX VXLQH úL S V UL ED]D DOLPHQWD LHL R FRQVWLWXLH FRQFHQWUDWHOH úL QXWUH XO FRPELQDW

RUGLQHD YD IL FRQFHQWUDWH VXFXOHQWH ILEURDVH IXUDMH GH RULJLQH DQLPDO  úL PLQHUDO  SUHFXP úL

vitamine;
4. DQDOL]DUD LHL sau verificarea ei:
ƒ VH IDFH YHULILFDUHD YDORULL IXUDMHORU GLQ UD LH VH WROHUHD]  XQ SOXV GH   SHQWUX 81 úL
-
3'GHúLQXHVWHRUD LHHFRQRPLF 

ƒ VHDQDOL]HD] YROXPXOUD LHLWRWDONJQXWUH VDXWRWDONJ68VDXNJ68NJJUHXWDWHYLH

ƒ se analizea]  VWUXFWXUD UD LHL SH JUXSH GH QXWUH XUL SURFHQWH GLQ WRWDOXO QHFHVDU SH ED]D
valorii nutritive - UN),
ƒ VHDQDOL]HD] UDSRUWXOSURWHLFúLUDSRUWXO&D3

ƒ VHvPSDUWHUD LDvQWDLQXUL–SRU LLQXP UXOORUYDULD] GXS VSHFLHYkUVW SURGXF LH

De exemplu, pentru adulte sunt suficiente 2-3 tainuri pe zi; animalele recordiste adulte
vor primi 4- WDLQXUL SH ]L WLQHUHWXO SULPHúWH XQ QXP U PDUH GH WDLQXUL VF ]kQG WUHSWDW SH
P VXUD FH DQLPDOXO vQDLQWHD]  vQ YkUVW  GHRDUHFH YROXPXO VWRPDFXOXL úL vQ JHQHUDl, al tubului

GLJHVWLY HVWH PDL PLF OD vQFHSXW GH]YROWDUHD WUHSWDW  I FkQGX-O FDSDELO V  vQPDJD]LQH]H R

cantitate mare de furaje.

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGLYLGXDO 

6 VHvQWRFPHDVF OLVWHFXIXUDMHOHSUHIHUDWHGHILHFDUHVSHFLHGHDQLPDOH
 Lucrarea nr. 4.2
DETERMINAREA GRADULUI DE
CONVERTIBILITATE A FURAJELOR3

Digestibilitatea furajelor VH GHWHUPLQ  H[SHULPHQWDO SULQ H[SULPDUHD FRQ LQXWXOXL GH

VXEVWDQ HQXWULWLYHGLJHVWLELOHGLQQXWUH GHWHUPLQDWHSHDQLPDOHGHH[SHULHQ 

&RQ LQXWXO GH VXEVWDQ H QXWULWLYH GLJHVWLELOH VH GHWHUPLQ  SULQ VWDELOLUHD FDQWLW LL GH

VXEVWDQ HQXWULWLYHGLJHUDWHúLUH LQXWHvQRUJDQLVP' GLJHVWDGLQGLIHUHQ DGLQWUHFDQWLWDWHDGH

-
VXEVWDQ H QXWULWLYH LQJHUDWH SULQ KUDQ  ,  LQJHVWD úL FDQWLWDWHD GH VXEVWDQ H QXWULWLYH HOLPLQDWH
-
prin fecale (E -HJHVWDGLQDFHDVWDUH]XOWkQGUHOD LD
D=I−E
&DQWLWDWHD GLJHUDW  UDSRUWDW  SURFHQWXDO OD FHD LQJHUDW  GHWHUPLQ  FRHILFLHQWXO GH

GLJHVWLELOLWDWH &G D VXEVWDQ HL QXWULWLYH vQ IXUDM DGLF  FkW OD VXW  GLQ VXEVWDQ D QXWULWLY  D IRVW

GLJHUDW úLXWLOL]DW GHRUJDQLVPWDEHOXO

D
Cd = × 100 , dar D = I − E , deci
I
I−E
Cd real = × 100
I
&XDMXWRUXO&GúLFRQ LQXWXOFKLPLFEUXWvQVXEVWDQ DUHVSHFWLY DQXWUH XOXLVHFDOFXOHD] 

FRQ LQXWXOGLJHVWLELOSHQWUXILHFDUHVXEVWDQ QXWULWLY WDEHOXOúLDQH[D

&RQ LQXWXOGLJHVWLELO&' FRQ LQXWXOFKLPLFEUXW × Cd) / 100

3ULQ vQVXPDUHD FRQ LQXWXOXL GLJHVWLELO DO ILHF UHL VXEVWDQ H QXWULWLYH GLQWU -un furaj VH RE LQH
FRQ LQXWXOWRWDOGHVXEVWDQ HQXWULWLYHGLJHVWLELOH76'GLQQXWUH XOUHVSHFWLY

TSD = CD + PD + GB x 2,25 + SEN

Tabelul 4.1

&RHILFLHQ LLGHGLJHVWLELOLWDWHDLSULQFLSDOHORUQXWUH XUL

'HQXPLUHDQXWUH XOXL SU % Proteine % *U VLPL SEN % Celuloz 

Lucerna verde 65.2 79.1 57.6 72.8 46.7
)kQOXFHUQ 62.6 77.4 44.8 73.6 41.0
3DLHGHRU]úLRY ] 52.0 36.4 39.0 56.8 40.4
3DLHGHJUkXúLVHFDU 49.5 32.8 42.2 54.6 39.8
Coceni de porumb 54.7 31.6 46.5 60.4 42.8
Porumb siloz 64.8 61.5 67.0 67.9 61.0
Porumb boabe 76.7 78.4 66.6 87.0 62.4
2Y ]ERDEH 71.6 72.2 70.5 81.0 58.6
Soia boabe 80.5 84.1 82.3 74.0 61.5
7 Uk HGHJUkX 76.5 81.3 70.8 69.6 59.7
7 Uk HGHVIHFO 86.0 65.0 ------ 90.0 71.0
) LQ GHFDUQH 93.0 93.0 92.0 98.0 ------
Lapte inteJUDOúLVPkQWkQLW 97.0 96.0 94.0 98.0 ------

76'WRWDOVXEVWDQ HGLJHVWLELOHJVHRE LQHSULQvQVXPDUHDWXWXURUVXEVWDQ HORUQXWULWLYH

organice digestibile, aducându-OHODDFHHDúLYDORDUH FDORULF de exempluJU VLPLOHVXQWGH 

ori mai calorice dHFkWFHOHODOWHVXEVWDQ HQXWULWLYHRUJDQLFH- PB, CB, SEN).

