c ausmif;oifcef;pm azazmf0g&D 12?

2019

2019 ckESpf? wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJtwGuf jrefrmpmbmom&yfqdkif&m odaumif;p&m

a'gufwmatmifjrifhOD; ygarmu© (XmerSL;) jrefrmpmXme? &efukefwuúodkvf
,ckycYkd scsufonf 2019 ckEpS ?f wuúov kd 0f ifpmar;yGaJ jzqdMk urnfh ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ]]jrefrmpmbmom&yfqikd &f m odaumif;p&mrsm;}} jzpfygonf/ þydcYk scsufonf jrefrmpm jy|mef;pmrsm;udk avhvmusufrw S &f mwGif tqifajy
acsmarGUap&efESifh wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJBuD; ajzqdk&mwGif xl;cRefaygufajrmufpGm ajzqdkEdkifap&ef &nf&G,fygonf/ ,ck 2018-2019 ynmoifESpfonf wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJ ajzqdkMurnfh ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf xl;jcm;aom
ynmoifEpS w f pfEpS jf zpfayonf/ jrefrmhynma&;tqift h wef; ydrk jkd rifrh m;vmap&ef jyKjyifajymif;vJrw I pf&yftjzpf 2019 ckEpS f rwfvwGif usif;yrnfh wuúov kd 0f ifpmar;yGu J kd ar;cGe;f ykpH o H pfjzifh ajzqdMk u&rnf jzpfygonf/ ,ckycYkd scsufwiG af r;cGe;f
ykHpHopfESifhtnD tH0ifcGifusajzqdkEdkifa&;twGuf aqG;aEG;ydkYcsoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/
jrefrmpmbmom&yfar;cGe;f ykpH o H pfonf ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; oifcef;pmudk EIww f u kd f tvGwu f sufrw S jf cif; ar;cGe;f eHygwfEiS hf rdrad &G;cs,f ajzqdak omeHygwf wlnrD &I &dS ygrnf/ ar;cGe;f ESihf tajzeHygwfuu kd n f jD cif;r&Syd gu tajzrSef
udkavQmhcsNyD; wpfESpfywfvkH;oif,lavhvmqnf;yl;xm;onfh oifcef;pmrsm;udk udk,fydkifpOf;pm;awG;ac:rI? udk,fydkif apumrl trSwq f ;Hk ½I;H rnfjzpfygonf/ pum;ajyar;cGe;f wdak jzqd&k mwGiv f nf; uAsmar;cGe;f wdu k o hJ yYkd if 0gustjynft h pkH
wDxGifzefwD;EdkifrI? udk,fydkifa&;om;wifjyrI? udk,fwdkifqkH;jzwfEdkifrIpGrf;&nfwdkYjzifh aygif;pyfum ajzqdkEdkifrnfhykHpHodkY a&;om;ajzqdkoifhygonf/
OD;wnfajymif;vJxm;ygonf/ ar;cGe;f ykpH o H pfonf tvGwu f sufrw S rf EI iS hf ud, k yf ikd af wG;ac:pOf;pm; zefw;D a&;om;Edik rf I ar;cGe;f eHygwf 4 (c) onf pum;ajyar;cGe;f &Snjf zpfygonf/ pum;ajyar;cGe;f &Sno f nfvnf; uAsmar;cGe;f &Snu f o hJ Ykd
wdkYudk [efcsufnDnD aygif;pyfxm;jcif;jzpf&m ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh ar;cGef;ykHpHopf\ OD;wnfcsuf yif ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;\ avhvmusufrSwfrItwGufay;rSwf\ wpf0uf? rdrdudk,fydkifta&;tom;twif
twdik ;f tvGwu f sufrw S rf EI iS hf ud,k yf ikd pf Of;pm;awG;ac:a&;om;Edik rf w I u Ykd kd [efcsufnn D D avhvmoif,l avhusifx h m;Mu tjypGr;f &nfjzifh ar;cGe;f ESihf tH0ifciG u f sjzpfatmif ajzqdw k ifjyEdik rf t I wGuf ay;rSw\ f wpf0uf ppfaq;tuJjzwfonfh
&ef txl;vdktyfvSygonf/ ar;cGe;f jzpfygonf/ pum;ajyar;cGe;f &Snaf jzqd&k mwGif ar;cGe;f \½Iaxmifu h kd aocsmpGmzwf½NI yD; ar;xm;onf½h aI xmifh
wuúodkvf0ifwef; jrefrmpmar;cGef;vTmwGif ar;cGef;eHygwf(1) ar;cGef;onf jrefrmo'´gar;cGef;jzpfygonf/ twdkif; tH0ifcGifusajzqdkEdkif&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ ar;cGef;½IaxmifhudkowdrrlbJ rdrdtvGwfusufrSwfxm;onfh
xdak r;cGe;f wGif usufrw S rf EI iS ahf vhusifrh u I kd [efcsufnpD mG aygif;pyfxm;ygonf/ jrefrmo'´gar;cGe;f wGif t"dutm;jzifh tyk'Ef iS ahf cgif;pOfwo l jzifh tcsuftvufrsm;udck snf; tajrmuftjrm; a&;om;aeygu ay;rSw\ f wpf0ufatmufom
tydik ;f ESpyf ikd ;f yg0ifygonf/ t"dymÜ ,fziG q hf kd owfrw S cf sufrsm;? o'´goabmw&m;rsm;udk ppfaq;onft h ydik ;f ESihf jrefrm &&SdEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/
o'´gqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfrQvufawGUtokH;csEdkifonfudk ppfaq;tuJjzwfonfhtydkif;wdkY jzpfMuygonf/ ar;cGef;eHygwf(5) onf a&onfjyZmwfar;cGef;jzpfygonf/ ar;cGef;yk'fcGJESpfyk'f yg0ifygonf/ eHygwf5(u)onf
,cifESpfrsm;u jrefrmo'´gar;cGef;wGif ar;cGef;yk'fcGJ (u)? (c)? (*) okH;yk'fyg0ifcJhaomfvnf; ,ck2019 ckESpfwGif a&onfjyZmwfpum;pyfar;cGef;jzpfNyD; (c)onf tyk'f&Snfar;cGef; jzpfygonf/ eHygwf 5 (u)pum;pyfar;cGef;wGif
pwifrnfh jrefrmo'´gqdkif&m ar;cGef;wGif ar;cGef;yk'fcGJ (u)ESifh (c) ESpfyk'fom yg0ifrnfjzpfonf/ ,cifu(7)rSwfay;onfh ar;cGef;ykHpHtpm; (5)rSwfay;onfh ar;cGef;ykHpHodkY ajymif;vJowfrSwfxm;ygonf/ ajzqdk&m
ar;cGe;f 1(u) jzpfonfh yxrydik ;f wGif jrefrmpum;qdik &f modrw S zf , G &f mtcef;rS tkwcf u G pf m? ausmufpmponfh wGirf nfonft h cef;rSjzpfonfukd azmfjyonft h csufEiS hf pum;pyfqikd &f mtcsufrsm; (rnfou l ? rnfou Yl ?kd rnfonft h csde?f
pmtrsKd;rsKd;? n ajymif;vJy?kH 'axG; ajymif;vJy?kH tu©&m OD ajymif;vJykH ponfh tu©&myHo k ²mefajymif;vJyrkH sm;? Xmef? rnfonfh ae&mrSm? rnfonft h wGuaf Mumif)h pkpak ygif;tcsuf(6)csuftwGuf (3)rSw?f rnfonfuakd jymonf [lonfh
u½dkPf;ESifhy,wf? pum;oHjzpft*¯rsm;?? 0gp*Fqdkif&m t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm;? 0gusqdkif&mt"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm; qdv k &kd if;udk &Si;f vif;a&;om;ajzqdjk cif;twGuf (2)rSwf owfrw S xf m;&m vd&k if;wd&k iS ;f ajzqdEk ikd &f ef txl;owdjyKoifh
wdkYrS yg0ifygonf/ tqdkygar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&mwGifusufrSwfrIudktm;jyKí tcsuftvufrsm;udk tpDtpOfwus ygonf/ yg0ifonft h cef;udk azmfjy&mwGif tcef;eHygwfoufoufukd azmfjyjcif;xuf tcef;trnfuykd g ,SOw f aJG zmfjy
a&;&rnfjzpfNyD; vdt k yfonfo h m"ursm;udv k nf; xnfo h iG ;f ajzqd&k rnfjzpfonf/ ar;cGe;f eHygwf 1(u)wGif (3)ck ay; oifhygonf/
xm;NyD; (1)ckudk ajzqdkMu&rnfjzpfonf/ eHygwf 5 (c)onf a&onfjyZmwfar;cGef;&SnfwGif ,cifutaMumif;t&mydkif;udkomar;NyD; ay;rSwfrSm (8)
ar;cGef; 1 (c) 'kwd,ydkif;wGif jrefrmo'´gqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk vufawGUusus rnfrQ od&Sdonf? rnfrQ rSwfjzpfaomfvnf; ,ckusifhokH;rnfh ar;cGef;ykHpHopfwGif jyZmwftaMumif;t&m wpfyk'fESifh jyZmwftwwfynm
tokH;csEdkifonfqdkonfudk ppfaq;tuJjzwfonfh ar;cGef;jzpfygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh o'´gavhusifhcef;ar;cGef;[k ta&;tom; wpfyk'f ar;jref;rnfjzpfygonf/ ESpfyk'fteuf ESpfouf&mwpfyk'fudk a&G;cs,fajzqdk&ygrnf/ ay;rSwfudk
qdEk ikd yf gonf/ jrefrmo'´gjy|mef;csufyg oifcef;pmrsm;rS ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; trSew f u,fem;vnfajzqdEk ikd rf nfh ,cifu(8)rSwt f pm;(10)rSwo f Ykd ajymif;vJowfrw S x
f m;ygonf/ (10)rSww f efar;cGe;f jzpfonft h wGuf (10)rSwEf iS hf
vufawGU avhusifch ef; trsKd;rsKd;udk ar;jref;rnfjzpfygonf/ o'´gavhusifch ef;rsm;udk ajzqdEk ikd &f eftwGuf o'´gpmtkyrf S vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfatmif avhvmxm;&efvdktyfygonf/ ,cifu(8)rSwfay;onfh taetxm;rsKd;jzifhom
oabmw&m;rsm;udk aumif;pGmem;vnfoabmaygufatmifavhvmNyD; avhusifch ef;rsm;udk txyfxyftcgcg avhusifh avhvmjyifqifxm;rnfqykd gu &rSwaf vsmhenf;oGm;Edik yf gonf/ ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh jyZmwfavhvm&m
xm;&rnf jzpfonf/ wGif jyZmwf\ ta&;tom;? twiftjyESihf jyZmwfzefw;D rItwwfynmwdu Yk v kd nf; rvGrJ aoG avhvmqnf;yl;oifh
ar;cGef;ykHpHopf\ eHygwf 1(c)onf ,cifu (4)rSwfay;onfh 1 (c)ar;cGef;ESifh (6)rSwfay;onfh 1 (*)ar;cGef; onfjzpf&m twwfynmESifh ta&;tom;wdkYudkvnf; jyZmwfar;cGef;wGif xnfhoGif;ar;jref;oGm;rnf jzpfygonf/
yk'cf EJG pS cf uk kd aygif;pyfum 1(c)(10)rSwaf y;onfh ar;cGe;f tjzpf pkpnf;xm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ þar;cGe;f wGif o'´gpum;vk;H ar;cGe;f eHygwf(6) onf ,cifu pmpDpmuk;H wpfrsKd;wnf;udo k m ajzqd&k onfah r;cGe;f jzpfaomfvnf; ajymif;vJrnfh
ESihf o'´gtrsKd;tpm; ar;cGe;f rsKd;omru o'´gpum;vk;H zGUJ pnf;a&;om;apjcif; (Oyrm - aygif;pyf emrfpum;vk;H ? aygif;pyf ar;cGef;ykHpHwGif ar;cGef;eHygwf(6)udk (u)ESifh(c)cGJí ar;cGef;yk'fcGJ ESpfyk'ftjzpf jyifqifxm;ygonf/ 6(u)udk (10)
Bud,m pum;vk;H ? Bud,m0daooe pum;vk;H zefw;D a&;om;apjcif;)? 0guswGi;f yk't f xm;tokd jyifqifa&;zGaUJ pjcif;? rSwfay;onfh pmpDpmukH;ar;cGef;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? 6(c)udk tqdkwpfck aqG;aEG;aponfh (10)rSwfay;aom
ay;xm;onf0h guswGif qDavsmfonfh o'´gpum;vk;H jznfph u G af &;om;apjcif;pojzifh o'´g avhusifch ef; ar;cGe;f trsKd;rsKd;udk ar;cGe;f tjzpfvnf;aumif; ajymif;vJxm;ygonf/ ,ciftrSw(f 20)ay;onfh pmpDpmuk;H wpfy'k w f nf;udk ajzqd&k jcif;rS
