Executive Summary ………………………..

01

Memorandum for GB, CSIR/SFC/EFC ……………………….. 04

Technical Annexure ……………………….. 12

Introduction ……………………….. 12

Objectives and scope of the proposed research …………………….. 14

Reason, Justifications and the circumstances in which the need has arisen …. 14

Descriptions of proposed research tasks …….. 15

Background and current status ………………………… 15

Knowledge Gaps …………………………. 15

Proposed Research Task (to address some of the identified tasks) … 15

References (if any) ……………….. 16

Envisaged outputs (deliverables) ………………….. 19

Cost breakup: Activity-wise ………………

19

Cost breakup: lab-wise ……………… 19

1
Major Laboratory Equipments ……………19

Participating Research groups and Scientists …………… 20

Operational Capabilities …………… 21

Nodal laboratory ……………. 21

Participation Letters from all partners ……………. 21

Descriptions of Work packages as per FP-7 format ……………. 21

●

Project Name ……………. 21

●

The Acronym ……………. 21

●

Category: A/A+ ……………. 21

●

Name of the nodal laboratory ……………. 21

●

Participating laboratories ……………. 21

●

What we will do in this project ? (What is Proposed?) ……………. 21

●

Why we will do this project? (Why it is proposed? ……………. 22

●

2
Project Outlay ……………. 22
●

Description of work packages and tasks ……………. 22

Description of Work Packages ……………. 23

3
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
AMPRI [CSIR] Bhopal has since its inception in the early 1980s been involved with
research activities related mainly to development of materials in the area of natural
fibre & fibre polymer composite adopting different processes. The past
achievements of AMPRI [CSIR], Bhopal establishes its strength to take up any
assignment in the area of in the area of natural fibre polymer composite
development, processing and characterisation. Further, AMPRI, Bhopal is equipped
with a wide variety of processing and characterisation equipments in the area of
natural fibre polymer composites though they are not sufficient to carry out all
activities under the proposed project.

In rural India most important problem is of energy. Most of the villages do not get light. The
only solution of rural electrification is to fix a Solar collector panel on a easily available
support panel (plate).It is necessary to have local made panel which can remain unaffected
from wind and rain for longer time. It will have huge number requirement in India. Because
glass fibre is not hygienic to use in villages. Making and disposal of glass fibre based
composite panels is not possible in villages. Different types of Natural fibres such as jute,
coir, sisal, banana are available as renewable resource in the world. It is possible to make a
support panel of desired size to fix a solar collector panel from Jute Fibre reinforced polymer
composite (JFRP) with or with out suitable filler. Very large number of these panels will be
required for fixing the Solar cell etc. for rural electrification.

The project will address the problem of rural electrification in India by making support panel
and support system utilizing rural produce that is abundantly available .

From a thorough survey of the open literature available the present trend of research
activities being pursued worldwide in the area of natural fibre composite has been
found to be the following:
1. Improved Properties in existing natural fibres
2. Fabrication of New natural fibre polymer composites
3. Improvement in interface of natural fibre & polymer
3. Improvement in mechanical properties of of natural fibre & polymer
composites
4 Characterization of bamboo

A project proposal on ‘​Development and demonstration of Jute Fibre

Reinforced Polymer composite (JFRP) support panel for fixing the solar collector panel for
rural electrification ​ is being proposed by Advanced Materials and Processes
Research Institute (CSIR), Bhopal [AMPRI, Bhopal] for consideration under the 12​th
Five Year Plan of CSIR keeping in mind AMPRI, Bhopal’s expertise and the
worldwide R&D

4
 scenario in this field areas have been identified for R&D in the area of
natural fibre & polymer composites development and surface improved Bamboo .

The project would be carried out by different persons of Scientists and technical
officers with expertise in materials development & testing in the different areas to be
taken up.
Objective of the R&D involved is given below:
● To develop JFRP material for support panel using jute fibre and polymer
● Development of JFRP support panel using jute fibre and polymer for fixing
commercial Solar cell.
● To coat/reinforce Bamboo
● To demonstrate the method of fabrication of one JFRP support panel

However, a few other parallel activities would need to be carried out and some of
them have already been initiated in the laboratory since the last six to eight months
that CSIR-AMPRI has been thinking of taking up a project in this direction.
The parallel activities needed to be undertaken include:
1. Thorough understanding of the jute fibre
i. Through Literature survey
ii. Interaction with experts in the field
2. Confidence Building
i. Initialization of R&D in the area
ii. Handholding through Interaction
3. Interaction with collaborators and industry
Deliverables from the research project
The deliverables from the research project would be as follows:
● To develop JFRP material for support panel using jute fibre and polymer
● Development of JFRP support panel using jute fibre and polymer for fixing
commercial Solar cell.
● To coat/reinforce Bamboo
● To demonstrate the method of fabrication of one JFRP support panel

The materials developed would need to be converted to engineering product panel

for which AMPRI, Bhopal has the required expertise. Efforts would be made to
fabricate panel from the developed material in collaboration with industry engaged
in this field and government organisations. Details of collaborations are given
Collaboration would be sought for with Institutes from CSIR, within India and also
from foreign countries involved with research in this field.