'LJHVWLELOLWDWHD VXEVWDQ HORU QXWULWLYH GLQ QXWUH XUL HVWH LQIOXHQ DW  GH IDFWRULL DQLPDO

QXWUH XOIRORVLWvQDOLPHQWD LHúLFRQGL LLOHGHPHGLX

3
/R]LQF 'úL&LRERWDUX/
 Tabelul 4.2

&RPSR]L LDFKLPLF EUXW DSULQFLSDOHORUQXWUH XUL

'HQXPLUHDQXWUH XOXL SU % Proteine % *U VLPL SEN % &HOXOR]  &HQXú 

/XFHUQ ODvQIORULUH 21.8 4.7 0.9 7.3 6.8 2.1

)kQOXFHUQ 84.5 14.8 2.4 33.1 26.5 7.7
Paie de oU]úLRY ] 83.3 5.4 1.3 34.7 36.7 5.2
Coceni de porumb 82.6 4.5 1.6 33.2 37.8 5.5
Porumb siloz 24.4 1.7 1.4 12.7 6.8 1.8
Porumb boabe 86.2 10.4 5.8 66.6 1.9 1.5
2Y ]ERDEH 86.7 11.7 4.6 56.6 10.5 3.3
Soia boabe 88.5 34.4 22.6 22.4 5.5 3.6
7 Uk HGHJ râu 88.4 16.8 4.3 51.4 9.7 6.2
) LQ GHFDUQH 93.6 74.8 8.6 2.4 ----- 7.8
Lapte integral 12.2 3.8 3.3 4.2 ----- 0.9
Lapte smântânit 9.9 4.3 0.2 4.6 ----- 0.8

)DFWRULLGHWHUPLQD LGHDQLPDO

Specia vQWUH VSHFLLOH GRPHVWLFH GH DQLPDOH H[LVW  GHRVHELUL IXQF LRQDOH DOH GLJHVWLHL úL

GHFLGHRVHELULvQSULYLQ DFDSDFLW LLGHGLJHUDUHDVXEVWDQ HORUQXWULWLYH

De exempluUXPHJ WRDUHOHSRWGLJHUDFHOXOR]DGLQQXWUH XULOHJURVLHUHSDLHFRFHQLPDL

ELQHGHFkWPRQRJDVWULFHOHFDEDOLQHSRUFLS V UL

Vârsta DQLPDOHOH DGXOWH DX R PDL PDUH FDSDFLWDWH GH GLJHUDUH D VXEVWDQ HORU QXWULWLYH
GHFkWWLQHUHWXOILLQGF WXEXOGLJHVWLYDODGXOWHORUHVWHPDLGH]YROWDWIXQF LRQDO

6 Q WDWHD úLFRQGL LD DQLPDOXOXL DQLPDOHOH EROQDYH úL VODEH GLJHU  PDL VODE KUDQD GHFkW

DQLPDOHOH V Q WRDVH DQLPDOHOH PDL JUDVH GLJHU  PDL VODE KUDQD ILLQGF  VH UHGXF DSHWLWXO úL

VHFUH LD GLJHVWLY  DQLPDOHOH FDUH S úXQHD]  YDORULILF  PDL ELQH PDVD YHUGH GHFkW FHOH FDUH R

FRQVXP ODLHVOHILLQGF EHQHILFLD] GHPLúFDUHDHUúLDF LXQHDELQHI F WRDUHDUD]HORUVRODUH

)DFWRULLGHWHUPLQD LGHQDWXUDQXWUH XOXL

&RQ LQXWXO GH OLJQLQ  LQIOXHQ HD]  QHJDWLY GLJHVWLELOLWDWHD LDU FHOXOR]D GLQ QXWUH  SULQ

LULWDUHD PXFRDVHL GLJHVWLYH P UHúWH YLWH]D WUDQ]LWXOXL LQWHVWLQDO úL UHGXFH WLPSXO GH GLJHVWLH úL

DEVRUE LHLQWHVWLQDO DFHORUODOWHVXEVWDQ HQXWULWLYHGLQRUJDQLVP

&RQ LQXWXO GH JU VLPL PDL PDUH GH  J NJ JUHXWDWH FRUSRUDO  DUH DFHODúL HIHFW FD úL

FHOXOR]DÌQWUHFDQWLWDWHDGHJU VLPLúLFHDGHSURWHLQ GLQKUDQ WUHEXLHV ILHUDSRUWXO 6.

&RQ LQXWXO PLQHUDO vQ VSHFLDO GH 1D&O vQ OLPLWH RSWLPH PHQ LQH R GLJHVWLH QRUPDO  -
SULQDFWLYDUHDVDOYL LHLDSHSVLQHLIDYRUL]kQG -o.
3UHSDUDUHD QXWUH XULORU SULQ WRFDUH vQPXLHUH VDUDPXUDUH PHODVDUH WUDWDUH FKLPLF  FX

1D2+VDXIHUPHQWD LDGURMGLHLVSRUHúWHGLJHVWLELOLWDWHDVXEVWDQ HORURUJDQLFHGHODOD

9ROXPXO UD LHL LQIOXHQ HD]  VHQ]D LD GH VD LHWDWH vQ OLSVD F UHLD VH PDQLIHVW  VHQ]D LD GH

IRDPHFDUHDWUDJHWXOEXU ULDOHVHFUH LHLGLJHVWLYHúLGHFLUHGXFHUHDGLJHVWLHL

3. Factorii GHWHUPLQD LGHFRQGL LLOHGHPHGLX

Altitudinea GHWHUPLQ  VF GHUHD GLJHVWLELOLW LL VXEVWDQ HORU QXWULWLYH GH OD  OD 

FkQGDQLPDOHOHVXQWPXWDWHVH]RQLHUGLQ]RQDGHOXURDV GHPSHS úXQLDOSLQHFXDOWLWXGLQHD

de 2000 m.
Microclimatul, exprimat, vQ VSHFLDO SULQ WHPSHUDWXU  LQIOXHQ HD]  GLJHVWLD WHPSHUDWXUD

FRQVWDQW vQWLPSXOLHUQLLvQDG SRVWXUL - 16-18°C –IDYRUL]HD] GLJHVWLDFRPSDUDWLYFX YDULD LLOH

GH WHPSHUDWXU  GH DVHPHQHD S úXQDWXO vQ FRQGL LL DWPRVIHULFH IDYRUDELOH LQIOXHQ HD]  SR]LW iv
FDSDFLWDWHD GH GLJHVWLH FRPSDUDWLY FX H[SXQHUHD DQLPDOHORU OD SORL UHFL VDX GLIHUHQ H EUXúWH GH

WHPSHUDWXU 
 7HKQLFD GH DOLPHQWD LH : administrarea hranei la porcine (3- WDLQXUL FUHúWH

GLJHVWLELOLWDWHDDO SWDUHDYL HLORUODELEHURQHVWHPDLLQGLFDW GHFkWODJ OHDW ILLQGF ODSWHOHHVWH

VXSWPDLOHQWOODSWHvQPLQXWHVHDPHVWHF FXRFDQWLWDWHPDLPDUHGHVDOLY vQJXU úL

SHSWRQ  vQ VWRPDF P ULQG GLJHVWLELOLWDWHD ODSWHOXL úL FRHILFLHQWXO GH XWLOL]DUH D ODSWHOXL vQ

RUJDQLVPXOYL HOXOX i.

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGLYLGXDO 

1. 6  VH FDOFXOH]H FRQ LQXWXO GLJHVWLELO J SHQWUX SURWHLQD GLQ OXFHUQD YHUGH DIODW  OD

vQFHSXWXO vQIORULULL FXQRVFkQG FDQWLWDWHD GH SURWHLQ   J  NJ QXWUH  FDQWLWDWHD GH

OXFHUQ FRQVXPDW , NJúLFHDHOLPLQDW ( NJ

2. 6  VH FDOFXOH]H 76' J SHQWUX IkQXO GH OXFHUQ  FRQVXPDW , vQ FDQWLWDWH GH  NJ GH

F WUH YDFLOH FX ODSWH GLQ FDUH VH SLHUG (  NJ )kQXO DUH   3%   *%

33.1 % SEN, 26.5 % CB.