ar;jref;Edkifygonf/ pmpDpmukH;ESifh tqdkaqG;aEG; ta&;tom; ESpfyk'fcGJa0ajzqdk&rnf jzpfonf/ ESpfyk'fajzqdk&rnfjzpf&m ESpfcgpOf;pm;
ar;cGe;f ykpH o H pf ar;cGe;f eHygwf(2) wGif ar;cGe;f yk'cf o JG ;Hk yk'f yg0ifygonf/ ar;cGe;f eHygwf 2(u)onf cufqpfuakd jzqd&k ajzqd&k rnft h csufukd txl;owdjyK&ef vdt k yfygonf/ xdo k Ykd pOf;pm;&rnft h csdeEf iS hf a&;om;&rnft h csdew f u Ykd kd vkaH vmuf
onfh ar;cGe;f jzpfygonf/ cufqpfar;cGe;f twGuf uAsm? pum;ajy? a&onfjyZmwf jy|mef;pmtky(f 3)tkyw f iG f t"dymÜ ,f rI&Sdap&ef BudKwifavhusifh jyifqifxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
zGifhqdkay;xm;onfh a0g[m&rsm;udk wdusrSefuefpGm usufrSwfxm;&rnf jzpfygonf/ cufqpfzGifhqdkjyxm;aom 6 (u)pmpDpmuk;H ar;cGe;f wGif (2)yk'af y;xm;NyD; (1)yk'af jzqd&k rnfjzpfonf/ pmpDpmuk;H a&;om;&ef ykMH urf;tcsuf
a0g[m&rsm;wGif wpfacsmif;yk'f cHxm;ygu t"dymÜ ,fjynfph jHk cif;r&Sad o;onft h wGuf qufvufazmfjy&ef vdt k yfygonf/ tvuf(5)csufay;xm;NyD; tcsufwpfcsufudk pmwpfykd'fEIef;jzifhajzqdk&rnfjzpfygonf/ ppfaq;tuJjzwf&mwGif
yk'rf cHxm;aom zGiq hf ckd sufjzpfygu zGiq hf ckd sufwpfcx k ufruyg&Sad evQif wpfcu k akd zmfjyvQif vkaH vmufygonf/ 2(u) a,bk,stm;jzifh tcsufwpfcsuf(2)rSwEf eI ;f jzifh tuJjzwf&ef vsmxm;ygonf/ pmpDpmuk;H ajz&mwGif txl;owdjyK&rnfh
cufqpfar;cGe;f wGif pum;vk;H (7)ckay;xm;NyD;(5)ckukd ajzqd&k ygrnf/ cufqpftzGihf ar;cGe;f wGif a&S;ok;H a0g[m&rsm; tcsufrmS ar;xm;onfh ykMH urf;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rdr\ d ud, k yf ikd pf wd uf ;l pdwo f ef;jzifh a&;om;ajzqd&k ef jzpfygonf/
omru acwfokH;a0g[m&rsm;vnf; yg0ifrnfjzpfygonf/ ay;xm;onfh ykHMurf;tcsuftvuf tpDtpOftwdkif; rdrdudk,fydkifta&;tom;jzifh ajzqdk&rnfjzpf&m ykHMurf;tcsuf
ar;cGe;f eHygwf2(*)onf tvuFmar;cGe;f jzpfonf/ ,ciftvuFmar;cGe;f wGif a0g[m&rsm;udk tvuFmtrsKd;trnf tvufrsm;udk tajcrcHbJ tvGwfusufrSwfajzqdkygu trSwf&&SdEdkifrnf r[kwfonfudk txl;owdjyKoifhygonf/
azmfjyvsuf ay;xm;Ny;D oufqikd &f moifcef;pmwGif rnfoo Ykd ;Hk xm;aMumif;ESihf tb,faMumifh xdt k vuFmajrmufaMumif; ,ckajymif;vJxm;onfh ar;cGe;f ykpH w H iG f pmpDpmuk;H udk tvGwu f sufrw S af eygu tcsderf sm;pGmukerf nft h jyif &rSwv f nf;
ar;ygonf/ ,ck2019 wGipf wifrnfh ar;cGe;f ykpH o H pfwiG f tvuFmtrsK;d trnfukd razmfjyawmhbJ ay;xm;aoma0g[m& qkH;½IH;oGm;Edkifygonf/
tok;H tEIe;f udk tvuFmtrsKd;tpm;azmfjyapjcif;ESihf oufqikd &f moifcef;pmwGif rnfoo Ykd ;Hk xm;onft h wGuf xdt k vuFm 6 (c)onf topfjznfhpGuf xnfhoGif;xm;aom ar;cGef;jzpfygonf/ ay;xm;aom tqdkwpf&yfudkzwf½INyD; rdrd
ajrmufaMumif; azmfjyapjcif;wdu Yk kd ar;jref;ygrnf/ ajzqd&k mwGif ykpH w H pfrsKd;rsKd;udk owfrw S af jzqdak pjcif;xuf ausmif;ol ESpo f uf&mbufrS &yfwnfaqG;aEG;apaom ar;cGe;f jzpfygonf/ þar;cGe;f onf ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;\ ud, k yf ikd f
ausmif;om;wdkY\ trSefwu,fem;vnfajzqdkEdkifonfh ajzqdkcsuftay:wGifom tuJjzwftrSwfay;oGm;rnf pOf;pm;ÓPf? tawG;tac:? yifut kd &nftaoG;azmfxw k jf yo&rnfh ar;cGe;f jzpfygonf/ tqdu k kd aqG;aEG;ajzqd&k mwGif
jzpfygonf/ ykpH o H pftvuFmar;cGe;f \ OD;wnfcsufonf tvuFmudk tvGwu f sufrw S jf cif;xuf tvuFm\ oabm pm[efta&;tom;jzifo h m a&;om;&rnfukd txl;owdjyK&ygrnf/ ausmif;olausmif;om;wd\ Yk ud, k yf ikd t f awG;tac:
obm0 em;vnfoabmaygufpGm ajzqdkEdkifrIudk OD;wnfxm;jcif;jzpf&m tvuFmajzqdk&mwGif rdrd\ em;vnf pdwu f ;l pdwof ef;aumif;vQifaumif;oavmuf? ta&;tom;twiftjyaumif;vQif aumif;oavmuf trSw&f &SEd ikd rf nfh
wwfajrmufxm;onfh tvuFmoabmrSefuefpGm ajzqdkEdkifvQif rnfonfhtwiftjyykHpHjzifh ajzqdkonfjzpfap ar;cGe;f jzpfygonf/ ay;xm;aomtqdrk mS vnf; ausmif;ol ausmif;om;tm;vk;H &if;ES;D uRrf;0ifrnfh a,bk,susaom
trSwfjynfh &&Sdrnfjzpfygonf/ ay;xm;aoma0g[m& ta&twGufrSm (7)ck jzpfNyD; (5)ck ajzqdk&rnf jzpfonf/ tqdrk sKd;udo
k m ay;xm;rnfjzpfygonf/ om"utm;jzif-h ]]rd;k &Gmjcif;onf aeomjcif;xuf ydík aysmf&iT zf , G af umif;onf}}?
ar;cGe;f eHygwf(3) wGif ar;cGe;f yk'cf EJG pS yf 'k f yg0ifygonf/ 3(u)rSm uAsmar;cGe;f wdjk zpfNyD; ar;cGe;f ykpH H tajymif;tvJ ]]yef;wumwdkYwGif ESif;qDyef;onf jrwfEdk;p&mtaumif;qkH; jzpfonf}} ponfh taMumif;t&mrsKd; jzpfygonf/
r&Sdaomfvnf; ar;rnfhar;cGef;udk ydkrdkus,fjyefYap&ef jyifqifxm;ygonf/ uAsmpmom;aumufEkwfcsuf twdk tqdak qG;aEG;ta&;tom; ajzqd&k eftwGuf &&Srd nft h csdet f wdik ;f twmudk tav;xm; owdjyK&rnfjzpfonf/
udkay;xm;NyD; qdkvdk&if;a&;om;aponfh ar;cGef;rsKd; yg0ifvmrnfjzpfygonf/ ajzqdk&ef ar;xm;onfh yk'fa&(7)yk'f tqdak qG;aEG;ar;cGe;f twGuf a&;om;csdeo f nf rdepf(20? 25)rdepfcefo Y m &&SEd ikd rf nfjzpf&m ajzqd&k rnfyh rmPudck sdeq f
jzpfygonf/ uAsmar;cGe;f wdrk sm;udk ajzqd&k mwGif txl;owdjyK&rnft h csufrmS a&G;cs,fonfh ar;cGe;f \eHygwfukd tajz Edik &f ef txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/ tqdak qG;aEG; ta&;tom;twGuf pmyk'd (f 4)yd'k o f m a&;om;ajzqdo k ifo h nf/ yxryd'k f
wGif rSeu f efpmG a&;om;azmfjy&efjzpfygonf/ (7)yk'af y;xm;onft h wGuf rdrad &G;cs,fonfeh yH gwfrsm;rSm tpOftwdik ;f onf tpysK;d onfeh 'd ge;f jzpfNy;D 'kw, d ESiw hf wd,yd'k w f o
Ykd nf pmud, k jf zpfygonf/ pwkwy¬ 'kd rf mS rdr\ d &yfwnfcsuu f kd twnfjyK
r[kwcf yhJ gu tajzwGif eHygwfpOfukd tpOftwdik ;f wyfum ajzqdík r&ay/ ar;cGe;f wGif ay;xm;onfh eHygwfEiS hf tajzyg ed*kH;csKyfonfh tydk'fjzpfonf/ pmwpfykd'ftwGuf a&;om;csdefudk(5)rdepfcefYom tokH;jyKoifhygonf/ pmydk'f wpfydk'f udk
eHygwfwdkY rwlnDygu tajzrSefaomfvnf; trSwfqkH;½IH;rnf jzpfygonf/ ar;cGef;wdkajzqdk&mwGif 0gustjynfhtpkH rnfrQyrmPa&;oifo h nfqo kd nfrmS rl ay;rSwEf iS chf sdeq f &rnf jzpfonf/ tqdk aqG;aEG;ta&;tom;udk ppfaq;tuJ
a&;om;ajzqdkoifhygonf/ jzwf&eftwGuf a,bk,stm;jzifh yxryd'k ef 'd gef;ESihf pwkwy¬ 'kd ef *d ;Hk ud(k 2)rSwpf ?D 'kw, d yd'k Ef iS hf wwd,yd'k pf mud, k rf sm;udrk l
eHygwf 3 (c)onf uAsmar;cGe;f &Snjf zpfygonf/ þar;cGe;f onf ar;cGe;f ykpH t H aejzifh ajymif;vJrrI &Sad omfvnf; ppfaq; (3)rSwfpD owfrSwfvsmxm;ygonf/
tuJjzwf&mwGirf l ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;\ avhvmusufrw S rf t I wGuf ay;rSw\ f wpf0uf? rdru d , kd yf ikd tf a&;tom; wuúov kd 0f ifwef; jrefrmpmbmom&yfonf jrefrmpmta&;tom;? jrefrmpmay\tESpo f m&udk azmfusL;onfh
twiftjypGr;f &nfjzifh ar;cGe;f ESit hf 0H ifciG u f sjzpfatmif ajzqdw k ifjyEdik rf t I wGuf ay;rSw\ f wpf0uf owfrw S u f m bmom&yfjzpf&m bmom&yf\ tESpo f m&udo k &d adS tmif avhvmoif,&l ef vdt k yfygonf/ pmar;yGaJ jzqd&k mwGiaf usmif;ol
ppfaq;tuJjzwfrnfjzpfygonf/ odkYjzpf&m ar;cGef;\½Iaxmifhtwdkif; tH0ifcGifus ajzqdkEdkif&eff ta&;BuD;ygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf t"dymÜ ,fziG q hf ckd sufar;cGe;f ? "r®"|d mefar;cGe;f ? uAsm? pum;ajy ?a&onfjyZmwfyg tcsuftvuf
rdrd usufrSwfxm;onfh uAsmacgif;pOfygonfESifh uAsmpmom;wpfyk'fvkH;csa&;um pum;ajyjyefqdka&;om;ajzqdk ponfwdkYudk wdwdusus usufrSwf&rnfjzpfNyD; vdk&if;tcsuftvufudk wdwdususajzqdkEdkif&ef vdktyfygonf/
rnfqykd gu tcsuftvuftm;vk;H yg0ifapumrl ar;cGe;f ESihf tHr0ifvQif ay;rSww f pf0ufatmufom &&Srd nfjzpfygonf/ rdrdpdwful;pdwfoef;? tawG;tac: jzifh ta&;tom;pGrf;&nfudk jyo&rnfh ar;cGef;rsm;wGifrl ar;cGef;udk aumif;pGm
uAsm aumufEkwfpmom;rsm;udkvnf; ar;cGef;ESifh tH0ifcGifusjzpf½kHom xnfhoGif;ajzqdk&rnfjzpfonf/ em;vnfoabmaygufatmifzwf½NI yD; rdro d &d xdS m;onf?h avhvmrSwo f m;xm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk rdrjd refrm
ar;cGe;f eHygwf(4) onf pum;ajyar;cGe;f jzpfygonf/ ar;cGe;f eHygwf(3) uAsmar;cGe;f ESihf oabmobm0tm;jzifh pmta&;tom; pGr;f &nf? ud, k yf ikd pf w d u f ;l ÓPfwjYkd zifh aygif;pyfum a&;om;ajzqd&k rnfjzpfonf/ wuúov kd 0f ifwef;
wlygonf/ ar;cGe;f yk'cf JG ESpyf 'k yf g0ifygonf/ eHygwf 4(u)rSm pum;ajy ar;cGe;f wdk jzpfygonf/ ajzqd&k efar;xm;onfh ajzqkdMurnfh ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;tm;vkH; jrefrmpmar;cGef;ykHpHopfudk tcuftcJr&SdajzqdkEdkifNyD; atmifyef;
yk'af &ta&twGurf mS (7)yk'jf zpfygonf/ pum;ajyar;cGe;f wdk ajzqd&k mwGiv f nf; uAsmar;cGe;f wdu k ohJ yYkd if ay;xm;aom qGwfcl;EdkifMuygap[k qE´jyK&if; ed*kH;csKyfvdkuf&ygonf/ /
 azazmf0g&D 13? 2019

