Chapter 29 - The Plane - Unlocked PDF

Chapter 29 - The Plane Vedontu,
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Exercise : 29.1
Page Number: 29.4

Question 1 .
Solution:
(i) The equation of the plane passing through points (2, 1, 0), (3, -2, -2) and (3, 1, 7) is given by
x - 2 y -1 z - 0
3 - 2 -2 -1 -2 - 0 = 0
3 - 2 1- 1 7-0
x- 2 y -1 z - 0
= > 1 -3 -2 =0
1 0 7
=> -21 ( x - 2 ) - 9 ( y - l ) + 3z = 0
=> -2 lx + 42 - 9 y + 9 + 3z = 0
=> -2 lx - 9 y + 3z + 51 = 0
=> 2 lx + 9 y - 3z = 51
=> 7x + 3y - z = 17
(ii) The equation of the plane passing through points (-5, 0, -6), (-3, 10, -9) and (-2, 6, -6) is
given by
x+5 y 0 z+6—
-3 + 5 10 - 0 -9 + 6 = 0
-2 + 5 6-0 -6 + 6
x+5 y z+6
= > 2 1 0 -3 =0
3 6 0
=> 18 ( x + 5) - 9 y - 18 ( z + 6) = 0
=> 2 ( x + 5 ) - y - 2 ( z + 6 ) = 0
=> 2x + 1 0 - y - 2z - 1 2 = 0
=> 2x - y - 2z - 2 = 0
(iii) The equation of the plane passing through points ( 1, 1, 1), (1, -1, 2) and (-2, -2, 2) is given
by
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Vedontu,
x-l V -l —
z 1
1-1 -1 - 1 2 -1 =0
-2 -1 -2 -1 2 -1
—
x 1 y 1 z 1 — —
0 -2 1 =0
-3 -3 1
=> 1 ( x - l ) -3 ( y - l ) - 6 ( z -l ) = 0
=> x - l - 3 j + 3 - 6z + 6 = 0
^ x — 3j
> 6z + 8 = 0
-
( iv) The equation of the plane passing through points (2, 3, 4), (-3, 5, 1 ) and (4, -1, 2) is given
by
x - 2 y -3 z - 4
-3 - 2 5 - 3 1- 4 = 0
4-2 -1- 3 2-4
x-2 y -3 z - 4
-5 2 -3 = 0
2 -4 -2
-16 ( x - 2 ) - 16 ( > / - 3) + 16 ( z - 4 ) =0
=> ( x - 2 ) + ( _y - 3) - ( z - 4) = 0
=> x + y - z = 1
(v) The equation of the plane passing through points (0, -1, 0), (3, 3, 0) and (1, 1, 1 ) is given by
x-0 y + 1 z-0
3- 0 3 + 1 0 - 0 = 0
1 - 0 1 + 1 1- 0
x-0 y+l z-0

^ 3 4 0 =0
1 2 1
=> 4x - 3 ( y + l ) + 2z = 0
=> 4x - 3y + 2z = 3
Question 2.
Solution :
—
The equation of the plane passing through the points ( 0, 1, -1 ), (4, 5, 1 ) and (3 , 9, 4) is given by
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X-0 J+l Z+l
4 -0 5 + 1 1 +1 =0
3- 0 9 + 1 4 +1
x y +1 z + l
=^ 4 6 2 =0
3 10 5
=> lOx - 14 ( y + 1) + 22 ( z + 1) = 0
=> 5x - 7 ( y + l ) + 11 ( z + l ) = 0
=> 5 x - l y + 1 lz + 4 = 0
Substituting the last point (-4, 4, 4) ( it means x = -4; y = 4; z = 4) in this plane equation, we get
5 (-4 ) - 7 ( 4 ) + 11 ( 4 ) + 4 = 0
=> -48 + 48 = 0
^0 = 0
So, the plane equation is satisfied by the point (-4, 4, 4).
So, the given points are coplanar and the equation of the common plane (as we already found) is
5x - l y + 1 lz + 4 = 0.
Question 3.
Solution:
(i) The equation of the plane passing through points (0, -1, 0), (2, 1, -1), ( 1, 1, 1 ) is given by
x-0 y + 1 z -0
2 - 0 1 + 1 -1 - 0 = 0
1- 0 1 + 1 1 - 0
x y +1 z
2 2 -1 =0
1 2 1
=> 4x - 3 ( y + l ) + 2 z = 0
=> 4x - 3 y + 2 z - 3 = 0
Substituting the last point (3, 3, 0) (it means x = 3; y = 3; z = 0) in this plane equation, we get
4 ( 3) - 3 ( 3) + 2 ( 0 ) - 3 = 0
=> 12 -12 = 0
^0 = 0
So, the plane equation is satisfied by the point (3, 3 , 0) .
So, the given points are coplanar.
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( ii) The equation of the plane passing through ( 0, 4, 3), (-1, -5 , -3), (-2, -2, 1 ) is
x -0 —
y 4 z -3
-1 - 0 -5 - 4 -3 - 3 =0
-2 - 0 -2 - 4 1 - 3
x y - 4 z -3
= > -1 -9 -6 = 0
-2 -6 -2
=> -18JC + 10 (7- 4) -12 ( Z - 3) = 0

=> 9x - 5 ( y - 4) + 6 ( z - 3) = 0
=> 9 x - 5_y + 6z + 2 = 0
Substituting the last point ( 1, 1 , -1 ) ( it means x = 1; y = 1 ; z=- l ) in this plane equation, we get
— —
9 (1) 5 (1) + 6 ( 1) + 2 = 0
=> 4 - 4 = 0
=> 0 = 0
So, the plane equation is satisfied by the point ( 1, 1, -1).
So, the given points are coplanar.
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Vedontu,
Exercise : 29.2
Page Number: 29.7
Question 1.
Solution:
We know that the equation of the plane with a, b and c intercepts on the coordianate axes
is given by
x y z
— —+ +- = 1
a b c
Given that
a=2
b = -3
c=4
So, the equation of the required plane is
x y
2 -3 4
=> 6 x - Ay + 3z = 1 2
Question 2.
Solution:
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(z ) Equation of the given plane is

— —
4 x + 3 y 6 z 12 = 0
=> 4 x + 3 y - 6 z = 12
Dividng both sides by 12, we get
Ax 3
12
+
12 12
^,
( ~6z ) 12
12
Ax 3 y 6 z 12
^ 12 12 12 12
x y
— —
=> 3 + 4 +
We know that the equation of the plane whose intercepts
on the coordianate axes are a, b and c is
x y z , ,
—
- + + - = l ... ( 2 )N
a b c
Comparing ( 1 ) and (2), we get
a = 3; b = 4; c = -2
( ii ) The equation of the given plane is

2x + 3 y - z = 6
2x 3y _ z _ 6
~
+
~ ~ ~ “
6 6 6 6
x
l -'-w
y
=> -3 + —2 +
We know that the equation of the plane whose intercepts on the coordianate axes are a, b and c is
x y z _
f
/ \
-+ + - =!.. 2
a b c
Comparing (1 ) and (2), we get
a = 3; b = 2; c = -6
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( iii ) Equation of the given plane is

2x - y + z = 5
2x - y z 5
—5
+ ^- + =
5 5 5
— —
x y
=i>
-5 5 w
We know that the equation of the plane whose intercepts

on the coordianate axes are a, b and c is
£ + Z + £ = I .. . ( 2 )
a b c
Comparing ( 1 ) and (2 ), we get
a - — ; b = -5; c - 5
2
Question 3.
Solution:
Let a, b and c be the intercepts of the given plane on the coordinate axes.
Then the plane meets the coordinate axes at
A ( a, 0, 0 ) , B ( 0, b, 0 ) and C ( 0, 0, c )
Given that the centroid of the triangle = ( a , /?, / )
$ + 0+0 0+6+ 0 0+0+ c
=>
3 3 3
(«> P, ) r
a b c
( a , p, y )
3 ’ 3’ 3
a b c
— —
=> 3 = a, 3 = B, 3 = y —
=> o = 3«, b = 3 j3, c = 3y ... ( l )
77?e equation of the plane whose intercepts on the coordinate axes are a, b and c are
x y z
— + — +- = 1
a b c
x y
3a 3P 3 y
—
= 1 [From ( l )]
x y z
—— b
ct p y
+ =3—
Question 4.
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Vedontu,
Solution:
We know that the equation of the plane whose intercepts on the coordinate axes are a, b and c is
x
-+
a
—by + -cz = l 1
Given that the plane makes equal intercepts on the coordiante axes.
So, a = b = c
So, the equation of the plane is
y z
—ax a a
=1
=> x + y + z a ( i ) -
This plane passes through the point (2, 4, 6).
Substituting this point in ( 1 ), we get
2+4+6— G
=> a = 12
Substituting this in ( 1 ), we get
x 4- y + z = 12
Question 5.
Solution:
Let a, b and c be the intercepts of the given plane on the coordinate axes.
Then the plane meets the coordinate axes at
A ( a , 0, 0 ) , B ( 0, b, 0 ) and C ( 0, 0, c )
Given that the centroid of the triangle is ( l, 2, 3 )
d + 0+0 0+6 + 0 0+ 0+c
(1, - 2, 3)
3 3 3
a b c
n — —
~
(1, - 2, 3)
9
3 3 3
a , b
-2 - = 3
3 3 ’3
=> a = 3, 6 = -6, c = 9... (1)
Equation of the plane whose intercepts on the coordinate axes are a, b and c is
x y z
— —
+
a b
+- =1
c
x y
+ = l [ From ( 1)]
“
3 -6
—
6 x 3 y + 2x = 18
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Vedontu,
Exercise : 29.3
Page Number : 29.13
Question 1.
Solution:
We know that the vector equation of the plane passing through a point
a and normal to n is
r . n - a. n
Substituting a = 2 i - j +k and n = 4 i + 2 j - 3 k , we get

-\ * \ / -\
r . 4i + 2 j - 3 k 2i - j + k . 4i + 2 j - 3 k
/ v
*
\
=^> f . 4z + 2 j - 3 k = 8 - 2 - 3
»
\
=^ > r. 4 z + 2 j - 3 k = 3
Question 2.
Solution:
(z ) Substituting r x i + y j + z k in the given equation, we get
-\
—
x i + y j + z k . 12 / 3 y + 4 A: + 5 = 0
=> 1 2 x - 3 y + 4z + 5 = 0
( zz ) Substituting r = x i + y j + z k in the given equation, we get
-\
x i + y j+ z k . — z + j+ 2 k =9
=^> -x + y + 2 z = 9
Question 3.
Solution:
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Vector equation of XY-plane

This plane is passing through the origin whose position vector is
a = 0 and perpendicular to z-axis whose position vector is k .

So, the equation of the XY-plane is
r . n = a. n
=> r . k = 0 . k
^ r.k = 0
Vector equation of YZ-plane
a = 0 and perpendicular to x-axis whose position vector is i .

So, the equation of the YZ-plane is
r . n = a. n
=^ r . i = 0. i
>
=> f . i = 0
Vector equation of XZ-plane
a = 0 and perpendicular to y-axis whose position vector is j .

So, the equation of the XZ-plane is
r . n - a. n
=> r . j = 0. j
=> r . j = 0
Question 4.
Solution:
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( z ) The given equation of plane is

2x — y + 2z = 8
'
A f \ '
=^ > x i+ y j+ z k . 2 i- j+ 2 k = 8
J v
*
\
=> r . 2 i- j+ 2 k = 8, which is the vector equation of the plane.
(Because the vector equation of the plane is r . n=a . n )

( ii ) The given equation of plane is
x+ y - z = 8
-A ( A
“ \
x i+ y j+ z k . i+ j - k =8
/ v
/ - -\
=> r . z + j- k'
- 8, which is the vector equation of the plane.

( iii ) The given equation of plane is
x+ y = 3
*
\
=^> x i+ y j+ z k . i+ j+ O k = 3
J v
-\ -\
=^> x i+ y j+ z k . i+ j
/ V
=3
-\
=> r . i+ j = 3, which is the vector equation of the plane.
Question 5.
Solution:
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Since the given plane passes through the point (1, -1, 1)
and is normal to the line joining A (1, 2, 5) and B (-1, 3, 1),
r . n = a. n
Substituting a i - j +k and n - 2 i + j - 4 k , we get

*
\ r- - -A
r . -2 i + j - 4k i - j + k . -2 / + j - 4 k
y v
-\
=^> r . -2 i + j - 4 k -2 -1 - 4
-\
=^> r. 2i — j + 4k = -7
-A
=^> r. 2 i — j + 4k =7
For Cartesian form, we need to substitute
r = x i + y j + z k in the vector equation.

Then, we get
-A -A
x i+ y j+ z k . 2 i - j+ 4 k 7
/ v
=> 2 x - y + 4z = 7
Question 6.
Solution:
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Let a, (3 and y be the angles made by n with x , y and z-axes respectively.

Given that
a = (3 = y
=> cos a = cos fi = cos y
=> l =2 m = n2 , where l , m , n are direction cosines of n .
2
But l + m + n = 1
=> l 2 + l 2 + l 2 1
=> 3 / 2 1
1
=> l 2 = 3
1
=> / = S
(Since a is acute, 1 = cos a >0)
1 1 1 -\
Thus, n =\f 3 = i + y+ k
J} ‘ +
-JiJ + -J }
'\
(Using r r li + m j + nk )
r . n - a. n
Substituting a 2i + j -k and n i + j + k , we get

-\
r. i + j + k 2i + j - k . i + j + k
/ V
-\
=^> r . i + j + k = 2 + 1-1
/*
=^> r . i+ j + k =2
For the Cartesian form, we need to substitute
r = x i + y j + z k in the vector equation.