In addition to the existing processing and characterisation equipments available at

AMPRI, Bhopal, a number of equipments would additionally be required for the
proposed project. Further, Technical staff and Project Fellows/Assistants would also
be required. Thus, budget allocation would be required for (i) project assistants

5
fellows (iii) machinery/equipment purchase and maintenance (iv) travel expenses (v)
consumable/raw material purchase (vi) contingency expenses and (vi) external
payments. Tentative estimate of the budget would be 3.1 crores​.

6
 MEMORANDUM FOR THE GOVERNING BODY/SFC
(For projects costing Rs. 25 crore to less than Rs.100 crore)
Preamble
1. Statement of the proposal
a. Title of the proposal/scheme
Development and demonstration of Jute Fibre Reinforced Polymer composite
(JFRP) support panel for fixing the solar collector panel for rural electrification

b. Description of the proposal/scheme and its objective

Natural fibre reinforced polymer compoites are novel materials which have the
low cost , noncarcinogenic in nature and use local raw materials It would be apt
to remember here that all over the the world Natural fibre reinforced polymer
compoites are being developed .In India CSIR-AMPRI is involved with research
activities related mainly to Natural fibre reinforced polymer compoite materials
and processes and has established a centre in the area of material development,
processing and characterisation .India has best agricultural waste resources
.India is 2​nd​ largest grower of Jute In the 12​th​ Five Year Plan CSIR-AMPRI is
proposing to have a Project in this area to carry out focussed research on the
Development and demonstration of Jute Fibre Reinforced Polymer composite
(JFRP) support panel for fixing the solar collector panel for rural electrification

Envisaged Outcome/outputs:

The outcome is expected to be the following:

Development and demonstration of Jute Fibre Reinforced Polymer composite

(JFRP) support panel for fixing the solar collector panel for rural electrification

The activities under the project will be implemented in the form of work packages[WP]. Each
work package will have an independent Scientist who has proposed the activity and a team
of Scientists for different work modules in the work package.

Justification for the Project

AMPRI [CSIR] Bhopal has since its inception in the early 1980s been involved with
research activities related mainly to development of materials in the area of natural
fibre & fibre polymer composite adopting different processes. The past
achievements of AMPRI [CSIR], Bhopal establishes its strength to take up any
assignment in the area of in the area of natural fibre polymer composite
development, processing and characterisation. Further, AMPRI, Bhopal is equipped
with a wide variety of processing and characterisation equipments in the area of
natural fibre polymer composites though they are not sufficient to carry out all

7
activities under the proposed project.
World production of the plant fibres is estimated to be around 3100 million tonnes. Jute is
considered to be one of the best because of its cost durability , affinity for dyeing
and resistance to weather condition . In spite of its high potential, presently it is used
only in trivial applications such as production of ropes, anchors and handicrafts.

The tremendous potential of jute as resource has not so far been in India for value
addition and employment generation in rural and semi-urban sectors.

Jute plant grows upto a height of 3mts. and flourishes in sub-tropical climates. The stalks
are gathered by hand and softened in clear water. Jute is harvested from jute stalk. India is a
major jute producing country and it produces more than 40 percent of the entire worlds
production. Eastern region of India abounds in jute products and handicrafts reflecting the
traditional craft skill. It is mainly a packing material. It is also used for weaving flat rugs.

The jute composites are used in everyday applications such as lampshadesand helmets.
They are also used for covers of electrical appliances, grain storage bags . and in curtains in
housings .

Preliminary investigation indicate that there is great potential for the development of
jute composite based technologies for rural ,Textile and engineering applications.
Jute being an agro product has as a employment potential. In addition, the
commercial cultivation of jute even in the unproduction lands makes it more
attractictive. Naturally, the products are expected to be cost effective too.

Bamboo is extensively used as architectural structures and fencing material. It is used to

make musical instruments like, flutes. It is widely used to make a variety of products like fish
baskets, bins, furniture and housing elements etc.