2019 ckESpf? wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJtwGuf pdwfBudKufjrefrmpm bmom&yfqdkif&m odaumif;p&m

a'gufwmatmifjrifhOD; ygarmu© (XmerSL;) jrefrmpmXme &efukefwuúodkvf
,ckydkYcscsufonf 2019ckESpf? wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJBuD;wGif pdwfBudKufjrefrmpm ajzqdkMurnfh ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf pdwfBudKufjrefrmpm ar;cGef;ykHpHqdkif&m odrSwfzG,f&mrsm; jzpfygonf/ pdwfBudKufjrefrmpm bmom&yfonf
tqifjh rifjh refrmpm bmom&yfwpfcjk zpfNyD; jrefrmpmayudk cspfjrwfE;kd olrsm;twGuf vGepf mG oifah vsmfonfh bmom&yfwpfcjk zpfonf/ tpOftvmBuD;rm;vSaom jrefrmpmay\ tarGtESprf sm;udk avhvm&onfb h mom&yfjzpfonft
h wGuf
vnf; wefzdk;BuD;rm;vSygonf/ pdwfBudKufjrefrmpmudk xdxda&mufa&muf avhvmoif,lygu b0wpfavQmufvkH; jrefrmpmayjzifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKEdkifrnfh bmom&yfwpfckvnf; jzpfygonf/ bmom&yfudk avhvm&mwGifESHUESHUpyfpyf
us,fus,fjyefYjyefY avhvmxm;&ef vdktyfouJhodkY pmar;yGJajzqdk&mwGifvnf; ar;cGef;ESifhtH0ifcGifus ajzqdkwifjyEdkif&ef vdktyfygonf/
wuúov kd 0f ifwef; pdwBf udKufjrefrmpmtwGuf jy|mef;xm;aom pmtkyf tav;ay; azmfjycsufrsm;yif jzpfygonf/ jzpfNyD; um&efpepfudk oauFwjzifh jy&rnfjzpfonf/ um&ef,lykHpepfudk
(4) tkyf&Sdygonf/ jrefrm0w¬KwdkESifh jrefrmjyZmwfvufa&G;pif? oH0&ysKdU? ar;cGef;(2) onf oH0&ysKdU ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ oH0&ysKdU ar;cGe;f wGif yk'fcGJ oauFwjzifh &Sif;jy&mwGif pmom;udk rsOf;wdk? ydk'fwGif;um&efudk ca&yGifh?
jrefrmuAsmzGeUJ nf;ESihf jrefrmpmayordik ;f wdYk jzpfygonf/ pmar;yGaJ r;cGe;f ykpH H (2)ck yg0ifygonf/2 (u)onf ysKdU pmudk,fvm pmydk'frsm;udk &Sif;jy&efjzpfNyD; tcHy'kd qf ;Hk tcsKd;owfum&efukd taygif;vu©PmwkjYd zifh oauFwjyK azmfjy&
wGifvnf; tqdkyg jy|mef;xm;aompmtkyf(4)tkyf twGuf wpfyk'fpDjzifh 2 (c) onf ysKdU taMumif;t&m? ta&;tzGJUESifh okw&o oifcef;pmrsm;udk rnfjzpfonf/
ar;cGef;BuD;(4)yk'f yg0ifygonf/ (3) em&Dar;cGef;vTmjzpfNyD; ar;cGef;tyk'f ar;jcif;jzpfonf/ ar;cGef; 2 (u) udk aumif;pGmajzqdkEdkif&eftwGuf ysKdUwGif Y pmom; - -
wdkif;wGif yk'fcGJrsm; yg0ifygonf/ yg&Sdaom OyrmtvuFmtzGJUrsm;? ½lyutvuFmtzGJUrsm;? teuft"dyÜm,f Y ydk'fwGif;um&ef - Ä
ar;cGef;(1) onf jrefrm0w¬KwdkESifh jrefrmjyZmwfar;cGef; jzpfygonf/ jynfh0NyD; tzGJUtpyfaumif;rGefaomtzGJUrsm;? t"dyÜm,fxl;jcm;aomtzGJUrsm;? Y tcsKd;owfum&ef - +
ar;cGe;f (1) wGif (u)ESi(hf c) ar;cGe;f yk'cf JG ESpyf 'k yf g0ifygonf/ ar;cGe;f (1) (u) pum;yHkrsm;? qdk½dk;pum;rsm; ponfwkdY\ t"dyÜm,frsm;udkvnf; tao;pdwf ar;cGe;f (4) onf jrefrmpmayordik ;f jy|mef;csufukd ppfar;onfh ar;cGe;f
onf jrefrm0w¬Kwdk ar;cGe;f jzpfygonf/ wpfy'k af jzqd&k rnfjzpfNyD; a&G;cs,f&ef avhvmxm;&ef vdt k yfygonf/ ay;xm;aom ysKdpU mom;udk qdv k &kd if;rSeu f efpmG jzpfonf/ wuúodkvf0ifwef; jrefrmpmay ordkif;jy|mef;csuftaejzifh
twGuf ESpyf 'k af r;xm;ygonf/ jrefrm0w¬Kwkw d iG f udvk ekd aD cwfrS rsufarSmuf jzifh ajyajyjypfjypf &Sif;vif;ajzqdk&rnf jzpfygonf/ uke;f abmifacwfEiS hf udv k ekd aD cwf acwfEpS af cwfukd jy|mef;xm;onf/ ar;cGe;f
acwftxd q&m (11) OD;\ 0w¬Kwkd (11)yk'f udak &G;cs,f jy|mef;xm;ygonf/ ar;cGe;f (2) (c) udk ajzqdEk ikd &f eftwGuf t"duZmwfaqmifo;kH OD;jzpfonfh (4)wGif (u) ESihf (c) ar;cGe;f yk'cf JG ESpcf k yg0ifygonf/ ar;cGe;f (4) (u)onf
0w¬Kwdq k o kd nfrmS vl Y taMumif;? avmutaMumif;udk pma&;ol\ pdwful; jA[®'wfrif;BuD;? trwfBuD;ESifh oH0&rif;om;wdkY\ pdwfaeoabmxm;? jyKrl "r®"|d mefar;cGe;f jzpfNyD; (4)(c)onf &Si;f vif;wifjy ajzqd&k aom ar;cGe;f jzpf
ÓPfjzifh qifjcifz, G f oifcef;pm,lz, G jf zpfatmif Zmwfvrf;qifzefw;D a&;zGUJ ajymqdkyHk? t&nftaoG;ESifh *kPf&nfrsm;?tESpfoufqHk;tcef;? &oajrmuftzGJU onf/ ar;cGe;f (4) (u) (8)ck ar;xm;NyD; (5) ckajz&ygonf/ acwfEpS af cwf\
xm;onfh &opmaywpfrsKd;jzpfonft h avsmuf 0w¬Kwdak vhvmrIukd ppfaq; rsm;? zcifEiS ohf m;wd\ Yk ESpvf zkd ,
G q
f ufqaH &;? q&maumif; wynfh yef;aumif; pmayqdik &f m tcsuftvufrsm;udk ar;ygonf/ om"utm;jzifh bBuD;awmf
tuJjzwf&mwGif vlo Y bm0tzGrUJ sm;? pma&;olw\ Ykd Zmwfvrf; zefw;D rIrsm;? yefaomoabm ponfjzifh oH0&ysKdU rS xl;jcm;av;eufaom tESpo f m&rsm;udk vufxuf t*Fvyd jf refrm ppfyt JG NyD; umvuwåm;wGif ½k;H pdu k &f aom rif;BuD;
0w¬Kuay;aom b0oifcef;pmrsm; ponfwdkYudk ar;avh&Sdygonf/ xkwfazmfavhvmxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ ysKdUpmudk,fudk rl&if;Zmwfawmfvm r[mpnfoal &;om;aom c&D;oGm;rSww f rf;um; tb,fenf;/ eef;pOfyäk m
0w¬Kwdkwpfyk'fpD\ tav;ay;csufrsm;udk azmfxkwfavhvmxm;rnf taMumif;t&mESifh ,SOfwGJavhvmxm;NyD; rdrdta&;tom;jzifh jyefvnf tajzusrf;udk rnfola&;oenf;/ yxr jrefrmumvay: 0w¬Ktrnfudk
qdkygu 0w¬KwdkESifh ywfoufonfh ar;jref;csufrsm;udk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif ajzqdk a&;om;wifjyEdik af tmif avhusifx h m;rnfqykd gu oH0&ysKdU ar;cGe;f (2) (c) udk azmfjyyg ponfhar;cGef;rsKd;jzpfonf/ "r®"d|mefar;cGef;rsm; ajzqdk&mwGif
Edik rf nfjzpfygonf/ 0w¬Kwpfy'k pf \ D tav;ay;csufrsm;udk om"utm;jzifh aumif;pGm ajzqdkEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/ wdwdusus ajzqdk&rnf jzpfonf/
wifjy&vQif armifbpD0w¬Kwdrk S vli,fwpfa,muf\ cH,cl sufEiS hf BudK;pm; pdwfBudKufjrefrmpm ar;cGef;eHygwf (3) onf jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;ar;cGef; ar;cGe;f (4) (c) onf jrefrmpmayordik ;f rS uke;f abmifacwfEiS hf udv k ekd D
tm;xkwrf ?I aomhwEJG iS ehf wf½yk f 0w¬Kwdrk S [efaqmifaumif;olEpS Of ;D \ p½ku d f jzpfygonf/ ar;cGe;f eHygwf (3) wGiv f nf; (u) ESihf (c) yk'cf JG ESpyf 'k yf g0ifygonf/ acwf ESpaf cwf\ acwftvdu k f pmayxl;jcm;csufrsm;ESihf ywfoufNyD; &Si;f vif;
obm0? tar 0w¬Kwdrk S om;udck spfaom rdcifwpfa,muf\ arwåm? ZmwdEiS hf (3) (u) onf jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf; pmtkyfyg uAsmtrsKd;tpm; (8)rsKd;ESifh aqG;aEG;&onfh ar;cGe;f jzpfonf/ om"utm;jzifh uke;f abmifacwf pum;ajy
r&P 0w¬Kwdrk S qifjcifz, G f oifcef;pm,lz, G f tjzpftysufrsm; ponfwo Ykd nf ywfoufonfh zGifhqdkcsufrsm;? &Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk rSwfpka&;cdkif;onfh ar;cGef; tajctaeudk avhvmwifjyyg/ ukef;abmifacwf jyZmwfrsm;taMumif;udk
0w¬K wpfyk'fcsif;tvdkuf ay:vGifvsuf&Sdaom tav;ay;rIrsm;jzpfonf/ jzpfonf/ (4) ckay;xm;NyD; (2)ck ajzqd&k ygrnf/ (3) (u) ar;cGe;f udk aumif;pGm avhvmwifjyyg/ udv k ekd aD cwf uAsmvrf;aMumif;udk aqG;aEG;yg ponfah r;cGe;f
xdkodkYaom tav;ay;rIrsm;udk azmfxkwfavhvmxm;&rnf jzpfygonf/ ajzqdkEdkif&eftwGuf jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;pmtkyfrS tcsKd;uAsmrsm;? oHcsKduAsm? rsKd;jzpfygonf/ uke;f abmifacwfEiS hf udv k ekd aD cwf pmayordik ;f wpfavQmuf
pdwBf udKufjrefrmpm bmom&yfar;cGe;f 1 (c)onf jrefrmjyZmwf ar;cGe;f {csi;f uAsmrsm;? aw;xyfuAsm wdEUk iS yhf wfoufonfh uAsmtrsK;d tpm;wpfcck si;f \ acwftvdu k f acwfvt kd ift& OD;wnfcsufrsm;? tav;ay;ykrH sm; ajymif;vmyk?H
jzpfonf/ jyZmwf (3) yk'o f m jy|mef;xm;onft h wGuf xdjk yZmwf(3) yk'u f ykd if t"dyÜm,f zGifhqdkcsuf? oabmobm0? uAsmpyfenf;trsKd;rsKd; ponfwdkUudk taMumif;t&mrsm; us,fjyefv U myk?H pmqdrk sm; pmayyko H ²mefrsm; wpfpwpfp
½Iaxmift h rsKd;rsKd;rS ppfaq; tuJjzwfrnf jzpfygonf/ jyZmwfavhvm&mwGif aocsmpGm avhvmxm;&rnf jzpfonf/ xdjYk yif xl;jcm;onfh um&ef,pl epfrsm; wdk;yGm;vmykHwdkYudk avhvmxm;&rnf jzpfonf/
vnf; 0w¬Kwdu k o hJ yYkd if jyZmwf\ tav;ay;rI? Zmwfvrf;zefw;D yH?k Zmwfaqmif jzpfonfh jyef*[yfum&ef? jcaoFhvnfjyefum&ef? tcHum&ef? ttkyfum&ef pdwBf udKufjrefrmpmonf ar;cGe;f tyk'Bf uD; (4)yk'o f m ar;jref;jcif;jzpfNyD;
zefw;D yH?k jyZmwfaemufcEH iS hf ta&;tzGw UJ u
Ykd kd avhvm&rnfjzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif taMumif;? uAsmÓPfueG jYf rL;Edik &f eftwGuf Z0eÓPf? vufwef;ÓPf ponfh jy|mef;pmtkyf (4) tkyw f iG f (1) tkyv f Qif tyk'Bf uD; (1) yk'f ar;jref;xm;jcif;
jyZmwfEiS hf 0w¬Kwdw k \ Ykd t"duuGjJ ym;csufrmS jyZmwfonf Zmwfaqmifw\ Ykd jrefrmuAsmqdkif&modrSwfp&mrsm;udkvnf; avhvmrSwfom;&rnfjzpfonf/ jzpfonf/ ar;cGef;rsm;udk >cif;csefajzqdkrnfqdkvQif atmifrSwf&&Sd&ef rvG,f
tjyeftvSefajympum;rsm;udk t"duxm;í a&;zGJUxm;jcif;jzpf&m jyZmwf uAsmzGJUenf;rsm;wGif a'G;csKd;? BwdcsKd;? av;csKd;? oHcsKd? wsmcsif;? tdkifcsif;? ojzifh jy|mef;pm (4) tkyu f kd >cif;csef usufrw S rf &Edik af y/ pdwBf udKufjrefrmpm
tav;uJr?I Zmwfvrf;? Zmwfaqmif? aemufcH ponfwu Ykd kd Zmwfaqmifw\ Ykd vGrf;csif;? aw;xyf [laom uAsmtrsKd;tpm; (8) rsKd;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ wGif jy|mef;xm;onfh pmtkyf (4) tkypf vk;H onf pdw0f ifpm;zG,af umif;Ny;D jrefrm
tjyeftvSef ajympum;rsm;rS azmfxkwf&ygonf/ xduk Asm(8)rsKd;\ zGeUJ nf;rsm;udk azmfjy&mwGif oufqikd &f m uAsmtrsKd;tpm;\ pmay\ tqDtESpfrsm;jzpfonf/ odkYjzpf&m pdwfBudKufjrefrmpm,lxm;onfh
jy|mef;xm;onfh jyZmwf (3)yk'w f iG f tmZmenfrcd ifjyZmwfonf e,fcsJU tac:ta0: t"dyÜm,frsm;? pyfenf;rsm;? om"u ykHpHrsm;? avhusifhcef;rsm; ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh rdrw d Ykd a&G;cs,fxm;onfh pdwBf udKufjrefrm
qefUusifa&;wdkufyGJwGif toufay;oGm;onfh tmZmenfom;aumif;wdkY\ jynfhpkHpGm azmfjyxm;onf/ uAsmpyfenf; trsKd;rsKd;teuf xl;jcm;onfh pmbmom&yfukd ausmif;oifcef;pmtaejzifo h mru tok;H csbmom&yfwpfck
rdcifjzpf&jcif;onf *kP, f zl ,
G af umif;onf[k cH,x l m;aom tmZmenfrcd if um&ef,lpepfrsm; jzpfonfh jyef*[yfum&ef? jcaoFhvnfjyef um&ef? tjzpf pdwf0ifpm;pGm avhvmqnf;yl;xm;ygu pmar;yGJwGif tcuftcJr&Sd
wpfOD;\ pdwf"mwf? ajrydkif&SifOD;uHaumif;ESifh orD;rsm; jyZmwfwGif rdb tcHum&ef? ttkyfum&ef taMumif;? uAsmÓPf uGefYjrL;Edkif&eftwGuf xl;cRefpmG ajzqdEk ikd rf nf jzpfygonf/ 2019 ckEpS f wuúov kd 0f ifwef; pdwBf udKuf
tarGudk avmbaZmwufum cGJa0aeMuonfh orD;rsm;\ p½kdufobm0? Z0eÓPf? vufwef;ÓPf ponfh jrefrmuAsmqdik &f m odrw S pf &mrsm;udv k nf; jrefrmpm ajzqdMk urnfh ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm; ud, k pf w d Ef pS jf zm usef;rm
jrefrmpm y½dk*&uf(pf) jzpfzdkY jyZmwfwGif jrefrmpmwdk;wufa&;aqG;aEG;yGJü avhvmrSwfom;&rnf jzpfonf/ &Tiv f ef;pGmjzifh pmar;yGBJ uD;udk rdr&d nfreS ;f xm;onft h wdik ;f xl;cRefaygufajrmuf
t*Fvyd pf um;vk;H rsm;udk vGev f eG u
f uJ J n§yaf jymaeMuaom jrefrmpmq&mrsm; ar;cGe;f (3) yk'cf (JG c)onf uAsmum&ef,yl u Hk kd vufawGyU pHk jH y ajzqd&k onfh atmifjrifpGm ajzqdkEdkifMuygap[k qE´jyK&if; ,ckydkYcscsufudk ed*kH;csKyfyg
\ tajymwpfrsKd; tvkyfwpfrsKd; jyKrlcsufwdkYonf jyZmwfwpfyk'fcsif;pD\ ar;cGe;f jzpfonf/ uAsmwpfy'k af y;xm;NyD; ,if;uAsm\ trsKd;trnfudk ajz&rnf onf/

Aef;armufNrdKU obm0vkdPf*lrsm;ü
EdkYwdkufowå0g vif;EkdYrsm;awGU &dS
Aef;armuf azazmf0g&D 12
ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f a'oBuD; Aef;armufNrdKU
e,f yif;cg;aus;&GmESihf ESpzf mvkaH usmf
cefYtuGmwGif obm0xkH;ausmuf
eH&vH P kd *f rl sm;twGi;f ü EdYk wdu
k o
f wå0g
tom;pm;vif;EdkYrsm; aexdkif
usufpm;vsuf&aSd Mumif; awG&U onf/
(72)ESpfajrmuf jynfaxmifpkaeUukd *kPfjyKaomtm;jzifh vif;EdkYrsm;onf wpfESpfvQif
Mumtif;qdyBf uD;NrdKeU ,f &JwyfzrUGJ LS ; &JrLS ;0if;Ekid f OD;pD;aomwyfz0UGJ if wpfBudrf om;aygufum trnf;rsKd;?
rsm;onf azazmf0g&D 11 &uf eHeufyidk ;f rSpwifí Mumtif;qdyBf uD; teDykyfa&mifrsKd;ESifh 0g;vkH;xJwGifae
NrdKUe,f jynfol Yaq;½kH0if;ESifh rif;ausmif;bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;
xdik af om rsKd;pdw[ f íl oH;k rsKd;&So
d nf/
0if;twGi;f pkaygif; oef&U iS ;f a&;aqmif&u G Mf uaMumif; od&onf/
tqdkygae&mwGif vif;EdkYaexdkif&m
rif;eE´ausmf vdkPf*lrsm;pGmESifh vif;EdkYacs;rsm;pGm
awGU&dSchJ&NyD; ¤if;wkdYonf tESpf 30
xd touf&SifoefaexdkifEdkifaom
owå0gjzpfonf/
,cktcg vlwo Ykd nf opfcw k jf cif;?
awm rD;½dUI jcif;rsm; jyKvyk vf mMuojzifh
vif;EkdYrsKd;pdwfrsm; aysmufuG,fpjyK
vmí umuG,x f ed ;f odr;f a&;vkyif ef;
rsm;jyKvkyfNyD; todynmay;jcif;?
uefo Y wfZek rf sm; owfrw S jf cif;ponf
wkdY xdef;odrf;ay;rnfqdkygu rsKd;yGm;
vmEdkifaMumif; yif;cg;aus;&Gm
tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;u ajymonf/
aiGtdk; (uom)
jrefrmhoeyfcg;yGJawmf jynfolY&ifjyifü usif;y
&efukef azazmf0g&D 12
&efukefNrdKU &Sifapmykvrf;0ifaygufteD; jynfolY&ifjyif0if;ü jrefrmh½dk;&m
oeyfcg;yGaJ wmfukd azazmf0g&D 12 &uf eHeufyikd ;f wGiu f sif;y&m vma&muf
avhvmolrsm;jzifh pnfum;rsm;jym;aeaMumif; od&onf/
yxrqHk;usif;yaom oeyfcg;yGJawmfjzpfNyD; avhvmolrsm;u
oeyfcg;wHk;rsm;udkavhvmjcif;? oeyfcg;vdrf;jcif;? ESpfcsKdU oeyfcg;yifBuD;
rsm;udk avhvmjcif;? jrefrmh½;kd &m ykord x f ;D jyuGurf sm;? ½d;k &mtoH;k taqmif
ypön;f rsm;ESihf tvS"mwfyrkH sm;½du k u
f ;l jcif;wdjYk zifh pnfum;rsm;jym;vsuf&dS
um oeyfcg;xkwu f ek t
f rsKd;rsKd; oeyfcg;tzGt UJ pnf;aygif; 30 vma&muf
jyoa&mif;csMuonf/ atmifjrifh (jyef^quf)
azazmf0g&D 14? 2019