 Lucrarea nr. 4.3
4
$35(&,(5($9$/25,,1875,7,9($1875( 85,/25

9DORDUHDQXWULWLY DQXWUH XULORUVHDSUHFLD] SHED]DFRQ LQXWXOXLORUHQHUJHWLFúLSHED]D

HIHFWXOXLSURGXFWLYDOQXWUH XULORU

$SUHFLHUHDYDORULLQXWULWLYHDQXWUH XULORUSHED]DFRQ LQXWXOXLORUHQHUJHWLFVHED]HD] SH

FRQVWDWDUHDF XQQXWUH DUHRYDORDUHQXWULWLY FXDWkWPDLPDUHFXFkWHOLEHUHD] RFDQWLWDWHPDL

PDUH GH HQHUJLH GHVWLQDW  SURGXF LLORU DQLPDOLHUH 3ULQ H[SHULHQ H VH VWDELOHVF HQHUJLD

VXEVWDQ HORUFRQVXPDWHLQJHVWDúLHQHUJLDHOLPLQDW HJHVWDSHGLYHUVHF LIHFDOHXULQ JD]H

FDORULFDUH]XOWkQGvQILQDOHQHUJLDFDUHU PkQHvQFRUSSHQWUXUHDOL]DUHDSURGXF LLORUDQLPDOLHUH

FRQIRUPUHOD LHLGHELODQ HQHUJHWLF

(QHUJLHEUXW (% (QHUJLHIHFDOH
- (QHUJLHGLJHVWLELO  ED)

(QHUJLDGLJHVWLELO (' (QHUJLDXULQ (QHUJLDJD]H

- (QHUJLDPHWDEROLF (0

(QHUJLDQHW (1 (QHUJLDvQWUH LQHUH

- (QHUJLDSURGXFWLY (3

8QLW LOHGHP VXU DOHYDORULLQXWULWLYH

folosite în România

8QLWDWHD IXUDMHU  RU] (UF) reprezinW  HIHFWXO SURGXF LH GH ODSWH  NJ SULQ FRQVXPXO

XQXLNJGHRU]GHFDOLWDWHEXQ 

8QLWDWHDQXWULWLY RY ]81UHSUH]LQW HIHFWXOSURGXF LHLGHJU VLPHJvQFRUSSULQ

FRQVXPXOXQXLNJGHJU XQ HGHRY ]GHFDOLWDWHPLMORFLHvQFD]XOERLORUDGXO LSXúLODvQJU úDW

9DORDUHDQXWULWLY DFHORUODOWHQXWUH XULVHFRPSDU FXFHDDRY ]XOXLFRQVLGHUDWHWDORQ

Echivalentul amidon($UHSUH]LQW HIHFWXOSURGXF LHLGHJU VLPHJvQFRUSDXQXL

NJ GH DPLGRQ SXU GLJHVWLELO YDORDUH HWDORQ vQ IXQF LH GH FDUH VH FDOFXOHD]  úL HIHFWXO SURGXFWLY

al celorlalte furaje.
(FKLYDO ULOH DX OD ED]  FDORULFLWDWHD SURGXF LHL GH JU VLPH UH]XOWDWH SULQ FUHúWHUHD

DQLPDOHORUGHH[SHULHQ WDEHOXO

Exprimarea valorilor energetice se face în calorii (cal.) sau kilocalorii (kcal); Jouli (j) sau
Megajouli (Mj);
1 cal. = 4.1868 J, respectiv 1 kcal. = 4.1868 Mj.

3HQWUX H[SULPDUHD YDORULL QXWULWLYH VH XWLOL]HD]  PDL IUHFYHQW HQHUJLD PHWDEROL]DELO 

(0HFXD LLOHGHFDOFXOVHED]HD] WRWSHFRQ LQXWXOGHVXEVWDQ HQXWULWLYHGLJHVWLELOH

Tabelul 4.3

&RHILFLHQ LLGHHFKLYDODUHDXQLW LORUGHP VXU DYDORULLQXWULWLYH

(Popa, 1980)

Unitatea de
EN (kcal.) &RHILFLHQ LLGHHFKLYDODUH
P VXU

Ea UN UF
Ea 2360 1.00 1.66 1.43
81RY ] 1414 0.60 1.00 0,86
UN orz (UF) 1650 0.70 1.16 1.00

4
/R]LQF 'úL&LXERWDUX/
 &DOFXOXO (0GLQ QXWUH XULVH IDFHFXDMXWRUXOHFKLYDOHQ LORUHQHUJHWLFLGXS  IRUPXODGLQ

WDEHOXOXUP WRU3RSD

Specificarea PBD GBD CBD SEND

Simbolul X1 X2 X3 X4
(FKLYDOHQ LL

energetici pentru:
taurine 4.32 7.73 3.59 3.63
porcine 5.01 8.93 3.44 4.08
S V UL 4.26 9.50 4.23 4.23
iepuri 4.30 9.37 3.45 3.18
(FXD LDGHFDOFXO(0 Hp X1 + eg X2 + ec X3 + esen X4

(QHUJLDQHW (1HVWHGLIHUHQ DGLQWUH(0úL(WHUPLF QHFHVDU vQF O]LULLFRUSRUDOH

&DOFXOXO (1 GLQ QXWUH XUL VH IDFH FX DMXWRUXO HFKLYDOHQ LORU HQHUJHWLFL GXS  HFXD LD GLQ

WDEHOXOXUP WRU

Specificarea PBD GBD CBD SEND

Simbolul X1 X2 X3 X4
(FKLYDOHQ LL HQHUJHWLFL

pentru:
taurine si ovine:
JURVLHUH úL VXFXOHQWH 2.22 4.5 2.4 2.36
concentrate 1.78 7.04 2.37 2.13
porcine:
U G FLQRDVH úL FDUWRIL 2.0 7.50 0.60 3.08
concentrate 2.4 7.51 0.01 3.27
iepuri 2.31 7.94 3.16 2.62
(FXD LDGHFDOFXO(1 Hp X1 + e g X2 + e c X3 + e SEN X4

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGLYLGXDO 

1. 6  VH FDOFXOH]H (0 NFDO VL 0- GLQWU XQ NJ GH VIHFO  IXUDMHU  FRQVXPDW  GH F WUH
-
WDXULQHFXQRVFkQGF VIHFODFRQ LQH3%*%6(1 CB.
2. 6  VH FDOFXOH]H (1 NFDO úL 0- GLQWU XQ NJ GH RY ] ERDEH FRQVXPDW GH LHSXUL
-
FXQRVFkQGF RY ]XOFRQ LQH3%*%6(1&%
 Lucrarea nr. 4.4
'(7(50,1$5($1(&(6$58/8,'(68%67$1 (

1875,7,9(3(1758+5 1,5($ TAURINELOR5

a) 1RUPD  GH  KUDQ   SHQWUX  WDXULL  GH  UHSURGXF LH  VH VWDELOHúWH vQ IXQF LH GH JUHXWDWHD

FRUSRUDO úLLQWHQVLWDWHDIRORVLULLODPRQW WDEHOXO

1XWUH XULOHFDUHLQIOXHQ HD] SR]LWLYDFWLYLWDWHDGHUHSURGXF LHVXQW

iarna: - fânuri ........................................................... 6 – 12 kg;

- morcov..........................................................5 – 8 kg;
-VIHFO ............................................................4 – 5 kg;
-QXWUH FRPELQDWUH HW – 1) ......................3 – 4 kg;
vara: - fânuri ............................................................3 – 4 kg;
-PDV YHUGHS OLW XPLGLWDWH) ............ 15 – 25 kg;
-QXWUH FRPELQDWUH HW – 1) ...................... 3 – 4 kg.
6XSOLPHQWXOPLQHUDOHVWHDOF WXLWGLQFUHW IXUDMHU úLI LQ GHRDVHVHDGPLQLVWUHD] RX 

úLODSWHVPkQWkQLW

b) 1RUPD GH KUDQ  SHQWUX YDFL VH VWDELOHúWH GLIHUHQ LDW SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD IXQF LLORU YLWDOH úL

SHQWUXXQOLWUXGHODSWHDYkQGvQYHGHUHSURFHQWXOGHJU VLPHGLQODSWHWDEHOHOHúL

Calculul din tabel s-D I FXW GXS FHULQ HOH SHQWUX NJ JUHXWDWH YLH 81 J 3%'

úL68

Prin însumarea normei SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD IXQF LLORU YLWDOH FX QRUPD FDOFXODW  SHQWUX
SURGXF LDUHDOL]DW VHRE LQHQRUPDJOREDO ]LOQLF .