Then, we get
-\ - / -\
x z + j7 + z £ . / + j + k 2
/ v
=> x + .y + z = 2
Question 7.
Solution:
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The normal is passing through the points A (0, 0, 0 ) and B (12, -4, 3). So,
* \
n = A B =O B - O A —
121 4 7 + 3 k 0 z+ 0 7+ 0
^ = 12 z - 4 7 + 3 /c
Since the plane passes through ( 12, -4, 3), 5 = 1 2 z - 4 y + 3 A:

r . n = a. n
\Substituting a = i - j + k and n = 4 z + 2 j - 3 k , we get

-\ - \ -\
r. 12 / - 4 j + 3k 12 i - 4 j + 3 k
y
. 12 z
v
— 47+ 3k
- \
=> r. 12 z - 4 7 + 3 k = 144 + 16 + 9
-\
=^> r . 12 i - 4 j + 3 k = 169
- \
=> r . 12 / - 4 7 + 3 k = 169
Substituting r = xi + y j + z k in the vector equation, we get

-\ f -\
x i + y j + z k . 1 2 z - 4 y + 3 A: = 169
y v
=> 12x - 4 y + 3z = 169
Question 8.
Solution:
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r . n = a. n
Substituting a 2 i + 3 j + k and n = 5 z + 3 j + 2 k , we get

-\ -\ / -\
r. 5 z + 3 j + 2 k 2z + 3 j + k . 5z + 3 j + 2 k
y v
- \
r. 5z + 3 j + 2 k 10 + 9 + 2
/ *
-\
r. 5z + 3 j + 2 k = 21
Substituting r = xz + >> y + z k in the vector equation, we get

-\ / *
\
x i + y j + z k . 5 z + 3 j + 2 k = 21
/ v
=> 5x + 3 j + 2z = 21
Question 9.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
The normal is passing through the points O (0, 0, 0) and P ( 2, 3 ,- l ). So,

' \ ( -\
— —A
'
n =O P 2 z+ 3 j k - 0 z + 0 j+ 0 k 2 z+ 3 j ”
/ v
Since the plane passes through the point (2, 3 ,-1), 5 = 2 z + 3 j - k
5 and normal to n is
r . n = a. n
Substituting a 2 z + 3 j - k and n = 2 i + 3 j - k , we get

* \ -\ / -\
r . 2 / + 3 j- k = 2 / + 3 j- k . 2 z + 3 j- k
/ V / v
-\
=> r . 2 i+ 3 j - k = 4 + 9 + 1
A
\
=> r . 2 z + 3 j- k = 14
-\
=> r . 2 z + 3 j- k = 14
Substituting r = xz + j j+ z k in the vector equation, we get
-\ *
\
x i+ y j+ z k . 2 z + 3 j- k 14
/ v
=> + j^ = 14
2 x 3 - z
Question 10.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
The given equation of the plane is

2x + v - 2 z = 3
*

2x
MO
We know that the equation of the plane whose
intercepts on the coordianate axes are a, b and c is
— + — + — = 1. .. ( 2 )
a b c
Comparing ( 1) and (2 ), we get
3 -3
a= b = 3; c = —
2 2
Finding the direction cosines of the normal
2x + y - 2z = 8
/ ' \
=^> xi + yj + zk . 2i + j - 2k
/ v
8
- \
=^> r. 2 i + j - 2k 8, which is the vector equation of the plane.
(Because the vector equation of the plane is r . n=a. n ,
where the normal to the plane, n=2 / + j- 2 k . )

I n - V4 + 1 + 4 = 3
2 \. W 2 :
n _ 2 i+ j 2 k _ - —
So, the unit vector perpendicular to n = — -i + — j - — k
n 3 3 3 3
—2 , —1 , —2 .
-
So, the direction cosines of the normal to the plane are ,
Question 11.
Solution:
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The normal is passing through the points A (0, 0, 0 ) and B (3, 1 , - 1 ). So,
-\
ft = OP 3 i+ j - k
/
— v 0 z4 0 7+ 0 k
'
- 3 / 4- j - k
Since the plane passes through ( 1, -2, 5), a = i- 2 j+ 5 k

r . n = a. n
Substituting a = i - j + k and n = 4 i + 2 j - 3 k , we get

.\ - Z' -\
r . 3 i + j - k = i- 2 j+ 5 k . 3 z + j - k
y v
^v
/
*
\
=> r . 3 / + j- k = 3 - 2 - 5
* \
=^ > r . 3 /+ j- k = -4
* \
=^ > r . 3 /+ j- k = -4
Substituting r = x i+ y j+ z k in the vector equation, we get

. X X
\ '
x i + y j + z k . 3 i + j- k -4
/ v
=> 3x + - z -4
Question 12.
Solution:
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The normal is passing through the points A ( 1, 2, 3) and B (3, 4, 5). So,
A ( ' ' \
;z = A B =O B -O A 3 i+ 4 j+ 5 k - i+ 2 / + 3 £ = 2 z + 2 7 + 2 /c
y v
1+ 3 2 + 4 3 + 5
Mid-point of AB ( 2, 3, 4 )
2 2 2
Since the plane passes through ( 2, 3, 4 ) , a 2 i+ 3 j+ 4 k

r . n = a. n
Substituting a = i - j +k and n = 4 / + 2 j - 3 k , we get

-\ - \ -\
r . 2 z + 2 j+ 2 k 2 z + 3 y + 4 /: . 2 / + 2 7 + 2 /:
y v
* \
r . 2 z+ 2 7+ 2 k
*
— 4+6+8
* \
= > r . 2 i+ 2 j+ 2 k = 18
-\
=^ > r . 2 z"+ 7 + k = 18
* \
=^ > r . i+ y + k 9
Substituting r = x i+ y j+ z k in the vector equation, we get

-\ *
\
x i+ y j+ z k . i+ j+ k = 9
y v
_
=> x + y + z = 9
Question 13.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
(/) Let /i , and /2, be the vectors which are normals to the planes
—
x y + z = 2 and 3x + 2 y - z = -4 respectively.
The given equations of the planes are
x - y + z = 2; 3x + 2 y - z = - 4
/ - .\ / -\
=> x i + y j + z k . i y v
- j + k - 8; x i + y j + z k . 3 i + 2 j - k
y V
= - 4
i i — j + k ; n2 = 3i +2 j - k
Now, /2, . /22 i — j+ k y

. 3i + 2 j
V
—k — —
3 2 1=0
So, the normals to the given planes are perpendicular to each other.
-\
(« ) Let /2, and /22 be the vectors which are normals to the planes r . 2 i j+ 3 k —
~ \
= 5 and r . 2 z - 2 j- 2 k = 5 respectively.
The given equations of the planes are

*
\ -\
r . 2 i- j+ 3 k 5; r . 2 i- 2 j 2 k — 5
-\ -\
i 2 i - j+ 2 k ; n2 —
2 /- 2 j 2 k
- - -\ f -\
Now, ??, . n2 2 i- j+ 3 k . 2 i- 2 j- 2 k 4 + 2-6 = 0
y v
So, the normals to the given planes are perpendicular to each other.
Question 14.
Solution:
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Vedontu,

2 x + 2 y + 2z = 8
* \ / - \
=^> xi+ yj+ zk . 2 i+ 2 j+ 2 k = 8

/ v
*
\
=^> r . 2 z + 2 7 + 2 k = 8, which is the vector equation of the plane.
(Because the vector equation of the plane is r . n=a. /?,
where the normal to the plane, n=2 / + 2 j+ 2 k . )

~ ~
n = V4 + 4 + 4 = 2 3
\\ V
« _ 2 / + 2 j+ 2 k _ 11
So, the unit vector perpendicular ton = -rz
2 J3
+
1
+ k
p pJ
,
n S
So, the direction cosines of the normal to the plane are l =
V3
1
I
^ — 1
V3
/9
^
1
—
V/3 9
—
Let a, (3 and y be the angles made by the given plane with the coordinate axes.
Then,
1 1 1
l = cos a = ; m = cos j3 = = cos y -
=> cos a = cos J3 = cos y

=> a = f = y
So, the given plane is equally inclined to the coordinate axes.
Question 15.
Solution:
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Vedontu,

12x - 3 j; + 4z = 1
• v (
=^> —
xi+ y j+ zk . \ 2 i '5 j+ 4 k = 1
/ v
- \
=> r . 12 i- 3 j + 4 k = 1, which is the vector equation of the plane.
(Because the vector equation of the plane is r . n=a. n )
So, the normal vector, n = 12 /- 3 j+ 4 k

ii = Vl 44 + 9 + 16 = 13
« 12 / 3 / + 4 k
Unit vector parallel to n = —7 —
n 13
So, the vector of magnitude 26 units normal to the plane
= 26 x —
12 i 3 j+ 4 k
13
-\
= 2 121- 3 7 + 4 A:
= 24 /- 6 j+ Sk
Question 16.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
The normal is passing through the points A (4, - 1 , 2) and B (-10, 5, 4). So,
A ' \
n = AB =OB - OA -10 / +5 j+ 4 k — \ 4 i — j+ 2 k -14 i -\- 6 j+ 2 k
Since the plane passes through (-10, 5, 4), a = -10 / +5 j+ 4 k

We know that the vector equation of the plane passing through a point a and normal to n is
Since the plane passes through (-10, 5, 4), a j+ 4 k -10 / +5

Since the plane passes through (-10, 5, 4), a = -10 i +5 j+ 4 k

-\ f -\
— / \
—
r . \4 i+ 6 j+ 2 k = 10 / +5 j+ 4 k . -\4 i+ 6 j+ 2 k
J V
- \
=> r . -14 i+ 6 j+ 2 k = 140 + 30 + 8
=> r . -2 7 i- 3 j - k
//
= 178
- \
=^> r . 7 i- 3 j - k = -89
Substituting r = xi+ y j+ zk in the vector equation, we get

f -\
xi+ y j+ zk . 1 i- 3 j - k -89
y V
=^> l x - 3 y - z = -89
_
^> 7x - 3 y - z + 89 = 0
Question 17.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
The normal is passing through the points A (-1, 2, 3 ) and B (3, -5, 6). So,
A '
n = AB = OB - OA —
3 i 5 j+ 6 k - — z + 2 7+ 3 k - A i- 1 j+ 3 k
-1 + 3 2 - 5 3 + 6\
9 /
-3
Mid-point of AB _ _ _ 1,
2’2
_
? 9
2 / v 2 2
3 ; 9 ;
-3 9
Since the plane passes through 1 ^
2 2
,a= i
2
/+ ?
2
k 9 ^ —— —
r . n = a. n
Substituting a = i - j +k and n = 4 i- 1 j+ 3 k , we get

*\
:\ —3 ;/ + —9 k ]. “ - \
r . 4 i- 1 y + 3 k A i- 1 y + 3 k
2 2 J v
'
\
=> r . 4 i- 1 j+ 3 k = 28
Substituting r = x / + j j+ z k in the vector equation, we get

-\
x i+ y j+ z k . A i- l j+ 3 k = 28
y v
=^> 4x 7 jy + 3z = 28
-
=^> 4x - l y + 3x - 28 = 0
Question 18 .
Solution:
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r . n = a. n
Substituting a = 5 i +2 j -4 k and n = 2 i +3 j - k
(because the direction ratios of n are 2, 3, -1), we get
-\ / * \
r . 2 i +3 j - k -
5 i +2 j -4 k . 2 i +3 j k
y v
/ V
-\
=> r . 2 i +3 j - k 10 + 6 + 4
*
\
=^> r . 2 i +3 j - k = 20
For Cartesian form, we need to substitute r = x i+ y j+ z k

in this equation. Then, we get
- \ / -\
x i+ y j+ z k . 2 i +3 j - k = 2 0
y V
=^ 2x + 3_y
> - z = 20
Question 19.
Solution:
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The normal is passing through the points O (0, 0, 0 ) and P ( 1 , 2, -3 ) . So,

-\ \
—
'
ft = OP i+ 2 j 3 k — 10 i+ 0 j+ 0 k — i+ 2 j 3 k
“
Since the plane passes through P ( 1, 2, -3), a = i+ 2 j- 3 k

r . n = a. n
Substituting a = 2 / + 3 j- k and n = i+ 2 j- 3 k in the relation, we get

„ \ -\ -/ -\
r . i+ 2 j 3 k -
= i+ 2 j — 3 k . i+ 2 j- 3 k
y v y v
- \
=> r . i+ 2 j - 3 k = 1 + 4 + 9
- \
=> r . i+ 2 j - 3 k = 14
* \
=^ > r . i+ 2 j - 3 k - 14
Substituting r = xi+ y j+ zk in the vector equation, we get

* \ ' \
xi+ y j+ zk . i+ 2 j - 3 k 14
y v
=> x + 2 y - 3 z = 14
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Exercise : 29.4
Page Number: 29.19
Question 1.
Solution:
Given that
normal vector, n= i
Now, « = —nn = —k = —k1 = kj

k
The equation of a plane in normal form is
r . n = d ( where d is the distance of the plane from the origin )
Substituting n = k and d = 3 in the relation, we get
r. k = 3
Question 2.
Solution:
—
It is given that the normal vector, n= i- 2 j 2 k
- 2 j— 2 k i- 2 i- 2 k 1
—nn iVl — i —23 —23 k
'
Now, n = r = l
\ +4+4 3 3
The equation of a plane in normal form is
r . n = d (where d is the distance of the plane from the origin )

„ , . . ‘ 1 2 2‘ '
Substituting n = i—
3 3
j— —
3
k and d = 5
Here,
_ : ->
(i 2
r. - i
3 3 — :—
J -k = 5
3
Question 3.
Solution:
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2 x - 3 v - 6 z - 14 ... (1)
Now,
2 3
^22 + (-3)2 + (-6 )2 = V4 + 9 + 36 = V49 = 7
Dividing ( 1 ) by 7, we get
6
w
7 7 7
The Cartesian equation of the normal form of a plane is
lx + my + nz P ( 3)-- ’
where 1, m and n are direction cosines of normal to the plane and
p is the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane.
Comparing ( 1 ) and (2), we get
-3
7
—
direction cosines : / = , m = , n =
7 7
— and
length of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane , p = 2

'
Question 4.
Solution:
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/*
—
r . z 2 7+ 2 k + 6 =0
/ - *
\
=^> r . i -2
7 + 2 k = -6 or r . n = - 6, where n — i — 2 j+ 2 k
\ n \ = Vl + 4 + 4 = 3
For reducing the given equation to normal form, we need to divide it by | zz |.
Then, we get
n -6
r.
n n
/ - -\
i- 2 y + 2 k -6
=^> r . 3 3
=
_ i ; 2 \ 2 :- >
r .f — — —
^ 3 i 3 j+ 3 k = - 2
>
Dividing both sides by -1, we get

2 ‘ 1-N
'
1 '
r. 7+ — J -k
3 3 3
2 ( l) -
The equation of the plane in normal form is
r . n d ...( 2 )
( w hore d is the distance of the plane from the origin)
Comparing (1) and (2),

/ength of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane = d = 2 units
Question 5.
Solution:
2x - 3y + 6z + 14 = 0
2x - 3y + 6z = -14... ( l )
^ 22 + (-3)2 V
2
Now, + ( 6 ) = >/ 4 + 9 + 36 = 49 7
Dividing (1) by 7, we get
2 3
—x
1 1
yH —16 z -2
Multiplying both sides by -1, we get
—27 x + —37 y - —67 z = 2o

'
This is the normal form of the given equation of the plane.
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Question 6 .
Solution :
It is given that the direction ratios of the normal vector n are 12, -3, 4.
—
So, /7 = 12 i 3 7 + 4 k
n \ = -N/l 22 + (-3)
2
+ 42 +
= Vl 44 + 9 + 16 = 169 = 13
n 12 i- 3 ./ + 4
* _ 12 3
i + 2 AT
'
Now, n
/7 13 13 13 13
Length of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane, d = 5
Equation of the plane in normal form is
_= r
r.n = d
> r.
12 : 3
7+
\
k =5 —
*
13 13 13
Question 7.
Solution:
x + 2 j/ + 3z - 6 = 0
x + 2 y + 3z = 6
/ - -\
=^ > r. i + 2 j + 3 k 6 or r . n 6,
where n = i+ 2 y'+ 3 & ... ( l )

Now, |n| = Vl 2 + 22 + 32 = Vl + 4 + 9 = Vl 4
/+ 2 j + 3 k _ 1 ’
2 \
Unit vector to the plane, n = —n Vl 4 Vl 4
+
Vl 4 J Vi4
Question 8.
Solution:
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Let a, (3 and y be the angles made by n with x , y and z-axes, respectively.

