English Vocabulary

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English Grammar
The present simple: the verb to be

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I am / I'm I am not / I'm not Am I?

you are / you're you are not / you aren't Are you?
he is / he's he is not / he isn't Is he?
she is / she's she is not / she isn't Is she?
it is / it's it is not / it isn't Is it?
we are / we're we are not / we aren't Are we?
you are / you're you are not / you aren't Are you?
they are / they're they are not / they aren't Are they?

Use of the verb to be in the present simple

 We use the verb be to describe the appearance or the feelings or of people or

things:

He is tall. He is happy.

 We use the verb be to express a permanent or a temporary state of people or

things:

It is dark. I am hungry.

 We use the verb be to express a job:

He is a teacher.

 We use the verb be to describe where people are:

 They are at school.

 We use the verb be to express the age of a person:

She is two years old.

 We use the verb be to describe the weather:

The weather is cold in the winter. It is warm and

sunny today.
The present simple

affirmative
Negative
Subject + verb (+ s
Subject + do(es)n't + infinitive
/ es)
I don't work
I work you don't work
you work he doesn't work
he works * she doesn't work
she works * it doesn't work
it works * we don't work
we work you don't work
you work they don't work
they work

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We add -es and not -s to the verb with:

 Verbs ending in -ch, -sh, -ss, -x

Examples: She watches TV. She washes the car. He misses his friend. He fixes
the radio.

 Verbs ending in -o
Examples: He does the homework. She goes to the cinema.

 Verbs ending in consonant + -y

Examples: He studies English. She carries a bag. (!But not: She plays the
piano.)

verb affirmative negative interrogative

play play / plays don't play / doesn't play do ... play / does ... play
don't study / doesn't
study study / studies do ... study / does ... study
study
listen listen / listens don't listen / doesn't listen do ... listen / does ... listen
work work / works don't work / doesn't work do ... work / does ... work
ask ask / asks don't ask / doesn't ask do ... ask / does ... ask
don't travel / doesn't do ... travel / does ...
travel travel / travels
travel travel
finish finish / finishes don't finish / doesn't finish do ... finish / does ... finish
 don't catch / doesn't
catch catch / catches do ... catch / does ... catch
catch
pass pass / passes don't pass / doesn't pass do ... pass / does ... pass
fax fax / faxes don't fax / doesn't fax do ... fax / does ... fax
don't enjoy / doesn't
enjoy enjoy / enjoys do ... enjoy / does ... enjoy
enjoy

Use of the present simple

Adverbs of frequency and time expressions

adverbs of frequency

100% always
usually, normally,
generally
frequently, regularly
often
50% sometimes
occasionally
rarely, infrequently
seldom
hardly ever, almost never
0% never

These words have a special position in the sentence: Just before the verb, except with the
verbs be, can and other modal verbs.

Examples:
I always watch TV. She usually washes the car. We sometimes go to the cinema. They rarely go
to a restaurant. I never smoke. She is often at home. She can sometimes help me.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

Other time expressions used with the Present simple are for example:

every day, every week, every month, every year, every summer, in the morning, in the
summer, after school, once a week, twice a month, three times a year,
Time expressions in general have a special position in the sentence: at the beginning or at the
end.
Examples:
He watches TV every day. He goes to the cinema every evening. She studies English once a
week. She travels to London twice a year. She phones her family on Sundays.

Use of the present simple

We use the present simple to:

a) talk about actions that occur with regularity, to talk about habits.

I don't usually walk to work. I usually drive my car to work.

b) talk about permanent situations

I live in a big city.

c) express our opinions, likes, etc.

I like the cinema. I don't like vegetables.

d) talk about general facts.

The sun rises in the East.

e) talk about some future actions.

See: Expressing the future