STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CURING METHODS IN

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

IAN JUN F. CARLOS

A RESEARCH STUDY SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE

OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, WESTERN PHILIPPINES
UNIVERSITY, SAN JUAN, ABORLAN, PALAWAN IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

MARCH 2015

i
 Republic of the Philippines
WESTERN PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Aborlan, Palawan

APPROVAL SHEET
The research study attached hereto entitled, “STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF
DIFFERENT CURING METHODS IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT OF CONCRETE”,
prepared and submitted by IAN JUN F. CARLOS in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for
the degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering is hereby accepted.

RYAN A. LIMCO, CE BERNARDO S.OCAMPO, CE

Member, Advisory Committee Member, Advisory Committee

________________________________ ___________________________
Date Signed Date Signed

DHEVIE A. MADARCOS, CE
Chair, Advisory Committee

____________________________
Date Signed

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science
in Civil Engineering.

MIRRIAM P. BANLAWE, RPAE

Dean, College of Engineering and Technology

_________________________________
Date Signed

ii
 WESTERN PHILLIPINES UNIVERSITY

MISSION AND VISION

WPU VISION 2020

Western Philippines University: the leading knowledge

Center for sustainable development of west

Philippines and beyond.

WPU MISSION 2020

Western Philippines University commits itself to develop quality human resource and

Green technologies for a dynamic economy and sustainable development

Through relevant instruction, research and extension services.

iii
 Republic of the Philippines
WESTERNPHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering and Technology
Aborlan, Palawan

CET GOAL

To produce technically skilled professionals who will be leaders of sustainable

development and key personalities in the national and international resource management.

CIVIL ENGINEERING OBJECTIVES

 To train students to be capable of applying basic computer system and associated

engineering application software including mathematics, physical sciences and

other engineering sciences in the practice of civil engineering.

 To develop the students communication skills they need both in writing and orally

in the implementation of civil engineering projects and in the preparation of

contracts, specifications and other necessary papers and documents.

 To train students to be advocate of ethical, legal and professional engineers.

 To produce civil engineering graduates that are able to manage materials,

manpower, machineries, and financial resources used in infrastructures projects,

evaluate quality of materials and workmanship employed in the implementation

of the projects.

 To prepare students to be a good planner capable of conducting survey and

investigation and undertakes economic, technical, financial and environmental

feasibility studies.

iv
 To train students to be capable of conducting research and development works

and pursue a life-long learning or post graduate studies.

v
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The author was born on February 14, 1992 at Sandoval, Narra, Palawan. He presently

resides at Barangay Sandoval, Narra, Palawan. He is the eldest child of Bobby M. Carlos and

Norma F. Carlos. He has two (2) brothers and two (2) sisters named Ariel, Jayson, Kristine Joy,

and Krezel kate. He finished his elementary education at Sandoval, Elementary School and his

secondary education at Sandoval National High School. As he dreams to pursue his studies and

become a professional, he enrolled his tertiary education at the western Philippines University

(WPU) Aborlan, Palawan with the degree of bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering and is

about to graduate in April 2015. He wants to become a successful Civil Engineer someday.

IAN JUN FRANCISCO CARLOS

vi
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author wishes to acknowledge every individual who had been part of this study. First

and foremost, the almighty God, who is the source of all strength, wisdom and knowledge;

To his adviser, Engr. Dhevie A. Madarcos, for seriously sharing her knowledge and

ideas, for the patience, advices and corrections that made this study possible;

To his project study instructor, Engr. Bernardo S. Ocampo, for the advice, suggestions

and encouragements that made this study successful;

To his statistician, Dr. Noel L. Gauran, for guiding and checking statistical data;

To his English Critic, Mr. Ryan Madarcos, for the effort and patience checking and editing his

manuscript;

Engr. Mirriam P. Banlawe for the advice, approval, concern and for the time she spent in

checking his manuscript;

To the technician of Universal Testing Machine (UTM), Mr. Angelo T. Toto for the

effort and time he spent during testing of samples;

To his friends and boardmates, John Christian Pamado, David Maniquis, Jose Ryan

Latosa, Richard Pendon, Arnold Villanueva, Jerald Villones, Feterson Tabujara, Defrey, Joriel

and Mac-Mac for sharing happy moments and laughter together;

The author wants to express his gratitude to his friends Jessica Labrador, Nequita Joyce