It is given that
a = /3 = y
=> cos a = cos 13 = cos y
=> l =2 m = 2n , where l , m , n are direction cosines of n .
2
But l + m + n = 1
2 2 2
^ / +2 / + / = 1
=> 3 / = 1
2 1
= >/
3
1
=> / =
1
V—
So, / = m = fi
i
3
It is given that the length of the perpendicular of the plane from the origin, p = 3 V3
The normal form of the plane is lx + my + nz = p
1 1 1
X+ T+ Z 3V3
V3 V3
=> x + y + z
=> x + y + z = 9
Question 9.
Solution:
The normal is passing through the points A (1, 4, 2) and B (2, 3, 5).
/ - - - \ / - -x
So , n = AB =OB - OA = 2 i+ 3 j+ 5 k - i+ 4 j+ 2 k = i- j+ 3 k
We know that the vector equation of the plane passing through
a point (1, 2, 1) (a ) and normal to n is
r . n = a. n
To find the perpendicular distance of this plane from the origin,
we have to reduce this to normal form.
We have n = i- j+ 3 k\ n = Vl +T+ 9 = VTT

Dividing ( 1) byVlT, we get
„ f 1 '
. 1 '
. 3 :- \ 2
Avn ' vn vn2+
vn= , which is the normal form of plane (1).
T
2
So, the perpendicular distance of plane ( 1 ) from the origin = — =
vn j
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Question 10.
Solution :
Given, normal vector, n=2 i- 3 j+ 4 k
XT
’
==- =
—
n 2 z 3 j+ 4 k 2 z 3 / + 4 k
Now, n = —r = , 7=
— =—
2
l
3 \ ~
7= 7 + T= k
«| V 4 + 9 + 16 V 29 V 29 V 29 V 29
The equation of the plane in normal form is
r . n - d (where d is the distance of the plane from the origin)
^4
3 4 6
Substituting, n = = i ~
—,= 7\ + = k and d = —7= here, we get

1
29 V V29 V 29 V 29
2 3 - \
r . ~=
j
W 29 V 29
—
i 7= 7 +
V 29
=k =- ( l )
V 29
Cartesian form
For Cartesian form, substituting r = x i+ y j+ z k in (1), we get

\
2 ; 3
' \
«
4
"
6
x / + j j+ z k ? J =k
, V29 V29 V 29 V29
2x - 3 j2 + 4z _ 6
~
V
29 29 V
=> 2x 3 + 4z = 6
-
^
Question 11.
Solution:
2 x - 3 y + 4 z = 6 ... ( l )
Now,
^ 22 + ( -3)2 + 42 = V4 + 9 + 16 = V29
Dividing ( 1 ) byV29 , we get
V29—
3 x —V329= + 4 ^ , which is the normal form of plane (1).
V29= = V29
vz
So, //ze length of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane =
* ^
V29
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Exercise : 29.5
Page Number: 29.22
Question 1.
Solution:
/i = AB * AC
—*
B( 1/ 1 , 1 )
0-7/-3, -5 )
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Let A (1, 1, 1), B ( 1, -1, 1 ) and C (-7, -3, -5) be the coordinates.
The required plane passes through the point A ( 1, 1 , 1 )
whose position vector is a = i + j + k and is normal to the vector n given by

n = AB x AC .
"\ -\
Clearly, AB = OB - OA = i- j + k - i+ j+ k =0i -2 j +0 k
' \ / -
AC = OC - OA -7i - 3j - 5k - i+ j + k -S i -4 j -6 k
i j k
n = AB x AC = 0 0 -2 = 12 / + 0 j -16 k
-8 -4 -6
The vector equation of the required plane is

r . n = a. n
\ \ \
f
* *
= > r . 12 / + 0 j - 16 k i + j + k . \ 2 i + 0 j \ 6 k
/ V
—
- \
=> r . 4 3i - 4 k = 12 + 0 - 16
-\
=^ > r. 4 3 i -4k -4
*
\
=> r. 3 i - 4 k = -1
“ \
= > r . 3 z - 4 A: + 1 = 0
Question 2.
Solution:
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n = AB x AC
Q( /2, -3, 5 )
+
( 5 , 3 , -3 )
\
The required plane passes through the point P (2, 5, -3) whose position vector is 5=2 i +5 j -3 k
and is normal to the vector n given by
n = P Q x P R.
-
\ " \
Clearly ,P Q = O Q - O P = -2 i - 3 j + 5 k 2i + 5 j - 3 k = — 41 — 8 j +8k
*
' \ -\
PR = OR - OP = 5 z + 3 j - 3 k 2i + 5 j - 2 k - 3z — 2 j -0k
z j k
H = P Q x Pi? = - 4 -8 8 = 161 + 24 j + 32 k
3 -2 0

r. n = 5. /?
"
-\ *
\ / - \
=> r . 16 z + 24 y + 32 A: 2 i +5 j -3 k . \6 i+ 2 4 j+ 3 2 k
/ v
- \
=> r. 8 2 /+ 3 j + 4 k = 32 + 120 - 96
N
*
\
=> r . 8 2 /+ 3 y + 4 k = 56
' \
= > r. 2 z+3 y+ 4 k = 7
Question 3.
Solution:
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n = AB x AC
B(0A
•
( 0, 0, c )
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The required plane passes through the point A ( a, 0, 0) whose position vector is
5=a i + 0 j + 0 k and is normal to the vector n given by

n = AB x AC .
-A -\
Clearly, AB = OB - OA = 0i+ b j + 0 k a i + 0 j + 0 k = - a i+ b j + 0 k
- \ ~A
AC = OC - OA 0i + 0 j + ck a/+0 j +0k - ai + Oj + ck
i j k
n = /IS x tC = -a / b 0 = be i + ac j + ab k
-a 0 c

r . n - a. n
* \ -\ / - \
=> r . be i + ac j + ab k ai + 0 j + 0 k . be i + ac j + ab k
y V
-\
=^ r .
> be i + ac j + ab k = abc + 0 + 0
=> r . be i + ac j + ab k abc ... ( l )
j bc
^( )
2 2
+ ( ac ) + ( afe )
2
= \lb 2 c 2 + a 2 c 2 + a 2 b
For reducing ( 1) to normal form, we need to divide both sides of ( 1 ) byV& 2c 2 + c + a 2b 2 .
2 2
Then, we get
be i+ ac j -\- abk abc

which is the normal form of plane ( 1 ).
4b c 2 2 2 2 2 2
+a c +a b Vav + flV + a * 2 2 ’
So, the distance of plane ( 1) from the origin,
abc
P = 17 2 2 . 2 2 . 2 1 2 ’
Vo e + a c + a b
,
1 2 2 . 2 2 . 2.2
1 Vo c + ac + a b
P abc
1 b 2c 2 + aV + o 262
^P 2
a 2b2c2
1 1 1 1
^ P 2 a7 + b1 + c2
"
Question 4.
Solution:
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-. n = AB x AC
n6 i '
C( /4, -2, 3 )
Let A ( 1, 1, -1 ), B (6, 4, -5) and C (-4, -2, 3).

The required plane passes through the point A ( 1, 1, -1 ) whose position vector is
a = i + j - k and is normal to the vector n given by

n = ABx AC
*
\ -\
Clearly , AB - OB - OA = 6i + 4 j -5k - i + j- k = 5 i + 3 j - 4k
~\
AC = OC - OA -41 - 2 j + 3 A: - i + j - k - 5 /' - 3 j + 4 k
i J k
n = ABx AC 5 3 -4 0i + 0 j +0£ —0
-5 -3 4
So, the given points are collinear.

Thus, there will be infinite number of planes passing through these points.
Their equations (passing through ( 1, 1, -1) are given by
a ( x - l ) + b ( y - 1) + c ( z + l ) = 0 ... ( l )
Since this passes through B (6, 4, -5),

a ( 6 - 1) + 6 ( 4 - 1) + c (-5 + 1) =0
=> 5a + 3b - 4c = 0... ( 2 )
From ( 1 ) and (2), the equations of the infinite planes are
a ( x - l ) + b ( y - l ) + c ( z + l ) = 0, where5a + 3b - 4c = 0.
Question 5.
Solution:
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FV c.^ )
- fib *
-0
I -
h
-
c* « /] £
sf
L^ I
Let A (3, 4, 2), B (2, -2, -1) and C (7, 0, 6) be the points represented by the
given position vectors.
The required plane passes through the point A (3, 4, 2) whose position vector is
a=3 i +4 j +2 k
and is normal to the vector n given by
n = ABxAC .
- \ -\
—
Clearly, AB = OB - OA = 2 i 2 j - k - 3 / +4 j +2 k = i 6 j- 3 k
y V
——
-\ / -\
AC = OC - OA = 7 / + 0 y + 6
* - 3 z +4 y +2 A: = 4 / — 4 y + 4 it
/ v
i J k
n = ABxAC -1 -6 -3 -36 z - 8 j + 28 k
4 4
- 4

r . n = a. n
* \ -\ -\
=> r . -36 z-8 y + 28 A: = 3 / +4 j +2 k . -36 z- 8 y + 28 A:
/ v y v
* \
=> r . -4 9 i+ 2 j+ 1 k = -108 - 32 + 56
-\
=> r . - 4 9 / + 2 j+ 1 k = -84
-\
=^> r . 9 i+ 2 j+ 1 k 21
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Exercise : 29.6
Page Number: 29.29
Question 1.
Solution:
( / ) We know that the angle between the planes r .nx dx , r .n2 = d2 is given by
cos 0 = nvn 2
n\ n2
Here, «, = 2 i- 3 j+ 4 k , n2 = - i+ j+ 0 k
'
-\ / - - -N
So, cos 0 =
—
2 / 3 j+ 4 k
y
.
v
- i+ j+ 0 k
2 i- 3 j+ 4 k - i+ j+ 0 k
-2 - 3 -5 -5
V4 + 9 + 16 Vl + 1 + 0 V29 V2 V58
-1 -5
=> 0 = cos V58
( // ) We know that the angle between the planes r .nx - dx , r .n2 d 2 is given by
cos 0 = nx .n 2
nx n 2
Here, /2, = 2 i- j+ 2 k\ n2 = 3 / + 6 j- 2 k
-\
2/ — j+ 2 k . 3 / + 6 j - 2 k
/ v
So, cos 6 = ^ 2/ — j+ 2 k 3 / + 6 j- 2 k
6-6- 4 -4 -4
V4 +I + 4 V9 + 36 + 4 ( 3) ( 7 ) 21
-1 -4
=> ^ = cos 21
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( zzz ) We know that the angle between the planes r .zi, = d { , r .n2 = d 2 is given by
cos <9 = nvti2

n{ n2
Here, z2 j - 2 i + 3 j - 6 k ; n2 = i- 2 j+ 2 k
-\
2 i + 3 j- 6 k . i- 2 j+ 2 k
So, cos 6 -
y v
2 i + 3 j - 6 k i- 2 j+ 2 k
2 - 6 - 12 - 16 -16
> 6 = cos-i
^-16
^
4 + 9 + 36 1 + 4 + 4 ( 7 ) ( 3) 21
= 2i ;
Question 2.
Solution:
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(z ) We know that the angle between the planes

avx + b y + c z + dl = 0 and a x + b y + c z + d
{ { 2 ^ 2 2 = 0 is given by
cos 0 = axa + bxb + cxc 2 2 2~
V? + 6 + c, a22 + b + c22
^
2
j 2
So, the angle between 2x y + z = 4 and x + y + 2z = 3 is given by

-
( 2) (1) + (-1) (1) + (1) ( 2)

cos 0
^ Vl
2
22 + (- l ) + l
2 2
+ l + 22
2
2 -1 + 2 3 _3_1
V4 + 1 + 1 Vl + 1 + 4 V V 6 6 6 2
f 1 N
l
=> 9 = cos 2; 3
- l
( « ) We know that the angle between the planes

axx + bxy + cxz + d, = 0 and « x + 62y + c z + d 2 2 2 = 0 is given by
cos 9 = axa + bxb + cxc 2 2 2
yja + + c, yja22 + b
2 2
+c 22
_
So, the angle between x + y - 2z = 3 and 2x - 2 y + z = 5 is given by
2
_
cos 0 = «( ) «( 2 + -2 M-2) (1)
^ ^
2
l 2 + 12 + ( -2 ) 22 + ( -2 )2 + 12
2-2-2 -2 _ -2
Vl + 1 + 4 4 + 4 + 1 6 A/9 3 6 V V
-2
^
=> 9 = cos 1 3 6 V
( HI ) We know that the angle between the planes
a, x + bxy +cxz + dx = 0 and a x + b y + c z + d 2 2 2 2 = 0 is given by
cos 9= axa + bxb + CjC 2 2 2
yja + b + c y ]a + b + c
2 2 2 2 2
2
So, the angle between x - y + z = 5 andx + 2 y + z = 9 is given by
cos 6 =
(1) ( l) + (-l ) (2 ) + ( l ) (1)
^ l2 + (- l ) + l2 Vl 2 + 22 + l2
2
=
_2_ = 0
Vl + l + Wl + 4 + 1 V3 V6
=> # = cos (°> =
-1
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( zv ) We know that the angle between the planes

a{ x + b{ y + clz + dl = 0 and a^ x + b2 y + c2 z + d ^ = 0 is given by
cos 6 - axa
2 + b{ b2 + 2 cxc
yja22
^ 22
2 2 2
a +b +c + b2 + c
So, the angle between 2x - 3 y + 4 z = l and -x + y + Oz = 4 is given by
cos 9
^
!
-2 - 3 + 0
!
+ (-3) + 4 (- l ) + l + 0
V4 + 9 + 16 V1 + 1 + 0 V29 V2 V58
!
^ -
( 2 ) (- l ) + (-3) ( l ) + ( 4 ) ( 0 )
-5 -5
-1 -5
=> 0 = cos V 58
(v) We know that the angle between the planes
axx + bxy + cxz + dx = 0 and a x + b y + c2 z + d = 0 is given by
2 2 2
cos 9 = axa + bxb + cxc 2 2 2
yjax + ^ + c, yja22 + b + c
2
j
2 2
2 2
So, the angle between 2x + y - 2 z = 5 and 3 x - 6 y - 2 z = 1 is given by

( 2 ) ( 3) + ( l ) (-6 ) + (-2 ) (-2 )
cos 9 =
JV3 + (-6) + (-2)
^
J ! 2 !
+ 1 + (-2 )
6-6 + 4 4 4
V4 + 1 + 4 V9 + 36 + 4 (3) ( 7 ) 21
=> # = cos 1 4
21 ^
Question 3.
Solution:
( / ) We know that the planes ?.«, = <7, , r .«, = d2
are perpendicular to each other only if «, . «2 =0.
Here, « j = 2 i — j+ k\ n2 = — i — j+ k
Now,
-\ f -\
nx .n2 2i —v
j+ k
/
. - i- j+ k -2 + 1 + 1 =0
So, the given planes are perpendicular.
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( ii ) We know that the planes axx + bx y + cxz + dx = 0 and <7,x + Z+ y + e, z + <7, = 0

are perpemdicular to each other only if
axa + bxb + cxc
2 2 2 = 0.
The given planes arex - 2y + 4z = 10 andl 8x + 17y + 4z = 49.
—— —
=> L/J 1, bx 2, cx 4, a2 — 18, b2 17, c2 4 — —
Now,
a,a, + bxb2 + cxc2 (1) ( l 8 ) + (-2 ) (17 ) + ( 4 ) ( 4 ) = 18 - 34 + 16 = 0
So, the given planes are perpendicular.
Question 4.
Solution:
( z ) We know that the planes r .nx = dx , r .n2 = d 2
are perpendicular to each other only ifn, . «2 =0.
Here, n, = i + 2 j + 3 k ; n2 = Ai + 2 j 1 k —
The given planes are perpendicular.
=> nx .n = 0 2
-\ / -\
=> i + 2 j+ 3 k .
v
A i+ 2 j
/
- 1 k =0
^ A + 4 - 21 = 0
=> 2. -17 = 0
=> /1 = 17
( ii ) We know that the planes axx + bxy + cxz + dx = 0 and a~,x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0
are perpemdicular to each other only if
axa + bxb + cxc
2 2 2 -0
The given planes are 2x - 4 y + 3z = 5 and x + 2 y + Az = 5.
— ——
ax 2, bx 4 , Cj 3, a2 1, b2 2, c2 A — — — —
It is given that the given planes are perpendicular.
axa2 + bxb2 + cxc2 = 0
^ ( 2 ) ( l M-4 ) ( 2 ) + (3) (i ) = 0
=> 2 - 8 + 3 1 = 0 /
=> 32 = 6 ,
=> 2 = 2,
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( zzz ) We know that the planes axx + bxy + cxz + dx = 0

and a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + = 0 are perpemdicular to each other only if
axa -\- bxb
2 + CjC2 = 0
2
The given planes are 3x - 6 y - 2 z = 7 and 2x + y - Az = 5 .