Tabelul 4.4
1RUPDGHKUDQ SHQWUXWDXULQHGHUHSURGXF LH

Greutatea SU ED PD Ca P Caroten Sare

6SHFLILFD LD UN
kg kg kcal g g g mg g
Norma GHKUDQ SHQWUXWDXULLGHUHSURGXF LH

Activitate 500-600 11,9 7,5 1090 50 45 450 50

LQWHQV 600-700 13,7 8,3 1200 55 50 500 55
34 mii
700-800 14,5 9,0 1300 60 55 550 60
800-900 15,6 9,7 1400 68 60 580 65
Repaus 500-600 10,8 6,3 790 40 32 300 40
600-700 11,9 7,0 875 45 35 350 45
29 mii
700-800 12,9 7,6 950 49 39 380 50
800-900 14,0 8,4 1025 53 41 410 55
1RUPDGHKUDQ SHQWUXYDFL

450 6,2 4,3 11600 325 23 12 196 21

500 7,0 4,7 12500 320 25 13 210 23
600 8,0 5,5 14300 400 33 15 250 26

Tabelul 4.5
1RUPDGHKUDQ SHQWUXXQOLWUXGHODSWH

*U VLPHD UN ED PD Ca P Sare Caroten

% kcal g g g g mg
SHQWUXSURGXF LLSkQ ODO itri zilnic
3,5 0,44 1100 35 4,2 3,3 2 18
4,0 0,47 1200 56 4,2 3,3 2 18
4,5 0,51 1290 60 4,2 3,3 2 18
SHQWUXSURGXF LLGHSHVWHOLWULODSWHSH]L

3,5 0,49 1250 60 4,2 3,3 2 22

4,0 0,53 1340 65 4,2 3,3 2 22
4,5 0,56 1430 70 4,2 3,3 2 22

5
/R]LQF 'úL&LXERWDUX/
1XWUH XULOHOactogene sunt administrate în limitele de mai jos.
Iarna: - IkQGHOXFHUQ WULIRL ......................................................................... 6 – 7 kg;
- porumb însilozat ...........................................................................20 – 30 kg;
-VIHFO IXUDMHU ................................................................................12 – 25 kg;
-JURVLHUHSOHDY SDLHFRFHQLWRFDWHúLvQDPHVWHFFXSRUXPEvQVLOR]DW .. 5 kg;
- coQFHQWUDWH W Uk H GH JUkX úURWXUL VDX FRPELQDWH UH HW   – 2); se folosesc în
UDSRUWFXSURGXF LDGHODSWHUHDOL]DW 

5 – 7 l / zi - 120 g / l lapte;
7 – 9 l / zi - 140 g / l lapte;
9 – 11 l / zi - 160 g / l lapte;
11 – 13 l / zi - 190 g / l lapte;
13 – 15 l / zi - 230 g / l lapte;
peste 15 l / zi - 270 g / l lapte.
Vara: - PDVD YHUGH VH IRORVHúWH vQ UDSRUW FX SURGXF LD GH ODSWH UHDOL]DW  GXS  FXP

XUPHD] 

4 – 8 l / zi -NJPDV YHUGH
10 – 12 l / zi -NJPDV YHrde;
14 – 16 l / zi -NJPDV YHUGH
18 – 20 l / zi -NJPDV YHUGH
peste 20 l / zi -NJPDV YHUGH
- FRQFHQWUDWHGXS FDOFXOXOI FXWODDOLPHQWD LDGHLDUQ VDXFRPELQDWHUH HW  – 2).

c) 1RUPDGHKUDQ SHQWUXYDFLOHJHVWDQWHvQUHSDX s mamar. $OLPHQWD LDYDFLORUJHVWDQWHWUHEXLH

V  DVLJXUH GH]YROWDUHD QRUPDO  D I WXOXL úL UHIDFHUHD RUJDQLVPXOXL GXS  SHULRDGD FHORU 

]LOHGHODFWD LHQRUPDO 

1RUPD GH KUDQ  VH GLIHUHQ LD]  vQ IXQF LH GH JUHXWDWHD FRUSRUDO  úL SHULRDGD GH JHVWD LH

(tabelul 4.6).
1XWUH XULOHLQGLFDWHvQDFHDVW SHULRDG VXQW

iarna : - fânuri................................................................... 3 – 5 kg,

-SRUXPEvQVLOR]DWQXPDLSkQ vQOXQDD9,,-a) ........ 12 kg,
-VIHFO IXUDMHU ......................................................... 10 kg,
- morcov ...................................................................... 3 kg,
-FRQFHQWUDWHVDXFRPELQDWHUH HW – 7) ................. 2 kg,
vara: -QXWUH verde.......................................................30 – 50 kg,
-FRQFHQWUDWHVDXFRPELQDWHUH HW – 7) ................. 2 kg.
3HQWUX SUHYHQLUHDDYRUWXULORUVHHYLW  IRORVLUHDQXWUH XULORU vQJKH DWHúLPXFHJ LWHLDUFX

GRX V SW PkQLvQDLQWHGHI WDUHVHVFRWGLQUD LHQXWUH XULOHPXUDWH

d) 1RUPD GH KUDQ  SHQWUX tineretul taurin femel GH SU VLO  VH GLIHUHQ LD]  vQ IXQF LH GH YkUVWD

YL HLORUJUHXWDWHDFRUSRUDO úLVSRUXOPHGLX]LOQLFSODQLILFDWWDEHOXO

1XWUH XULOH LQGLFDWH vQ KUDQD WLQHUHWXOXL WUHEXLH V  DLE  PDUH YDORDUH QXWULWLY  úL V 

stimuleze dezvoltarea prestomacului.

&DQWLW LOHUHFRPDQGDWHVHSUH]LQW DVWIHO

iarna: -IkQYLWDPLQRVGHOXFHUQ WULIRL...............................2 – 4 kg,

- porumb însilozat .................................................. 5 – 15 kg,
-VIHFO IXUDMHU ...................................................... 3 – 10 kg,
- combinate.............................................................. 1 – 2 kg;
vara: -IkQYLWDPLQRVGHOXFHUQ WULIRL ............................. 1 – 3 kg,
-QXWUH YHUGH........................................................ 15 – 40 kg,
- combinate ...............................................................1 – 2 kg.
La junincile gestante, începând din luna a VII-D GH JHVWD LH OXQL FUHúWH SRQGHUHD
QXWUH XOXLFRPELQDWúLVHUHGXFHQXWUH XOvQVLOR]DW
e) 1RUPDGHKUDQ SHQWUXWLQHUHWXOWDXULQPDVFXOvQJU úD t intensivVHGLIHUHQ LD] vQIXQF LHGH

YkUVW  úL VSRUXO ]LOQLF PD[LP FDUH SRDWH IL UHDOL]DW IL]LRORJLF GH WLQHUHWXO vQJU úDW LQWHQVLY

(tabelul 4.7).
ÌQJU úDUHDLQWHQVLY HVWHFHDPDLUHQWDELO PHWRG DOLPHQWHOHXWLOL]DWHVXQWGLVWULEXLWHvQ

XUP WRDUHOHFDQWLW LOLPLW 

- IkQXULGHOHJXPLQRDVHOXFHUQ  - trifoi) …………….. 1 – 6 kg;

- QXWUH FRPELQDW««««««««««««« – 3,5 kg;
- ERUKRWVIHFO «««««««««««««««– 30 kg;

- ODSWHGHYDF vQSHULRDGDGHDO SWDUH««O]L– 15 zile);

- înlocuitor de lapte (Inlavit) ……………. 6 l / zi (15 – 90 zile).

f) 1RUPD GH KUDQ  SHQWUX ERLL GH PXQF  VH GLIHUHQ LD]  vQ IXQF LH GH JUHXWDWHD FRUSRUDO  úL

LQWHQVLWDWHDXWLOL] ULLORUODPXQF WDEHOXO

ÌQ DOLPHQWD LD ERLORU GH PXQF  VH YD HYLWD VXSUDvQF UFDUHD WXEXOXL GLJHVWLY cu multe
furaje de volum (grosiere, suculente) – 2,5kg SU/100kg corp.
Iarna: - fibroase………………………………………............. 10 kg,
- suculente………………………………………............15 kg,
- concentrate ……………………………………...........1,5 kg,
- grosiere ……………………………………….…..........2 kg.
Vara: -PDV YHUGHGHJUDPLQHHFRQ LQHPDLPXOWHJOXFLGH
cu rol energetic decât lucerna sau trifoiul)…............30-40 kg,
- fân………………………………………………............ 3 kg,
- concentrate……………………………………............ 1,5 kg.