Advanced Material and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI),Bhopal

is continuously working on jute in a mission mode approach towards creating a
sustainable jute based economy. ​AMPRI has a Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer
Composite Development Centre, which has state of art processing and characterization
facility for JFRP. Very large number of JFRP support panels will be required for fixing the
Solar cell etc. for rural electrification.

8
Solar power is the conversion of ​sunlight​ into ​electricity​,

either directly using ​photovoltaics​ (PV), or indirectly .

Photovoltaics (PV) is a method of generating electrical power

by converting ​solar radiation​ into ​direct current​ ​electricity

using ​semiconductors​ that exhibit the ​photovoltaic effect​.

Photovoltaic power generation employs ​solar panels​ composed

of a number of ​cells​ containing a photovoltaic material.

Materials presently used for photovoltaics include

monocrystalline silicon​, ​polycrystalline silicon​, ​amorphous silicon​,

cadmium telluride​, and ​copper indium selenide​/sulfide .

As of 2010, solar photovoltaics generates electricity in more

than 100 countries .

Between 2004 and 2009, ​grid-connected PV​ capacity

increased at an annual average rate of 60 percent, to some 21 ​GW​. Such

installations may be ground-mounted (and sometimes integrated with farming and
grazing) or built into the roof or walls of a building, known as ​Building Integrated
Photovoltaics​ or BIPV for short.

As of December 2010, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are
the

● Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant​ (Canada, 97 MW),

● Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station​ (Italy, 84.2 MW),
● Finsterwalde Solar Park​ (Germany, 80.7 MW),
● Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant​ (Italy, 70 MW),
● ​Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park​ (Spain, 60 MW),
● the ​Strasskirchen Solar Park​ (Germany, 54 MW),
● and the ​Lieberose Photovoltaic Park​ (Germany, 53 MW).

Developing countries where many villages are often more than five kilometers away
from grid power have begun using photovoltaics .Cuba is working to provide solar
power for areas that are off grid .

As per an estimate from DB May 28 ,2011 alone MadhyaPradesh has 80 % village

9
out of 52000 village with ouit light .

It is necessary to develop a solar support panel system which can be easily used to
mount the PV cell and solve the problem of rural electrification. ​The project will
address the problem of rural electrification in India by making solar panel and support
system utilizing rural produce that is abundantly available ​. This will also provide rural
employment and use local raw materials .

c. Agencies involved in implementation of the project and their

involvement
NEIST Jorhat
IIIM Jammu
BHEL
CEL
CEERI
Associated engineers
2. Programme Schedule
Schedule of the programme and target date for its completion (include Bar Chart)
Time Frame
[one quarter = 12 months]
S No Activity 0 1 2 3 4 5

1 Development of ----------------
Natural Fibre (Jute
fibre) reinforced
polymer Composite
(JFRP) material

2 Characterisation of ----------------------
material

3 Selection of suitable ------

JFRP material for a
panel and suitable
mounting
arrangement

4 design and analysis -----------------

of plate /panel

by using suitable

10

10
 softwares and
decision of
reinforcing patterns

5 -Development of low ---------

cost mould and
JFRP panel

6 Hand moulding ------------

7 Coating --------------
/reinforcement of
bamboo & Trial

8 -Arrangement for ---------

fixing the plate

-Fabrication of one
support panel

9 Field trial & ----------

-Demonstration of
one support panel &
/report submission

a. Monitoring of the project.

The bar chart above gives the expected schedule of each activity of the project.
Details of the outcome envisaged after every year in each activity is mentioned . The
project can easily be monitored by the project team and if required RC members
and/or CSIR based on the actual results obtained vis-à-vis the set targets.

3. Financial implications of the proposal

11

11
 a. Total cost of the project and Outlay (recurring and non-recurring
separately), its broad details and year-wise phasing (See
Annexure-I) :
(Rs in lakhs)

2012- 2013 2014 2015 2016 TOT

13 -14 -15 -16 -17 AL

2012-
17

FE FE FE FE FE FE

A.CAPITAL

Works&Services

Apparatus& 25 25 25 25
Equipment

Total(A) 25 25 25 25

B.RECURRING

TA/Conf/Seminar

i)India 3 3 3 3 3 15

ii)Abroad 4 6 6 4 4 24

Contengencies 10 10 10 10 10 50

Maintenance 4 4 4 4 4 20

Chem 5 8 8 5 5 31
Consumables

Other Res Exp 24 24 24 24 24 120

(temp Manpower/ten
project assistants)

*Saleries (reg Staff)