=> ax - 3; = -6; c, = -2; = 2; b2 - 1; c2 = -/l
The given planes are perpendicular.
=> « jfl2 + bxb2 + cxc2 = 0
^ ( 3) ( 2 ) + (-6) ( l ) + ( -2 ) ( -A ) = 0
=> 6 — 6 + 2 1 = 0
/
=> 2 A = 0
=> 1 = 0
/
Question 5.
Solution:
The equation of any plane passing through (-1, -1, 2) is
a ( x + l ) + 6 ( y + l ) + c ( z - 2 ) = 0 ... ( l )
It is given that (1) is perpendicular to each of the planes 3 x + 2 y - 3 z = 1 and 5x - 4 y + z = 5.
Then,
3a + 2b - 3c = 0 ... ( 2 )
5a - 4Z? + c = 0 ... ( 3)
Solving (1), (2) and (3), we get
x + 1 y +1 z - 2
3 2 -3 =0
5 -4 1
=> 10 ( x + l ) - 18 ( y + l ) - 22 ( z - 2 ) = 0
-
=> 5 ( x + 1) + 9 ( y + 1) + 11 ( z - 2 ) = 0
=> 5x + 5 + 9 y + 9 + 1 lz - 22 = 0
=> 5x + 9 y + 1 lz - 8 = 0
Question 6.
Solution:
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The equation of any plane passing through ( 1, -3, -2 ) is

a ( x - l ) + Z> ( y + 3 ) + c ( z + 2 ) = 0 . . . ( l )
It is given that (1 ) is perpendicular to the planes x + 2 y + 2z = 5 and 3x + 3y + 2z = 8. Then,
a + 2b + 2c = 0... ( 2 )
3o + 36 + 2c = 0... ( 3)
x -1 y + 3 z + 2
1 2 2 =0
3 3 2
=> -2 ( x - l ) + 4 ( y + 3) - 3 ( z + 2 ) = 0
=> -2x + 2 + 4y + 12 - 3z - 6 = 0
=> 2x - Ay + 3z - 8 = 0
Question 7.
Solution:
The equation of any plane passing through the origin (0, 0, 0) is
a ( x - 0) + 6 ( y - 0 ) + c ( z - 0 ) = 0
ax + by + cz = 0... (1 )
It is given that (1) is perpendicular to the planes x + 2 y - z = 1 and 3x - 4 y + z = 5. Then,
a + 2b - c = 0... ( 2 )
3a - 4b + c = 0 ... ( 3)
Solving (1 ), (2) and (3), we get
x z y
1 2 -1 = 0
3 -4 1
=> 2x - 4 v - 1 Oz = 0
-
=> x + 2 y + 5 z = 0
Question 8.
Solution:
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The equation of any plane passing through ( 1 , -1 , 2) is

a ( x - l ) + 7> ( y + l ) + c ( z - 2 ) = 0... ( l )
It is given that (1) is passing through (2, -2, 2). So,
a ( 2 - l ) + 6 (-2 + l ) + c ( 2 - 2 ) = 0
=> a - b + Oc = 0... ( 2 )
It is given that (1) is perpendicular to the plane 6x - 2 y + 2 z = 9 . So,
6 a - 2b + 2c = 0
=> 3a - b + c = 0... (3)
JC —1 y +1 z-2
1 -1 0 =0
3 -1 1
=> -1 ( x - l ) - l ( y + l ) + 2 ( z - 2) = 0
=> -x + l - y l + 2z - 4 = 0
-
=> x + y - 2z + 4 = 0
Question 9.
Solution:
The equation of any plane passing through (2, 2, 1) is
a ( x - 2 ) + 6 ( y - 2 ) + c ( z - l ) = 0 ... ( l )
It is given that ( 1 ) is passing through (9, 3, 6). So,
a ( 9 - 2 ) + 6 ( 3 - 2 ) + c ( 6 - 1) = 0
=> l a + 6 + 5c = 0 .. . ( 2)
It is given that ( 1 ) is perpendicular to the plane 2x + 6 y + 6z = 1 . So,
2 a + 6 b + 6c = 0
= > a + 36 + 3c = 0... ( 3)
x-2 y -2 z -l
7 1 5 =0
1 3 3
12 ( x - 2 ) - 16 ( y - 2 ) + 20 ( z - l ) = 0
=> 3 ( x - 2 ) + 4 ( y - 2 ) - 5 ( z - l ) = 0
=> 3x + 4y - 5z = 9
Question 10.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
The equation of any plane passing through (-1 , 1, 1 ) is

—
a ( x + l ) + Z> ( y - l ) + c ( z l ) = 0 ... ( l )
It is given that (1 ) is passing through (1, -1, 1). So,
a ( l + l ) + 6 (-l - l ) + c ( l - l ) = 0
=> 2a - 2b + 0c = 0... ( 2 )
It is given that (1) is perpendicular to the plane x + 2 y + 2 z = 5 . So,
a + 26 + 2c = 0 ... ( 3)
—
x +1 y 1 z 1 —
2 -2 0 =0
1 2 2
=> -4 ( x + l ) - 4 (y-l) + 6 (z -l ) = 0
^ 2 ( x + l) + 2 ( y - l ) -3 ( z l ) = 0
-
=> 2x + 2 y - 3z + 3 = 0
Question 11.
Solution:
The equation of the plane parallel to the plane ZOX is
y = b ...( l ) , where b is a constant.
It is given that this plane passes through (0, 3, 0). So,
3= b
Substituting this value in (1), we get
y = 3, which is the required equation of the plane.
Question 12.
Solution:
The equation of any plane passing through ( 1, -1, 2) is
a ( x — 1) + 6 ( y + l ) + c ( z - 2 ) = 0 ... ( l )
It is given that ( 1) is perpendicular to the plane 2x + 3 y - 2 z = 5 . So ,
2 a + 3b - 2c = 0... ( 2 )
It is given that (1) is perpendicular to the plane x + 2 y - 3 z = 8. So,
a + 2b - 3c = 0 ... { 3 )
—
x 1 y +1 z- 2
2 3 -2 = 0
1 2 -3
5 ( x -1) + 4 ( y + 1) + 1 ( z - 2 ) = 0
5x - 4 v - z = 7
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Question 13.
Solution:
Substituting r = x i+ y j+ z k in the given equation of the plane, we get
( . .
..
. . . .
x i+ y j+ z k . i+ j+ k = 2
) v )
=> x + y + z - 2 = 0... ( l )
The equation of a plane which is parallel to plane ( 1 ) is of the form
x + y + z = £... ( 2 )
It is given that plane (2) is passing through the point ( a , b , c ) . So,
a +b+ c = k
Substituting this value of k in (2), we get
x + y + z = a + b + c , which is the required equation of the plane.
Question 14.
Solution:
The equation of any plane passing through point (-1, 3, 2) is
a ( x + l ) + b ( y - 3) + c ( z - 2 ) = 0 ... ( l )
It is given that ( 1 ) is perpendicular to the plane x + 2 y + 3z = 5. So ,
fl + 2 b + 3c = 0 ... ( 2 )
It is given that ( 1) is perpendicular to the plane 3x + 3 y + z = 0. So,
3a + 3b + c - 0 ... ( 3)
x +1 y 3 z-2 —
1 2 3 =0
3 3 1
=> -7 ( x + l ) + 8 ( y - 3) - 3 ( z - 2) = 0
=> 7 x - 8y + 3z + 25 = 0
Question 15.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
The equation of any plane passing through (2, 1, -1 ) is

a ( x - 2 ) + b ( y -1 ) + c ( z + 1] = 0... ( l )
It is given that (1) is passing through (-1, 3, 4). So,
a (-l - 2 ) + Z> ( 3 - l ) + c ( 4 + l ) = 0
=> -3a + 2b + 5c...( 2 )
It is given that ( 1) is perpendicular to the plane x - 2 y + 4z = 10. So,
a - 2b + 4c = 0 ... ( 3 )
—
x-2 y 1 z+ l
-3 2 5 =0
1 -2 4
=> 18 ( x - 2) + 17 ( y - l ) + 4 ( z + l ) = 0
^ 18x + 17 y + 4z - 49 = 0
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Vedontu,
Exercise : 29.7
Page Number: 29.33
Question 1.
Solution:
( / ) We know that the equation r = a + Ab + juc represents
a plane passing through a point whose position vector is a
and parallel to the vectors b and c.
Here, a = 2 i+ 0 j- k ; b = i ; c = i- 2 j k —
Normal vector, n = b x c
i j k
1 0 0
1 -2 -1
= 0 /+ j — 2 k
= j- 2 k
The vector equation of the plane in scalar product form is
r . n = a. n
f A
-\
=^> r. j 2 k — /
= 2 z + 0 j- k . j - 2 k
v / v
/ - - \
=^ r .
> j- 2 k = 2
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( zz ) The given equation of the plane is

r = (1 + 5' — / ) Z + ( 2 - 5' ) j+ ( 3 - 2 s + 2t } k
-\
= > r = i+ 2 j+ 3 k + s \ i j 2 k + t \ — — — i+ 0 j+ 2 k
We know that the equation r = a + s b + t c represents a plane
passing through a point whose position vector is a and parallel
to the vectors b and c .
Here, a z + 2 j+ 3 k\ b - i- j - 2 k ; c — z + 0 j\ 2 k
--
z j k
1 -1 -2
-1 0 2
= -2 z + 0 j- k
= -2 z- k
r . n = a. n
-\ /“
=> r . -2 z- k
y v
z + 2 j+ 3 k .
y
-
V
2 z- k
~ \
=^> r . -1 2 z+ k = -2 + 0 - 3
- \
=> r . -1 2 z + A: = -5
-\
=> r . 2 i+ k = 5
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( zzz ) We know that the equation r = a + Ab 4- / i c represents a plane

passing through a point whose position vector is a and parallel to the
vectors b and c .
Here, a = z + j+ 0 k ; b = i+ 2 j - k ; c = - i+ j- 2 k
z j k
1 2 -1
-1 1 -2
= -3 z + 3 y + 3 k
r . n = a. n
.\ / - -\ / \ *
=> r . -3 z 3
+ +y 3 A: j
= + +
/ Ok
y v y v
—
. 3 i+ 3 j+ 3 k
-\
=^> r . - 3 z + 3 j+ 3 k = -3 + 3
-\
= > r. 3 — z+ y+ k 0
-\
=^ > r . - z + j+ k =0
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( zv )
We know that the equation r = a + Xb + /Lie represents a plane
passing through a point whose position vector is a and parallel to the
vectors b and c .
*
Here, a = i- j+ 0 k ; b = z + j+ k ; c = 4 i - 2 j+ 3 k
z j k
1 1 1
4 -2 3
= 5 z + j- 6 k
r . n - a. n
A
\ -\ / A
\
=^> —
r . 5 z + j 6 k = z - j+ 0 k
y V y
.
v
5 z + j- 6 k
- \
r . 5 z + j- 6 k = 5 - 1 + 0
-\
=> r . 5 z + j- 6 k - 4
' \
=> r . 5 z + j- 6 k = 4
Question 2.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
r '
\ * \
(0 r i — j+ 0 k + s \ - i + j + 2 k \ + t i + 2 j + k
We know that the equation r = a + s b + t c represents a plane passing through

a point whose position vector is a and parallel to the vectors b and c .
Here, a = i - j + 0 k\ b = - i + j + 2 k\ c = i + 2 j + k
Normal vector, n - b x c
ij k
-1 1 2
1 2 1
= —3 i + 3 j — 3 k
r . n - a. n
' \ / - -
\ /
. —3 i + 3
-\
=> r . -3 / + 3 j - 3 k
J v
i - y+ Ok
y v
j —3k
/» - \
=> r . -3 i - j+ k = -3 - 3 + 0
=> r . -3 i - j+ k - 6
=^> r . i-j + k 2
For Cartesian form, let us substitute r = xi + yj + zk here. Then, we get

-\
x i + y j + z k . i - j+ k =2
y V
=> x - j; + z = 2
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Vedontu,
( // ) The given equation of the plane is
r = (1 + 5' + / ) / + ( 2 - 5 + / ) 7 + ( 3 - 25 + 2/ ) k
- «
\ - \ / - -\
=> r = /+ 2 7 + 3 A: + 5 i — j — 2 k + / /+ 7 + 2 k
i J k
1 -1 -2
1 1 2
= 0 /- 4 7 + 2 k
- -4 7 + 2 k
r . n = a. n
\ - \( \ ' *
7
—V
=> r . -4 7 + 2 k i+ 2 j+ 3 k . -4 7 + 2 k / V
-\
^> r . - 2 2 j- k = 0 -8 + 6
-\
=> r . - 2 2 j k — - 2
-\
2 j- k 1
For Cartesian form, let us substitute r = x i+ y j+ z k here. Then, we get