Tabelul 4.6
1RUPDGHKUDQ SHQWUXYDFLJHVWDQWH

Greutatea SU PD Ca P Sare Caroten

UN
kg kg g g g g mg
luna a VIII-DDJHVWD LHL
500 12 6,3 630 32 32 38 160
600 14 7,0 700 35 35 42 175
luna a IX-DDJHVWD LHL
500 12 9 990 45 45 54 225
600 14 10 1100 50 50 60 250
Tabelul 4.7
1RUPHGHKUDQ SHQWUXWLQHUHWWDXULQ

Sporul
Vârsta Greutatea SU PD Ca P Sare Caroten Combinate
mediu zilnic UN
luni kg kg g g g g mg kg/zi
g
1RUPDGHKUDQ SHQWUXWLQHUHWXOIHPHOGHSU VLO

1 52 700 1,0 2,2 264 10 5 5 30 0,1 (r30-3)

3 91 750 2,0 2,8 365 20 15 10 60 1,2 (r30-3)
6 150 750 3,5 3,6 425 30 20 20 105 2,0 (r30-4)
12 259 600 5,2 4,4 460 40 25 30 140 1,1 (r30-5)
18 344 500 6,5 5,5 550 50 30 40 180 1,1 (r30-6)
24 425 500 9,0 6,3 630 55 35 50 220 1,1 (r30-7)
28 480 500 10,0 7,0 700 60 40 60 260 1,1 (r30-7)
1RUPDGHKUDQ SHQWUXWLQHUHWWDXULQvQJU úDWLQWHQVLY

1 55 500 1,0 1,1 240 13 8 5 15 0,3 (r30-8)

3 95 750 3,0 3,2 400 25 15 10 20 1,5 (r30-9)
6 176 950 4,5 5,3 630 38 24 20 30 3,3 (r30-9)
9 239 1100 5,4 6,7 800 43 28 25 40 3,5 (r30-10)
12 364 980 7,5 9,5 950 54 32 45 60 3,5 (r30-10)
 Tabelul 4.8
1RUPDGHKUDQ SHQWUXERLLGHPXQF

Greutatea SU PD Ca P Sare Caroten Combinate

Muncile UN
kg kg g g g g mg kg/zi
600 repaus 11 6,0 468 36 24 40 72 ------
600 mijlocii 14 9,7 776 36 24 40 72 1,1
600 grele 16,5 10,7 1016 36 24 40 72 1,5

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGLYLGXDO 

6  VH FDOFXOH]H QRUPD ]LOQLF  GH KUDQ  SHQWUX R YDF  FX ODSWH  vQ JUHXWDWH YLH GH  NJ 

FDUHSURGXFH]LOQLFOLWULODSWHFXJU VLPH
 Lucrarea nr. 4.5
0(72'(ù,7(+1,&,'( PREPARARE
ù,'(32=,7$5($1875( 85,/25

1. 3UHSDUDUHDQXWUH XULORUvQFRQGL LLJRVSRG UHúWL

a) Procedeele fizice: - FXU LUHD YkQWXUDUHD VHOHFWDUHD FX DMXWRUXO VHOHFWRDUHORU FHUQHUHD

VS ODUHDvQGHS UWDUHDS U LORUDOWHUDWHU QLWHvQJKH DWH

-P UXQ LUHDWRFDUHVF UP QDUHVWULYLUH]GURELUHXUXLUH

- vQPXLHUHD FX  DS   UHFH FX DS  FDOG  PDFHUDUHD vQPXLHUHD WLPS GH -3
]LOH FX VDUDPXU  VDX FX PHODV  SHQWUX UHFRQGL LRQDUH VDX GHWR[L]DUH FX

DS  UHFH VDX FDOG   -24 ore, SHQWUX F  VXEVWDQ HOH DPDUH VDX WR[LFH

VROXELOHWUHFvQOLFKLGXOGHvQPXLHUHFDUHVHHOLPLQ 

-WRFDUHDWHUPLF RS ULUHILHUEHUHFXYDSRULSU MLUHDPHVWHFDUH

b) Procedeele chimice VXQW XWLOL]DWH PDL DOHV OD SUHSDUDUHD QXWUH XULORU JURVLHUH FHOXOR]LFe; se
IRORVHVF DSH DPRQLDFDOH DSD GH YDU VRGD FDOFLQDW  OHúLL XUHHD DFLGXO FORUKLGULF $FHVWHD

VSRUHVF GLJHVWLELOLWDWHD FHOXOR]HL SULQ WUDQVIRUPDUHD HL vQ DS  FRORLGDO  IHQRPHQ FDUH XúXUHD] 

DF LXQHDHQ]LPHORUDVXSUDVXEVWDQ HORUQXWULWLYH

c) Procedeele biologice VH ED]HD]  SH XWLOL]DUHD HQ]LPHORU IHUPHQ LORU VDX PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU

FDUHGHVFRPSXQSDU LDODPLGRQXOúLSURWHLQDGLQIXUDMHvLDVLJXU JXVWúLPLURVSO FXW

Cele mai uzuale procedee sunt: -vQFRO LUHDJU XQ HORU

- îndulcirea;
- fermHQWD LDODFWLF 
- dospirea;
- drojduirea.
3UHSDUDUHDQXWUH XULORUvQFRQGL LLLQGXVWULDOH

a) 3UHSDUDUHDQXWUH XULORUGLQDOJHSHVXEVWUDWGLQGHMHF LL]RRWHKQLFH

.
b) 3UHSDUDUHDGHMHF LLORUGHODS V UL
: - uscare la 130ºC,
- peletizare ( granulare, brichetare),
- murarea (însilozarea) cu porumb verde 70%.
c) 3UHSDUDUHDXQRUPDWHULLSULPHQHFHVDUHSURGXFHULLGHQXWUH XULFRQFHQWUDWH.
d) 3UHSDUDUHDI LQLLGLQQXWUH XULYHU]LGHVKLGUDWDWH. Scopul metodei este de a evita pierderile de
VXEVWDQ HQXWULWLYHúLFDURWHQFHVHvQWkPSO ODXVFDUHDQDWXUDO 

Uscarea se face prin expunere timp de 30 secunde la 800-1000ºC. Fluxul tehnologic