Total (B) 50 55 55 50 50 260 25

Total (A+B) 50 80 80 50 50 285

Total Project Cost Rs 310 lakhs +*

* salary of regular five persons and additional new (two scientists C/B and two Jr.Technical
12

12
assistants) may be sanctioned

b. Five Year Plan and Annual Plan allocations : ​See Above

c. Foreign exchange component of the outlay and how it is proposed
to be met:
Foreign expenditure would be under the following heads:
(i) Equipment Purchase
(ii) Chemical Purchase
(iii) TA to Foreign countries either to attend conferences in the related areas and/or
interaction with Scientists/experts in the field
(iv) For business development
d. Number of posts, their pay scales and the basis for staffing
(Regular)
The salary of regular staff involved with the project has not been taken into account.
. salary of regular five persons and additional new (two scientists C/B and two Jr.Technical
assistants) may be additionally sanctioned

e. Number of temporary manpower (co-terminus with the project,

give details lab-wise) their remuneration with proper justification
Work package would require approximately ten project assistants to carry out
day-to-day activities in assisting the Scientists. And to carryout the field work . The
total yearly budget for temporary manpower would be Rs. 24 lakhs.
f. Details of construction works, their justification and basis of
estimates.
The expenditure proposed under works and services relates to space and
infrastructure mainly for housing the proposed equipments; would be required for
most of the equipments.

g. Requirement of stores and equipment together with their

Justification (Enclose list of major equipments)
Major equipments proposed alongwith their budgetary estimate and proposed year
of purchase is Rs 50 lakhs

2. Deliverables of the project

JFRP material for support panel using jute fibre and polymer

​ evelopment of JFRP support panel using jute fibre and polymer for fixing
D
commercial Solar cell.

coated/reinforce Bamboo

13

13
 Demonstrate the method of fabrication of one JFRP support panel

3. What are the developmental “outcomes” and “outputs” of the

scheme/project
JFRP material for support panel using jute fibre and polymer

​ evelopment of JFRP support panel using jute fibre and polymer for fixing
D
commercial Solar cell.

coated/reinforce Bamboo

Demonstrate the method of fabrication of one JFRP support panel

4. Supplementary information if any

5. Name of Nodal Officer and Contact Details:

Nodal Officer:
Dr. Navin Chand
CSIR-AMPRI,
ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Bhopal-462064 (Madhya Pradesh), INDIA
0755-2417511

Fax: 0755-2457042
email
navinchand15@yahoo.co.in

6. Approval needed

14

14
3.0Technical Annexure

3.1 INTRODUCTION

AMPRI [CSIR] Bhopal has since its inception in the early 1980s been involved with
research activities related mainly to development of materials in the area of natural
fibre & fibre polymer composite adopting different processes. The past
achievements of AMPRI [CSIR], Bhopal establishes its strength to take up any
assignment in the area of in the area of natural fibre polymer composite
development, processing and characterisation. Further, AMPRI, Bhopal is equipped
with a wide variety of processing and characterisation equipments in the area of
natural fibre polymer composites though they are not sufficient to carry out all
activities under the proposed project.
World production of the plant fibres is estimated to be around 3100 million tonnes. Jute is
considered to be one of the best because of its cost durability , affinity for dyeing
and resistance to weather condition . In spite of its high potential, presently it is used
only in trivial applications such as production of ropes, anchors and handicrafts.

The tremendous potential of jute as resource has not so far been in India for value
addition and employment generation in rural and semi-urban sectors.

Jute plant grows upto a height of 3mts. and flourishes in sub-tropical climates. The stalks
are gathered by hand and softened in clear water. Jute is harvested from jute stalk. India is a
major jute producing country and it produces more than 40 percent of the entire worlds
production. Eastern region of India abounds in jute products and handicrafts reflecting the
traditional craft skill. It is mainly a packing material. It is also used for weaving flat rugs.

The jute composites are used in everyday applications such as lampshadesand helmets.
They are also used for covers of electrical appliances, grain storage bags . and in curtains in
housings .

Preliminary investigation indicate that there is great potential for the development of
jute composite based technologies for rural ,Textile and engineering applications.
Jute being an agro product has as a employment potential. In addition, the
commercial cultivation of jute even in the unproduction lands makes it more
attractictive. Naturally, the products are expected to be cost effective too.

Bamboo is extensively used as architectural structures and fencing material. It is used to

make musical instruments like, flutes. It is widely used to make a variety of products like fish

15

15
baskets, bins, furniture and housing elements etc.

Advanced Material and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI),Bhopal

is continuously working on jute in a mission mode approach towards creating a
sustainable jute based economy. ​AMPRI has a Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer
Composite Development Centre, which has state of art processing and characterization
facility for JFRP. Very large number of JFRP support panels will be required for fixing the
Solar cell etc. for rural electrification.

