EXAMPLE OF A

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTED
WITH PLASTIC -
ALLIANZ ARENA
WITH STRUCTURAL DETAILS

V.V.NIROOHA-15091AA037
INTRODUCTION :
Allianz Arena
Location: Munich, Germany
Description: New stadium construction
Conclusion: April 2005
Capacity: 66 thousand people
Technical data: steel roof with 65 m
cantilever; Mixed tubular pillars (section
filled with concrete) on facades; 2,400 t of
tubular elements in the roof structure and
facade; Construction area: ~ 37.6
thousand m².
Architectural design: Jacques Herzog &
Pierre De Meuron
Structural Design: Arup & Partners
With its unusual external and chameleonic appearance, its façade can change
colours according team there, red, blue or white.

STADIUM STRUCTURAL DETAILS :

STADIUM STRUCTURE :
 Concrete used in stadium: approx. 120,000 m3
 Steel used in stadium: approx. 22,000 t
 Foundations: 180 t, size of a family house, loading up to 1,500 t
 350 inclined supporting pillars, 50 to each level
 Supporting pillars (cross-section: 65 cm, length: 6 m) have maximum bearing
load of 10,000 kN (~1,000 t)
 External façade (under inflated panels):
 Area: approx. 12,000 m², glazed area: approx. 5,000 m²
 Internal façade (Business
Club):
 Area. approx. 350 m², glazed
area approx. 300 m²
 Executive boxes:
 Area: approx. 3,000 m2,
glazed area: approx. 2,000
m2
 Frame construction
(supports and bracing
beams)
 Floor area: 270,000 m²
 Concrete: 85.000 m³
 Steel: 14.000 t
 Structural steel: 1.400 t
 External circumference: approx. 1,200 m
FACADE :
 2,874 rhomboidal inflated ETFE foil panels form the 66,500 m² roof and
façade
 Biggest membrane shell in the
world
 Data on the ETFE foil
(Ethylene Tetrafluoro-
ethylene):
 Thickness: 0.2 mm
 Weight: 350 g/ m² 
 Longitudinal/transverse tensile
strength: 52/52 N/mm²
 Longitudinal/transverse tensile
stress at 10% elongation: 21/21
N/mm²
 Longitudinal/transverse
elongation at breaking point:
600/600 %
 UV permeability: 95%
 Visible light permeability: 93%
 Colour: transparent (roof area), translucent white (rest of façade)
 1,380 non-standard panels:
 Total area: 7.6 to 40.7 m²
 Length: approx 3 to 10 m
 maximum width: 1.9 to approx. 4.6 m
 Maximum diagonal length: approx 17 m
 Fans keep the panels inflated at a constant pressure of 0.035 bar
(maximum possible pressure 0.08 bar)
 In case of snowfall, 12 pressure-monitoring points ensure the correct pressure
adjustments to allow for snow up to 1.6 m.
 Lifespan approx 25 years, non-flammable, exceptionally resistant to heat and
cold, self-cleans with rain
 19 panels at the 51.41 m level can be opened to ensure proper ventilation. 
 Each of these special hydraulic panels can carry up to 8 t and has a
wind pressure resistance of 22 t
 The ETFE membrane underwent elastic and tensile tests, as it should be
prepared for eventual falling objects from the sky, such as meteorites
and aircraft parts, as well as fire resistance and adverse weather
conditions such as snow, wind and rain.
ROOF:
 Total area: 38.000 m²
 Primary roof structure (60%)
 48 radial main beams, approx 65 m long and weighing up to 106 t
 Total of 5,300 t S355 steel
 Secondary roof structure (cross beams, 40%)
 Forms a RHOMBOIDAL ‘steel net’ within which the panels are supported
 In the form of rectangular tubing 180 mm x 180 mm x 5-16 mm
 Total of 3,400 t S355 steel
 50 m high free floating construction
 Maximum load bearing stress, own weight plus full load of snow at centre:
5,000 kN (~ 500 t)
 Deflection under load at edge with full snow load and wind: 55 cm
 Roof panels have a transparent inner surface
 Retractable internal roof (blind and theatre usage) opened and closed
by 51 electric motors .
OTHER FEATURES:
FACADE :
 After installation, of the
EFTE panels are inflated
with air through air pumps
placed at the top of the
building. The air is pumped
to the panels through
tubes, and fans keep
constant pressure inside them. Figure 19 shows an overview of the facade
during panel installation.

 Another project innovation is the

retractable lining ceiling, which allows
shading the grandstands when

LIGHTING :
One of them is that the roof membrane was illuminated. A computerized electrical
system is able to turn on and off the lights of each panel individually. There are
25,000 fluorescent lamps that
make the Allianz Arena a bright
spectacle on Munich nights

SEATS :
The seats with ergonomic design
were installed manually. The seat
units are foldable, which facilitates
people movement when they are
unoccupied .