2019 ckESpf? wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJtwGuf t*Fvdyfpmbmom&yfqdkif&m odaumif;p&m

a'gufwm ydk;ydk; ygarmu© (XmerSL;) t*FvdyfpmXme? &efukefwuúodkvf
wuúov kd 0f ifpmar;yGJ t*Fvyd pf mbmom&yfar;cGe;f [m ,cifEpS af wGerYJ wl tenf;i,fajymif;vJr&I rdS mS jzpfygw,f/ ausmif;om; ausmif;olawGjy|mef;pmtkyu f kd tvGwu f sufrwS af jzqdrk I avsmhenf;apNyD; ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;\ pOf;pm;
awG;ac:rI (Critical Thinking) ESifh ajymqdkqufqHEdkifrI (Communicative Skills) ydkrdkzGHU NzdK;wdk;wufvmapzdkYeJY acwfESifhavsmfnDwJh ar;cGef;awGjzpfvmapzdkY &nf&G,fNyD; 2019 ckESpfu pwifajymif;vJrSm jzpfygw,f/ ausmif;om;
ausmif;olawGtwGuf tcuftcJrjzpfapbJ olwdkY&JU pOf;pm;ÓPf ydkrdkzGHU NzdK;wdk;wufapr,fh tusKd;aus;Zl;udk a&S;½INyD; ar;cGef;tcsKdUudk rGrf;rHjyifqif jznfhpGufrSmjzpfygw,f/ ar;cGef;awGudk ausmif;om;trsm;pk ajzqdkEdkifr,fh vG,f? oifh? cuf
ar;cGef;awG yg0ifrSmjzpfvdkY oifcef;pmrsm;udk ausnufpGm avhvmxm;wJh ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; ajzqdkEdkifr,hf ar;cGef;ykHpHjzpfygw,f/
jy|mef;pmtkyfeJY ar;cGef;yk'fa& pkpkaygif; (9)yk'fudk ajymif;vJrSm r[kwfygbl;/ ar;cGef;trsm;pk[m jy|mef;pmtkyfyg III (B) uawmh Write the appropriate words or groups of words to complete the lines of
taMumif;t&mawGudk tajccHNyD;ar;rSm jzpfygw,f/ verse. jzpfNyD; uAsm(7)yk'x f uJ aumufEw k cf sufawGukd uGuv f yfjznfah r;wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dar;cGe;f [m ausmif;om;
ar;cGe;f eHygwf(1)uawmh ,cifEpS af wGutwdik ;f oifcef;pm (14) ckxu J pmyd'k w f pfy'kd u
f kd ay;xm;NyD; tJ'pD myd'k rf mS ausmif;olawG&UJ oif,x l m;wJuh AsmawGukd em;vnfrw S o
f m;NyD; jyefvnfa&;om;Edik rf u I kd ppfaq;wmjzpfygw,f/ wdwd
ygwJhtaMumif;t&mawGudk ar;cGef;trsKd;tpm;(2)rsKd;eJY ar;rSmjzpfw,f/ usus jyefvnfazmfjyzdkYvdkwJhtwGuf pmvkH;aygif;rSm;,Gif;rIr&Sdatmif owdxm;MuzdkYvdkygw,f/
Question No. I (A) u Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm- A great steel bridge
ay;xm;wJph maMumif;udk t"dymÜ ,fjynfph aHk tmifuu G v
f yfjznfah y;&rSm jzpfw,f/ 0gus(5)aMumif;ay;xm;NyD; ay;xm;wJh With towers ------------;
uGuv f yfrmS pmvk;H wpfv;Hk 'grSr[kwf pum;pkwpfpek YJ uGuv f yfujkd znf&h rSm jzpfygw,f/ owdjyK&rSmu ay;xm;wJ0h gus&JU vdkYar;&ifstiff and tall vdkY ajzay;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ ar;xm;wJhpmaMumif;awGudk jyeful;zdkYrvdkygbl;/
wnfaqmufykHay:rlwnfNyD; oifhavsmfovdkpum;vkH;awGudk ajymif;a&;zdkY vdkaumif;vdkygvdrfhr,f/ Oyrm - pmydk'fxJrSm ar;cGef;eHygwf(4)uawmh jy|mef;pmtkyfudk ausausnufnuf avhvmxm;rI&Sd? r&Sd ppfaq;zdkY ar;cGef;(5)ck
Noun odrYk [kwA f djective eJaY &;xm;ayr,fh jznf&h r,fu h uG vf yfrmS Verb ajymif;NyD; jznfch sifjznf&h ygr,f/ pmyd'k x f rJ mS ar;xm;ygw,f/ ,cifEpS rf sm;uvdk a&G;cs,fp&may;rxm;wmudk owdjyKrdzYkd vdyk gw,f/ ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;[m
PassiveVoice eJY a&;xm;ayr,fh jznfh&r,fhuGufvyfrSm Active Voice eJY jznfhcsifjznfh&ygr,f/ tcsuftvufa&mo'´gyg rSefrSefuefuefeJY ajzMum;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
Oyrm - pmydk'fxJrSmDifferent people have different ideas of beauty or handsomeness. vdkY ay;xm;ayr,fh Oyrm -
ar;cGe;f rSmIdeas of beauty and handsomeness ---------- from person to person.vdYk ay;xm;&if 'Duu G v
f yfrmS What are nightmares and when do they occur? vdkY ar;xm;w,fqdk&if Nightmares are terrifying
jznf&h r,fph um;vk;H u Verb jzpf&ygr,f/ 'gaMumifh Different qdw k hJ pmyd'k x
f u J pmvk;H udk 'Dtwdik ;f jyefu;l a&;vdrYk &ygbl;/ dreams, a collection of confused thoughts and they occur towards dawn. vdYk jyefajzay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
Different udk differ vdkYajymif;ay;rS tajzrSefrSmjzpfygw,f/ Name two advantages of self-service supermarkets. vdkY ar;cJh&if Two advantages of self-service
wpfcgwpf&H Active Voice udk Passive Voice eJY ajymif;zdkY vdkaumif;vdkygvdrfhr,f/ Oyrm- pmydk'fxJrSm Helen supermarkets are that there is no waiting to be served and there is a wide variety of choice. vdkY
was almost a wild child. No one could control her. vdkY ay;xm;ayr,fh ar;xm;wJhpmaMumif;u Helen jyefajzay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
could not ---------- by anyone, because she was almost a wild child. vdkY ay;xm;r,fqdk&if 'Dpm aemufykHpHwpfckjzpfwJh
aMumif;rSmjznfh&r,fh pum;vkH;[m Passive Voice jzpf&ygr,f/ 'gaMumifh control vdkY ajzay;vdkYr&ygbl;/ be Who said these words and to whom were they said? What do they mean?
controlled vdkYa&;rS tajzrSefrSm jzpfygw,f/ “Oh, to hell with your stars and constellations!}}
Question No. I (B) uawmh Answer each question in one sentence . jzpfygw,f/ qdkwJh ykHpHvnf;ar;Edkifygao;w,f/ 'gqdk&if The philosopher, the medico, the man of music and dancing
pmydk'fxJrSmygwJh taMumif;t&mtcsuftvufawGudk ar;wJhar;cGef;(5)ck ay;xm;NyD; 'Dar;cGef;awGudk ay;xm;wJh said these words to the astrologer. They mean that after plucking the tender bael leaves, the
pmydk'fxJu tajz&SmNyD; jynfhpkHwJh0guswpfaMumif;eJY ajzay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ trSwfjynfh&&SdzdkYtwGuf ar;cGef;rSmar;wJh astrologer was waiting for the influence of the descending constellations to come down. Therefore
tcsuftvuf(fact)a&m o'´g (grammar) yg rSefrSefuefuefajzEdkifatmif rsm;rsm;avhusifhxm;zdkYvdkygw,f/ his three friends became impatient with him and yelled at him saying these words. vdYk ajzay;&ygr,f/
Oyrm - She became angry and violent very easily and threw things onto the floor or at other people. 'Dar;cGef;awGudk rSefrSefuefuefajzqdkEdkifzdkY oifcef;pm (14)ckvkH;rSmygwJh taMumif;t&mawGudk tao;pdwfzwfNyD;
vdaYk y;xm;NyD; When Helen became angry and violent, what did she do ? vdaYk r;cJ&h if ay;xm;wJh pmyd'k x f u J rSwfom;xm;zdkYvdkygw,f/ ,ckajzjywJhtajzawGu erlemtajzrsm;om jzpfygw,f/ qdkvdk&if;rSefuefwJh o'´grSefwJh
pmaMumif; She became angry and violent very easily and threw things onto the floor or at other b,ftajzudkrqdk vufcHygw,f/
people. udk jyefu;l csvdrYk &ygbl;/ ar;xm;wJah r;cGe;f udk jyefaumufNyD; When Helen became angry and violent,
ar;cGef;eHygwf(4) tyk'fi,f(5)uawmh uAsmawGxJu pmaMumif;ESpfaMumif;avmufudk ay;xm;NyD; qdkvdk&if;
she threw things onto the floor or at other people.vdkY jyefajzay;&ygr,f/
t"dymÜ ,fukd a&;cdik ;f wmjzpfygw,f/What do these lines mean ? vdYk ar;rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dar;cGe;f udak jzEdik zf u Ykd awmh
'ghtjyif The beach resorts at Pattaya and Phuket offer a wide range of activities from scuba diving jy|mef;xm;wJhuAsmawG&JU t"dyÜm,fudk em;vnfod&Sdxm;zdkY vdkygw,f/ uAsmudkt"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkwJhtcgrSm qdkvdk&if;
and windsurfing to golf. vdkYay;xm;NyD; What examples of water sports are given in the passage? vdkY
t"dyÜm,fa&m o'´ga&m rSef&ygr,f/
ar;cJ&h if The examples of water sports (that are) given in the passage are scuba diving and windsurfing
Oyrm -What do these lines mean?
vdkY ajzrSrSefygr,f/ water sports udk ar;wmjzpfvdkY golf udk xnfha&;&if trSwfjynfhr&Edkifygbl;/
Content to breathe his native air
wpfcgwpf&HrSm pmydk'fxJu taMumif;t&meJY qufpyfNyD; rdrdudk,fwdkif qkH;jzwfajzqdk&wJh ar;cGef;rsdK;awGvnf; ar;Edkif
In his own ground . qdkwJhuAsmxJu pmaMumif;(2)aMumif;udk ay;xm;w,fqdk&if tJ'DuAsm(2)aMumif;udk
ygw,f/ Oyrm - Some think that men who are tall, dark and muscular are handsome but for some,
pum;ajyjyefay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
those who are fair and slightly built are cute ... Girls who are tall usually long to be dainty and
ar;cGe;f eHygwf(5)uawmh ,cifar;cGe;f rsm;eJY rwlawmhygbl;/ pmyd'k w f pfy'kd af y;xm;NyD; ar;cGe;f (5)ckukd ajzay;&rSm
small, and vice versa; plump girls with rosy round faces would love to be pale and delicate;
jzpfayr,fh ay;xm;wJph myd'k u f zwfpmtkyx f u J pmyd'k rf [kwyf gbl;/ ausmif;om;ausmif;olwYkd touft&G,ef YJ udu k n
f D
slender girls with very white skin hate their pale and colourless look. qdw k hJ zwfpmtkyx f u
J pmyd'k af y;xm;NyD;
r,fh taMumif;t&mydkif;eJY language wdkYyg0ifwJh pmydk'frsKd;jzpfygr,f/ Oyrm - pmydk'fu
What kind of boy or girl would you like to be ? vdkYar;cJh&if ay;xm;wJh pmydk'fudk udk;um;NyD; I would like
Forests and trees aren’t just pretty to look at. They do an important job making the earth’s
to be a tall, dark and muscular boy. (odkYr[kwf) I would like to be a slender girl. vdkYyJ ajzvdkY&ygw,f/
environment suitable for life. They clean the air, store water, preserve soil, and provide homes
'grSr[kwf I would like to be a beautiful girl. vdYk a&;vd&Yk ygw,f/ t"duuawmh ,kw&då w dS hJ tajzjzpfzeYkd YJ o'´grSezf yYkd J
for animals. They also supply food, fuel, wood products, and paper products for humans.
jzpfygw,f/
vdkYay;xm;NyD; What do forests and trees provide animals and humans? vdkYar;&if tajzu Forests and
jy|mef;pmtkyyf g pmyd'k rf sm;eJaY r;cGe;f awGukd tvGwuf sufrw S wf mxuf ar;cGe;f trsKd;rsKd;udk ajzwwfatmif avhusifh
trees provide homes for animals and food, fuel, wood products, and paper products for humans.
xm;zdv Yk ykd gw,f/ pmyd'k x
f u
J oufqikd w f ,fxifwhJ pmaMumif;awGukd wdu k ½f u kd uf ;l csay;vduk w f mrsKd;vnf; rjyKvkyMf uzdYk
owday;csifygw,f/ ar;xm;wmudk qDavsmfatmif rSefrSefuefuefajzwwfatmif avhusifhxm;zdkYvdkygw,f/ vdkY rSefrSefuefuefajzay;&ygr,f/
ar;cGe;f eHygwf(2) uawmh Fill in each numbered blank with a word from the list given. There 'ghtjyif ausmif;om;ausmif;olawG pmzwfNyD;em;vnfEdkifpGrf;udk ppfaq;wJhtaeeJY pmydk'fxJutaMumif;t&mudk
are five extra words. Write down only the number of the blank and the word that fills it.
wdkuf½dkufrar;bJ qufpyfNyD;ar;wJh ar;cGef;rsKd;awGvnf; ar;Edkifygw,f/
jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm - paper awGudk recycle vkyfEdkifwJhtaMumif;ygwJh atmufygpmydk'fudkay;xm;NyD; paper awGtjyif
jy|mef;pmtkyfrSmygwJh oifcef;pm(14)ckxJu pmydk'fwpfydk'fay;xm;NyD; (8)vkH;ajrmuf pum;vkH;awGrSm uGufvyfjznfh tjcm;bmawGudk recycle vkyfvdkY&vJvdkY ar;wJhar;cGef;rsKd;awGvnf; ajzqdkEdkifzdkYvdkygw,f/
ay;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ uGufvyfaygif;(20)&SdNyD; 'DuGufvyfawGudkjznfhpGufzdkY pum;vkH;(25)vkH;udkvnf; ay;xm;ygw,f/ How can you use less paper? One answer is to reduce your paper use by using both sides of the
owdjyK&r,fhtcsufuawmh pmvkH;(5)vkH; ydkay;xm;wmygyJ/ pmydk'fBuD;wpfydk'fvkH;udk jyeful;a&;zdkYrvdkygbl;/ uGufvyf paper when you photocopy, write a letter, or write a paper for school. …A final answer is to
eHygwfeJY tajzudkom a&;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dar;cGef;[m ausmif;om;ausmif;olawG&JU t*FvdyfpmwwfajrmufrIudk recycle used paper products instead of throwing them away. Most schools, offices, and
NcHKikHppfaq;wm jzpfygw,f/ neighbourhoods have some kind of recycling centre.
ar;cGef;eHygwf(3) udkawmh ,cifESpfrsm;eJYrwlbJ III(A)eJY III(B) qdkNyD; (2)ydkif;cGJxm;ygr,f/ What other materials can we recycle apart from paper ? vdkY ar;&if
III (A) uawmh Choose the appropriate word to complete the sentences.jzpfygw,f/ zwfpmtkyfxJrS Apart from paper, we can recycle plastic, glass, and iron. vdkY ajzqdkEdkifygw,f/
pum;vkH;rsm;udk uGufvyfjznfhar;cGef;taeeJY 0gustopfrSm xnfhar;wmjzpfygw,f/ a&G;cs,fzdkY pum;vkH; (3)vkH; 'Dvdkar;cGef;awG[m open-ended jzpfvdkY tajzu wpfckxufru &Sdygw,f/ t"dyÜm,f&SdwJh o'´grSefwJh rnfonfh
ay;xm;NyD; rSefwJhpum;vkH;udka&G;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm - Space travel is one of the ----------- of modern tajzudkrqdk trSwfay;rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dar;cGef;awGu wpfyk'fudk (2)rSwfay;wJh ar;cGef;awGjzpfwJhtwGuf tajz
science and technology. vdYk ay;xm;NyD; a&G;cs,fp&m A.activities B.wonders C.surprises vdYk ay;xm;ygr,f/ wpf0ufavmufrSef&ifvnf; trSwfwpf0uf&Edkifygw,f/
tajzrSeu f B.wonders vdYk ar;cGe;f eHygwfetYJ ajzudk a&;ay;&ygr,f/ ay;xm;wJ0h gus&JU t"dymÜ ,feYJ a&G;cs,fzaYkd y;xm;wJh ar;cGef;eHygwf(6) uawmh capital letter, comma, semicolon, colon, full stop, question mark,
pum;vkH;awGudk b,fvdkokH;&w,fqdkwmod&SdrS tajzrSefudk a&G;cs,fEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/ open and close inverted commas, exclamation mark, apostrophe pwJh Punctuation awGukd rSerf eS u f efuef
aemufOyrmwpfckuawmh Animals can be classified ---------- different types. jzpfNyD; ay;xm;wJh okH;wwfrIudk ppfaq;wJhar;cGef;awG jzpfygw,f/ Punctuate the following.vdkY ar;rSm jzpfygw,f/ t"duuawmh
pum;vk;H awGu A. into B. in C. onto jzpfr,fq&kd if tajzrSeu f A. into jzpfygw,f/ ar;xm;wJh 0guswpfaMumif;vk;H udk Punctuation awGudk b,fvdkokH;&rvJqdkwm odzdkYvdkygw,f/ Punctuation ar;cGef;twGuf tvGwfusufrSwfzdkY
jyeful;zdkYrvdkygbl;/ eHygwfwyfNyD; tajzudka&;&if &ygw,f/ rvdkygbl;/ avhusifhcef;rsm;rsm;vkyfay;zdkYyJ vdkygw,f/ pmrsufESm 20 odkY
 azazmf0g&D 14? 2019