FRQVW GLQ

ƒ recoltarea plantelor la îmbobocire ,

ƒ WRFDUHDRGDW FXFRVLUHDODGLPHQVLXQLGH -20mm ,
ƒ WUDQVSRUWXOSODQWHORUODVWD LDGHXVFDUH

ƒ deshidratarea ,
ƒ P FLQDUHD

ƒ granularea ,
ƒ ambalarea ,
ƒ FRQVHUYDUHDSULQIRORVLUHDJD]HORULQHUWH&RúL1+

e) 3UHSDUDUHDW L HLORUGHVIHFO GHVKLGUDWD LSULQvPERJ LUHFXD]RW6FRSXOvPERJ LULLFXD]RW

este cUHúWHUHD SDUWLFLS ULL SURWHLQHL vQ SVWUXFWXUD W L HLORU GH VIHFO  FUHVFkQG DVWIHO YDORDUHD
QXWULWLY DDFHVWRUD

f) Prepararea drojdiei furajere. Fluxul tehnologic cuprinde:

ƒ SUHJ WLUHDVXEVWUDWXOXLPHODV ]HUERUKRWXUL

ƒ inocularea cu drojdii din genul Tortula,

ƒ IHUPHQWDUHDDHURE úLOD ºC,
ƒ separarea masei de substrat prin filtrare sau centrifugare,
ƒ XVFDUHDSkQ ODDS 

ƒ ambalarea în saci.
g) 3UHSDUDUHD LQGXVWULDO  DJURVLHUHORU (coceni, paie) prin iradiere, cu raze gama sau electroni
úL JUDQXODUHD FX DGDRV GH ED]H DOFDOLQH XUP UHúWH GLVWUXJHUHD OLJQLQHL úL GLVSRQLELOL]DUHD

VXEVWDQ HORU QXWULWLYH GLQ JURVLHUH SHQWUX GLJHVWLD VSHFLILF  D UXPHJ WRDUHORU VXE IRUP  GH

QXWUH XULXQLFH

h) ([WUXGDUHDVHPLQ HORUGHFHUHDOH6HRE LQHXQDPHVWHFGHFHUHDO e, 15% uree, 5%, liant,

FH VH RPRJHQL]HD]  VH PDFLQ  úL DSRL VH VXSXQH DF LXQLL WHUPRGLQDPLFH vQ SUH]HQ D YDSRULORU

vQF O]L L OD ž& úL  DWP SUHVLXQH ÌQ XUPD DFHVWHL DF LXQL DUH ORF JHODWLQL]DUHD DPLGRQXOXL

GL]ROYDUHDXUHHLúLvQFDSVXODUHDHLvQ amidonul gelatinizat. Prin acest procedeu pierderile de azot

VXQWVXELDUWR[LFLWDWHDXUHHLHVWHH[FOXV vQWLPSXOGLJHVWLHLODUXPHJ WRDUH

i) )XOJXLUHDJU XQ HORUGHSRUXPERU]VRLD6HVXSUDvQF O]HVFJU XQ HOHODºC timp de 2-3

minute; apa din JU XQWH VH WUDQVIRUP  vQ YDSRUL FDUH SULQ SUHVLXQHD H[HUFLWDW  SURGXF
H[SDQGDUHD %RDEHOH H[SDQGDWH VXQW GLULMDWH OD PRDU  XQGH VXQW WUDQVIRUPDWH vQ IXOJL úL DSRL

ambalate în saci.
j) 3UHSDUDUHDQXWUH XULORUFRPELQDWHILJ1XWUH XULOHFRPELQDWHcare satisfac integral toate
FHULQ HOHDQLPDOHORUVXQW

- QXWUH XULOHFRPELQDWHFRPSOHWHIRORVLWHFDQXWUH XULXQLFHSHQWUXSRUFLS V ULWLQHUHWRYLQúL

WDXULQ DVLJXU  WR L SULQFLSLL QXWULWLYL QHFHVDUL ]LOQLFL SULQ DPHVWHFXO GH QXWUH XUL GH RULJLQH

vegetaO úLDQLPDO PLQHUDOHúLYLWDPLQH

- QXWUH XULFRPELQDWHvQFRPSOHWDUHDKUDQHLGHED] 

- suplimentarea de completare –SHXQVXSRUWGHW Uk HVHLQFOXGQXWULHQ LGHILFLWDUL

- nuclee proteice (PVM) – FRQ LQ SURWHLQH YLWDPLQH PLQHUDOH JU VLPL HQ]LPH
biostimulatori, antibiotice, corectori de gust;
- premixuri (supernuclee, zooforturi) –FRQ LQQXPDLRJUXS GHHOHPHQWHQXWULWLYHGHDFHHDVH
JUXSHD]  vQ SUHPL[XUL YLWDPLQLFH PLQHUDOH DQWLELRWLFH FKLPLRWHUDSLFH GH LQWHUDF LXQH

(antistress)
ÌQ JHQHUDO IOX[XO WHKQRORJLF FXSULQGH P FLQDUHD PDWHULHL SULPH GXS  UH HWD GH

IDEULFD LHRPRJHQL]DUHDDPHVWHFXOXLJUDQXODUHD

5HFRQGL LRQDUHDQXWUH XULORU

3HQWUXUHFXSHUDUHQXWUH XULOHVHVXSXQXQRUWUDWDPHQWHGHGHWR[L]DUHFDUHDQLKLOHD] VDX

GLPLQXHD] HIHFWHOHWR[LFHVDXG XQ WRDUH

¾ SUHYHQLUHDLQWR[LF ULLFXWXEHUFXOLGHFDUWRILVHIDFHSULQHOLPLQDUHDFRO LORUILHUEHUHDSHQWUX

GLVWUXJHUHDVRODQLQHLúLvQGHS UWDUHDDSHLvQFDUHV -au fiert;

¾ SUHYHQLUHDLQWR[LF ULLFXVHPLQ HGHQHJKLQ FHFRQ LQJLWKDJLQ FDUHVHJ VHVFvQJR]XULOHGH

FHUHDOH S LRDVH GXS  VHOHFWDUH VH IDFH SULQ P FLQDUHD úL FHUQHUHD JR]XULORU FkQG RGDW  FX

W Uk HOHVHúLHOLPLQ HPEULRQLLSXUW WRULDLWR[LQHL

¾ UHFXSHUDUHD QXWUH XULORU vQFLQVH GDWRULW  GHSR]LW ULL OD R XPLGLWDWH ULGLFDW  VH IDFH SULQ

vQWUHUXSHUHD FUHúWHULL WHPSHUDWXULL vQ PDVD QXWUH XOXL UHFXUJkQG OD YHQWLODUH ORS WDUH

UHSHWDW DHULVLUHODIRORVLUHVHRS UHVFFXDS vQFORFRWWLPSGHPLQ

¾ UHFXSHUDUHD QXWUH XULORU PXFHJ LWH VH IDFH SULQ VHSDUDUHD SRU LXQLORU GHJUDGDWH GH S U LOH

V Q WRDVH XUP ULQGX -se eliminarea mirosului de mucegai prin aerisire la soare sau chiar
VS ODUHILQDOL]DW SULQvQWLQGHUHODVRDUHSHQWUXXVFDUHúLDHULVLUH6HDPHVWHF FXQXWUH 

V Q WRV

¾ UHFXSHUDUHDQXWUH XULORUGHJUDGDWHvQSUH]HQ DS PkQWXOXLvQVSHFLDOU G FLQRDVHúLWXEHUFXOL

VH IDFH SULQ VS ODUH VDX URVWRJROLUH SH SODVH GH VkUP  IkQXULOH LQXQGDWH VH VFXWXU  VDX VH

VSDO SHQWUXvQO WXUDUHDSUDIXOXL

¾ UHFXSHUDUHD QXWUH XULORU vQJKH DWH U G FLQRDVH WXEHUFXOLIHUH VH IDFH SULQ GH]JKH DUHD

]LOQLF  D FDQWLW LORU QHFHVDUH SHQWUX R ]L vQ ED]LQH FX DS  UHFH WUHSWDW WLPS GH  -6 ore.
'XS  GH]JKH DUH VH ILHUE úL VH GDX vQ FRQVXP DPHVWHFDWH FX DOWH QXWUH XUL PDL DOHV FX

fibroase;
¾ recuperarea reziduurilor menDMHUHFDUHFRQ LQFRMLGHFDUWRILUHVWXULGHOHJXPHSkLQHUHVWXUL
GHODFDQWLQHVHIDFHGXS RSUHDODELO UHFRQGL LRQDUHHOLPLQDUHDRDVHORUILHUEHUHDWLPSGH