Escala, and Rose Ann Arimado, for inspiring and being his companions, for the support, love

and care, for the encouragements, reminders and motivations, and for those happy moments,

thoughts and trials shared together;

vii
 And also, his utmost gratitude and sincerity to his family, to his brothers and sisters,

Ariel, Jayson, Kristine Joy, and Krezel Kate for being his inspiration. to his father and mother,

Bobby M. Carlos and Norma F. Carlos, for unending support, love, care and advice that mould

the author to become more responsible;

To his aunt, Virginia Calunsag for being there in times of financial shortage, and for

giving advice and support;

To his Uncle, Fernando Calunsag and his cousin Nancy Briza Calunsag for their support;

and

To his classmates, for their advices and reminders.

The author never forgets you.

I.J.F.C

viii
 ABSTRACT

CARLOS, IAN JUN F., College of Engineering and Technology, Western Philippines
University, Aborlan Palawan, March 2015. “STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
CURING METHODS IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE”

Adviser; Engr. Dhevie A. Madarcos

This study entitled “Study on the Effect of Different Curing Methods in Compressive

Strength of Concrete” was conducted from December 2014 to February 2015. The general

objective of the study was to determine the effects of different curing methods applied on

concrete. The specific objectives were: to determine the effects of different curing methods in

compressive strength of concrete; and to determine the most effective curing methods that would

give the highest result for the compressive strength of concrete.

The materials used in the study were collected and prepared. Common course and fine

aggregates, Ordinary Portland cement, and potable water were used in concrete mixture.

Ordinary Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe served as cylindrical moulds. Concrete cylindrical

samples were cured for 28 days using three (3) curing methods. The samples were subjected to

compressive test using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) at the College of Engineering and

Technology, Western Philippines University, Aborlan Palawan. Data were analyzed using

analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the difference among the treatment means.

The result for compressive test revealed that the highest compressive strength of 15.79

N/mm2 was obtained by Treatment 3 (water sprinkling method) followed by treatment 2 (plastic

sheeting method) with a mean of 12.87 N/mm2 and lastly the treatment 1 (Air drying method)

ix
with a mean of 12.10 N/mm2. Statistical analysis revealed that treatment 3 which is water

sprinkling method had a highest compressive strength of 15.79 N/mm2 which was significantly

different from the other treatments but showed no significant difference from Treatment 2

(plastic sheeting method).

Therefore, the results of the study proved that curing of concrete using water increases its

compressive strength. Based on the result, the researcher recommends the following; (a) using

Treatment 3 (water sprinkling method) in curing the concrete to increase the compressive

strength; and (b) further study about the other curing techniques and their proper application on

concrete be conducted.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
WPU MISSION AND VISSION iii
CEAT GOAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING OBJECTIVES iv
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vii
ABSTRACT ix
TABLEOF CONTENTS xi
LIST OF TABLES xiii
LIST OF FIGURES xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES xv

CHAPTER PAGE
I. INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the study 1
Significance of the study 3
Statement of the problem 3
Objectives of the study 4
Scope and limitation of the study 4
Operational definition of terms 5
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 6
Conceptual Framework 7
Literatures 7
III. METHODOLOGY 8
Time and place of the study 8
The research paradigm 9
Materials, Tools and Equipment used in the study 10
Determination of curing methods 11
Collection and preparation of materials 11
Mixing of concrete 11
Preparation of samples 11
Curing 12

xi
 Analysis 12
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 13
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 15
Summary 15
Conclusion 16
Recommendation 16
BIBLIOGRAPHY 17
APPENDICES 18

xii
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE
1. Compressive strength (in N/mm2) concrete samples 14

xiii
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1. The conceptual paradigm of the study 6
2. Paradigm of research activities 11
3. Curing of concrete by plastic sheeting 13
4. Concrete by air drying method 14
5. Samples after sprinkling of water 15

xiv
 LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A. Letter of Request
Appendix B. Test Result Summary
Compressive test of concrete cylinder samples
Appendix C. Computations
Appendix D. Pictorials

xv
 Chapter I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Curing can be described as keeping the concrete moist and warm enough so that the

hydration of cement can continue. More elaborately, it can be described as the process of

maintaining a satisfactory moisture content and a favorable temperature in concrete during the

period immediately following placement, so that hydration of cement may continue until the

desired properties are developed to a sufficient degree to meet the requirement of service.