Solar power is the conversion of ​sunlight​ into ​electricity​,

either directly using ​photovoltaics​ (PV), or indirectly .

Photovoltaics (PV) is a method of generating electrical power

by converting ​solar radiation​ into ​direct current​ ​electricity

using ​semiconductors​ that exhibit the ​photovoltaic effect​.

Photovoltaic power generation employs ​solar panels​ composed

of a number of ​cells​ containing a photovoltaic material.

Materials presently used for photovoltaics include

monocrystalline silicon​, ​polycrystalline silicon​, ​amorphous silicon​,

cadmium telluride​, and ​copper indium selenide​/sulfide .

As of 2010, solar photovoltaics generates electricity in more

than 100 countries .

Between 2004 and 2009, ​grid-connected PV​ capacity

increased at an annual average rate of 60 percent, to some 21 ​GW​. Such

installations may be ground-mounted (and sometimes integrated with farming and
grazing) or built into the roof or walls of a building, known as ​Building Integrated
Photovoltaics​ or BIPV for short.

As of December 2010, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are
the

● Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant​ (Canada, 97 MW),

● Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station​ (Italy, 84.2 MW),

16

16
 ● Finsterwalde Solar Park​ (Germany, 80.7 MW),
● Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant​ (Italy, 70 MW),
● ​Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park​ (Spain, 60 MW),
● the ​Strasskirchen Solar Park​ (Germany, 54 MW),
● and the ​Lieberose Photovoltaic Park​ (Germany, 53 MW).

Developing countries where many villages are often more than five kilometers away
from grid power have begun using photovoltaics .Cuba is working to provide solar
power for areas that are off grid .

As per an estimate from DB May 28 ,2011 alone MadhyaPradesh has 80 % village

out of 52000 village with ouit light .

It is necessary to develop a support panel system which can be easily used to

mount the PV cell and solve the problem of rural electrification. ​The project will
address the problem of rural electrification in India by making panel and support
system utilizing rural produce that is abundantly available ​.​ This will also provide rural
employment and use local raw materials

3.2OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH

Under the broad area of the proposed project ‘​Development and

demonstration of Jute Fibre Reinforced Polymer composite (JFRP) support panel
for fixing the solar collector panel for rural electrification

CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal would ​develop

● JFRP material for support panel using jute fibre and polymer
● Development of JFRP support panel using jute fibre and polymer for fixing
commercial Solar cell.
● coated/reinforce Bamboo
● demonstrate the method of fabrication of one JFRP support panel

3.3 REASON, JUSTIFICATIONS AND THE CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH THE

NEED HAS ARISEN

As per an estimate from DB May 28 ,2011 alone MadhyaPradesh has 80 % village

out of 52000 village with ouit light .

It is necessary to develop a solar support panel system which can be easily

used to mount the solar/PV cell and solve the problem of rural electrification.
The project will address the problem of rural electrification in India by making solar
support panel and support system utilizing rural agricultural produce such as jute
and bamboo that is abundantly available .​ ​ This will also provide rural employment
and use local raw materials

17

17
 It is necessary to have an alternative simple locally made non carcinogenic Support
panel for mounting PV cell to provide electricity to villages

3.4 DESCRIPTIONS OF PROPOSED RESEARCH TASKS

● Background and current status

CSIR-AMPRI proposes to undertake R&D programme on the ​ ‘​Development and

demonstration of Jute Fibre Reinforced Polymer composite (JFRP) support panel
for fixing the solar collector panel for rural electrification

The proposed tasks relate to development of:

To develop JFRP material for support panel using jute fibre and polymer

​Development of JFRP support panel using jute fibre and polymer for fixing
commercial Solar cell.

To coat/reinforce Bamboo

To demonstrate the method of fabrication of one JFRP support panel

The background and current status of the areas are given subsequently both at an
International and National level.

3.5 Knowledge gap

As per the literature search JFRP and coated bamboo are not yet being used
for solar support system development . ​The project will address the problem of
rural electrification in India by making support panel and support system utilizing
rural agricultural produce such as jute and bamboo that is abundantly available ​.
This will also provide rural employment and use local raw materials

1. Proposed Research Task (To Address Some Of The Identified Tasks)

The activities to be carried out are dealt with in the following work package [WP]
subsequently. Research task of activity, objectives and methodology to be adopted
and the various work modules is given below

Area Research Task Work Modules

JFRP Support Development and demonstration of develop JFRP material

18

18
panel for Fixing Jute Fibre Reinforced Polymer for support panel using
solar cell composite (JFRP) support panel for jute fibre and polymer
fixing the solar collector panel for
rural electrification ​Development of JFRP
support panel using jute
fibre and polymer for
fixing commercial Solar
cell.