- \ * \
x i+ y j+ z k . 2 j - k = 1
7 v
2j z =1—
Question 3.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
( z ) The given equation of the plane is

r = ( /1- 2 // ) z + ( 3 - // ) / + ( 2 A -h // ) k
-\ -\
r — 0 z + 3 j -\r 0 k + /1 f z + 0 / + 2 k + //
\ "
—2 z — / + k
We know that the equation r = a + Ab + /Lie represents a plane passing through
a point whose position vector is a and parallel to the vectors b and c .
Here, 5 01+ 3 / + 0 b - j+ 0 y + 2 k ; c -2 i- j+ k
z j k
1 0 2
-2 -1 1
= 2 i- 5 j- k

r . n - a. n
' \ -\ -\
=^> r . 2 i- 5 j - k Oz + 3 j+ Ok
/
.
v
2 i- 5 j- k
-\
=^> r . 2 z- 5 j - k 0 -15 + 0
-\
=> r . 2 i- 5 j - k + 1 5 =0
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( // ) We know that the equation r = a + Ab + JJC represents a plane passing

through a point whose position vector is a and parallel to the vectors b and c .
Here, a = 2 i+ 2 j - k\ b = i+ 2 j+ 3 k ; c = 5 i - 2 j+ 7 k
i j k
1 2 3
5 - 2 7
= 20 / + 8 j-\ 2 k
r . n - a. n
-\ * \ / * \
—
=> r . 20 / + 8 y 12 A: = 2 i+ 2 j k . 20 /+ 87 12 /:
y v
— y v
—
( r *
=> r . 4 5 i+ 2 j- 3 k
yy
= 40 + 16 + 12
7 / *
=^ > r . 4 5 i+ 2 j- 3 k
yy
= 68
-\
=> r . 5 i+ 2 j - 3 k 17
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Vedontu,
Exercise : 29.8
Page Number: 29.39
Question 1.
Solution:
Let the equation of a plane parallel to the given plane be
2x - 3 y + z
This passes through ( 1, -1, 2).So,
- -
2 ( l ) 3 ( l ) + (2 ) = *
=> k = 7
2x - 3 y + z = 7, which is the equation of the required plane.
Question 2.
Solution:
" \
r . 2 i- 3 j+ 5 k MO
x i+ y j+ z k . 2 i 3 j+ 5 k
y v
— k
This passes through (3, 4, -1). So,
3 / + 4 j- k
/
.
V
—
2 z 3 j+ 5 k - k
^ k = 6 -1 2 - 5 = -11
A
\
r . 2 i- 3 j+ 5 k = -11
x
r . 2 i- 3 / + 5 k + 11 = 0, which is the equation of the required plane.
Question 3.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes is
2A- - 7 J> + 4Z - 3 + T ( 3X - 5 V + 4Z + 11 ) = 0 . . . ( 1 )
This passes through (-2, 1, 3). So,
4 7 + 12 - 3 + A ( -6 - 5 + 12 + 11) = 0
- -
=> -2 + 12/1 = 0
1
=> X = 6
Substituting this in ( 1), we get
2x - 7 j + 4z - 3 + —6 ( 3 JC - 5.y + 4Z + 11)=0
=^> 12 x - 42 y + 24z -18 + 3x - 5 jy + 4z + 11 = 0
=^> 15 x - 47 y + 28z = 7
Question 4.
Solution:
A
\ / - - \\
r . / + 3 j- k + /1 r . j+ 2 k =0
V v JJ
r . i+ { 2> + X ) j+ ( -\ + 2 X ) k = 0 . . . ( l )
This passes through 2 i + j - k . So,

-\
2 i+ j - k i+ ( 3 + X ) j+ { -\+ 2 X ) k = 0
2 + 3 + >i + l — 2 /1 — 0
=> A = 6
Substituting this in (1 ), we get
r . / + ( 3 + 6 ) y + ( - l + 12) Jfc = 0
* \
= > r . / + 9 7 + 11 k = 0
Question 5.
Solution:
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2 x + ( -l — A ) y + 3 A z = 0... ( l )
This plane is perpendicular to 4x + 5 y - 3z = 8. So,
2 ( 4 ) + (-1 - /1) 5 - 9/1 = 0 (Because a{ a2 + b{ b2 + c,c2 = 0)
^
^ 8 - 5 - 5 - 971 = 0
3
=> A 14
3 J 3
2x + -1 - T + 3 - z = 0
14 14
=> 28x -17 + 9z = 0
^
Question 6.
Solution:
x + 2 j + 3z - 4 + A ( 2x + y - z + 5 ) = 0
( l + 2A ) x + ( 2 + A ) y + ( 3 - A ) z - 4 + 5 A = 0... ( l )
This plane is perpendicular to 5x + 3 y - 6 z + 8 = 0. So,
5 ( l + 2 A ) + 3 ( 2 + A ) - 6 ( 3 - A ) = 0 ( Because a,a, + b b2 + CjC2 = 0)
{
=> 5 + 10 A + 6 + 3 t - 18 + 6 A = 0
/
=> 19 A - 7 = 0
7
=> A = 19
7 7 7 7
1+ 2
19 /7
x+ 2+
197
y+ 3 — 19;
z -4 + 5
19 /1
= 0
=> 33x + 45 j + 50z - 41 = 0

Question 7.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
.x _y + z + 3) = 0... ( l )
This passes through (0, 0, 0). So,
0 + 0 + 0 + 4 + /1 ( 0 - 0 + 0 + 3) = 0
=> 4 + 3 A = 0
-4
=> A 3
4
x + 2 y + 3z + 4 - — ( x - y + z + 3 ) = 0
=> -x + 1O y + 5z = 0
=> x - 10 j - 5z =0
Question 8.
Solution:
x - 3 y + 2 z - 5 + A ( 2x - y + 3z - l ) = 0... ( l )
This passes through ( 1, -2, 3). So,
1 + 6 + 6 - 5 + /1 ( 2 + 2 + 9 - 1)
=> 8 + 1 2 A = 0
-2
=> A 3
x - 3 y + 2z - 5 -
=> -x
=> x +
- Tjf -
+ 13 = 0
13 = 0
^ ( 2x - y + 3z - l ) = 0
=> r . i + 1 j + 13 = 0, which is the required vector equation of the plane.

Question 9.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
x + 2 v + 3z - 4 + T ( 2x + v - z + 5 ) = 0
( l + 2 A ) x + ( 2 + A ) y + ( 3 - X ) z - 4 + 5 A, = 0... ( l )
This plane is perpendicular to 5 x + 3 y + 6z + 8 = 0. So,
5 ( l + 2 /1) + 3 ( 2 + /1) + 6 ( 3 - A ) = 0 (Because axa2 + blb2 + qc2 = 0)
—
5 + 10 A + 6 + 3 A + 18 6 A = 0
=> 7/1 + 29 = 0
-29
=> A 7
1+ 2
-29
x+ 2-
29 ^i
y + 3+
29 i ^
z-4 +5
-29
=0
7 7 7 7
=> 5 lx - 15 j; + 50z - 173 = 0
-
=> 51x + 15 j - 50z + 173 = 0

Question 10.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
r . i + 3 j + 6 + X r . 3i — j -4 k //
0
r . (1 + 3 A ) i + ( 3 - A ) j - 4 A k + 6 = 0... ( l )
r . (1 + 3/L ) i + ( 3 - A ) j - 4 A k -6
r . (-1 - 3/1) i + ( A - 3 ) j + 4 A k 6
^
2 2
Dividing both sides by (-l - 3A ) + ( l - 3 )
/
“
+ 16 A , we get
(-1 - 3/1) / + ( A - 3) j + 4 A k
6
’
yj(
^
2 2
- l - 3/1) + ( A - 3) + 16 12 / ( -1 - 3A )2 + ( A - 3) + 16/12
2
which is the normal form of plane ( 1), where

6
the perpendicular distance of plane ( 1) from the origin
yj( -
2 2
1 - 3/t ) + ( A - 3) + 16/12
6
(Given)
^^
2 2
(-1 - 3/L ) + ( i - 3) + 16/12
2 2
(-1 - 32 ) + ( /l - 3) + 16 /12 = 6
=> 1 + 9 A + 6 1 +2
/ A2 + 9 - 6/1 + 1612 : 36
2
=> 26 A - 26 = 0
=> l = 1
/
2
=> 1 = 1 , — 1
/
Case 1 : Substituting A = 1 in ( 1 ), we get
r. 4 / + 2 j 4 k + 6 — =0
Case 2: Substituting A = -1 in (1 ), we get
r. —2 z + 4 y + 4 & +6=0
Question 11.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
2 x + 3 y - z + 1 + A ( x + y - 2 z + 3) = 0
( 2 + X ) x + ( 3 + A ) y + ( -l - 2 A ) z + l + 3 A = 0... ( l )
This plane is perpendicular to 3x - y - 2 z - 4 = 0. So,
3 ( 2 + A ) - ( 3 + A ) - 2 (-1 - 2 A ) = 0 ( Because axa2 + bxb2 + c c2 = 0)
{
^ 6 + 3A - 3 - A + 2 + 4 A = 0
=> 6 A + 5 = 0
-5
=> A 6
5 ^) („ 5 5 Yl -5
2 x+ 3 + -1 - 2 - z + 1 + 3 =0
6)
6
=> 7 X + 137 + 4z - 9 = 0
” 6 )) 6 )
Question 12.
Solution:
-
\
r .\ i+ 2 j+ 3 k -4+ —
A r . 2 i+ j k + 5 = 0
r . (1 + 2 /1) i+ ( 2 + A ) j+ ( 3 - A ) k - 4 + 5/1 = 0 . .. ( l )
This plane is perpendicular to r . 5 / + 3 j ~ 6 k + 8 = 0. So,
5 ( l + 2 /l ) + 3 ( 2 + /l ) - 6 ( 3 - /1) = 0 (Because axa2 + bxb2 + cxc2 = 0)

=> 5 + 10T + 6 + 3 1-18 + 6 1 = 0
/ /
=> 19 1- 7 = 0
/
7
=> A = 19
7 7 7 7
r. 1+ 2
19
*
/+ 2H
19;
y+ 3
19
k —4+5 19 )
=0
-v
=> r . 33 f + 45 j+ 50 A: - 41 = 0
A -\
=> x i+ y j+ z k . 33 z + 45 j+ 50 k - 41 = 0
/ v
=> 33x + 45 v + 50z - 41 = 0
Question 13.
Solution:
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' \
»
\ /« -\
xi + y j + z k . i + 7+ k
/ V *- ( i )
This passes through (a, b, c). So,
a i + b j + c k . / 4- j + k k
/ v
=> k a + Z + c
?

-\
x i + y j + z k . /+ y + k = a + b+ c
/ v
x + + z = a + £ + c, which is the equation of the required plane.
j>
Question 14.
Solution:
-\ -\
r. 2 i + j + 3 k -1+ A r. 2 i + 5 j + 3 k - 9 =0
v v
r . ( 2 + 2 /1) / + (1 + 5/1) j + ( 3 + 3 A ) k - 7 - 9 A = 0... ( l )
This passes through 2 i + j + 3 k . So,
2 j + y + 3 it ( 2 + 2A ) i + (1 + 5/1) j + ( 3 + 3 A ) k - 7 - 9 A = 0
=> 4 + 4 1 + 1 + 5 1 + 9 + 9 1 - 7 - 9 1 = 0
/ / / /
=> 9 A + 7 = 0
7
=> y = 9
-7 \ \ -7 \\ - 7\\ - -7
r. 2+2 i + 1+ 5 — / + 3+3
l —JJ *
-7-9 =0
^ 9 9 JJ l 9 9 J
\
=> r . 4 i - 26 7 + 6 k = 0
-\
=> r . 2 / -13 j + 3 k 0
Question 15.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
3JC - v + 2z - 4 + A ( x + y + z - 2) = 0... ( l )
This passes through (2, 2, 1). So,
6 - 2 + 2 - 4 + /1 ( 2 + 2 + 1 - 2 ) = 0
= > 2 + 3A = 0
-2
=> A 3
2
3 x - y + 2z - 4 - ~ (/ x + y + z 2 ) = 0
=> 9 x - 3 y + 6z - 12 - 2 x - 2 y - 2 z + 4 = 0
=> l x 5 y + 4z = 8
-
Question 16.
Solution:
x + y + z - l + A ( 2 x + 3 y + 4z - 5 ) = 0
(1 + 2 A ) x + (1 + 3A ) y + ( l + 4 A ) z - l - 5 A = 0... ( l )
This plane is perpendicular to x - y + z = 0. So,
1 + 2 A - 1 ( l + 3/1) + 1 + 4 A = 0 (Because a,a2 + b{ b2 + c,c2 = 0)
= > 1 + 2 A - 1 - 3A + 1 + 4 A = 0
=> 3 A + 1 = 0
-1
=> A = 3
-1\ \ 1
- -1 1
-
l —3 =0
1+ 2 x+ 1+3 - v + 1+ 4 z -1-5
3 JJ 3 JJ l // 3)
=> x - z + 2 = 0
Question 17.
Solution:
—
The equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the given planes isr ». i A +
jA + kA - 6 + X r-> . 2 iA + 3 jA + 4 kA + 5 = 0 r-». 1 + 2 X iA + 1 + 3A, jA + 1 + 4 X k A - 6 + 5 1 = 0 ...
IThis passes through i A + jA + kA. So,iA + jA + kA. 1 + 2k iA + 1 + 3A, jA + 1 + 4A,kA - 6 + 5 X = 0 =^
1 + 2> + 1 + 3X, + 1 + 4>L - 6 + 5A, = 0 => 14A, - 3 = 0 => X = 314Substituting this in (1), we getr >.
U —
—
1 + 2 314 iA + 1 + 3 314 jA + 1 + 4 314kA - 6 + 5 314 = 0 => r > . 20 iA + 2 3 jA + 2 6 kA — 6 9
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Exercise : 29.9
Page Number : 29.49
Question 1.
Solution:
We know that the perpendicular distance of a point P of position
vector a from the plane r . n = d is given by
a. n - d
P=
n
Here ,a = 2 i - j - 4 k ; n = 3 i - 4 j + 12 k ; d = 9
So, the required distance, p
-\ /
2 / - j- 4 k . 3i - 4 j + 12 k - 9
y v
3 / - 4 j +\ 2 k
|6 + 4 - 48 - 9|
V9 + 16 + 144
|-47|
13
47
units
13
Question 2.
Solution:
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The given plane is

'
A
r. 5i + 2 j 7 k + 9 = 0 —
*
\
=^ > r. -5 i- 2 j +7k =9
We know that the perpendicular distance of a point P of position
vector a from the plane r . n = d is given by
P =
5. /7 - d \
ft
Finding the distance from /- j + 3 A; to the given plane
Here ,a = i - j + 3 k\ n = - 5 / - 2 j + 1 k\ d = 9
So, the required distance p is given by
/* -\ (
i - j +3k .
) \
—5 i — 2 j + 7 k J - 9
P=
-5 / - 2 j + 7 k
5 + 2 + 21 - 9|
V25 + 4 + 49
|9|
V78
9
V 78
— units ... ( 1 )
Finding the distance from 3 i +3 y + 3 k to the given plane '
Here, ft = 3 / + 3 j + 3 k ; n = - 5 i - 2 j + 7 k ; d = 9
So, the required distance p is given by
/ - *
-\ /
. —5 i
-
\
3i + 3 j+ 3k
y v
— 2 j +l k -9
P=
3 /+ 3 j + 3 k
15 - 6 + 21 - 9|
V 25 + 4 + 49
'
9|
V78
%
= — = units ... ( 2)
V78
From ( 1) and (2), we can say that the given points are equidistant from the given plane.
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Question 3.
Solution :
We know that the distance of the point ( x, , y{ , zx )
from the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 is given by
|axl + byx + czj +
\ la 2 2
+ b + c
2
So, the required distance

|( 2 ) + 2 ( 3) - 2 (-5 ) - 9
^ lJ + 2J + (-2)2
2 + 6 + 1 0 - 9|
VT + 4 + 4
9
3
= 3 units
Question 4.
Solution:
The equation of the plane parallel to the given plane is
x + 2 y - 2 z + k = 0 ... ( l )
It is given that plane (1) is at a distance of 2 units from (2, 1, 1).
\2 + 2 - 2 + k\ 2
>/
2
l 2 + 22 + ( -2 )
2+ q
3
=2
=> |2 + k = 6 \
=> 2 + k = 6 ~, 2 + k = - 6
=> & = 4; & = -8
Substituting these two values one by one in (1 ), we get
x + 2 y - 2 z + 4 = 0 and
x + 2 y - 2 z - 8 = 0, which are the equations of the required planes.
Question 5.
Solution:
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We know that the distance of the point ( JC , , yx , z, )

\ axx
+ byx + cZj + d \
\ la
+b +c
2 2 2
Distance of the point ( 1, 1, 1 ) from the plane 3x + 4y - 12z + 13 = 0