pmrsufESm 19 rS qdwk ahJ r;cGe;f udMk unf&h if taMumif;t&mESpcf sufygygw,f/ yxrtcsufu how much you fear the matriculation
examination eJY 'kwd,tcsufu request her to give you some advice to overcome your fear jzpfygw,f/
Oyrmtm;jzifh 0gus&JUtp pum;vkH;wdkY? vlemrnfwdkYudk capital letter eJYa&;zdkY? 0gustqkH;rSm tqdk0gusjzpf&if full
rdrdpmar;yGJudk b,fvdkaMumufaMumif;? 'DvdkaMumuf&GHU rIudk ausmfvTm;EdkifzdkY ta':xHu tBuHÓPfawmif;vdkaMumif;eJY
stop okH;zdkY? vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufu ajymwJhpum;vkH;awGudk ay;xm;&if tJ'Dpum;vkH;awG&JU tpeJYtqkH;rSm inverted
comma awGokH;zdkYod&ygr,f/ Oyrm -
ta': jzpfou l txufwef;ausmif;om;awGukd ESp(f 20)eD;yg;oifMum;aewJh q&mrjzpfvYkd rdru d kd tBuHÓPfaumif;awG
ay;Edkifr,fvdkY arQmfvifhaMumif; ponfjzifh tcsufESpfcsufvkH;udk wdwdusus qDavsmfrI&Sdatmifa&;rS trSwfaumif;
the teacher said if you dont listen carefully you wont know what to do vdkYay;xm;&if
aumif;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ ar;cGef;rSm ar;xm;wJhtaMumif;t&mudk aoaocsmcsmrzwfbJ tvGwfusufxm;orQ
The teacher said, “If you don’t listen carefully, you won’t know what to do.}} vdkY jyefa&;ay;&rSm
tm;vkH;csa&;wmrsKd;[m ar;xm;wmeJY rqDavsmfvdkY trSwfaumif;aumif;r&Edkifygbl;/
jzpfygw,f/
ar;cGef;eHygwf(7)rSm tydkif;(2)ydkif;yg0ifygw,f/ ar;cGef;eHygwf(9) uawmhWrite an essay of three paragraphs on ONE of the following. Do not
yxrydkif;VII(A)u Stylistic Transformation. Finish each sentence in such a way that it means write more than 500 words. jzpfygw,f/ ay;xm;wJhacgif;pOf(3)ckxJu rdrdtydkifEdkifqkH; acgif;pOfwpfckudka½G;NyD;
exactly the same as the sentence that is given. vdkY ar;rSm jzpfygw,f/ ay;xm;wJh0gus (10) aMumif;udk a&;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ Oyrm - Places of recreation in Myanmar udk udk,fusufxm;wmu Tourist Attractions
t"dyÜm,frajymif;vJapbJ jyefa&;ay;&rSmjzpfw,f/ 'Dvdk t"dyÜm,frajymif;vJbJ wnfaqmufykHrwlwJh0gusawG e0r in Myanmar jzpfcJh&if tenf;i,fwlnDw,fxif&ayr,fh wu,fawmh uGmjcm;csufawG trsm;BuD;&Sdaeygw,f/
wef;eJY 'orwef;jy|mef;pmtkyaf wGxrJ mS ygygw,f/ tJ'aD vhusifch ef;awGukd rsm;rsm;avhusif&h if 'Dtydik ;f udk aumif;aumif; udk,fazmfjywJhae&mawGu recreation twGuf oGm;vdkY&wJhae&m? udk,fhudkaysmf&Tifp&mawG ay;EdkifwJh tyef;ajzvdkY&wJh
ajzqdkEdkifMurSmjzpfygw,f/ ae&mawGjzpf&ygr,f/ bk&m;taMumif;awG? ordik ;f 0ifae&mjzpfaMumif;awG a&;om;r,fq&kd ifawmh rqDavsmfEikd yf gbl;/
'kwd,ydkif;VII(B) uawmh Using the prompts given, write a very short paragraph on: qdkNyD; 'ghaMumifh aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;awG;awmNyD;rS a&;zdkYvdkygw,f/
a&G;p&m(2)yk'fay;ygr,f/ ay;xm;wJh prompt awGudkokH;NyD; pmydk'fwdkav;wpfydk'fa&;&rSm jzpfw,f/ BudKwifjyifqif wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJrSm pmpDpmukH;eJYay;pmawGudk aumif;aumif;a&;EdkifzdkY
a&;om;usufrSwfxm;wmawGudk bmrSrpOf;pm;bJ csa&;wmrsKd;rvkyfygeJY/ udk,fydkifEdkifpGma&;Edkifr,fh wpfyk'fudka&G;yg/ (1) Organization - zGpUJ nf;ykaH umif;jcif;/ taMumif;t&mtcsuftvufawGukd ed'gef;? pmud, k ?f ed*;Hk pojzifh tpDtpOf
rvdkwmawG xnfhra&;ygeJY/ write a very short paragraph qdkwmudkowdjyKyg/ ay;xm;wJh prompt tm;vkH;udk usus a&;Edkif&ygr,f/
jyefokH;NyD; o'´grSefwJh 0gusawGa&;&rSmrdkYvdkY udk,fydkif0gusawG wnfaqmufwwfatmif avhusifhxm;Muyg/ (2) Relevancy - qDavsmfr&I jdS cif;/ rdrad &;&r,ft h aMumif;t&meJY qDavsmfwmudyk J a&;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ vk;H 0oufqikd f
Oyrm - The moon: a nice place to visit ? taMumif;udk a&;cdkif;w,fqdkygpdkY/ ay;xm;wJh prompt awGu moon rIr&SdwJh taMumif;t&mawGudk a&;cJh&if qDavsmfrIr&SdvdkY trSwfr&Edkifygbl;/
- satellite - earth - it - about 240,000 miles away - our planet earth jzpf&if The moon is a satellite (3) Content - tcsuftvufrSefuefjynfhpkHjcif;/ a&;&r,fhtaMumif;t&meJYpyfvsOf;wJh tcsuftvufeJY OyrmawGudk
of the earth, and it is about 240,000 miles away from our planet earth. vdkY 0gusudk rSefrSefuefuef pdwful;pdwfoef;aumif;aumif;eJY zefwD;EdkifzdkYvdkygr,f/
wnfaqmufwwfatmif avhusifhxm;zdkY vdkygw,f/ moon wdkY? earth wdkYrSm article ]]the}} vdktyfNyD; satellite (4) Langauge - tok;H tEIe;f rSeu f efjcif;/ ok;H wJh pum;vk;H a0g[m&awGreS jf cif;? aumif;jcif;?vSjcif;?<u,f0jcif;eJY o'´g
a&SUrSmawmh article “a”vdktyfygw,f/ tJ'Dtjyif the moon eJY a satellite Mum; it eJY about 240,000 miles rSefjcif;?0guszGJUpnf;ykHrSefrSefeJY 0gustrsKd;rsKd;udk a&;wwf&ygr,f/
Mum;rSm verb to be jzpfwJh is udk xnfhay;&ygr,f/ The moon is a satellite eJY the earth is about 240,000 (5) Presentation - wifjyykaH umif;jcif;/ a&;wJt h aMumif;t&mudk pmzwfopl w d 0f ifpm;atmif zGUJ EGw
UJ ifjyEdik pf rG ;f &S&d ygr,f/
miles away from our planet earth ESpfckudk qufoG,fay;zdkY conjunction “and}} eJY comma (,) wdkYudkvnf;
'Dae&mrSm xyfro H wday;vdw k muawmh ay;pma&;&mrSmjzpfjzpf pmpDpmuk;H a&;&mrSmyJjzpfjzpf pmvk;H a&uefo Y wfxm;wmudk
xnfah y;&r,f/ 'gawGuo kd Nd yD; 0gustjzpf wnfaqmufwwfzYkd vdyk gw,f/ pmyd'k u f kd a&;zdqYk &kd if article awG? preposition
awG? conjunction awG?pronoun awGeYJ punctuation awGukd b,fvo kd ;Hk &r,fqw owd&Sdyg/
kd mod&NdS yD; rsm;rsm;avhusifx h m;zdYk
vdkygw,f/ jy|mef;pmtkyfxJu pmydk'fawGudk wdkuf½dkufay;xm;rSm r[kwfvdkY tvGwfusufrSwfwmxuf rdrdudk,fwdkif qDavsmfrI&SdwJh ay;pmawG? pmpDpmukH;awGudk uspfuspfvspfvspf? xdxdrdrd? o'´grSefrSefeJYa&;zdkY ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
0gusawGudk wnfaqmufwwfatmif avhusifhxm;Muyg/ ESpw
f ikd ;f vdv
k kd pmppf&mrSm awGU BuHK&wJt h cuftcJuawmh ay;pmawG? pmpDpmuk;H awGukd t&SnBf uD;a&;om;NyD; qDavsmfwm
a&m rqDavsmfwmawGa&mudk pkNyHKa&;om;jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ pmvk;H a& uefo Y wfvu kd wf t
hJ wGuf rqDavsmfwmawGygae&if
ar;cGef;eHygwf(8) uawmh Letter writing jzpfygw,f/ Choose a situation given below and write a
qDavsmfwmawGusefcrhJ mS jzpfygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh pmra&;cifrmS rdrad &;om;r,ft h aMumif;t&mudk aoaocsmcsm tpDtpOf
letter. Do not write more than 300 words. vdYk ar;rSmjzpfygw,f/ ay;xm;wJh ar;cGe;f (2)yk'x f u J BudKuf&mwpfy'k f
csNyD;rS a&;oifhygw,f/ 'grSom ar;xm;wJhtcsufawGtm;vkH;udk xnfhoGif;a&;om;EdkifNyD; trSwfaumif;aumif;&rSm
udak &G;NyD; pmvk;H a&(300)xufrydak tmif a&;om;ajzqd&k ygr,f/ 'Dar;cGe;f udak jzqdw k t hJ cg owdjyK&r,ft h csufawGuawmh
jzpfygw,f/
ay;xm;wJh òefMum;csufawGudk aoaocsmcsmzwfzdkYyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm(1) pma&;ol(Addresser) eJY pmvufcH
&&Srd ,foh l (Addressee) awGukd aoaocsmcsmodzYkd vdyk gw,f/ (2)bmtaMumif;t&ma&;&rvJqw wuúov kd 0f ifpmar;yGu
kd m aoaocsmcsm J kd ajzqdMk ur,fah usmif;om;ausmif;olawGukd txl;rSmcsifwmuawmh jy|mef;pmtkyrf mS ygwJh
zwfyg/ a&;cdik ;f wJth aMumif;t&m wpfcsufvm;? ESpcf sufvm;qdw k m aoaocsmcsmzwfNyD;rS a&;zdv oifcef;pm(14)ckvkH;u pmydk'fawGtm;vkH;udk aoaocsmcsm avhvmrSwfom;zdkY? pum;vkH;awG&JU a0g[m&awGtjyif
Yk ykd gw,f/ ta&;BuD;wJh
tcsufwpfcsufuawmh ar;cGe;f rSmpma&;ol (Addresser) eJY pmvufc&H &Srd o olwu Ykd kd b,fvt
hJ (l Addressee) awG&UJ emrnfukd ay;xm;NyD; kd ok;H jyKw,fqw kd mudyk g od&adS tmifavhvmzd?Yk ay;xm;wJah vhusifch ef;awGukd rsm;rsm;avhusifzh ?Ykd uAsm
awGudkvnf; &GwfqdkEdkif½kHomru t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkwwfatmif BudK;pm;zdkYvdkygw,f/ ay;pmeJYpmpDpmukH;awGudkvnf;
jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh rdrdemrnf? rdrdausmif;? rdrdNrdKU pwmawGudk vkH;0xnfhra&;zdkY txl;owday;csifygw,f/ Oyrm -
You are Thida and you live at No.7, Insein Road, Yangon. Write to your aunt, who has been
uspfuspfvspfvspfeJY qDavsmfrSefuefatmifa&;wwfzdkYvnf; BudK;pm;avhusifhMuygvdkY rSmMum;vdkygw,f/
teaching high school students for nearly twenty years. Tell her how much you fear the matriculation ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;tm;vk;H 2019ckEpS ?f wuúov kd 0f ifpmar;yGJ t*Fvyd pf mbmom&yfukd tcuftcJr&Sd xl;xl;
examination and request her to give you some advice to overcome your fear. cRefcRefeJY ajzqdkatmifjrifEdkifMuygapvdkY qkrGefaumif;awmif;vdkufygw,f/ /

aMu;rkHpmtkyfpif pmtkyftjrif armfuGef;