To coat/reinforce Bamboo

To demonstrate the
method of fabrication of
one JFRP support panel

3.​7REFERENCES (IF ANY)

1. English B, J A., Youngquist and A M Krzysik, Ligno cellulosic Composites Ed

Gilbert,Hanser Publisher N York 6,115, 1994
2. Bledski, A. K. and J. Gassan. Composites reinforcement with cellulose based fibres.
Progress in polymer science. 24,221-274, 1999
3. Nabi sahib, D., and J.P. Jog. Natural fibre polymer composites: A review. Advances in
Polymer Tchnology. 18(4): 351-363. 1999
4. Eichorn, S. J.,I.Sirichaist, and R.J. Young. Deformation mechanisms in cellulose fibres
paper and wood. Journal of Material Science. 36(13): 3129-3135. 2001
5. Mohanty, A. K., M. Mishra, and L. T. Drazel. Sustainable bio-composites from renewable
resources: Opportunities and challenges in the green materials world. Journal of
Polymers and the Environment. 10(1/2). 2002
6. Brouwer, W. D. Natural fibre composites: Where can flax compete with glass? Sampe
Journal. 36(6): 18-23. 2000
7. Peijs, T. Composites turn Green. Proceedings of SICOMP (Swedish Institute of
Composites) Conference. Queen Mary & Westfield College, London, U.K. 2000.
8. Chand N and P K Rohagi, Natural Fibres and Their Composites, Periodical Experts,
India 1994
9. K G Satyanarayana, Chand N and P K Rohatgi Int Encyclopedia on composites IV, 8,

19

19
 VCH N. York 1990.
10. Rowell, R.M. chemical modification of agricultural fibres for property enhanced
composites. In: Olesen, Ole;Rexen, Finn; Larsen, Jorgen,eds. Research in Industrial
Application of Non Food Crops, I: Plant Fibers. Proceedings of a seminar; Copenhagen,
Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark Academy of Technical Sciences: 49-70. May1995
11. George,J., M. S. Sreekalam, and S. Thomas. A review on interface modification and
characterization of natural fibre reinforced plastics composites. Polymer Engineering and
Science. 41(9): 1471-1485. 2001
12. Joseph, K. S. Varghese, G. Kalaprasad, S. Thomas, L. Prasannakumari, P. Koshy, and
C. Pavithran. Influence of interfacial properties and fracture behaviour of short sisal fibre
reinforced polymer composites, European Polymer Journal. 32 (10): 1243-1250. 1996
13. Rowell, R.M.. Economic opportunities in natural fibre –thermoplastic composites. In:
Science and Technology of Polymers and Advanced Materials. Ed. P.N. Prasad et al.
Plenum press, New York. 869-872. 1998
14. Brouwer, W.D. Natural fibre composites: Where can flax compete with glass? Sampe
Journal. 36(6): 18-23. 2000
15. Kenny, J.M. Natural Fibre Composites in the European automotive industry. Proceedings
of the Sixth International Conference on Woodfibre- plastic Composites, May 15-16,
Madison, Wisconsin, 9-12. 2001.
16. Mohanty A K, M Misra and L T DrazalJ Polymers and Environment 10,1 p19, 2002
17. Brouwer W D, Sampe Journal,36,6 ,18 , 2000
18. Bledzki A K, S Reihmane and J Gassan, 59,8,1329 , 1996 ;
19. Stamboulis A, C Baillie and T Peijs , Composites A , 32,8,1105,2001 ;
20. Joseph K, S Thomas and A Paul, Composite Sci. & Technology, 57, 1, 67, 1997;

Patents

Inventors: Evans; David A.​ (Lowell, MA)

Application No.: 007055

This invention relates to high quality ​composite materials from fibrous materials, in which
the ​composite incorporates a polymer matrix embedding individual fibers. The matrix is
derived from polymer particles, which penetrate into a strand and substantially fill gaps
between individual fibers. Such penetration can occur by exposing the strand to a stable
emulsion of the polymer particles. The invention also relates to novel ​composite structures

20

20
which incorporation of various types of fibrous segments. These ​composite structures allow
the use of inexpensive and readily available scrap materials. The composites of the present
invention are lightweight materials displaying enhanced strength and durability.