Concrete curing is one of the most important and final steps in concrete construction

though it is also one of the most neglected and misunderstood procedures. Curing is the

treatment of newly placed concrete during the hardening period so that it retain enough moisture

to immunize shrinkage and resist cracking (Lambert Corporation, 1999). The process serves two

major purposes: it prevents or replenishes the loss of moisture from the concrete, and it maintains

a favorable temperature for hydration to occur for a definite period.

Water Curing

Curing concrete with water prevents excessive loss of moisture when the concrete is

covered with a layer of water for a predetermined period of time. Curing concrete with water

controls the evaporation of moisture from the surface. Gradually, the concrete produces its

chemical reaction that will eventually harden the concrete. Water curing can be done through

different techniques; Immersion, ponding, fogging, and wet covering. The scope of this paper

will focus only on fogging or sprinkling. It is a curing method wherein a fine fog mist is

frequently applied on the surface of the concrete through a system of sprayers or nozzles. It is an

xvi
effective method of curing when the humidity is low or the ambient temperature is well above

the freezing point. This method requires ample of water and constant proper supervision.

Membrane Curing

Membrane curing is a process of controlling the curing of concrete by sealing in the

moisture that usually is lost to evaporation. The process is accomplished either by spraying a

sealer on the surface or by covering the surface with a sheet film.

Curing concrete with membrane or plastic sheeting is the most practical and efficient

way to cure concrete in today's construction industry. Sometimes, water is unavailable to cure

concrete or if done using an incorrect procedure can alter the surface finishing of the

concrete product. Sometimes, adding water to concrete that has not finished its hardening

process could adversely affect the hydration process, thus altering the concrete’s properties.

Air Drying Curing

Dry curing is a curing method wherein the concrete samples are left in open air to be

cured at room temperature. Researchers have been working on the natural air drying of concrete

since long.

This research study aimed to gather information related to curing methods and their

effects in compressive strength of concrete.

xvii
 Compressive Strength is the maximum stress a material can sustain under crush loading.

The compressive strength of a material that fails by a shattering fracture can be defined within

fairly narrow limits as an independent property. However, the compressive strength of materials

that do not shatter in compression must be defined as the amount of stress required to distort the

material an arbitrary amount. Compressive strength is calculated by dividing the maximum load

by the original cross-sectional area of a specimen in a compression test.

Significance of the Study

This research would provide information about the effect of different curing methods in

compressive strength of concrete.

Statement of the Problem

This research was conducted to study about the effectivity of different curing methods

applied on concrete.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:

1. What are the effects of different curing methods in the compressive strength of

concrete?

2. What is the most effective curing method that will give the highest result for the

compressive strength of concrete?

xviii
Objectives of the Study

The general objectives of the study were to determine the effects of different curing

methods applied on concrete.

Specific Objectives

1. To determine the effects of different curing methods in the compressive strength

of concrete; and

2. To determine the most effective curing method that will give the highest result for

the compressive strength of concrete.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This research focused only on determining the effects of different curing methods in the

compressive strength of concrete. Curing methods were limited only to air drying method, plastic

sheeting method, and water sprinkling method.

xix
Operational Definition of Terms

Compressive strength. – It is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to

reduce size. It can be measured by plotting applied force against deformation in a testing

machine. Some materials fracture at their compressive strength limit; others deform

irreversibly, so a given amount of deformation may be considered as the limit for

compressive load. Compressive strength is a key value for design of structures.

Concrete. - is a composite material composed mainly of water, aggregate, and cement. Often,

additives and reinforcements are included in the mixture to achieve the desired physical

properties of the finished material. When these ingredients are mixed together, they form

a fluid mass that is easily molded into shape. Over time, the cement forms a hard matrix

which binds the ingredients together into a durable stone-like material with many uses.

Curing. - is the process in which concrete is protected from loss of moisture and kept within a

reasonable temperature range. The result of this process is increased strength and

decreased permeability. Curing is also a paramount in mitigating cracks in the concrete,

which severely impacts durability. Cracks allow open access for harmful materials to

bypass the low permeability concrete near the surface. Adequate curing can mitigate the

appearance of unplanned cracking.

Slump test. - is an empirical test that measures the workability and consistency of fresh concrete.

More specifically, it measures the consistency of the concrete in that specific batch.