12 v 12 yGJ tcif;tusif; yk*HrwdkifrD jrefrmtpESifh ordkif;xif&Sm; rif;jrwfudk;yg;
jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;\ ½k;d &myGaJ wmfrsm;udk od&EdS ikd af p&ef pma&;ol auoD&(d awmifi)l [def;aZ pDpOfa&;om;onfh yk*HrwdkifrD jrefrmtpESifh ordkif;xif&Sm; rif;jrwf
pDpOfa&;om;onfh 12v 12 yGJ tcif;tusif; pmtkyfxGuf&Sdvmonf/ udk;yg;pmtkyf xGuf&Sdvmonf/
wefc;l voBueF yf o JG nf ordik ;f aMumif;&Snv f sm;onfh jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm; txGwf yk*aH cwfu rif;oH;k yg;jzpfonfh taemf&xm? usepf pfom;ESihf tavmif;pnfo?l
tjrwfxm;onfh yGaJ wmfwpfcjk zpfonf/ wefc;l v ra&mufrD wydw Yk EJG iS hf waygif; awmifi?l [Hom0wDacwfu rif;ESpyf g;jzpfonfh wyifa&Tx;D ESihf bk&ifah emif?
vrsm;uwnf;u oBuFeo f cD sif;rsm; wnHn?H Ako H aH wGwqlqEl iS hf tvSLcHxu G f wwd,jrefrmEkid if aH wmfuw kd nfaxmifco hJ nfh uke;f abmifacwfu tavmif;
Muonf/ oufBuD;ylaZmfy?JG pkaygif;&[ef;cH&iS jf yKyGEJ iS hf ESpo f pfr*Fvmtcgawmf bk&m;? qifjzL&Si?f bd;k awmfb&k m;ESihf rif;wke;f rif;ponfh rif;ud;k yg;taMumif;udk
aeY BudKqdkonfhy&dwfyGJrsm;udk pkaygif;usif;yMu&m a&S;tpOftvmtwma& od&EdS ikd rf nfjzpfNyD; yk*rH wdik rf D jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;tpESihf ysLacwfwiG x
f if&mS ;onfh
oGe;f yGaJ wmfxuf ydrk pkd nfum;vmojzifh ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom tvdu k s bmoma&; yefxmG bk&ifrESihf 'Gwaå bmifrif;wd\ Yk AdóEd;k ESihf oa&acwå&mqdo k nfh ysLEdik if H
,Ofaus;rIyaJG wmftjzpfyrkd x kd if&mS ;vmonf/ 12 v&moDwiG f usi;f yvsuf&adS om rwdkifrD vlwly½kdif;rdwfrsm;\taMumif;udk a&;om;xm;onf/ pmtkyfudk - pdk;pmay? 55 (E)? taemuf
yGJawmfrsm;ESifh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk od&SdEdkifap&ef a&;om;xm;onf/ jrif;NydKifuGif;vrf;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU? zkef;-01553757 rS wefzdk;aiGusyf 4500 jzifh jzefYcsdonf/
pmtkyfudk - ESvHk;vSpmay? trSwf-5? vrf;-100? vGwfvyfa&;&yfuGuf? r*FvmawmifñGefYNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU?
zkef;-01 290981 ESifh 09 73042001 wdkYrS wefzdk;aiGusyf 2000 jzifh jzefYcsdonf/

acwfyHk&dyf (trSwfpOf-7)
jrefrmpmayzGHU NzdK;wdk;wufjyefYyGm;a&;udk &nf&G,fí pmaycspfjrwfEdk;ol
uavmif&Sifrsm; pkpnf;xkwfa0onfh acwfyHk&dyftrSwfpOf(7) pmtkyfxGuf
&Sdvmonf/
tqdyk gpmtkyw f iG f uAsm 10 yk'?f aqmif;yg; 10 yk'?f 0w¬K ckepfy'k Ef iS hf jyZmwf
ESpfyk'fyg&Sdonf/ ESvHk;om;vSyapjcif; edrdwfyHk&dyfrsm;tjyif tawG;tac:
rSefuefap&ef òef;qdkjycsufrsm;udkyg ,SufET,fonfukd cHpm;awGU&Sd&rnf
jzpfonf/ nDñGwfrQwapaom pkaygif;aqmif&GufrIrsm;jzifh pmzwfoludk
auseyfEpS o f rd rhf aI y;Edik af p&ef&nf&, G í
f a&;om;xm;ojzifh pm½Iorl sm;tm;
tusKd;wpfpHkwpf&m &&Sdaprnfjzpfonf/
pmtkyfudk - aumif;uifarpmay? trSwf-47? o'´g½kHvrf;? 2-ajrmuf&yfuGuf? omauwNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU ?
zkef;-09 443080215 ESifh 09 73080215 wdkYrS wefzdk;aiGusyf 2500 jzifh jzefYcsdonf/
b0oifcef;pm vrf;òefpum;rsm;
nDvif;wnf bmomjyefqdka&;om;onfh b0oifcef;pm vrf;òefpum;
rsm;pmtkyf xGuf&Sdvmonf/
uRefawmfwdkYonf aeYpOfb0 vlaerIudpörsm;pGmjzifh tem;r&Edkifonfh
acwfBuD;wGif b0taMumif;? vlom;taMumif;? cspfjcif;arwåmtaMumif;
tp&Sdonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifhywfoufonfh tqdkpum;rsm;udk pkpnf;
a&G;cs,fjyefqx kd m;onf/ wpfcgwpf&H rdrb0wGif ud, k u hf , kd u f ,
kd f bmjzpf
csicf rhJ eS ;f awmif rodawmhonfhtcsdef? trSef trSm;awmif ruGJjym;Edkifawmh
onfh tcsdefawG? pdwfxdcdkufemusif&onfh tcsdefawGa&mufvmwwf
onf/ xdktcsdefwGif pdwftm;ravQmhbJ b0udkarQmfvifhcsuf? ,HkMunfcsufrsm;ESifh &ifhusufBuD;jyif;um
a&SUqufEdkifzdkYtwGuf ,if;pmtkyfyg tqdkpum;av;rsm;rS pmzwfoltm; todwpfpHkwpf&may;pGrf;Edkifrnf
jzpfonf/
pmtkyu f kd - a&Tya'ompmay? trSw-f 33? usDawmfvrf;? r*FvmawmifñeG NYf rdKeU ,f? &efuek Nf rdKU ? zke;f -01 384927
ESifh 09 36220874 wdkYrS wefzdk;aiGusyf 1500 jzifh jzefYcsdonf/
azazmf0g&D 15? 2019

2019ckESpf? wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJtaxmuftuljyK ocsFmbmom&yfqdkif&m odaumif;p&mrsm;

a'gufwmcsKd0if; ygarmu©(XmerSSL;) ocsFmXme? &efukefwuúodkvf

pmrsufESm 18 odkY
 azazmf0g&D 15? 2019

pmrsufESm (17) rS

jrefrmtrsKd;orD;toif; tdEd´,? eDaygwdkYESifh wpftkyfpkwnf;us AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;arG;aeY txdrf;trSwfyGJrsm;usif;y

rÅav; azazmf0g&D 14 yg0ifaeonf/
tm&SabmvH;k tzGcUJ sKyfonf 2020 wdu k sKdtv
kd yH pf trsKd;orD; jrefrmtoif;onf yxrtqifhajcppfyGJwGif awGUqHk wmcsDvdwf ESifh toif;Ouú| 'kwd,&JrSL; pHodef;wkdYu
abmvH;k 'kw, d tqifah jcppfyt JG yk pf rk sm;udk azazmf0g&D 13 pOfu tdE, ´d udk ESp*f ;kd -wpf*;kd jzifh tEkid &f NyD; eDaygtoif;ESihf vGwfvyfa&;AdokumBuD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ av;pm;zG,f&m *kPfj'yf
&ufu xkwfjyefcJhonf/ 'kwd,tqifh ajcppfyGJudk wpf*dk;pDoa&uscJh&m 'kwd,tqifhawGUqHk&mwGif &v'f arG;aeYtxdr;f trSwf tcrf;tem;ukd azazmf0g&D rsm;udk ajymMum;Ny;D ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;
av;oif;oH;k tkypf ck íJG usif;yrnfjzpfNyD; jrefrmtoif;onf aumif;&ef ½kef;uef&zG,f&Sdaeonf/ 13 &uf eHeufu wmcsDvdwfNrdKU rum[dkcrf; u AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ arG;aeYtxdrf;trSwf
yxrtqifhwGif awGUqHkcJhonfh tdEd´,? eDaygtoif;wdkYESifh jrefrmtrsKd;orD;toif;onf ,if;ajcppfyGJtwGuf &yfuGuf&Sd atmifjrwfcef;rü usif;yonf/ uAsm&Gwq f Nkd ydKifyt
JG m; yg0if,OS Nf ydKifMuaMumif;
wpftkyfpkwnf; xyfrHusa&mufvsuf&Sdonf/ 'DZifbm 17 &ufuwnf;u avhusifhjyifqifaeNyD; NrdKUe,fpma&;q&mtoif;rS em,u OD;pkd;pkd; od&onf/ ckdifvif;(jyef^quf)
,if;yGpJ Ofrsm;udk {NyD 1 &ufrS 9 &uftxd usi;f yrnfjzpfNy;D azazmf0g&D 9 &ufrS 15 &uftxd tdEd´,EdkifiHwGif usif;y
tkyfpkwpfckpDrS xdyfqHk;wpfoif;pDom wwd,tqifhodkY vsuf&Sdonfh tdEd´,zdwfac: abmvHk;NydKifyGJwGif 0ifa&muf csrf;at;ompH tzGJUcsKyfESifh oufqdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;
wufa&mufrnfjzpfonf/ jrefrmtoif;onf tkyfpk (u) ,SOfNydKifvsuf&Sdonf/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; arG;aeY (104)ESpfjynhf OD;aqmifum tm[m&auR;arG;jcif;? AdkvfcsKyf
wGif tdEd´,? tif'dkeD;&Sm;? eDaygtoif;wdkYESifh usa&muf jrefrmEkdifiHtaejzifh yxrtqifhajcppfyGJudk &efukef
txdrf;trSwftjzpf azazmf0g&D 13 &uf eHeuf atmifqef; uAsm&GwfqdkNydKifyGJ? AdkvfcsKyfrdefYcGef;
aeum tjcm;tkyfpkrsm;wGifrl tkyfpk (c) ü AD,uferf? NrdKU ü usif;ycJNh yD; 'kw,
d tqifah jcppfyu JG kd rÅav;NrdKU rÅvm
9 em&Du vrf; 30 _ 75 vrf;axmifhwGif tajymNydKifyGJ? AdkvfcsKyfyHkwlyef;csDqGJNydKifyGJrsm;?
a*smf'ef? a[mifaumif? OZbufupöwef? tkyfpk (*) wGif oD&duGif;ü usif;yrnfjzpfonf/ pwk'dom auR;arG;cJhonf/ tm;upm;NydKifyGJrsm; usif;yjcif;? pum;0dkif;
w½kwf (wdik af y)? tD&ef? zdvpfyikd Ef iS hf ygvufpwdik ;f toif;wdYk ½dIif;xufaZmf
xdkYjyif NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd &yfuGufrsm;? ausmif; aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; usif;yjcif;wdkYudk aqmif&GufcJh
k f The Royal & Ancient rsm;? aq;½Hkrsm;wGifvnf; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD aMumif; od&onf/ wifarmif(ref;udk,fyGm;)
a*gufo;D tm;upm;enf; pnf;rsOf;qdik &f m tpnf;ta0; tajcpdu
Golf Club of St Andrews
aemifcsKd atmifqef;yHw k al &;qJjG cif;? uAsma&;jcif;? yHak jym
jrefrmEdkifiHa*gufoD;tzGJUcsKyf wufa&muf (R&A) u BuD;rSL;usif;yjcif;jzpfNyD;
a*gufo;D tm;upm;enf;twGuf tzGUJ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;arG;aeYtxdrf;trSwf tcrf; NydKifjcif; ponfwkdYukd usif;yonf/
paumhwvef azazmf0g&D 14 a*gufoD;tzGJUcsKyfa*gufoD;pnf;rsOf; tpnf;toD;oD;rS pnf;rsOf;qdkif&m tem;ukd azazmf0g&D 13 &uf eHeuf 9 em&Du NrdKUe,fjyefMum;a&;ESifh jynfolYqufqHa&;
paumhwvefEikd if üH azazmf0g&D 5 qdik &f m qyfaumfrwD? usef;rma&;ESihf tBuHjyKcsufrsm;? NydKifyGJwpfck usif;y aemifcsKdNrdKUe,fcef;rü usif;yonf/ OD;pD;XmerS Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;\ orkid ;f aMumif;
&ufrS 8 &uftxd usif;ycJhonfh wm;jrpfaq;0g;qyfaumfrwDOuú| &mwGif vdt
k yfcsufrsm;? enf;ynmESihf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;arG;aeY txdrf;trSwf rsm;ukd eH&Huyf"mwfyHkykdpwm;rsm;jzifh a0a0
a*gufoD;tm;upm;enf; pnf;rsOf; a'gufwmjrifhOD; wufa&mufcJhonf/ pnf;rsOf;vdktyfcsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG; tcrf;tem;wGif wufa&mufvmolrsm;tm; qmqm jyoxm;aMumif;od&onf/
qdkif&m tpnf;ta0;udk jrefrmEdkifiH ,if;tpnf;ta0;udk Oa&my cJhMuonf/ zdk;aomfZif yJjyKwfEiS fh eHjym; pwk'o
d mauR;arG;jcif;? Akv
d cf sKyf pkd;0if;
azazmf0g&D 16? 2019

2019 ckESpf? wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJtwGuf "mwkaA'bmom&yfqkdif&m odrSwfzG,f&mrsm;