The required distance
|3 (1) + 4 (1) - 12 (1) + 13
^ 32 + 42 + (-!2 )2
|3 + 4 - 12 + 13|
V9 + 16 + 144
8
=— units ... ( 1 )
13
Distance of the point (-3, 0, 1 ) from the plane 3x + 4y - 12z + 13 = 0
|3 (-3) + 4 ( 0) - 12 (1) + 13
^/
2
32 + 42 + ( !2 )
-
9 + 0 -12 + 13|
V9 + 16 + 144
8
—
13
units .... ( 2)
From ( 1 ) and (2), we can say that the given points are equidistant from the given plane.
Question 6.
Solution:
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The equation of the plane parallel to the given plane is

x - 2 y + 2 z + k = 0... (1)
It is given that plane (1) is at a distance of 1 unit from (1, 1, 1).
|l - 2 + 2 + k \
=> =1
/ 2
> l + ( 2 ) + 22
2
-
1+ k
=> 3
1
=> |1 + | = 3 *
=> 1 + k = 3; l + k = - 3
=> £ = 2; £ = - 4
Substituting these two values one by one in ( 1 ), we get
—
x 2 v + 2 z + 2 = 0 and
v - 2 y + 2 z - 4 = 0, which are the equations of the required planes.
Question 7.
Solution:
We know that the distance of the point ( x, , y, , z, )
|ax, + byx + cz, + d \
Va 2
+ b + c
2 2
Equation of the xy- plane is z 0, which means Ox + Oy + z = 0

|0 ( 2 ) + 0 ( 3) + ( 5 )|
Vo + o
2 2
+i
2
5
1
= 5 units
Question 8.
Solution:
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The given plane is

-\
r. 51 + 2 j - I k + 9 = 0
*
\
=^> r . -5 i - 2 j + 7 k = 9
We know that the perpendicular distance of a point P of position vector a

from the plane r . n = d is given by
|a. n - d \
P = /7
Finding the distance from (3, 3, 3) (which means 3 / +3 j+ 3 k ) to the given plane
Here, a = 3 / + 3 j + 3 k\ n = - 5 i - 2 j + 1 k\ d = 9
So, the required distance p
-\
3 i + 3 j + 3 k . -5 i - 2 j + 7 k - 9
y v
3i + 3 j + 3k
15 - 6 + 21 - 9|
V25 + 4 + 49
-9
V78
9
= —;= units
V 78
Question 9.
Solution:
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We know that the distance of the point y{ z1 ) from the plane

9
ax + by + cz + d = 0 is given by
ax j + byx + cZj + a?|
\ la 2
+b +c
2 2
Distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the plane x-y+z+ =0

^
|l - l + l + t | /
vi 2
+ ( - i ) + i'
j
\\+ A\ units ... (1)

V3
Distance of the point (0, 0, 0) from the plane x-y+z+>.=0
|0 - 0 + 0 + t| /
>W 2
+ ( -i ) + n
2
units ... (2)
It is given that the product of the distances (1) and (2) is 5.

I1 + ^ l XM = 5
V3 V3
2
A + A 15 = 0 —
Question 10.
Solution:
Let ( x, y ) be a point which is equidistant from the given planes. Then,
|3x - 4 y + \ 2 z - 6| |4x + 3z - 7|
79 + 16 + 144 716 + 9
3x - 4 y + 12 z - 6 zz 4x + 3z - 7
+
13 5
=> 15x - 20 y + 60z - 30 = 52x + 39z - 91;
15x - 20 y + 60z - 30 = - 52x - 39z + 91
=^> 37x + 20y - 21z - 61 = 0; 67x - 20 y + 99z 121
Question 11.
Solution:
The given points are A(2, 5, -3), B (-2, -3, -3)
The equation of the plane ABC is given by
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x - x1 y - yi z - zI
x2 - x { y2 - v, z 2 - z, = 0
*3 -*i y - y\ z3 z i
“
*
—
x 2 y -5 z - (-3)
-2 - 2 -3 - 5 5 - (-3) =0
5 - 2 3 - 5 -3 - (-3)
x- 2 y -5 z + 3
=> -4 -8 8 0
3 -2 0
x- 2 —
y 5 z+3
=> 1 2 -2 =0
3 -2 0
=> -4 (x - 2) - 6 ( j- 5) -8 ( z + 3) = 0
=> 2 ( x - 2 ) + 3 ( >' - 5 ) + 4 ( z + 3) = 0
=> 2x + 3 y + 4z - 7 = 0
Distance between the point (7, 2, 4) and the plane 2x + 3 y + 4z - 7 = 0
Distance between the point (7, 2, 4) to the plane 2x + 3 y + 4 z - 7 = 0
2 x 7 + 3x 2 + 4 x 4-7
V 22 + 32 + 42
14 + 6 +16-7
74 + 9 + 1 6
29
V2 9
= V29 nnto
Thus, the required distance between the given point is V 29 units.
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Exercise : 29.10
Page Number: 29.51
Question 1.
Solution:
Multiplying the first equation of the plane by 3, we get

6x - 3 y + 9 z - 12 = 0
6x - 3y + 9z = 12 ... (1)
The second equation of the plane is
6x - 3y + 9z = -13... ( 2 )
We know that the distance between two planes ax + by + cz = dx
and ax + by + cz = d 0 is

,
Ja ^ 2
2
2
+b +c
——
2
13 — 12|
^ 62 + (-3)2 + 92
-25
736 + 9 + 81
25
Vl 26
5
units
3 Vl 4
Question 2.
Solution:
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—
2 x - 3 y + 5 z k ... ( l )
This passes through ( 3, 4, -1 ). So,
— —
2 ( 3) 3 ( 4) + 5 ( 1) = k
^> k = -11
Substituting this in (1), we get
2x - 3 y + 5z -11... ( l ) , which is the equation of the required plane.
The equation of the given plane is
2 x - 3 y + 5z 7 .. . ( 2)
We know that the distance between two planes ax + by + cz = dt
and ax + by + cz = d 2 is
|d2 — dx |
Ja
\
2 2
+b +c
2

7 - (-H )
-J 22 + (-3) 2
+ 52
-7 + 11
V4 + 9 + 25
—V 43 8 units
Question 3.
Solution:
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We know that the distance between two planes ax + by + cz - d }

\d 2
- dx |
and ax + by + cz = d , is
yja
+b +c
2 2 2
The equation of plane that is mid-parallel to the planes

2x - 2 y + z + 3 = 0 ... ( l )
2 x - 2 y + z + 9 = 0 ... ( 2 )
is of the form 2x - 2 y + z + k = 0 ... ( 3)
It means that the distance between (1) and (3) = distance between ( 1) and (2)
| * - 9|
=> xl \4 + 4 + 1
k -3
y /4 + 4 + 1
\k - 3\ = \ k - 9\
=> k 3 = k — 9 or k
- -3 = - ( k - 9)
=> 3 = 9 (false); k - 3 = - k + 9
=> 2A: = 12
=> k = 6
2x - 2 y + z + 6 = 0, which is the required equation of the plane.
Question
^
Solution:
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The given planes are

' \
r . i+ 2 y + 3 k = - 7
=> x + 2 y + 3z = - 7
Multiplying this equation of the plane by 2, we get
2x + 4 y + 6z = -14 ... ( l )
and
-\
r. 2 i + 4 j + 6 k -7
=> 2x + 4y + 6z = - 7... ( 2 )
We know that the distance between two planes ax + + cz = dx
and ax +
|af 2 |
+ cz = af 2 is
yja 2 + b 2 + c2
7 - ( -14 )|
V22 + 42 + 62
l7l
V4 + 16 + 36
7
units
V56
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Exercise : 29.11
Page Number: 29.61
Question 1.
Solution:
We know that the angle 0 between the line r a + X b and the plane r . n=d is given by
. b. n
sin 6= —
b n
Here,
b = 2 / + 3 j+ 4 k and « = /+ j+ k
-\
2 / + 3 j+ 4 k . i+ y + k
y V y 2 +3+ 4 9 3 V3
So, sin (9 =
2 / + 3 j+ 4 k i+ j+ k V4 + 9 + 16 Vl + l + l V29 V3 V29
3 V3 -1
=> 0 = sin V29
Question 2.
Solution:
The given line is parallel to the vector b = i - j + k and the given plane
is normal to the vector n = 2 i + j - k .

We know that the angle 0 between the line and the plane is given by
sin 6 = —bb . nn
/ - -\ /
i- j+ k . 2 i+ j- k
- \
y v
i- j+ k 2 i+ j - k
-
2 ~ 1-1 -n
,
V1 + 1 + 1 V 4 + 1 + 1
_
=> 0 = sin 1 ( 0) = 0
Question 3.
Solution:
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It is given that the line passes through A ( 3, - 4, - 2 ) and B (12, 2, 0 ) .
So, b = AB = OB -OA _
= 12 / + 2 / + 0 & — 3 z — 4 /- 2 k - 9 z + 6 j+ 2 k
The given line is parallel to the vector b = 9 i+ 6 j+ 2 k and the given plane
is normal to the vector n = 3 i- j+ k .

b. n
sin 6
b n
-\ / -
\
9 z + 6 j+ 2 k . 3 i- j+ k
v / v 27 - 6 + 2 23
9 i+ 6 j+ 2 k 3 i- j+ k +81 + 36 + 4 ^9 + 1 + 1 llVlT
-i 23
=^> 9 = sin 11 VTT
Question 4.
Solution:
The given line is parallel to the vector b = 2i - m j - 3 k and the given plane is
normal to the vector n mi + 3 j + k .

=
If the line is parallel to the plane, the normal to the plane is perpendicular to the line.
= > b _L n
b. n = 0
/ *
\
=> 2 z — m j -3k /
. mi + 3 j + k = 0
v
=^ 2m - 3m - 3 = 0
>
=^> -m - 3 = 0
=^> m = - 3
Question 5.
Solution:
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The given plane passes through the point with position vector
a = 2 i+ 5 j+ 7 k and is parallel to the vector b = i+ 3 / + 4 A: .

*
\
The given plane is r . i + j- k 7 or . cc
So, the normal vector, n — i+ j - k and d = 7 .

*
\
Now, 6. w i + 3 j + 4 k . i+ k l + 3- 4 = 4 - 4
j- =0
y v
So, b is perpendicular to n.
So, the given line is parallel to the given plane.
The distance between the line and the parallel plane . Then,
d = length of the perpendicular from the point a = 2 / + 5 j+ 7 k to the plane r . n = d
a. h - d \
d=
n
2 i + 5 j+ 7 k . i + j- k - 7
y v
i + j- k
2 + 5 - 7 - 7|
Vl + 1 + 1
7
units
Question 6.
Solution:
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“ \
The required line is peipendicular to the plane r . i - 2 j + 3 k = 3.
Therefore, it is parallel to the normal / + 2 j + 3 k .

Thus, the required line passes through the point with position vector
a = 0 / + 0 j+ 0 k and is parallel to the vector n = i - 2 j + 3 k .

So, its vector equation is
r= a+ An
/ - " \
=> r = 0 i + 0 j + 0 k+ A i - 2 j + 3 k
/ - \
=> r = 1 i - 2 j+ 3 k
/
Question 7.
Solution:
The equation of the plane through (2, 3, -4) is
a ( x - 2 ) + b [ y - 3) + c ( z + 4 ) = 0 ... ( l )
This plane passes through ( 1, -1, 3). So,
a (1 - 2 ) + b (-1 - 3) + c ( 3 + 4 ) = 0
=> -a - 4b + 1c = 0 ... ( 2)
Again plane (1) is parallel to x-axis. It means that plane (1) is perpendicular
to the yz-plane whose equation is x = 0 orl . jt + 0. y + 0. z = 0
=> a ( l ) + b ( 0) + c (0) = 0 ... (3) (Because a,a2 + b{ b2 + cxc2 = 0)
Solving ( 1), (2) and (3), we get
x-3 y -3 z + 4
-1 -4 7 =0
1 0 0
=> 0 ( x - 3) + 7 ( y - 3) + 4 ( z + 4) = 0
=> l y + 4z - 5 = 0
Question 8.
Solution:
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The equation of the plane through (0,0, 0) is

a ( x - 0 ) + Z> ( v - 0 ) + c ( z - 0 ) = 0
ax + by + cz = 0... ( l )
This plane passes through (3, -1, 2). So,
3a - b + 2c = 0 ... ( 2 )
Again plane (1) is parallel to the given line.
It means that the normal to plane ( 1) is perpendicular to the line.
=> a ( l ) + 6 (-4) + c ( 7 ) = 0 ... ( 3) (Because axa + blb + c c
2 2 { 2 = 0)
Solving ( 1), (2) and (3), we get
x y z
3 -1 2 =0
1 -4 7
=> x 1 9y -1 l z
-
=0
Question 9.
Solution:
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Let the direction ratios of the required line be proportional to a, b, c.

As it passes through (1, 2, 3), its equations are
x -1 y-2 z -3
a b c
/ - - \
It is given that (1) is parallel to the planes r . i j+ 2 k— 5
and r . 3 i+ j+ 2 k 6 o r x - y + 2z = 5 and 3x + y + 2z = 6
=> a - b + 2c 0- ( 2 )
3a + b + 2 z = 0... ( 3)
Solving these two by cross-multiplication method, we get
a b c
-2 - 2 6- 2 1+ 3
a b c
—
=> -4 = 4 4
a b
— — —
=> 1 = -1 = -1 = /l(sayJ )
=> a = A; b = - A; c = - A
Substituting these values in ( 1), we get
x -l y - 2 z -3
which is the Cartesian form of the required line.
1 -1
Vector form
The given line passes through a point whose position vector is
a = i+ 2 j+ 3 k and is parallel to the vector b = i - j + k . So, its equation in vector form is

r = a + Ab
/ - A
\ A
\
=> F = / + 2 j+ 2 k + A i - j + k
Question 10.
Solution:
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Let a, b , c be the direction ratios of the line of section of the given planes.
As this line lies on both the planes, their normals are perpendicular to it .
=> 5a + 2b - 4c = 0...( l )
2 a + 8 b + 2c = 0
=> a + 4b + c = 0... => ( 2 )
Using cross-multiplication method, we get
a b c
2 + 16 -4 - 5 20 - 2
a b c
^ 18 -9 18
a b c
=>—= =
2 -1 2
— —
So, the direction ratios of the line are proportional to 2, -1, 2.
Direction ratios of the given line are 4,-2, -5.
Now,
( 2 ) ( 4 ) + ( -l ) (-2 ) + ( 2 ) (-5 )
= 8 + 2 -10
=0
So, the line of section of the given planes is parallel to the given plane.
Question 11.
Solution:
Let a, b, c be the direction ratios of the given line.
Since the line passes through the point ( 1, - 1 , 2) is
x-1 L+l
a b
—
=> a = 2/1; b = A; c = 3 A
Substituting these values in ( 1 ), we get
——2 - = ^-+11 = ———

3
, which is the Cartesian form of the line.
Vector form
The given line passes through a point whose position vector is
a = i - j + 2 k and is parallel to the vector b 2i - j + 3 k.