Universal testing machine (UTM). -also known as a universal tester, materials testing

machine or materials test frame, is used to test the tensile stress and the compressive

xx
strength of materials. It is named so because it can perform many standard tensile and

compression tests on materials, components, and structures.

xxi
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Curing concrete can be defined as a chemical process that ensures the hydration of

cement in newly placed concrete. The curing process is part of the chemical reaction between

Portland cement and water to hydrate the product, creating a gel that can be laid down only in

water-filled space. It usually involves the control of moisture loss and the temperature affecting

the hydration process. Concrete must be placed, ideally between 50 degrees and 75

degrees Fahrenheit, or between 10 degrees and 22 degrees Centigrade. And this temperature

must be maintained during concrete curing. The curing process is vital to quality and has a strong

influence on concrete properties such as durability, strength, water tightness, resistance, volume,

and freezing and thawing resistance.

(http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blconcrete.htm)

Curing concrete is required to allow a transitional and constant evaporation of water from the

concrete mix. How soon should it start the concrete to be cured? It all depends on the

environmental conditions in which the concrete was placed and whether it was placed in between

forms, directly over ground, submerged in water, and others. The best practice is to cure the

concrete shortly after the chemical reaction has started allowing the concrete to be

hardened. Concrete should not be allowed to dry fast in any situation, and the curing conditions

are likely to be maintained during the first 24 hours or at least until the final setting time of

cement has passed.

xxii
Water Curing

Curing concrete with water prevents excessive loss of moisture when the concrete is

covered with a layer of water for a predetermined period of time. Curing concrete with water

allows for the control of the evaporation of moisture from the surface as the concrete gradually

produces its chemical reaction that will eventually harden the concrete. Water curing can be done

using the following techniques:

Immersion- Immersion curing is usually done in concrete testing for curing concrete test

specimens.

Ponding- Ponding is used to cure flat surfaces on jobs or controlled areas where water

could be easily ponded.

Fogging- Fogging is used in circumstances where the temperatures are above freezing

and there is low humidity.

Wet Covering- Curing concrete with wet covering is done after concrete has hardened

sufficient enough where the covering will not damage concrete’s surface.

Membrane Curing

Membrane curing is a process of controlling the curing of concrete by sealing in the

moisture that would be evaporate. The process is accomplished either by spraying a sealer on the

surface or by covering the surface with a sheet film.

Curing concrete with membrane or plastic sheeting is the most practical and efficient

way to cure concrete in today's construction industry. Sometimes water is unavailable to cure

xxiii
concrete or if done using an incorrect procedure can alter the surface finishing of your

concrete product. Sometime adding water to concrete that has not finished its hardening process

could adversely affect the hydration process, thus altering the concrete’s properties. A minimum

thickness is required to ensure adequate strength in the sheet; ASTM C 171 Sheet Materials for

Curing Concrete specifies 0.01 mm.(http//construction.about.com/od/glossary/g/astm-american-

society-for-testing-and-materials.htm) Concrete should be covered with a membrane, either

plastic or chemical compound that will likely seal off the pores and retard the evaporation of

water from concrete.

Dry-Air Curing

Dry-air curing is a curing method wherein the concrete cubes are left in open air to be

cured at room temperature. Researchers have been working on the natural air drying of concrete

since long.

xxiv
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The conceptual model of the study is shown in the form of paradigm in figure 1. It

utilizes the input, the throughput, and the output approach.

The INPUT of the study consisted of information and facts from related literature,

materials, tools and equipment use for casting of concrete.

The THROUGHPUT covers the different process involved in determination of the effect

of different curing methods in the compressive strength of concrete.

The OUTPUT covers the application of different curing methods to finished concrete.

The Research Conceptual Model

INPUT THROUGHPUT OUTPUT

-information and
facts from related
literature -determination of
curing methods -Finished concrete
-materials
-curing process
-tools and
equipment

FEED BACK

Figure 1. The conceptual paradigm of the study

xxv
 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Time and Place of the study

This research study was conducted at Barangay Sandoval, Narra, Palawan. Samples were

tested at the College of Engineering and Technology, Western Philippines University, San Juan,

Aborlan, Palawan.