United States Patent 6,468,390

Snekkenes et al. October 22, 2002

In this a method for continuous cooking of lignocellulosic fiber material, comprising the steps
of sequentially (a) in a first stage, impregnating the fiber material in an impregnation liquid
comprising alkali metal hydroxide, and thereafter withdrawing (14, 514) a spent impregnation
liquid; (b) in a second stage, cooking the fiber material in a cooking liquor comprising alkali
metal hydroxide; and (c) in a third stage, adding (A), to said fiber material, a liquid which is
rich in hemicellulose, said liquid preferably comprising at least a part (14a, 514a) of said
withdrawn spent impregnation liquid. In a fourth stage (d), the fiber material is cooked in a
cooking liquor comprising the liquid added in the third stage, whereby the fiber material is
subjected to a retention time of at least 1 hour in said fourth stage.

Inventors: Snekkenes; Vidar Martin​ (Karlstad, SE); ​Olsson; Krister Karl Erik
(Karlstad, SE); ​Gustavsson; Bror Lennart​ (Karlstad, SE);
Lindstrom; Ernst Mikael​ (Stockholm, SE)

Besides cellulose, ​lignocellulosic fibre raw material comprises lignin and hemicellulose.
The essential purpose of the conventional chemical digestion process of fibre material is to
remove the lignin from the fibre material to produce a pulp of cellulose. It is however
beneficial to, to a large extent, retain the hemicellulose in the pulp, since the presence of
hemicellulose improves yield and beatability. Especially the presence of xylan improves
beatability. Xylan is the main hemicellulose in hardwood, i.e. about 30% of the dry wood
material, while softwood contain only about 10% xylan. Contrary to cellulose, xylan does not
show a crystalline structure, but is branched, which means that it is in principle
water-soluble. Xylan is especially dissolved into a hydroxide ion containing solution, due to
its carboxylic acid groups. These carboxylic acid groups will however be successively
cleaved off during the digestion, which leads to the solubility being decreased, especially if
also the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution is decreased during the digestion
process.

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3. In another U.S. Pat. No. 3,617,431 a process for preparing cellulose pulp by alkaline
digestion while inhibiting extraction of hemicellulose by employing an alkaline cooking liquor
having a high concentration of substantially nondegraded hemicellulose. In the process, said
alkaline cooking liquor is withdrawn from a location in the upper part of the digester,
whereafter it is cooled and introduced in the top of the digester.

1. ENVISAGED OUTPUTS (DELIVERABLES)

Development and demonstration of Jute Fibre Reinforced Polymer composite

(JFRP) support panel for fixing the solar collector panel for rural electrification

2. Cost Breakup activity wise

Total cost of the project and Outlay (recurring and non-recurring separately),
its broad details and year-wise phasing (See Annexure-I) :
(Rs in lakhs)

2012- 2013 2014 2015 2016 TOT

13 -14 -15 -16 -17 AL

2012-
17

FE FE FE FE FE FE

A.CAPITAL

Works&Services

Apparatus& 25 25 25 25
Equipment

Total(A) 25 25 25 25

B.RECURRING

TA/Conf/Seminar

i)India 3 3 3 3 3 15

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ii)Abroad 4 6 6 4 4 24

Contengencies 10 10 10 10 10 50

Maintenance 4 4 4 4 4 20

Chem 5 8 8 5 5 31
Consumables

Other Res Exp 24 24 24 24 24 120

(temp Manpower/ten
project assistants)

*Saleries (reg Staff)

Total (B) 50 55 55 50 50 260 25

Total (A+B) 50 80 80 50 50 285

Total Project Cost Rs 310 lakhs +*

* salary of regular five persons and additional new (two scientists C/B and two Jr.Technical
assistants) may be sanctioned

3. Cost Breakup Lab wise : ​same as in 3.9

3.11 Major Laboratory wquipments -​SEM,Tensile Tester ,DMA

1. PARTICIPATING RESEARCH GROUPS AND SCIENTISTS

4.1Operational capabilities

4.2Nodal Laboratory
CSIR-AMPRI,
ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Bhopal-462064 (Madhya Pradesh), INDIA
0755-2417511

Advisor:​ ​Director, CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal

Nodal Scientist:​ ​Dr. Navin Chand

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CSIR-AMPRI,
ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Bhopal-462064 (Madhya Pradesh), INDIA
0755-2417511

Fax: 0755-2457042
email
navinchand15@yahoo.co.in
Member Scientist: ​Dr. R K Morchhale , Senior Principal Scientist ,
Tel: 0755-2457105- Extn. 1138, 2417511 [Direct]; Fax: 0755-2457042