RU DSRLVHDPHVWHF FXQXWUH XULFRPELQDWHúLVHGDXvQKUDQDSRUFLORUODvQJU úDW

 FIG. 4.1. PROCESUL TE+12/2*,&'(2% ,1(5( A NUTRETURILOR COMBINATE.
FLUXURI:
- GHSR]LWDUHGR]DUHWUDQVSRUWúLDPHVWHFDUHDW Uk HLFXFHOHODOWHFRPSRQHQWHDOHQXWUH XOXLFRPELQDW
- GHSR]LWDUHGR]DUHWUDQVSRUWDPHVWHFDUHúLP FLQDUHDERDEHORUúLDPHVWHFDUHDI LQLLGHERDEHFXFHOHODOWHFRPSRQHQWHDOHQXWUH XOXLFRPELQDW
- GHSR]LWDUHGR]DUHDPHVWHFDUHPLFURHOHPHQWHWUDQVSRUWúLDPHVWHFDUHILQDO FXFHOHODOWHFRPSRQHQWHW Uk úLI LQ GHERDEH
- GHSR]LWDUHGR]DUHúLDPHVWHFDUHDPLFURHOHPHQWHORUFXLQJUedientele;
- DPHVWHFDUHDILQDO DW Uk HLI LQHLGHIkQLQJUHGLHQWHORUúLPLFURHOHPHQWHORUvQYHGHUHDRE LQHULLI LQLLGHIkQ
1-EXQF UW Uk H-GR]DWRUW Uk HúL–EXQF UHWDPSRQ-WDEORXULFHQWUDOHGHFRPDQG -transportoare melc sau radler; 6-EXQF UH
boabe; 7-dozator boabe; 11-EXQF UH LQJUHGLHQWH -F UXFLRU GH GR]DUH -DPHVWHF WRDUH RUL]RQWDOH FX SDOHWH  úL  – elevatoare; 19-
GLVWULEXLWRU FX  F L -DPHVWHF WRDUH YHUWLFDO  FX PHOF -GLVWULEXLWRU FX  F L -mori cu ciocane; 24-FLFORDQH GH I LQ  -ecluze; 27-obturator;

28-EXQF UHWDPSRQ
 6
(YDOXDUHDFDQWLWDWLY DQXWUH XULORU

CubajulVHIDFHSHQWUXGHSR]LWHOHVDXVWRFXULOHGHQXWUH XULSHFDWHJRULLGHQXWUH XUL

A. Concentratele VHFkQW UHVFGLUHFWFkQd sunt depozitate în magazii sau silozuri se face
FXEDUHD6HGHWHUPLQ PDL vQWkLYROXPXOVSD LXOXLGHGHSR]LWDUHFDUHVHvQPXO HúWH FXJUHXWDWHD

VSHFLILF DQXWUH XOXLGHSR]LWDW

V= Ab x I,
în care:
V = volumul, m3;
Ab = aria bazei,m2;
I vQ O LPHDSkQ ODFDUHVXQWDúH]DWHFRQFHQWUDWHOHP

Ab = L x l sau Ab = π x R2,
în care:
L = lungimea, m;
l O LPHDP

R UD]DGDF VLOR]XOHVWHFLOLQGULFP

*UHXWDWHDVSHFLILF DXQRUFRQFHQWUDWHHVWHXUP WRDUHD

- porumb - 800 kg / m3 ;
-VHFDU  - 740 kg / m3 ;
- orz - 640 kg / m3 ;
-RY ] - 470 kg / m3 ;
-PD] UH - 780 kg / m3 ;
-W Uk H - 300 kg / m3 ;
- soia - 700 kg / m3 .
B. Fânul, paiele úL cocenii VH GHSR]LWHD]  vQ úLUH VDX VWRJXUL DYkQG IRUPH JHRPHWULFH

diferite.
Astfel: -SHQWUXúLUH - joase cu vârful rotund:
V = ( P x 0,52 – l x 0,44) L x l,
în care: 3 SHULPHWUXOSHVWHFRDP P

- mai înalte decât late, cu vârful rotund:

V = ( P x 0,52 – l x 0,46) L x l;
-MRDVHFXYkUIXODVFX LW
V = ( P x L x l) : 4;
- pentru stoguri -FXYkUIXODVFX LW
V = ( C : 6 ) ² x ( P : 2) ,
în care: & FLUFXPIHULQ DODED] P

-FXFLUFXPIHULQ HGLIHULWH
V = (P x 0,04 - C1 x 0,012) C2,
în care: & FLUFXPIHULQ DODVROP

& FLUFXPIHULQ DODvQ O LPHDXQGHVWRJXOH ste mai

bombat, m.
ÌQWDEHOXOVHSUH]LQW JUHXWDWHDYROXPHWULF DXQRUIXUDMHFHVHGHSR]LWHD] vQúLU VDX

VWRJFDUHGLIHU úLGXS WLPSXOGHGHSR]LWDUH+DOJD

6/R]LQF 'ûL&LXERWDUX/
 Tabelul 4.9
*UHXWDWHDYROXPHWULF DIXUDMHORU

Imediat
1XWUH XO GXS  DXS OXQL La 6 luni
recoltare
)kQGHEDOW 50 60 70
)kQGHOXQF 60 70 80
Fân de deal 60 80 90
Fân de trifoi 70 80 90
)kQGHOXFHUQ 70 80 90
)kQGHRWDY 80 90 100
Fân de borceag 60 80 90
Paie 50 60 70
3OHDY 40 50 60
Coceni de porumb 31 - -

C. 1XWUH Xrile suculente -FDUWRILVIHFO JXOLLQXWUH PXUDW VHGHSR]LWHD] vQVLOR]XULLDU

-
YROXPXO ORU VH FDOFXOHD]  GXS  IRUPD JHRPHWULF  D VLOR]XOXL  úL LQkQG FRQW GH JUHXWDWHD

medie/m3PDV vQVLOR]DW 
De exemplu: 1m3VIHFODIXUDMHU  = 700kg;
1m3 cartofi = 600 kg;
1m3masa verde = 325 kg;
1m3 porumb murat = 750 kg;
1m3 borceag murat = 750 kg;
1m3 morcovi = 700 kg.
&XQRVFkQG PRGXO GH FDOFXO úL IRORVLQG GDWHOH GLQ WDEHOH VH FDOFXOHD]  DQWLFLSDW VSD LXO

GHGHSR]LWDUHSHQWUXQHFHVDUXOGHKUDQ GLQIHUP .