Paradigm of Activities

Determination of curing methods

Collection and preparation of materials

Mixing of concrete

Preparation of samples

Curing

Analysis

xxvi
 Figure 2. The Research Paradigm`

Materials, Tools and Equipment Used in the Study

Materials:
0.254 bags of Ordinary Portland Cement (40 kg)
0.1413 cubic meter of sand (fine aggregates)
0.2826 cubic meter of gravel (course aggregates)
Water
Used oil
Tools:
9 pcs. 4” x 8” Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe
1 pc. Shovel
1 pc. Mason trowel
1 pc. Polyethylene sheet
Equipment:
Universal testing machine (UTM)

xxvii
Determination of Curing Methods

The three curing methods used in concrete were as follows;

 Sprinkling Method

 Plastic sheeting Method

 Air drying Method

Collection and Preparation of Materials

Ordinary Portland cement, course aggregates (gravel), fine aggregates (sand), and water

were collected. Nine (9) pieces of four (4) inches in diameter and eight (8) inches in length

polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and thirty (30) inches by forty (40) inches of polyethylene sheet

were also prepared.

Mixing of Concrete

Ordinary Portland cement was used as the main binder. Common course aggregates and

fine aggregates were also used. Lastly, fresh potable water was used to prepare the concrete and

for curing purposes.

Preparation of Samples

A total of (9) nine cylindrical moulds having dimensions of four (4) inches in diameter

and eight (8) inches in length lubricated with oil were prepared. They were filled with Class-A

mixture of concrete tamped for 25 times to expel the entrapped air and to prevent voids, and

marked with initials for identification purposes. Samples were settled for 24 hours, then removed

from the moulds to subject to its curing process.

xxviii
Curing

Curing started after removing the concrete samples from the moulds. The concrete

samples were cured for 28 days. They were then subjected to air drying method where the

concrete samples were left in an open air to be cured at a room temperature; plastic sheeting

method, a curing method which covers the concretes surface with a polyethylene sheet which

prevents the evaporation; and water sprinkling curing method where water prevents excessive

loss of moisture.

Analysis

Analysis of data covers overall performance and results of the test. It was analyzed using

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the effects of different curing methods in the

compressive strength of concrete.

xxix
 Chapter IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The samples in every treatment were cured for 28 days. After curing, the samples were

subjected to Compression Test to measure their compressive strength. It was tested at the

College of Engineering and Technology, Western Philippines University, Aborlan, Palawan

using Universal Testing Machine (UTM).

Compressive Strength

Compressive strength of concrete is the most common performance measure used by

engineers in designing every structures to determine the concretes strength. This study was able

to determine the effects of different curing methods in the compressive strength of concrete at

the maximum curing period.

Table 1.0 presents the compressive strength attained by the cylindrical concrete samples.

The results revealed that the highest compressive strength of 15.79 N/mm2 was obtained by

treatment 3 (Water sprinkling method) followed by treatment 2 (Plastic sheeting method) with a

mean of 12.87 N/mm2 and lastly the treatment 1 (Air drying curing method) with a mean of

12.10 N/mm2.

Statistical Analysis revealed that treatment 1 (Air drying curing method) and treatment 2

(Plastic sheeting method) were significantly different from treatment 3 (Water sprinkling

method) but not significantly different from each other. This implies that curing of concrete with

water treatment produces higher compressive strength on concrete.

xxx
 This implies that water curing produces higher compressive strength compare to other

curing methods.

Among the three curing methods used in the study water curing, for as long as sprinkling

method is used, is the most effective method to cure the concrete.

Table 1. Maximum strength for 28 days curing period.

Treatment Replication Total Mean

1 2 3
Dry-air 12.92 12.35 11.05 36.32 12.10a

Plastic sheeting 14.59 12.12 11.92 38.63 12.87a

sprinkling 16.90 15.26 15.21 47.37 15.79b

Grand Total 122.31

Grand Mean 13.59

Cv= 14.27%

ANOVA

Sources of Degrees of Sum of Mean of Computed F – Tabulated

variation freedom (DF) squares squares (MS) F - value 5% 1%
(SS)

Treatment 2 22.92 11.46 8.81* 5.14% 10.92%

Error 6 7.82 1.30

Total 8 30.74

* = Significant
Cv = 8.39%

xxxi
 Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

This research study entitled “Study on the Effect of Different Curing Methods in the

Compressive Strength of Concrete’’ was conducted at Sandoval, Narra, Palawan from December

2014 to February 2015. Testing of samples were done at the College of Engineering and

Technology, Western Philippines University, Aborlan Palawan using Universal Testing Machine

(UTM).