Member Scientist: ​Dr. SAR Hashmi, Senior Principal Scientist ,

Tel: 0755-2457105- Extn. 1138, 2417511 [Direct]; Fax: 0755-2457042
e-mail: ​sarhashmi@rediffmail.com​; ​sarhashmi@ampri.res.in

Member Scientist: Dr S Saxena

Tel: 0755-2457105- Extn. 1138, 2417511 [Direct]; Fax: 0755-2457042

Member Scientist: ​Sh HN Bhargawa

Tel: 0755-2457105- Extn. 1138, 2417511 [Direct]; Fax: 0755-2457042

Member : ​Dr. A Naik , TO ,

Tel: 0755-2457105- Extn. 1138, 2417511 [Direct]; Fax: 0755-2457042
e-mail:
Member Mr N Prasanth , TA

Tel: 0755-2457105- Extn. 1138, 2417511 [Direct]; Fax: 0755-2457042

Participating letters -- NA

2. DESCRIPTIONS OF WORK PACKAGE AS PER FP-7 FORMAT

Project Name​: ​Development and demonstration of Jute Fibre Reinforced Polymer

composite (JFRP) support panel for fixing the solar collector panel for rural electrification

● The Acronym​: SPANEL

● Category​: Category A+
● Name of the nodal laboratory​: CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal
● Participating laboratories​: Not Applicable
● What we will do in this project? (What is proposed?)
● Under the project it is proposed to ​Develop and demonstration of Jute Fibre
Reinforced Polymer composite (JFRP) support panel for fixing the solar collector

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 panel for rural electrification
● Why we will do this project? (Why it is proposed?)
It will help in solving rural electrification problem
Project outlay
As above

5.1Description of work packages and tasks

The activities to be carried out are dealt with in the following work package [WP] .
The specific objectives and tasks under package is given below .

Work Package I

Work Package No. WP - 2 Start - End Dates Month 1 to 60 months

April 2012-March 2017
Work Package Develo
Title pment
and
demon
stratio
n of
Jute
Fibre
Reinfo
rced
Polym
er
compo
site
(JFRP)
suppor
t panel
for
fixing
the
solar
collect
or
panel
for
rural
electrifi
cation

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Activity Type Develop
mental
R&D
Participants AMPRI

Number of 05
Scientists
Objectives:​ To
Develop and
demonstrate
making of Jute
Fibre Reinforced
Polymer composite
(JFRP) support
panel for fixing the
solar collector
panel for rural
electrification

Description of work
:
Task 1.1:
Reinforcement of
polymers with
jute
Task 1.2:
Uniform
Distribution of
jute cloth /fibre
in JFRP
Task 1.3:
Thermo-mechani
cal and
morphology
testing of JFRP
Task 1.4:
optimization of
process
parameters
Task 1.5: Design
of JFRP
material
Task 1.6: Design

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 of JFRP based
panel
Task 1.7:
selection of
bamboo
Task 1.8:
characterization
of bamboo
Task 1.9:
Jutefibre /cloth
-polymer
reinforcement
on bamboo by
coating /
covering
Task 1.10:
testing of
Jute-polymer
reinforced
bamboo
composite
Task 1.11 fixing
of JFRP plate on
Jute polymer
reinforced
bamboo
Task 1.12: fixing of
ofsolar/ PV plate
and charger on
JFRP panel
Task 1.13:
Demonstration of
method of fixing
of JFRP plate on
Jute
reinforcement of
bamboo &fixing
of of PV plate
and charger on
JFRP plate-one
number
Task 1.14:
Report
preparation

Deliverables:

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 Jute Fibre
Reinforced Polymer
composite (JFRP)
support panel for
fixing the solar
collector panel for
rural electrification

After 2 years:
● Reinforce
ment of
polymers
with jute
● Uniform
Distributio
n of jute
cloth /fibre
in JFRP
● Thermo-m
echanical
and
morpholo
gy of
JFRP
After 4 years:
● optimizati
on of
process
parameter
s
● Design of
JFRP
● Design of
JFRP
based
panel
● selection
of
bamboo
● characteri
zation of
bamboo
● Jute
reinforce
ment of
bamboo
by

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 covering
● testing of
Jute
reinforce
ment of
bamboo
composite
After 5 years:
● Developing
method of
fixing of
JFRP plate
on Jute
reinforceme
nt of
bamboo
● fixing of of
PV plate and
charger on
JFRP plate
● Demonstrati
on of
method of
fixing of
JFRP plate
on Jute
reinforceme
nt of
bamboo
● & fixing of
of PV plate
and charger
on JFRP
plate
● Report
preparation

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30

30