0HFDQL]DUHDvQEXF W ULDIXUDMHU

,QVWDOD LLOH XWLODMHOH úL PDúLQLOH IRORVLWH DX FD VFRS vPEXQ W LUHD FDOLW LL IXUDMHORU

VSRULUHDGLJHVWLELOLW LLDFHVWRUDXúXUDUHDPXQFLL

În continuare VXQW SUH]HQWDWH XWLODMHOH úL LQVWDOD LLOH QRL GLQ GRWDUHD IHUPHORU ]RRWHKQLFH

DúDFXPOHSUH]LQW SURGXF WRULLvQQRWL HOHWHKQLFH

 0$ù,1$'('(),%5$7ù,72&$7)85$-( 02$5$'(0 &,1$7&(5($/(7,300&

DTD 1
0 FLQDUH

0DúLQD HVWH GHVWLQDW  JRVSRG ULLORU PLFL SHQWUX RE LQHUHD GH DP ODL VLW ‘
- –SURGXFWLYLWDWHNJRU 
IXUDMHP UXQ LWHGLQWXOSLQLGHSRUXPEIORDUHDVRDUHOXLOXFHUQ VIHFO  EXUXLDO SRUXPEERDEH –VLW ‘–SURGXFWLYLWDWHNJRU 
FRU]LGHYL GHYLH FXUXLDO JUkXRU]RY ]ERDEH–VLW ‘–SURGNJRU 

Productivitatea : * 150 –NJWXOSLQLGHSRUXPERU  GXUXLDO úWLXOH LSRUXPE–VLW ‘– productivitateNJRU 

* 40 –NJOXFHUQ RU  H XUXLDO  FRFHQL SDLH OXFHUQ  úL DOWH WXOSLQL GH S LRDVH – VLW  ‘ 

* 70 –NJVIHFO RU SURGXFWLYLWDWHNJRU 

Elemente principale :
1. corp -FDUFDV H[WHULRDU
-FDUFDV LQWHULRDU
- motor
-FX LW
-VLW 
2. capac
3. dozator
4. pâlnie
5. picior

3UHOXFUHD] SURGXVHvQVWDUHXVFDW 

 ,167$/$ ,$3(17580 &,1$7)85$-(

02'(51,=$7

,QVWDOD LD SHQWUX P FLQDW ILEURDVH VH XWLOL]HD]  vQ ]RRWHKQLH SHQWUX SUHJ WLUHD KUDQHL DQLPDOHORU HIHFWXkQG P FLQDUHD QXWUH XULORU ILEURDVH D

FLRFDODLORUúLúWLXOH LORUGHSRUXPE

,QVWDOD LD VH FRPSXQH GLQ ³WUDQVSRUWRUXO GH DOLPHQWDUH´ FX EDQG   FDUH DUH SRVLELOLWDWHD PRGLILF ULL YLWH]HL SULQ YDULDWRUXO vQ trepte (2).
7UDQVSRUWRUXOHVWHFXSODWFX³PRDUDFXFLRFDQH´FDUHDUHFRQWUDE W WRUúLVLWHGHGLIHULWHGLPHQVLXQL0RDUDVHFXSOHD] GHYHQWLODWRUSULQWXEXO

GH OHJ WXU   /HJ WXUD GLQWUH YHQWLODWRU úL FLFORQ  VH IDFH SULQ WXEXODWXUD GH UHIXODUH  &LFORQXO HVWH VXV LQXW GH FRQVWUXF LD PHWDOLF   /D

SDUWHDLQIHULRDU DFLFORQXOXLHVWHPRQWDWVHSDUDWRUXOGHPDJQH L

Productivitatea :
¾ SHQWUXEDOR LGHSDLH –NJRU 

¾ SHQWUXWXOSLQLGHSRUXPENJRU 

¾ pentruúWLXOH L–NJRU 

¾ pentru cicalai: 1300 –NJRU 

 ,167$/$ ,(3(17580 &,1$732580%

&880,',7$7(5,',&$7

,QVWDOD LDHVWHGHVWLQDW SHQWUXP FLQDUHDSRUXPEXOXLFXXPLGLWDWHULGLFDW 

– 40 %.
0RDUDPDLSRDWHP FLQDúLDPHVWHFDE oabe-FLRF O L

&RQVWUXF LH WUDQVSRUWRUDOLPHQWDWRUFXEDQG 

-
-PRDU SHQWUXP FLQDWDPHVWHFERDEH-ciocalai.
Productivitatea morii : 6 – 10 t / h ( umiditate 45 – 50 %,
site Ø 6 - 8 mm ).
$OLPHQWDUHDHVWHPHFDQLF FXvQF UF WRUIURQWDO

(YDFXDUHDHVWHSQHXPDWLF FXGHIOHFWRURULHQWDELO
$*5(*$78/'(0 &,1$7)85$-(*526,(5(

A. 9HGHUHJHQHUDO
Elemente principale:
1. moara cu ciocane;
2. DF LRQDUHFRúDOLPHQWDUH
3. DF LRQDUHWUDQVSRUWRU
GHVF UF WRU

4. úDúLX

5. ODP DQWUHQDUH

6. FRúGHDOLPHQWDUH

7. WUDQVSRUWRUGHVF UF WRU

8. WDEORXGHFRPDQG 
 B. Fluxul tehnologic
0DúLQDHVWHGHVWLQDW P FLQ ULLSDLHORUWXOSLQLORUGHSRUXPEYUHMXULORUGHVRLDúLPD] UHSUHFXPúLDúWLXOH LORUGHSRUXPEDFLRF O LORU

porumbului boabe, etc.

0DúLQD GH PDUH FDSDFLWDWH SHQWUX P FLQDW JURVLHUH FX HFKLSDPHQW GH HYDFXDUH VH FRPSXQH GLQ úDúLX XQ PHFDQLVP GH FHQWUDUH úL VXV LQHUH D

FRúXOXL GH DOLPHQWDUH PRDUD FX FLRFDQH FRúXO GH DOLPHQWDUH PHFDQLVPXO GH URWLUH D FRúXOXL GH DOLPHQWDUH WUDQVSRUWRUXO GH HYDFXDUH LQVWDOD LD

HOHFWULF úLHFKLSDPHQWHOHGHOXFUXSHQWUXP FLQDUHDSDLHORUúLWXOSLQLORUGHSRUXPEDFLRF O LORUúWLXOH LORUúLERDEHORUGHFHUHDOH

Capacitatea GHOXFUXvQIXQF LHGHXPLGLWDWHúLRULILFLLOHVLWHL

¾ paie : 4 - 7,7 t/h ;
¾ IkQOXFHUQ - 7 t/h ;

¾ tulpini de porumb : 5,7 - 10 t/h .

,167$/$ ,$3(175835(3$5$5($)85$-(/25

ù,75$7$5($&81D2+

A. ,QVWDOD LLFRPSRQHQWH B. Agregatul în lucru

1. MTMF;
2. EXQF UFXSUHPL[úLDPHVWHF WRUGHPHODV 

3. LQVWDOD LHGHWRFDWU G FLQRDVH

C. Fluxul tehnologic complet
 0,-/2$&('(75$1632573(17581875( 85,

1. $872%81& 5 3(1758 )Æ,185, &8 '(6& 5&$5( 3. 5(025&  '( 7 3(1758 75$163257 )85$-(

0(&$1,& &21&(175$7( &8'(6& 5&$5((/(&75,& 3(1758

TRACTOR U – 1010 DT RTNC – 10

Capacitatea benei________________16,4m 6DUFLQDXWLO BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB ___10t
9ROXPXOEXQF UXOXLBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBP

Volumul unui compartiment

DOEXQF UXOXLBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBP

2. %81& 5 7$1'(0 3(1758 1875( 85, &20%,1$7(

4. AUTOBENA PENTRU TRANSPORT FURAJE VERZI
BTNC – 8
6DUFLQDXWLO BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBW
Capacitatea benei_________________14,4m
6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGHSHQGHQW 

1. Ce greutate are fânul de ..........., depozitat de......... luni într-R  úLU   FX YkUIXO URWXQG 

PDLvQDOW GHFkWODW FDUHDUHPSHVWHFRDP OXQJLPHDPúLO LPHDP"

2. Într-XQ VWRJ FX YkUIXO DVFX LW DYkQG FLUFXPIHULQ D ED]HL GH  P úL SHULPHWUXO SHVWH
coam PV-a depozitat fân de......... Ce greutate are fânul?