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of different curing methods

applied on concrete. The specific objectives were; to determine the effects of different curing

methods in the compressive strength of concrete, and to determine the curing method, that will

give the highest compressive strength on concrete.

There were three (3) treatment used, the treatment 1 (air drying method) treatment 2

(plastic sheeting method), and treatment 3 (water sprinkling method) with three (3) replications.

The proportion of cement, sand, and gravel was 1:2:4. The results revealed that the highest

compressive strength of 15.79 N/mm2 was obtained by treatment 3 (water sprinkling method)

followed by treatment 2 (plastic sheeting method) with a mean of 12.87 N/mm 2, and treatment 1

(air drying method) with a mean of 12.10 N/mm2.

xxxii
 Statistical analysis revealed that treatment 3 which is water sprinkling method was

significantly different from other treatments but not significantly different from treatment 2

which is plastic sheeting method Therefore, concrete should be cured with water to prevent

excessive loss of moisture and to increase its maximum compressive strength.

Conclusion

Based on the result of the study, the author concludes that water curing is the best method

to cure the concrete. Proper treatment on a newly placed concrete should also be practiced.

Recommendation

Based from the results of the study, the researcher came up with the following

Recommendations:

1. The use of treatment 3 (water sprinkling method) in curing the concrete to

increase the compressive strength.

2. Further Study about the other curing techniques and their proper application on

concrete be conducted.

xxxiii
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

THESIS
Abadines, Monica P., 2014. A study on the effect of palm bunch ash as admixture on the
compressive and flexural strength of concrete

PDF FILES
Kholia et al., Effect on concrete by different curing method and efficiency of curing compounds
-a review.

WEBSITES
Lambert Corporation (1999): Concrete Curing, www.lambertusa.com, 11-30-2014; 9:41 PM.
www.engineeringcivil.com/assessment-of-the-properties-of-self-cured-concrete, 12-11-
2014; 8:17 AM

http://www.google.com.ph/search?sclient=psyab&site=&source=hp&q=diferent+curing+method
s+on+concrete&btnK=Google+Search# , 12-11-2014; 5:46 PM

http://www.google.com.ph/search?sclient=psyab&site=&source=hp&q=study+on+the+different
+curing+methods+applied+on+concrete&btnK=Google+Search, 12-16-2014; 1:55 PM

xxxiv
APPENDICES

xxxv
Computation for compressive strength
Given; Diameter =100 mm
Height = 200 mm
Area = 7853.98 mm2
For treatment 1 (Dry-air method)
Replication 1: P= 101,410 N
Solution; f’c = P/A
= 101,410 N/7853.98 mm2
f’c = 12.91 N/mm2

Replication 2: P = 97.020 N
Solution; f’c = P/A
= 97,020 N/7853.98 mm2
f’c = 12.35 N/mm2

Replication 3: P = 86,790 N
Solution; f’c = P/A
= 86,790 N/7853.98mm2
f’c = 11.05 N/mm2

For treatment 2 (Water Sprinkling Method)

Replication 1: P = 132,770 N
Solution; f’c = P/A
= 132,770 N/mm2
f’c = 16.90 N/mm2

Replication 2: P = 11,985 N
Solution; f’c = P/A
= 11, 985 N/7853.90 mm2

xxxvi
 f’c = 15.26 N/mm2
Replication 3: P = 124,210 N
Solution; f’c = P/A
= 124,210 N/7853.98
f’c = 15.21 N/mm2

For treatment 3 (Plastic sheeting method)

Replication 1: P= 114,620 N
Solution; f’c = P/A
= 114,620 N/7853.98 mm2
f’c = 14. 59 N/mm2

Replication 2: P = 95,180 N
Solution; f’c = P/A
=95,180 N/mm2
f’c = 12.12 N/mm2

Replication 3: P = 93,600 N
Solution; f’c = P/A
= 93,600 N/7853 mm2
f’c =11.91 N/mm2

xxxvii
PICTORIALS

xxxviii
Figure 3. Curing of Concrete by Plastic Sheeting

xxxix
Figure 4. Air drying of concrete samples

xl
 Moulds filled with concrete

Figure 5. Samples after sprinkling of water (water sprinkling method)

xli
Figure 6. Samples subjected to Compressive Test

xlii