Chapter 7 Respiration

TAJUK: RESPIRASI

BAHAGIAN A : OBJEKTIF

1. Which structure is involved in the breathing of a frog?

Struktur manakah yang terlibat dalam pernafasan katak?
A Rib cage B Diaphragm
Sangkar rusuk Diafragma

C Intercostal muscle D Mouth cavity

Otot interkosta Rongga mulut

2. In the respiratory system of a fish, where does gaseous exchange occur?

Dalam system respirasi ikan, di manakah pertukaran gas berlaku?
A Gill raker B Gill arch
Sisir insang Lengkungan insang
C Filament D Mouth
Filamen Mulut

3. The following equation shows the process that take place in the muscle cell of an athlete
while doing a vigorous activity .

Glucose R + energy

Persamaan berikut menunjukkan proses yang berlaku dalam sel otot seorang atlet
semasa melakukan aktiviti cergas.

Glukosa R + tenaga

What is R?
Apakah R?
A Carbon diokside B Lactic acid
Karbon dioksida Asid laktik
B Ethanol D Water
Etanol Air

4. Where does aerobic respiration occur in the cell?

Di manakah respirasi aerobic berlaku dalam satu sel?
A Nucleolus B Chloroplast
Nukleolus Kloroplas
C Ribosome D Mitochondrion
Ribosom Mitokondria

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 Chapter 7 Respiration

5. Diagram shows parts of the tracheal system of insects.

Rajah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada system trakea pada serangga.

What are substances X and Y?

Apakah bahan X dan Y?

X Y
Oxygen Carbon dioxide
A Oksigen Karbon dioksida 6. Which of the
Carbon dioxide Oxygen following are
B Karbon dioksida Oksigen responsible for the
Oxygen Water transport of carbon
C Oksigen Air dioxide in blood?
Water Oxygen Antara yang
D Air Oksigen berikut, yang
manakah
bertanggung jawab untuk mengangkut karbon dioksida dalam darah?
A Platelets B Neutrophils
Platlet Neutrofil
C Red blood cell D Lymphocytes
Sel darah merah Limfosit

7. Which of the following equations represents the reaction that occurs when yeast carries
out respiration in the absence of oxygen?
Antara persamaan berikut, yang manakah mewakili tindakbalas yang berlaku semasa
yis melakukan respirasi dalam keadaan ketiadaan oksigen?
A Glucose → Lactic acid + energy
Glukosa → Asid laktik + tenaga
B Glucose → Etanol + karbon dioxide + energy
Glukosa → Etanol + Karbon dioksida + tenaga
C Glucose → karbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Glukosa → karbon dioxide + air + tenaga
D Glucose → Oxygen + water + energy
Glukosa → Oksigen + Air + tenaga

8. What happen if alveoli are torn and punctured?

Apakah yang berlaku jika alveolus koyak dan bocor?
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 Chapter 7 Respiration

A Gasping
Tercungap-cungap
B Sneezing
Bersin
C Shivering
Menggigil
D Swallowing
Menelan

9. Which of the following contributes to the accumulation of lactic acid in an athlete’s

muscles after running in 100 m sprint?
Antara berikut, yang manakah menyumbang kepada pengumpulan asid laktik di dalam
otot seorang atlet selepas berlari dalam 100m lari pecut?
A Anaerobic respiration in muscles increases
Respirasi anaerobik di dalam otot meningkat
B Anaerobic respiration in muscle decreases
Respirasi anaerobik di dalam otot menurun
C Aerobic respiration in muscles increases
Respirasi aerobik di dalam otot meningkat
D Aerobic respiration in muscles decreases
Respirasi aerobik di dalam otot menurun

10. The oxygen carried by the haemoglobin in red blood cells is in the form of…
Oksigen diangkut oleh hemoglobin dalam sel darah merah dalam bentuk..
A Carbonic acid
Asid karbonik
B Oxyhaemoglobin
Oksihemoglobin
C Bicarbonate ions
Ion bikarbonat
D Carbaminohaemoglobin
Karbaminohemoglobin

BAHAGIAN B: STRUKTUR

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 Chapter 7 Respiration

1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pertukaran gas respirasi X dan Y diantara alveoli, saluran
darah dan sel badan serta pengangkutan gas-gas tersebut.

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 Chapter 7 Respiration

Diagram below shows the exchange of respiratory gases X and Y between the alveolus,
blood capillary and the body cells and the transport of the gaseous.
Gas Y Gas X

Alveolus
Alveolus

Q P

Sel badan
Body cells

Diagram/Rajah 1

(a) (i) Namakan gas X dan Y

Name gas X and Y.