So, its equation in vector form is
r = a+ Ab
-\ -\
i - j + 2 k + A 2i - j +3k
Question 12.
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Solution:
The equation of the plane through (2, 2, -1) is
a (x - 2) + i - 2) + c ( z + l ) = 0 .. (l )
.
This plane passes through (3, 4, 2). So,

—
a ( 3 2 ) + 6 ( 4 - 2 ) + c ( 2 + 1) = 0
=^> a + 2b + 3c = 0... ( 2 )
Again plane ( 1 ) is parallel to the line whose direction ratios are 7, 0, 6.
It means that the normal of plane ( 1) is perpendicular to the
line whose direction ratios are 7, 0, 6.
=^> 7a + 06 + 6c = 0 ( Becauseaxa2 + bp2 + c,c2 = 0)
Solving (1 ), (2 ) and (3), we get
—
x 2 y 2 z +1 —
1 2 3 =0
7 0 6
=> 12 ( x - 2 ) + 15 ( ^ - 2 ) - 1 4 ( z + l ) = 0
=^> 12x + 15 j ;- 14z - 68 = 0
Question 13.
Solution:
The given line is parallel to the vector b = 3 i j+ 2 k —
and the given plane is normal to the vector h = 3 / + 4 j+ k .
sin 6 = —bb . hh
-\ / -\
—
3 i j+ 2 k . 3 / + 4 j+ k
/ v
—
3 i j+ 2 k 3 /+ 4 j+ k
9- 4 + 2 7 7 V7
V9 + 1 + 4 V9 + 16 + 1 V
Vl 4 26 V2 V7 V2 VB V52
7
=> 0 = sin 52
Question 14.
Solution:
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The equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the given planes is
[ x - 2 y + z - l ) + A ( 2v + v + z - 8 ) = 0
=> (1 + 2T ) x + ( -2 + A ) y + {\+ £) z - l - 8 A = 0... ( l )
This plane is parallel to the line whose direction ratios are proportional to 1,2,1.
So, the normal to the plane is perpendicular to theline whosedirection ratios are
proportional to1, 2, 1.
=> (1 + 2 1) l + (-2 + T ) 2 + ( l + T ) 1 = 0
/
=> 1 + 2 A — 4 + 2 A + 1 + A = 0
=> 5 1- 2 = 0
/
f2
=> A = -5;
1+ 2
'2 V ^ 2) ) f f 2^ (2
x + —2 + - y + 1 + - z - 1 - 8 - =0
V 5/y 5 JJ 15 5J
=> 9v -8 j+ 7z - 21 = 0... ( 2 ) , which is the required equation of the plane.
Perpendicular distance of plane (2) from ( 1, 1, 1 )
N1) - 8 (1) + 7 (1) - 21

p + ( -8) + l
1 ! 1
-13
V194
13
units
Vl 94
Question 15.
Solution:
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The given plane passes through the point with position vector
a = /4- 7+ 0 £ and is parallel to the vector b = 3 z - y + 2 /c .

*
\
The given plane is r . 2 j+ k 3 or r . h=d
So, normal vector, n=0 i+ 2 j+ k and d —3

-A
Now, b . n 3 i- j+ 2 k . 0 i+ 2 j+ k 0-2 + 2 = 0
/ v
So, b is perpendicular to h.
The perpendicular distance from the given line to the plane is
d=
|a . h — d \
n
/ - - \
/ + j +0k . Oi + 2 j + k -3
/ v
0 / + 2 y + A:
|0 + 2 + 0 - 3|
Vo + 22 + l 2
1
units
Question 16.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
The given plane passes through the point with position vector a = i + j + k —
and is parallel to the vector b = 2 / 4- j+ 4 k .
The given plane is r . i + 2 j - k 1 or r . h d.
So, normal vector, h = i+ 2 j - k and =1

-\
Now, /2 2 / 4- j 4- 4 k . / + 2 j - k 2 + 2-4 =0
y V
So, Z? is perpendicular to /?.

So, the given line is parallel to the given plane.
\d. h -d
d=
n
' \ / - * \
— / 4- j + k
y
. /+ 2 j
v
—k -1
/ + 2 j- k
—1 + 2 — 1 — 1
Vl + 4 + 1
1
units
Question 17.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
The equation of the plane passing through the intersection

of the given planes is
( 3x - 4y + 5z -10 ) + A ( 2 x + 2 y - 3 z - 4 ) = 0
=> (3 + 2 1) x + ( -4 + 2 A ) y + ( 5 - 3 1) z -10 - 4 1 = 0... ( l )
/ / /
The given line is

x = 2 y = 3z
Dividing this equation by 6, we get
X y l
=
6 3 2
The direction ratios of this line are proportional to 6, 3, 2.
So, the normal to the plane is perpendicular to theline whose direction
ratios are proportional to 6, 3, 2.
= > ( 3 + 2 1) 6 + (-4 + 2 /1) 3 + ( 5 - 3 A ) 2 = 0
/
=i 18 + \ 2 A - 12 + 6 A + 10 - 6 A = 0
>
=> 12 A + 16 = 0
4 -
=> — 3
( -4 \ \ 4 Y| L J —4 - -4
3 + 2 — x + -4 + 2 -
T + 5-3 z -10 - 4 0
v 3 jj 3 JJ \ 3 3;
= > x - 20y + 27 z = 14
Question 18.
Solution:
The equation of the given lines are
r = [ i + 2 j - 4 k + A ( 2i + 3 j + 6&
r =
/ /V /V Z
'\
^
/ - 3 j + 5A: + p / + j - k
/ /V /V *
We know that the vector equation of a plane passing through a point a and parallel to b and c is
given by ( f - a ). =0 |fexcj
A A A -
» A A A A A A
Here, a = i + 2 j - 4 k , b = 2i + 3 j + 6 k and c = i + j - k
/\ *
z j k
b xc = 2 3 6 = -9 / + 8 j - k
1 1 -1
So, the vector equation of the plane is
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( F — a ) .{ b x c j = 0
-\ * \
=> r —\ —
i+ 2 j 4 k . -9 i+ S j- k = 0
-\ / - -\
—
=> r . 91+ 8 j- k = i+ 2 j 4 k .
/ v
— —9 + 8 j - k
i
=> r. -9 z + 8 j- k = lx (-9 ) + 2 x 8 + (-4 ) x (-l ) = -9 + 16 + 4 = 11
Thus, the vector equation of the plane is r .( -9i + 8 j - k } 11

The Cartesian equation of this plane is
xi + yj + ziy —
( 9/ + 87' fc 11
— W
=> -9 x + % y - z = 11
Now, Distance of the point (9, -8. -10) from the plane -9 x + 8 y - z =\ l
= Length of perpendicular from (9, -8. -10) from the plane -9 x + 8 y - z - 11 = 0
9 x 9 + 8 x (-8) - (-10 ) - ll
VHT + S+ H ) 2
-81- 64 + 10 -11
V81 + 64 + 1
-146
Vl 46
VI 46 units
Question 19.
Solution:
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The equation of the plane passing through the point (3,4, 1) is

—
a ( x - 3) + Z} ( j 4 ) + c ( r - l ) = 0 ... ( l )
This plane passes through (0, 1, 0). So,
a ( 0 - 3) + 6 (1- 4 ) + c ( 0 - l ) = 0
=> -3a - 3b - c = 0
=> 3a + 3b + c = 0 ... ( 2)
Again plane (1) is parallel to the given line.
It means that the normal to plane ( 1) is perpendicular to the line.
= ,
> a ( 2 ) + 6 ( 7 ) + c ( 5 ) = 0 ... ( 3) (Because axa2 + bxb2 + c c2 = 0)
Solving ( 1 ), (2) and (3), we get
x -3 y -4 z -l
3 3 1 =0
2 7 5
=> 8 ( x - 3) - 13 ( j> - 4) + 15 ( z - 1) = 0
=> 8x - 13 j + 15z + 13 = 0
Question 20.
Solution:
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x-2 y +\ z-2
Let
3 4
= A (say)—
> x = 3 A + 2 ; y = 4/1 - 1; z = 2 A + 2 ... (1)
^
Since (x, y, z) intersects the plane x - y + z - 5 = 0,
3 A + 2 - ( 4 A - 1) + 2 /1 + 2 - 5 = 0
=> 3/1 + 2 - 4/1 + 1 + 2/1 + 2 - 5 = 0
=> 1, = 0
/

x = 2 ; y = - 1; z = 2
So, ( x, y, z ) = ( 2, -1, 2 )
Finding the angle
The given line is parallel to the vector b = 3 i+ 4 j+ 2 k
and the given plane is normal to the vector n = i- j+ k .

We know that the angle 0 between a line and a plane is given by
sin 6 = —bb . nn
-\ /' -v
3 i+ 4 j+ 2 k . i- j+ k
/ v 3- 4 + 2 1
3 / + 4 j+ 2 k i- j+ k V9 + 16 + 4 vl + 1 + 1 V87
- i 1
9 = sin
V87
Question 21.
Solution:
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Let a , b , c be the direction ratios of the given line .

Since the line passes through the point (1, 2, 3) is,
jt -1 y~2 z -3
...(1)
a b c
-\
Since this line is perpendicular to the planer , z + 2 j -5k +9=0
or x + 2 y - 5 z + 9 0, the line is parallel to the normal of the plane.

So, the direction ratios of the line are proportional to the direction ratios of the given plane.
c
So, — =
1 *
2 -5
/1
=> a = A ; b = 2 A; c = - 5 A
x -l y +1 z-2
, which is the Cartesian form of the line.
1 2 -5
Vector form
The given line passes through a point whose position vector is a = / + 2 j+ 3k
and is parallel to the vector b i +2 j - 5 k . So, its equation in vector form is

r = a + Ab
/ -
z 2 j +3k + A i+2 j -5k
Question 22.
Solution:
The given line is parallel to the vector b = 2 z + 3 j+ 6 k and the given plane is normal
to the vector n = 10 z + 2 j -\\ k .

b. n
sin 0 = —
b n
' \ f *
\
y v
—
2 z + 3 j + 6 k . 10 z + 2 j \\ k
20 + 6 - 66 - 40 _ -8
2 i+ 3 j+ 6 k 10 / + 2 j 11 k — V 4 + 9 + 36 V100 + 4 + 121 ( 7 ) (15) 21
-i -8
=> 0 = sin 21
Question 23.
Solution:
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Let the direction ratios of the required line be proportional to a , b, c. It passes through (1, 2, 3). So its equations
x-l y-2 z -3
a t c
/ - \
It is given that (1) is parallel to the planes r . i- j+ 2 k 5
-\
and r . 3 / + j+ 2 k 6 o r x - y + 2 z = 5 and 3x + y + 2z = 6
Thus,
a - b + 2c = 0 ... ( 2 )
3a + b + z = 0 ... ( 3 )
Solving these two by cross-multiplication method, we get
a b c
-1- 2 6 -1 1 + 3
a b
— —
=> -3 = 5
^ = A(say)
=> a = - 3/1; b = 5A; c = 4 A
x-l y-2 z -3
-3 5
— , which is the Cartesian form of the required line.
Question 24.
Solution:
Direction ratios of the given line are proportional to 6, X , -4 .
Direction ratios of the plane are 3, -1, -2.
Since the given line is parallel to the given plane, the line is perpendicular
to the normal of the given plane.
=> ( 6) (3) + ( A ) (-l ) + H) (-2 ) = 0
=> 18 - l + 8 = 0
/
=> A = 26
Question 25:
Solution:
The general equation of the plane passing through the point (-1, 2, 0) is given by
a ( x + l ) + 6 ( y - 2 ) + c ( z - 0) = 0 ( 1)
If this plane passes through the point (2, 2, - 1 ), we have
o ( 2 + l ) + 6 ( 2 - 2 ) + c (- l - 0 ) = 0
=> 3a - c = 0 ( 2)
Direction ratio’s of the normal to the plane ( 1 ) are a, b, c.
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x -1 2 y + 1 z + 1
The equation of the given line is
1 -1
1
x-1 T + 2 z +1
-
This can be re-written as

1 1 -1
Direction ratio 's of the line are 1, 1, -1.

The required plane is parallel to the given line when the normal to this plane is perpendicular to
this line.
ax 1 + 6 x 1 + cx (-l ) = 0
=> a + b - c = 0 ( 3)
Solving (2) and (3), we get
a b c
0 + 1 -1 + 3 3 - 0
a b c
— —
^> 1 = 2 = -3 A ( Say )
=> a = A ,b = 2/1, c = 3 A
Putting these values of a, b, c in ( 1 ), we have
A ( x + l ) + 2/l ( y - 2 ) + 3A ( z - 0 ) = 0
=> x + l + 2y - 4 + 3z = 0
=> x + 2 jy + 3z = 3
Thus the equation of the required plane is x + 2y + 3z = 3
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Exercise : 29.12
Page Number: 29.65
Question 1.
Solution:
( i ) The equation of the line through the points (5, 1, 6) and (3, 4, 1) is
,
x - 5 _ y -1 _ z - 6
“ ~~
3-5 4 -1 1 - 6
x-5 y -1 z -6
=> -2 3 -5
The coordinates of any point on this line are of the form
x -5 y -1 z - 6
-2
= A
3 -5
—
=> x = - 2/1 + 5; y = 3A + 1; z - 5/1 + 6
So, the coordinates of the point on the given line are (-2 /1 + 5, 3 A + 1, - 5 A + 6 ) .
Since this point lies on the YZ- plane,
x=0
=> -2 A + 5 = 0
5
=> A3 =
2
—
So ,the coordinates of the point are
(-2/1 + 5, 3Z + 1, - 5/1 + 6 )
-2 - + 5, 3 - + 1, - 5
5) +6
V v2 j v 2y 2)
0, —
2 2
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( ZJ ) The equation of the line through the points (5 , 1 , 6 ) and (3, 4, 1 ) is

—
x 5_ y l_z 6
~ ~
3 - 5 4 -1 1 - 6
— —
x - 5 _ y -1 _ z 6 —
=> -2 3 -5 “ ~

x -5 _ y - l _ z - 6
A
-2 3 -5
=> x = -2 A + 5; y = 3/1+ 1; z = -5/1 + 6
So, the coordinates of the point on the given line are (-2 /1 + 5, 3 A + 1, - 5 A + 6 ) .
Since this point lies on the ZX - plane,
y=0
=> 3Z + 1 = 0
1
-
=> A = 3
S o ,t h ecoordinates of the point are
( —2 A + 5, 3Z + 1, — 5A + 6 )
-1 -1 -1
-2 - + 5, 3 -5 +6
3 J Tn 3 J
"3 , o, ^3
Question 2.
Solution:
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The equation of the line through the points ( 3, -4, -5 ) and ( 2, -3 , 1 ) is

JC 3 y+4 _ z +5
~~ ~~
2-3 -3 + 4 1+ 5
x 3
=> -1 — y+ 4 z+5
1 6
x -3 _ y + 4 _ z + 5
/1
-1 1 6
=> x - - A + 3; y = /1- 4; z 6/1 - 5
=> 5/1 = 10
A=2
(-/1 + 3, 1- 4, 6 1- 5)
/ /
= (-2 + 3, 2 - 4, 6 ( 2 ) - 5 )
= ( 1, - 2, 7 )
Question 3.
Solution:
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The given equation of the line is

'
A
—
r = 2 i j+ 2 k + A 3 / + 4 jf + 2 A ^
=^ r = ( 2 + 3 1) / + (
> /1 + 4/1) 7 + ( 2 + 2 /1) k
-
The coordinates of any point on thisline are of the form
( 2 + 3/ ) i + (-1 + 4/ ) j + ( 2 + 2/ ) k . or ( 2 + 3/, -1 + 4/, 2 + 2/ )
Since this point lies on the plane r . i \ — j+ k 5,

