Forming the Subjunctives, Active and Passive, in All Tenses

Tenses Rules for Forming the Actives Actives Passives Rules for Forming the Passives

! Take the typical present indicative I: laudem lauder ! Change the active personal endings to
active root. the passive personal endings
II: moneam monear (-r, -ris/-re, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur).
! Change stem to -E-/-EA-/-A-/-IA-,
Present

depending on the conjugation. III: dûcam dûcar

! Add the regular active personal endings IV: audiam audiar

(-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
III-io: capiam capiar

! Take the present active infinitive I: laudârem laudârer ! Change the active personal endings to
(second part of the verb). the passive personal endings
II: monêrem monêrer
Imperfect

(-r, -ris/ -re, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur).

! Add the regular active personal endings III: dûcerem dûcerer
(-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
IV: audîrem audîrer
III-io: caperem caperer

! Take the perfect stem from the third part I: laudaverim laudâtus sim ! Use the past participle, the fourth
of the verb. II: monuerim monitus sim part of the verb.
Perfect

! Add -ERI-. III: dûxerim ductus sim ! Add the present subjunctive of sum.
( = sim, etc.).
! Add the regular active personal endings IV: audîverim audîtus sim
(-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt). III-io: cêperim captus sim

! Take the perfect active infinitive I: laudavissem laudâtus essem ! Use the past participle, the fourth
(ending in -isse). part of the verb.
II: monuissem monitus essem
Pluperfect

! Add the regular active personal endings III: dûxissem ductus essem ! Add the imperfect subjunctive of
(-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt). sum ( = essem, etc.).
IV: audîvissem audîtus essem
III-io: cêpissem captus essem