Gas X :

Gas Y :
[2 markah]

[2 marks]

(ii) Terangkan bagaimana alveoli distrukturkan untuk meningkatkan

kecekapan proses pertukaran gas.
Explain how the alveolus is structured to increase the efficiency of gaseous
exchange.
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 Chapter 7 Respiration

[2 markah]

[2 marks]

(b) Terangkan perbezaan antara kepekatan gas X dan Y dalam salur darah Q.
Explain the difference between the concentration of gas X and Y in blood vessel
Q.

[2 markah]

[2 marks]

(c) Kepekatan gas X yang diangkut dalam salur darah P seseorang penghisap rokok
adalah lebih rendah berbanding individu yang sihat.
Terangkan mengapa keadaan ini berlaku.
The concentration of gas X transported in blood vessel P of a cigarette smoker is
usually lower than the one in healthy individual.
Explain why this occurs.

[2 markah]

[2 marks]

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 Chapter 7 Respiration

(d) Dalam satu kajian, seorang budak lelaki telah mengambil bahagian dalam acara
trek 800 meter. Udara hembusannya telah diambil sebanyak tiga kali iaitu
sebelum berlari, sebaik sahaja selesai berlari dan 10 minit selepas berlari untuk
mendapatkan peratus karbon dioksida. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan hasil kajian
tersebut.
In an experiment, a boy takes part in an 800 meter event track. His exhaled air
was obtained three times which were before running, right after he finished
running and 10 minutes after running to determine the percentage of carbon
dioxide. Table below shows the result of the experiment.

Sebelum Sebaik sahaja Selepas 10 minit

berlari selesai berlari berlari

Before Right after he After 10 minutes

running finishes running running

Peratus karbon
dioksida (%)

Percentage of 4% 7.5 % 4%
carbon dioxide (%)

Berdasarkan jadual di atas, terangkan bagaimana peratus karbon dioksida dapat

dikembalikan kepada normal selepas 10 minit berlari
Based on table above, explain how the percentage of carbon dioxide is returned
to normal after 10 minutes running.

[4 markah]

[4 marks]

SOALAN ESEI

1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua proses penghasilan tenaga dalam otot manusia.
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 Chapter 7 Respiration

Diagram below shows two processes of energy production in human muscles.

Oksigen Glukosa Chemical equation:

Oxygen Glucose

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2898 kJ

2898 kJ glukosa oksigen air tenaga
Tenaga glucose oxygen water energy
Energy
Proses P
Process P

Glukosa
Glucose

C 6H 12O 6 C 3H 6O 3 + 150 kJ
150 kJ glukosa asid laktik tenaga
Tenaga glucose lactic acid energy
Energy
Proses P
Process P

(a) Berdasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan proses P dan proses Q.

Based on the diagram above, explain process P and process Q.

[4 markah]

[4 marks]

(b) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pusat respirasi dan kemoreseptor yang mana terlibat dalam
kawalatur kandungan karbon dioksida dalam badan.

Diagram below shows the respiratory centre and chemoreceptors which are involved in the
regulation of the carbon dioxide content in the body.

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 Chapter 7 Respiration

Serebrum
Cerebrum

Kemoresptor pusat di
medula oblongala
Central chemoreceptors Purat respirasi
in the medulla oblongata Respiaratory centre

Medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata

Berdaasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan bagaimana pusat respirasi bertindak balas apabila
karbon dioksida meningkat semasa aktiviti cergas.

Based on the diagram above, explain how respiratory centre responses when the carbon
dioxide content in the body increases during vigorous exercise.

[6 markah]

[6 marks]

(c) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan proses menarik nafas dalam ikan.

Diagram below shows the inhalation process in a fish.

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 Chapter 7 Respiration

Rongga
mulut
Bucal
cavity

Insang
Gill
Rongga
operkulum
Opercular
cavity

(i) Terangkan mekanisma pernafasan dalam ikan.

Describe the breathing mechanisms in fish.

[4 markah]

[4 marks]

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan struktur respirasi X dan Y dalam ikan dan manusia.

Diagram below shows the respiratory structure X and Y in the fish and human.

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 Chapter 7 Respiration

(ii) Terangkan persamaan di antara struktur respirasi X dan Y untuk berfungsi dengan
baik.

Explain the similarities between respiratory structure X and Y in order to function

efficiently.

[6 markah]

[6 marks]

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 Chapter 7 Respiration

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