- \
( 2 + 3/ ) i + (-l + 4Z ) y + ( 2 + 2Z ) k . i- j+ k = 5
=> 2 + 3/ + 1- 4/ + 2 + 2/ - 5 = 0
=> / = 0
So ,thecoordinates of the point are
( 2 + 3/ , - 1 + 4/ , 2 + 2 / )
= ( 2 + 0, -1 + 0, 2 + 0)
= (2 . - 1+ )
Distance between (2, -1, 2) and (-1, -5, -10)
7( 2 2
- l - 2 ) + (-5 + 1) + (-10 - 2 )
2
+9 + 16 + 144
13 units
Question 4.
Solution:
The equation of the given line is r = 2i - Aj + 2k + / 3i + 4 j + 2k
The position vector of any point on the line is
r = ( 2 + 3Z ) i + (-4 + 4Z ) j + ( 2 + 2Z ) £
^
If this lies on the plane r .[ i - 2 j + k\ = 0 , then
( 2 + 3/ ) f + (-4 + 4/ ) j + ( 2 + 2/ );t].( f - 2 j + ) = 0
=> ( 2 + 3/ ) - 2 (-4 + 4/ ) + ( 2 + 2/ ) = 0
^
=> 2 + 3A + 8 — 8A + 2 + 2A = 0
=> 3A = 12
A=4
Putting A - 4 in ( 1 ) , we get ( 2 + 3 x 4 ) / + (-4 + 4 x 4 ) j + ( 2 + 2 x 4 ) £ or
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A A ^
14i + \ 2 j + 10 /v as the coordinate of the point of the intersection of the given line and the plane.
.. , , A A A
The position vector of the given point is 2i +\ 2 j + 5 k

A A A A A A
Required distance = Distance between 14/ + 12 y + 10A: and 2i + 12 / + 5 k

= (\4i + n j + I 0k\ - ( 2i +\2 ] + 5 k
= 12i + 5 k
= Vl 22 + 02 + 52
= Vl 69
= 13 units
Question 5.
Solution:
The equation of the line passing through the points A (2, -1, 2) and B (5, 3, 4 ) is given by
x - 2 _ y - (- l ) _ z - 2
5 - 2 3 - (-l ) 4 - 2
x - 2 y +1 z - 2
Or
3 4 2
The coordinates of any point on the line
x - 2 y +1 z - 2
A, ( soy ) are ( 3 A + 2 ,4 A -\,2 A + 2 ) ( 1)
3 4 2
If it lies on the plane x - y + z = 5 , then
3/1 + 2 - ( 4/1 -1) + 2 1+ 2 = 5 /
=> 1 + 5 = 5
/
=> A = 0
Putting A = 0 in ( 1 ), we get (2, -1 , 2) as the coordinates of the point of intersection of the given
line and plane.
Required distance = distance between points (-1, -5, -10) and (2, - 1, 2)
/ 2
— 2
As ( 2 + l ) + ( 1 + 5 ) + ( 2 + 10 )
2
V9 + 16 + 144
Vf 69
= 13 units
Question 6:
Solution:
The equation of the line passing through the points A (3, -4, -5) and 6(2, -3, 1 ) is given by
—
x 3 y - ( -4 ) z ~ ( ~5 ) _
2 - 3 -3 - ( -4 ) l - (-5 )
Or —
x 3 y +4 z+5
-1 1 6
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The coordinates of any point on the line

x—3 y+4 z+ 5
A ( say ) are (-1+ 3, A - 4 , 6 A - 5)
-1 I 6
If it lies on the plane 2x+ y+ z= 7, then
2 (-A + 3) + ( A - 4 ) + ( 6A - 5) = 7
=> 51- 3 = 7
=> 51 = 10
=> A = 2
(1)
Putting 1 = 2 in (1), we get (1, -2, 7) as the coordinates of the point of intersection of the
given line and plane.
Required distance = Distance between points (3, 4, 4) and ( 1, -2, 7)
V(3 - 1)' + ( 4 + 2 ) + ( 4 - 7 )
J J
= V4 + 36 + 9
V49
= 7 units
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Vedontu,
Exercise : 29.13
Page Number: 29.73
Question 1.
Solution:
We know that the lines r = ax + Abx and r = a2 + nb2 are coplanar if
ax .\ bx xb 2 a2 .\ bxxbA and the equation of the plane containing them is

[ bx xb2 j = ax . ( bx xb2
Here,
ai = 0 z + 2 j- 3 k ; b, = i+ 2 j+ 3 k ; a2 = 2 i+ 6 j+ 3 k ; b2 = 2 i+ 3 j+ 4 k
i j k
bxxb2 1 2 3 = - i+ 2 j- k
2 3 4
-\ f -x
x &2 0 i+ 2 j- 3 k . - i+ 2 j- k 0+4+3= 7
/ v
a2 .\ bx xb2 2i + 6 j +3k . — i + 2 j- k - 2 + 12 - 3 =7
Clearly, ax . [ bx xZ>2 ) = a . [ bx xb )
2 2
Hence, the given lines are coplanar.

The equation of the plane containing the given lines is
r.
= ^ bx xb2 j = ax .{ bx x £>2 j
> r . - i+ 2 j - k 0i + 2 j -3k
-\
y
.
/
v
-
-i + 2 j - k
=> r. -i + 2 j - k =7
/ •
=> F. i -2 j + k +7 =0
Question 2.
Solution:
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We know that the lines

x - x i y - yi z z , — — and, x — x^ y - y2 _ z ~
— are coplanar if
/1 mi 4 m2 n2
*2 *1 ~ y\ Z2 ~ Z\
/1 /771
*1 =0
4 m2 // 2
x — xx
/i
y - yx
mi
z-z
ni
.
and the equation of the plane containing these lines is
0
4 m, «2
Here,
x, = -1; y = 3; z, = -2; x2 = 0; >>2 = 7; z2 = -7; /, = -3;
}
m i = 2; «, = 1; l2 = 1; m2 = -3; n2 = 2
Now,
0 + 1 7 - 3 -7 + 2
-3 2 1
1 -3 2
1 4 -5
-3 2 1
1 -3 2
1 ( 7 ) - 4 (-7 ) - 5 ( 7 )
= 7 + 28 - 35
=0
So, the given lines are coplanar.
The equation of the plane containing the given lines is
—
x +1 y 3 z + 2
-3 2 1 =0
1 -3 2
=* 0 + 1) 7) - h - 3) (-7 ) + ( z + 2 ) ( 7 ) = °
_
=> 7x + 7 y + 7z = 0
=> x + j + z = 0
Question 3.
Solution:
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Let the equation of the plane passing through (0, 7, -7) be

a ( x - 0 ) + b [ y - l ) + c ( z + 7 ) = 0... ( l )
x + 1 L-3 z + 2
The line passes through (-1, 3, -2) and its direction ratios
-3 2 1
are proportional to -3, 2, 1 .
Since plane ( 1) contains this line, it must pass through the point (-1, 3, -2).
=> a (-1- 0) + 6 ( 3 - 7 ) + c ( -2 + 7 ) = 0
=> -a - 4b + 5c = 0
=> a + 4b - 5c = 0... ( 2 )
Since plane (1) contains this line , it must be parallel to the line.
=> -3a + 2b + c = 0 ... (3)
Solving ( 1 ), (2) and (3), we get
x -0 y -1 z + 1
1 4 -5 =0
-3 2 1
=i 14x + 14 ( y - 7 ) + 14 ( z + 7) = 0
>
=> 14x + 14 v + 14z = 0

=> x + j + z = 0
Question 4.
Solution:
We know that the equation of the plane containing two given parallel lines
x - x1 y - yi z Z,
and ——
, X - X, y - y2 z - Z2
— IS
a b c a b c
x - x1 y - yi z - z1
*2 *i y2 y\ zi ~ z\ = 0
“
a b c
Here,
^/ ==14; ; myx == 3; 4z;, nx= 2-; 5x; =l 3=; 1;

j {
-
2
2
=
m2 =
- 2; z2
-
= 0;
4; n2 - 5
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Now,
x - 4 v -3 z- 2
3 - 4 -2 - 3 0 - 2 =0
1 -4 5
x - 4 y -3 z - 2
=> 3 - 4 -2 - 3 0 - 2 = 0
1 -4 5
=> -3 3 ( x - 4) + 3 ( ^ - 3) + 9 ( z - 2 ) = 0
=> 11 ( x - 4) - ( y - 3 ) - 3 ( z - 2) = 0
=> 1\x - y - 3 z — 3 5
Question 5.
Solution:
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Vedontu,
The equation of the given line is

x+4 v+6 z -1
3 5 -2
x+ 4 _ y+6 z 1 —
= A
3 5 -2
=> x = 3T - 4; y = 5/L - 6; z = - 2 A + 1
So, the coordinates of the point on the given line are ( 3/1 - 4, 5 A - 6, - 2 A + l ) .
Since this point lies on the plane
_
3x - 2 y + z + 5 = 0,
3 ( 3/1 - 4 ) - 2 ( 5 /L - 6 ) + (-2 /1 + l ) + 5 = 0
= > 9 /1 - 12 - 10 /1 + 12 - 2 /1 + 1 + 5 = 0
= > -3/L + 6 = 0
=> 2. = 2
( 3/1 - 4, 5/1 - 6, - 2A + 1)
=> 4 + 12 -12 - 4 = 0
^0=0
So, the point (2, 4, -3) lies on another plane too.
So, this is the point of intersection of both the lines.
Finding the plane equation
Let the direction ratios be proportional to a , b , c.
Since the plane contains the line

x+4 y+6
— 5
z 1
T
—
’
it must pass through the point (-4, -6, 1 ) and is parallel to this line.
So, the equation of plane is
_
a ( x + 4) + b ( y + 6) + c ( z - l ) O - .( l )
and
= ( 3 ( 2 ) - 4, 5 ( 2 ) - 6, - 2 ( 2 ) + 1)
= ( 2, 4, - 3)
Substituting this point in another plane equation 2x + 3 y + 4z - 4 = 0, we get
2 ( 2 ) + 3 ( 4 ) + 4 ( -3) - 4 = 0
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3a + 5b - 2c = 0... ( 2 )
Since the given plane contains the planes3x - 2 y + z + 5 = 0 = 2 x + 3 y + 4 z - 4 ,
3a - 2b + c = 0 ... ( 3)
2 a + 3b + 4 z = 0 ... ( 4 )
Solving (3) and (4) using cross-multiplication, we get
a b
13 v
-11 -10
’
Using ( 1), (2) and (5), the equation of plane is
x+ 4 y+6 z 1 —
3 5 -2 =0
11 10 -13
=> -45 ( x + 4) + 17 ( y + 6) - 25 ( z - l ) = 0
=> 45 ( x + 4) 17 ( j+ 6) + 25 ( z - l ) = 0
-
=> 45x -1l y + 25 z + 53 = 0

Question 6.
Solution:
-\ -\
The line r — z + j+ 0 k + A 2 i+ j+ 4 k ....( l )
passes through a point whose position vector is
a= i+ j+ 0 k and is parallel to the vector b =2 / + j+ 4 k .

- \
If the plane r . /+ 2 j- k =3 contains the given line, then
( 1 ) it should passes through the point / + j+ Ok

(2) it should be parallel to the line
/ - -\
Now, i+ j+ Ok . z + 2 j- k = 1 + 2 = 3
/ v
So, the plane passes through the point / + j+ 0 k .
The nonnal vector to the given plane is n = i+ 2 j - k .

We observe that
b. n 2 i + j+ 4 k i +2 j- k . 2 + 2-4 =0
v y
Therefore, the plane is parallel to the line.
Hence, the given plane contains the given line.
Question 7.
Solution:
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Chapter 29 - The Plane - Unlocked PDF

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Chapter 29 - The Plane Vedontu,

LIVE ONLINE TUTORING

Page Number: 29.4

x-0 y+l z-0

X-0 J+l Z+l

=> -18JC + 10 (7- 4) -12 ( Z - 3) = 0

Page Number: 29.7

(z ) Equation of the given plane is

( ii ) The equation of the given plane is

( iii ) Equation of the given plane is

We know that the equation of the plane whose intercepts

Page Number : 29.13

Substituting a = 2 i - j +k and n = 4 i + 2 j - 3 k , we get

Vector equation of XY-plane

a = 0 and perpendicular to z-axis whose position vector is k .

a = 0 and perpendicular to x-axis whose position vector is i .

a = 0 and perpendicular to y-axis whose position vector is j .

( z ) The given equation of plane is

(Because the vector equation of the plane is r . n=a . n )

(Because the vector equation of the plane is r . n=a . n )

(Because the vector equation of the plane is r . n=a . n )

Substituting a i - j +k and n - 2 i + j - 4 k , we get

For Cartesian form, we need to substitute

r = x i + y j + z k in the vector equation.

Let a, (3 and y be the angles made by n with x , y and z-axes respectively.

Substituting a 2i + j -k and n i + j + k , we get

r = x i + y j + z k in the vector equation.

Since the plane passes through ( 12, -4, 3), 5 = 1 2 z - 4 y + 3 A:

\Substituting a = i - j + k and n = 4 z + 2 j - 3 k , we get

Substituting r = xi + y j + z k in the vector equation, we get

Substituting a 2 i + 3 j + k and n = 5 z + 3 j + 2 k , we get

Substituting r = xz + >> y + z k in the vector equation, we get

The normal is passing through the points O (0, 0, 0) and P ( 2, 3 ,- l ). So,

Substituting a 2 z + 3 j - k and n = 2 i + 3 j - k , we get

The given equation of the plane is

Dividng both sides by 3, we get

=^> r. 2 i + j - 2k 8, which is the vector equation of the plane.

(Because the vector equation of the plane is r . n=a. n ,

where the normal to the plane, n=2 / + j- 2 k . )

Since the plane passes through ( 1, -2, 5), a = i- 2 j+ 5 k

Substituting a = i - j + k and n = 4 i + 2 j - 3 k , we get

Substituting r = x i+ y j+ z k in the vector equation, we get

Since the plane passes through ( 2, 3, 4 ) , a 2 i+ 3 j+ 4 k

Substituting a = i - j +k and n = 4 / + 2 j - 3 k , we get

Substituting r = x i+ y j+ z k in the vector equation, we get

Now, /2, . /22 i — j+ k y

The given equations of the planes are

The given equation of the plane is

=^> xi+ yj+ zk . 2 i+ 2 j+ 2 k = 8

(Because the vector equation of the plane is r . n=a. /?,

where the normal to the plane, n=2 / + 2 j+ 2 k . )

=> cos a = cos J3 = cos y

The given equation of the plane is

=> r . 12 i- 3 j + 4 k = 1, which is the vector equation of the plane.

(Because the vector equation of the plane is r . n=a. n )

So, the normal vector, n = 12 /- 3 j+ 4 k

Since the plane passes through (-10, 5, 4), a = -10 / +5 j+ 4 k

Since the plane passes through (-10, 5, 4), a j+ 4 k -10 / +5

Since the plane passes through (-10, 5, 4), a = -10 i +5 j+ 4 k

Substituting r = xi+ y j+ zk in the vector equation, we get

Substituting a = i - j +k and n = 4 i- 1 j+ 3 k , we get

Substituting r = x / + j j+ z k in the vector equation, we get