a'gufwmeDeDoef;? ygarmu©(XmerSL;)? "mwkaA'Xme? &efukefwuúokdvf
r*FvmygwynfhwdkY/ 'DuaeYaqG;aEG;rSmuawmh 2019 ckESpf? rwfvrSmusif;yr,fh wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJrSm "mwkaA'bmom&yfudkajzqdkMur,fh ausmif;om;
equation, constant terms, measurable quantities eJY units awGyg
ausmif;olrsm;twGuf taxmuftuljzpfapzdkY jy|mef;pmtkyfyg taMumif;t&meJY owdjyK&r,fhtcsuftvufawGyJ jzpfygw,f/
odxm;zdkY vdktyfygw,f/ Law eJY ywfoufwJh ykämawG wGufwJhtcgrSmvnf;
yxrOD;pGm 2019ckEpS ?f wuúov kd 0f ifpmar;yGJ "mwkaA'ar;cGe;f yHpk o H pfeYJ Oyrm 9F twGuf Complete electronic structure qdk&ifawmh 1s2 toH;k jyK&rJh gas law equation eJY unit rsm;udk rSeu
f efpmG a&;wwfzv
Ykd ykd gw,f/
trSwcf aJG 0rIwu Ykd kd &Si;f jyvdyk gw,f/ ar;cGe;f yHpk o H pfrmS ,cifvykd J Section-A 2s 2p5 vdkY sub-shell awGeJY tjynfhtpHka&;&r,f/ Essential electronic
2
unit rsm;rvdyk gu rxnfrh zd Ykd owdxm;&ygr,f/f law awG&UJ t"dymÜ ,fziG q hf ckd suf
eJY Section-B qdkNyD; tydkif;(2) ydkif;yg0ifrSmjzpfygw,f/ Section-A rSm structure qd&k if outermost shell jzpfwhJ 2s2 2p5 udyk J a&;&r,f/ position (od)Yk mathematical expression/ formula ay;NyD; law trnfujkd yefa&;wJh
Objective type awGjzpfwJh TRUE/FALSE, Fill in the blanks, uawmh Period 2, Group VIIB jzpfNyD; Valence 1 jzpfw,f/ type of tcg tjynft h pHak zmfjy&ygr,f/ Mathematical expression eJY mathema-
Multiple choice eJY Matching awGukd eHygwf(1)uae eHygwf(4)txd (1) element qdk&if broken line &JU nmbuf p-block element jzpfvdkY non- tical equation rwlwm aocsmodxm;zdkY vdkygw,f/
rSwfwef ar;cGef; (7) yk'fpD ar;xm;ygw,f/ eHygwf(5)rSm Definition or metal jzpfNyD; Halogen vnf; jzpfw,f/ 'Dj'yfpif F [m Na metal eJY 'ghtjyif "mwfaiGU one mole &JU mass eJY one molecule &JU mass
Explanation or Statement (1)rSwfwef (8) yk'far;xm;wJhtwGuf aygif;pyfwJhtcg ionic (electrovalent) bond yJ jzpfr,f/ Formula eJY ē awGudk cGJjcm;wwf&r,f/ One mole of H2 &JU mass qdk&if 2 g jzpfNyD; one
pkpkaygif;(36)rSwfzdk; ajzqdk&ygr,f/ dot-cross structure udkvnf; a&;wwf&r,f/ molecule of H2 &JU mass qdk&if 2 amu jzpfw,f qdkwmod&r,f/
Section-B rSmawmh short question jzpfwJh (2)rSwfwef ar;cGef;(6) >cif;csuftaeeJY Al [m dark line &JUb,fbufrSm&SdNyD; p-block Chapter (3) Stoichiometry rSmawmh "mwfjyKjcif;wpfckrSmygwJh
yk'fudk eHygwf(6)rSm ar;xm;ygw,f/ tm;vHk;ajzqdk&rSmjzpfNyD; a&G;cs,fcGifhr&Sd element jzpfayr,fh metal character ydrk sm;w,f/ metal eJY non-metal "mwfjyKypönf;^"mwfjzpfypönf;wdkY&JU yrmPawGudk law of conservation
ygbl;/ eHygwf(7)rSmawmh Medium question jzpfwJh (4)rSwfwefar;cGef; aygif;&if ionic bond jzpfw,fqdkayr,fh Al metal eJY Cl non-metal of mass, relative masses of atoms, the concept of the mole
(8)yk'af r;NyD; eSpo f uf&m(5)yk'?f eHygwf(8)rSmawmh (8)rSww f ef (6)yk'af r;NyD; aygif;&if covalent bond jzpfwm od&r,f/ 'ghtjyif alkaline earth metal tp&Sw d hJ "mwke, d mr? pnf;rsOf;awGtay: tajccHNyD; wGucf suf&wmawG ygyg
(4)yk'f ajzqdk&ygr,f/ 'gaMumifh Section-B rSm pkpkaygif; (92) rSwfxJu jzpfwJh Be eJY non-metal Cl aygif;&ifvnf; covalent bond yJjzpfw,f w,f/ "mwfjyKypönf;(odkY)"mwfjzpfypönf;awG&JU formula mass/formula
(64) rSwzf ;kd ? pkpak ygif;(128)rSwzf ;kd xJu trSw(f 100)zd;k ajzqd&k rSmjzpfygw,f/ qdkwmawGudk owdxm;&vdrfhr,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh ionic bond, weight, % composition awGuv kd nf;wGuw f wfatmif avhusix hf m;&ygr,f/
ar;cGe;f (1) rS (5) txd[m tcef;wdik ;f eJY oufqikd w f t hJ wGuf 'Dar;cGe;f awGajzqdk covalent bond jzpfEdkifrI[m aygif;pyfwJh atom ESpfck&JU vQyfppf"mwfr "mwf ypön;f rsm;&JU molecular mass (formula mass), relative molecular
wJhtcgrSm owdjyK&r,fhtcsufawGudk OD;pGm&Sif;jyygr,f/ qGJtm;jcm;em;rI (electronegativity difference) tay:rSm rlwnfvdkUyJ/ mass eJY molar mass awGudkwGufcsufjcif;? "mwfypönf;awG&JU yrmPudk
ar;cGef; (1) trSm; trSefa&G;cs,fapwJhar;cGef; (True or False) rSm Oyrm AlF3 rSm Al eJY F [m ionic bond jzpfNyD; AlCl3 rSm Al eJY Cl [m mole (odkY) millimole eJY wGufcsufjcif;wdkYudk od&Sdem;vnf&ygr,f/ "mwfjyK
tajzudk T (od)Yk F vdrYk a&;bJ TRUE (od)Yk FALSE vdYk tjynft h pHak &;rSom covalent bond jzpfw,f/ Al eJY F &JU vQyfppf"mwfrqGJtm; jcm;em;rI[m jcif;wpfcrk mS yg0ifwhJ "mwfjyKypön;f rsm;teuf "mwfjyKnDrQjcif;t& vdt k yfwm
trSwf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 1.5 xufBuD;NyD; Al eJY Cl &JU vQyfppf"mwfrqGJtm;jcm;em;rI[m 1.5 jzpfwJh xuf enf;yg;pGm yg0ifaewJhypönf;udk limiting substance vdkYac:ygw,f/
ar;cGe;f (2) uGuv f yfjznfwh hJ ar;cGe;f ajz&mrSm pmvH;k aygif;rSe&f r,ft h jyif twGufaMumifhjzpfw,f/ Ionic compounds eJY Covalent compounds tJ'D"mwfjyKjcif;u jzpfay:vmwJh "mwfjzpfypönf;yrmP[m limiting
substance ay:rlwnfaeaMumif; em;vnfzdkYvdkygw,f/
jynfph &kH ygr,f/ Oyrm -------- is an indicator which is colourless in acid. awG&JU jcm;em;csufawGudkvnf; odxm;&r,f/
Volumetric analysis (xkxnfwikd ;f "mwfcjJG cif;) rSm Burette, Pipette,
qdw U ajz[m Phenolphthalein jzpf&r,ft
k hJ ar;cGe;f &Jt h pm; Phenolphth- aemufwpfcu k awmh molecule wpfcw k nf;&Sd atom ay:rSm lone pair
Conical flask awGo;kH NyD; aysmf&nftcsif;csif;"mwfjyKjcif;udk avhvmwmjzpfyg
alene (od)Yk Phenolthalein (od)Yk phenolphthalein vdYk ajz&ifrmS ;ygw,f/ ē &SNd yD; 'Dypön;f u ē deficient molecule eJY aygif;pyf&if co-ordinate bond
w,f/ Titration, standardization, molarity, molar solution wdkYudk
pmaMumif;&JUtpjzpfvdkY capital letter eJYvnf; ajz&ygr,f/ jzpfaMumif; odxm;&r,f/ Oyrm NH3 &JU nitrogen atom rSm lone pair
em;vnf&r,ft h jyif equivalence point eJY end point jcm;em;csufwu Ykd vkd nf;
ar;cGe;f (3) a&G;cs,fwahJ r;cGe;f udk ajzqdw k t hJ cg wduszdv Yk ykd gw,f/ tajzrSef ē &SdNyD; BF3 &JU B atom rSm ē (8)vHk;jynfhzdkY (2) vHk;vdkaewmaMumifh od&Sd&rSmjzpfygw,f/ aysmf&nfrsm;jzpfwJhtwGuf ,if;aysmf&nfrsm;&JU jyif;tm;
wpfckxuf ydkajzrd&ifvnf;aumif;? tajzrSef (2) ckudk wpfckwnf;ajz&if ,if;j'yfaygif;(2)ck aygif;pyf&if nitrogen u lone pair ē pHkudkay;NyD; tJ'D (molarity) wGufcsufjcif;? pHaysmf&nf(jyif;tm;odaysmf&nf)azsmf,ljcif;?
vnf;aumif; trSwfr&Edkifygbl;/ Oyrm Effect of pressure on [solids; ē pHkudk N eJY B wkdY[m zufpyfoHk;Muw,f/ 'gaMumifh co-ordinate bond udk pHaysmf&nfrsm;toHk;jyKNyD; acid-base titration vkyfaqmifEdkifjcif;wdkYudk od&Sd
liquids; gases] is negligible. qdkwJhar;cGef;twGuf solids eJY liquids Special type of covalent bond vdkY ac:w,f/ em;vnfzdkYvdkygw,f/ Molarity (concentration) &JU unit awGudkvnf;
vkdYajzrS trSwf&rSmjzpfygw,f/ Periodic table &JU group eJY period tvdkuf Periodic properties owdxm;&r,f/ amount of solute udk mole eJYjy&if xkxnfudk dm3
ar;cGef; (4) Matching ajzqdkwJhtcg List A eJY List B yg taMumif; awGjzpfwhJ atomic size, electronegativity, electropositivity, ionizati- eJYxm;&NyD; millimole eJYjy&ifawmh Volume udk cm3 eJU a&;&rSmjzpfw,f/
t&mudk ,SOfwGJjcif; ar;cGef;twGuf yk'fcGJeHygwftjyif pmom;rsm;tm;vHk; on energy eJY electron affinity awG ajymif;vJru I kd avhvmwJt h cg Atom Dilution of solution (aysmf&nfa&a&mjcif;)ykämrsKd;udk wGurf ,fq&kd if
tjynft h pHak zmfjyajzqd&k ygr,f/ yk'cf eJG yH gwf tu©&m (a), (b), (c)... eJU yk'cf eJG yH gwf awG&UJ size [m tkypf w k pfcw k nf;rSm tay:rSatmufoo Ykd mG ;&if t&G,Bf uD;vm ,if;aysmf&nfxrJ mS &Sw d hJ total amount of substance (mole or millimole)
(i), (ii), (iii) ... wdjYk zifo h m ,SOw f aJG zmfjyr,fq&kd if trSwrf &Edik yf gbl;/ wpfprkH mS ; NyD; tydik ;f wpfcw k nf;rSm b,fbufrS nmbufoo Ukd mG ;&if t&G,if ,fomG ;wmudk rajymif;rS M1V1 = M2V2 eJw Y u G v f Ykd &w,fqw kd m owdjyK&ygr,f/ Titration
wG&J if aemufwpfp[ kH m tvdv k t kd wGrJ mS ;oGm;Edik w f t hJ wGuaf Mumifh ajzqd&k mrSm awGU&ygr,f/ period wpfckwnf;rSm b,fbufrS nmbufodkYoGm;&if ykämawGwGuf&if balanced equation udk rSefuefatmifa&;EkdifzdkY ta&;BuD;
aoaocsmcsmpOf;pm;NyD;rS ,SOfwGJay;zdkUvdkygw,f/ electropositivity enf;oGm;NyD; electronegativity wdk;vmwmudk awGUEdkif ygw,f/ Chemical formula rSm;&if equation rSm;r,f (odkY) formula
eHygwf (1) rS (4) txd Objective types ar;cGef;awGudk trSwfjynfh& ygw,f/ Ionization energy eJY electron affinity uawmh atomic size rSefaeayr,fh equation nd§wmrnDcJh&if mole ratio rSm;EdkifwmaMumifh
atmif zwfpmtkyfwpftkyfvHk;udk aocsmpGmzwf½IavhvmrSom ajzqdkEdkifrSm eJY ajymif;jyefajymif;vJjcif;jzpfwmudk awGU&ygr,f/ ykämwpfy'k v f ;kH rSm;edik w
f ,fqw kd m txl;*½kpu kd &f ygr,f/ Molarity &SmwJt h cg
jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,hf >cif;csufawmh &Syd gw,f/ Period 2 xJrmS 4Be &JU ionization Molarity yHkaoenf;udk rSefuefjynfhpHkpGm a&;NyD;rS wGuf&ygr,f/
ar;cGef;(5) rSm Definition or Explanation or Statement (1) energy u 5B xuf rsm;aeNyD; 7N &JU ionization energy [m 8O xufrsm; Chapter (4) Electrolysis tcef;uawmh aysmf&nftajctaetrsKd;rsKd;
rSww f ef (8)yk'f ygygw,f/ Definition udk pmom;eJyY J ajzqd&k ygr,f/ taMumif; aewJhtaMumif;awGu Be rSm fully filled 2s sub-shell &SdNyD; N rSmawmh wdu Yk kd vQyfacgif;wdik f (Electrodes) trsKd;rsKd;ajymif;NyD; vQyfppf"mwfo;kH NzdKcGjJ cif;
t&mcsif;wlaevQifjzpfap? t"dyÜm,fajymif;vJrI r&SdvQifjzpfap rnfonfh half filled 2p sub-shell &SdaevdkYygyJ/ 'gaMumifh Be eJY N u wnfNrJw,f/ awGudk avhvmwJhtaMumif;t&m jzpfygw,f/ 'Dtcef;rSm conductor eJY
Definition udkrqdk ajzqdkvdkY &ygw,f/ Oyrm- Definitions of Isotopes ē udx k w k zf rYkd vG,b f ;l / 'gaMumifh ion jzpfzYkd pGr;f tiftrsm;BuD;vdw k ,f/ 'gaMumifh insulator jcm;em;csu?f electrolytes eJY non-electrolytes jcm;em;csuaf wGukd
udkajzqdk&mrSm Atoms of the same element that have the same ionization energy BuD;wmaygh/ Group VIIB, halogens awGxJrSm 9F em;vnfoabmayguf&ef vdktyfygw,f/ Conductor [m owåKtcJ
number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called &JU electron affinity u Cl xufi,faewJh taMumif;uawmh F atom tajctaeESifh t&nftajctaeESpfrsKd;pvHk;rSm vQyful;edkifw,f/ metallic
17
isotopes. (or) Isotopes are the atoms of the same element with lattice xJrSm valence ē awG a&GUvdkYjzpfw,f/ Cu, Ag wdkY[m solid
[m t&G,ftpm;ao;i,fwJhtwGuf 0ifvmwJh ē udk F atom rSm&SdNyDom; ē
different masses. (or) Atoms of the same element can have conductor jzpfNyD; mercury uawmh liquid conductor jzpfw,f/
(9) vHk;u jyif;xefpGm wGef;uefrIaMumifh jzpfw,f/
different numbers of neutrons”. vkdY ajzqdkedkifygw,f/ Insulator uawmh metallic lattice r&Sw d thJ wGuf vQyfrul;Edik yf gbl;/ Oyrm
Periodic table xJrmS ionization energy tenf;qH;k tkypf ek t YJ rsm;qH;k
tckqufvufNyD; Section-B ar;cGe;f (6) rS (8) txd ajzqdw k thJ cgrSm opfom;? a&mfbm? yvwfpwpfawGaygh/
dS vdk electron affinity tenf;qH;k tkypf ek YJ trsm;qH;k tkypf v
tkypf &k o k nf;&Syd gw,f/
Chapter tvdkuf owdjyK&r,fhtcsufawGudk ajymjyygr,f/ 'D Section-B Electrolytes awGuawmh electrovalent compounds awGjzpfNyD;
rSm definition, law, explanation ar;&if (2) rSwfay;wmaMumifh group IA (alkali metals) [m ionization energy a&m electron olw&Ykd t UJ cJ&nfaysmf (molten salt) (odrYk [kw)f a&rSmazsmfxm;aom aysmf&nf
affinity yg tenf;qHk;&Sdygw,f/ Group IA metals awG&JU tjyifbufqHk;
example awG? Mathematical expression awGyg xnfah jz&ygr,f/ Oyrm (aqueous salt solution) rSm ions awG a&GUvsm;vdkY vQyful;Edkifw,f/ Oyrm
State the Boyle's law twGuf t"dymÜ ,fziG q hf ckd suftjyif Mathematical tcGHrSm electron wpfvHk;wnf;&SdaewmaMumifh pGrf;tiftenf;qHk;oHk;NyD; Molten NaCl (tcJ&nfaysmf)eJY Aqueous NaCl (a&aysmf&nf) awGjzpf
electron udk vG,fulpGm z,fxkwfEdkifwJhtwGuf ionization energy
expression udkyg ajzqdk&ygr,f/ w,f/ non-electrolytes awGu covalent compounds jzpfNyD; molecules
Chapter (1) The Electronic Structures of Atoms, Periodic enf;ygw,f/ electron affinity twGuq f &kd ifvnf; tJ'D electron wpfv;kH udk awGyg0ifaew,f/ ions awG rygvdYk vQyfrul;Edik yf gbl;/ Oyrm oMum;aysmf&nf?
Table and Chemical Bonds tcef;rSm j'yfpifwpfc&k UJ tufwrfwpfcrk mS ygwhJ aumif ;pG
m xd e;
f csKyfr xm;Ed i
k w
f t
h J wG
u f aemuf xyf electron wpfv;kH xyfxnfzh Ykd ,l&D;,m;aysmf&nfawGaygh/
p, ē, n ta&twGufudk wGufwwf&r,f/ yg0ifwJh ē awG&JU wnfaqmufyHk cufcJwJhtwGuf xGufay:vmwJh energy u enf;oGm;&jcif;jzpfygw,f/ Electrolysis vky&f mrSm molten salt (tcJ&nfaysmf) eJY aqueous salt
trsKd;rsKd; Electronic structures, Complete electronic structures eJY Group 0 (noble gases) rS elements awG[m wnfNrJwJh electron solution (qm;aysmf&nf) b,fvu kd mG jcm;ovJqw kd m odxm;&ygr,f/ molten
Essential electronic structures ? 'Dj'yfpif&JU Periodic Table &Sdwnf wnfaqmufyHk ydkifqdkifxm;wJhtwGuf tjyifqHk;tcGHrS ē wpfvHk;z,fzdkYcufNyD; salt rSm salt rS xGufvmwJh cation wpfrsKd;eJY anion wpfrsKd;pDomygNyD;
ae&m (Position) ? 'Dj'yfpif&JU valence, type of element (metal or pGrf;tifrsm;rsm;oHk;&vdkY ionization energy rsm;&jcif;jzpfw,f/ group aqueous salt solution rSmawmh tJ'D ions rsm;tjyif a&rSxu G v f mwJh H+
-
nonmetal or metalloid) awGukd &Smwwf&r,f/ j'yfpiftcsif;csif; aygif;pyf VIIB (halogens) rS elements rsm;rSmawmh tjyifbufqHk;tcGHrSm ē (7) eJY OH ions awGygvmr,fqdkwm od&Sdxm;&ygr,f/ electrode reaction
wJt h cg jzpfvmr,fh "mwfpnf;trsKd;tpm;? 'DjzpfvmwJjh 'yfaygif;&JU Formula, vH;k &SMd uygw,f/ aemufxyf ē wpfv;kH xyfxnfv h u kd &f if noble gases awG&UJ a&;&ifvnf; xnfo h iG ;f pOf;pm;&ygr,f/ aysmf&nftrsKd;rsKd;udk vQyfppf"mwfNzdKcGJ
electron dot–cross structure awGudka&;wwfzdkY vdkygw,f/ octet rule ē wnfaqmufyjkH zpfomG ;MuvdYk ē xnfzh v Ukd ,G u f Nl yD; electron affinity rsm;& jcif;rS&vmwJh "mwfjzpfypönf;rsm;[m electrochemical series rSm&SdwJh
udk vdkufemwJh j'yfaygif;&Sdovdk rvdkufem(jcGif;csuf&Sd)wJh j'yfaygif;awGvnf; jcif;jzpfw,fqdkwm em;vnfzdkY vdktyfygw,f/ owåKrsm;eJU tkypf rk sm;&Jw U nfae&m? vQyfvu kd yf pön;f rsm;&JU yg0ifued ;f ? vQyfacgif;
&Sdw,fqdkwm odxm;&r,f/ tJ'Dj'yfaygif;awG (Oyrm- BF3, ClF3) &JU ē tcef;(2) rSmawmh "mwfaiGUeJYoufqdkifwJh ed,mrawGudk t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk wdkifrsm; (anode, cathode) &JU obm0pwJhtcsufrsm;u vTrf;rdk;aeaMumif;
dot-cross structure awGudk avhusifhxm;zdkYvdktyfygw,f/ csufrsm;tjyif mathematical expression, mathematical formula/ &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;odxm;zdkY vdkygw,f/ pmrsufESm 18 okdY

pmrsufESm 17 rS
'grS cathode eJY anode reactions rsm;a&;Ekid Nf yD; b,f"mwfjzpfypön;f u
cathode rSmxGufNyD; b,f"mwfjzpfypönf;u anode rSmxGufr,fqdkwm
rSefuefpGmqHk;jzwfEdkifygr,f/ Oyrm fused (okdY) molten NaCl qdk&if a&
rygbl;/ Na+ eJY Cl- ion awGyJ&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh cathode rSm Na+ u Na
atom tjzpfuyfwifNyD; anode rSm Cl2 gas xGufr,f/ Dilute NaCl
qm;aysmf&nfjzpf&ifawmh Na+, Cl- tjyif H+, OH- wdkYudkyg pOf;pm;&r,f/
electrochemical series (E.C.S) &JU position atmufbuf a&mufav
discharge jzpfvG,fvdkY H2 eJY O2 gas awG xGufr,f/ Moderately
concentrated NaCl solution qd&k ifawmh concentration effect aMumifh
anode rSm O2 rxGub f J Cl2 xGurf ,f/ Brine (saturated NaCl solution)
udk Pt or graphite electrodes oHk;NyD; electrolysis vkyfr,fqdk&ifvnf;
NaCl &JU jyif;tm;rsm;wmaMumifh concentration effect &Sw d ,f/ Anode
rSm Cl2 yJxGufr,f/ 'gayr,hf brine udk graphite anode eJY mercury
cathode oHk;NyD; electrolysis vkyf&ifawmh nature of electrode t&
product taeeJu Y Na / Hg xGurf ,f/ Electrolysis product awGtay:rSm
oufa&muf wJh tcsufawGudk Table (1) rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
Table 1 Factors Influencing Electrolysis Products
Faraday's laws awGudk toHk;jyKNyD; owåKj'yfpifawG&JU relative
molecular mass, cathode ay:rSmuyfwifwhJ owåKyrmP? electrolysis
vkyaf epOf toH;k jyKwJv h QyfppfyrmPeJY anode rSm xGuv f mwJh "mwfaiGxU x
k nf
awGukd wGu, f El ikd yf gw,f/ Electroplating vkyif ef;rsm;jzpfwhJ aMu;&nfprd jf cif;?
aiG&nfprd jf cif;ESihf c½drk ,D rfprd jf cif;awGrmS vnf; Faraday's first law oH;k NyD;
owåK &nfpdrfwJh ypönf;ay:rSm uyfwifapr,fhowåKyrmP? vQyfppfjzwfoef;
ap&r,ft h csde?f jzwfoef;&r,fh vQyfppfyrmPwdu Yk kd BudKwifwu
G ,f El idk yf gw,f/
'ghtjyif electroplating (3)rsKd;rSm toHk;jyKxm;wJh electrolytes awG?
anode rSmoHk;wJh metals awG? electrode reactions awGudk Table (2)
rSm avhvmEdik yf gw,f/ object (uyfwifcrH ,fyh pön;f )udak wmh cathode rSmyJ
xm;&r,fqdkwm aocsmpGm rSwfom;xm;apvdkygw,f/
Table 2 Electroplating (for appearance of the electroplated objects and resistance to corrosion)
Chapter (5) Oxidation and Reduction tcef;rSmawmh
oxidation eJY reduction awG&UJ t"dymÜ ,fukd ½Iaxmifth rsKd;rsKd;rS zGiq
hf o kd wfrw S f
Ekdifygw,f/ j'yfpifawG? j'yfaygif;awGeJY ions awGrSm&SdwJh elements awG&JU
Oxidation number wGuyf w kH u h m;&ygr,f/ Oxidation
G ef nf;udk avhusifx
number a&;&if ocsFm*Pef;&JaU &SrU mS (+)(-) vu©PmxnfNh yD; azmfjy&ygr,f/
Ions awG&UJ charge udk a&;&if ocsFm*Pef;&JaU emufrmS vu©Pmxnf&h r,f/
Oxidizing agent ("mwfwdk;apaomypönf;)eJY reducing agent
("mwfavQmhapaomypön;f ) jcm;em;csufawGuawmh ē awGukd vufcw H yhJ pön;f
[m Oxidizing agent jzpfNyD; ē xkwfay;wJhypönf;u reducing agent
jzpfw,f/ wjcm;ypön;f rsm;udk "mwfw;kd apNyD; ud, f ikd "f mwfavQmh&if Oxidi-
k w
zing agent jzpfw,f/ wjcm;ypön;f rsm;udk "mwfavQmhapNyD; ud, k w f ikd "f mwfw;kd
&if reducing agent jzpfw,fqdkwm odxm;oifhw,f/ Oxidizing agent
eJY reducing agent awGay;xm;&ifvnf; a&G;wwf&r,f/ Redox reaction
awGrmS reducing agent &Sd ē awGu oxidizing agent qD ul;ajymif;oGm;wm
udk oabmaygufem;vnf&r,f/
Chapter (4) Electrolysis tcef;rSmawGUcJh&wJh Electrolytic
process awGrSm Redox reactions awG yg0ifaew,f/ "mwfzdk ions
(cations) awGu cathode ("mwfrwdik )f rSm "mwfavQmhjcif; jzpfay:MuNyD;awmh
"mwfr ions (anions) awGu anode ("mwfzw kd ikd )f rSm "mwfw;kd jcif;jzpfw,f
qdkwm &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;odxm;rS electrode awGay:rSm jzpfay:wJh half-
reaction awGudk rSefrSefuefuefa&;Edkifygr,f/
"mwfwdk;"mwfavQmhnDrQjcif;nd§&mrSm nd§yHk(2)rsKd; oxidation number
method eJY half-reaction method &Sdygw,f/ ar;cGef;rSm b,fenf;eJY
ar;ar; tqifhqifhajzqdkEdkifatmif avhusifhxm;zdkY vdkygw,f/ oxidation
number method eJY ajzr,fqdk&if ay;xm;wJhnDrQjcif;rSmygwJh "mwfwdk;
"mwfavQmhjzpfwhJ elements (od)k ions rsm;tay:rSm element/atom wpfv;kH &JU
oxidation number udk azmfjyjcif;? oxidize (-ē) / reduce (+ē)
a&;ay;&jcif;? ē transfer ta&twGuf (oxidation jzpfwJh atom twGuf
ē qH;k ½I;H rIeYJ reduction jzpfwhJ atom u ē &&Srd )I awGukd rSerf eS uf efuefa&;ay;
&ygr,f/ cJwHeJYra&;rdzdkYvnf; owdjyK&ygr,f/ Oxidation number udk
oufqdkif&mtufwrf&JU tay:rSmyJ a&;cGifh&Sdygw,fqdkwm aoaocsmcsmrSwf
xm;ay;zdkYvdkygw,f/
Half-reaction method qd&k ifawmh oxidation eJY reduction jzpfwhJ
half-reaction ESpfaMumif; cGJa&;NyD; tqifhqifhrSefuefpGm ajzqdkay;&ygr,f/
aemufqHk;tajzxkwfwJhnDrQjcif;udk tao;i,fqHk; mole ta&twGufeJY
azmfjy&r,f/
Chapter (6) Rates of Reactions and Equilibria tcef;rSmawmh
"mwfjyKEIe;f eJU "mwfjyKrQajc qdik &f mtMumif;t&mawG ygygw,f/ "mwfjyKEIe;f qdk
wm tcsdew f pf,el pftwGi;f "mwfjyKypön;f (od)Yk "mwfjzpfypön;f rsm;&JU ajymif;vJ
jcif;jzpfw,f/ "mwfjyKEIef;aES;&if tcsdefMumNyD; "mwfjyKEIef;jref&if tcsdefwdkyg
w,f/ 'gaMumif"h mwfjyKEIe;f [m tcsdeef aYJ jymif;jyeftcsKd;usw,f/ "mwfjyKjcif;
wpfckrSmyg0ifaewJh "mwfjyKypönf;rsm;xJ&Sd Atoms/molecules/ions rsm;
tcsif;csif;xdwu kd w
f ikd ;f "mwfjyKjcif;rjzpfyg/ vHak vmufwphJ rG ;f tifeUJ "mwfjyKjcif;
jzpfaprJh oifhawmfwJhtaetxm;rSm "mwfjyKypönf;rsm; tcsif;csif; xdwdkufrI
tBudrfrsm;avav "mwfjyKEIef;jrefavavjzpfw,f/
"mwfjyKjcif;wpfck&JU jrefjcif;?aES;jcif;tay: oufa&mufwJhtcsuf(6)
csuf&w dS ,f/ "mwfjyKypön;f rsm;&JU yg0ifued ;f ? zdtm;? tylcsde?f "mwfuyl pön;f rsm;?
a&mifjcnfeJU "mwfjyKypönf;rsm;&JU rsufESmjyif{&d,mwdkY jzpfw,f/
Effect of concentration of reactant rSm "mwfjyKjcif;xJrSmygwJh
"mwfjyKypönf; (reactants) rsm;&JU yg0ifudef;rsm;&if reactants tcsif;csif;
xdwu kd rf I (Collision) ydrk sm;r,f/ 'gaMumifh "mwfjyKjcif;rsm;[m "mwfjyKypön;f
rsm;&JU Concentration rsm;vm&if xdwdkufEkdifwJhtajctaersm;wJhtwGuf
reaction rate jrefw,f/ Effect of concentration of reactant udk OyrmeJY
avhvmMunfh&atmif/ Mg ribbon 1 g udk 0.5 M HCl eJY 1.0 M HCl
&SdaewJh Beaker wpfvHk;pDxJudk xnfhvdkuf&if 1.0 M HCl xnfhxm;wJh
Beaker cGufxJu Mg ribbon awGu jrefjref"mwfjyKNyD; ukefoGm;r,f/ 1.0
M HCl &JU jyif;tm;u 0.5 M HCl &JU jyif;tm;xufydkrsm;vdkY jzpfw,f/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh 1.0 M HCl xJ&Sd acid molecule ta&twGuf[m 0.5
M HCl xJ&Sd acid molecule ta&twGufxuf ydkrsm;wJhtwGuf Mg
atom eJY acid molecules awG xdwdkufwJhtBudrfta&twGuf ydkrsm;vmvdkY
"mwfjyK EIef; jref&jcif;jzpfw,f/
azazmf0g&D 16? 2019
Effect of pressure uawmh "mwfaiGrU sm;omygwJh "mwfjyKjcif;rsm;eJo
Y m
oufqdkifw,f/ Solids, liquids eJY aqueous solutions rsm;yg0ifcJh&if
zdtm;oufa&mufrrI &SEd ikd yf g/ oHpav;awG[m oxygen 20 % omygwahJ vxJrmS
jznf;nif;pGmavmifuRrf;NyD; pure oxygen rSmawmh rD;yGm;rsm; xGufNyD;
jyif;xefpGmavmifuRrf;wmudk awGU&ygw,f/ oxygen yg0ifrIrsm;avav
,if;"mwfaiG&U UJ zdtm;vnf; rsm;avavjzpfNyD; "mwfjyKEIe;f vnf;jrefvmw,f/
Effect of temperature rSmawmh "mwfjyKjcif;rsm;[m edrw hf t hJ ylcsdexf uf
jrifhwJhtylcsdefrSm vsifjrefpGm "mwfjyKEdkifMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh a&cJaowåmxJrSm
odr;f qnf;xm;wJh tpm;tpmawG[m tcef;tylcsderf mS xm;wJh tpm;tpmawG
xuf ykyfodk;ysufpD;rIaES;wmudk awGUEdkifygw,f/ tylcsdef 10 'D*&D jrifhvm&if
"mwfjyKEIef;[m (2)qydkjrefvmw,fvdkUqdkygw,f/
Effect of catalysts rSm positive catalyst eJY negative catalyst
(2)rsKd;&Swd ,f/ Enzyme (biocatalyst)udk ouf&rdS sm;&Jw U pfoQL;rsm;rSm awG&U
w,f/ tpmajctifZikd ;f rsm;jzpfwhJ wHawG;xJrS ptyalin eJY tpmtdrt f &nfxrJ S
pepsin enzymes awG[m starch eJY proteins wdv Yk kd armfvu D sL;BuD;awGukd
cE¨mud, k qf vJ rf sm;rS toH;k jyKEdik w f hJ sugar vdak o;i,fwhJ armfvu D sL;rsm;tjzpf
ajczsuf&mrSm vsifjrefapwJt h wGuf ,if;tifZikd ;f rsm;[m positive catalysts
rsm; jzpfMuw,f/
Effect of radiation udk "mwfjyKjcif;wpfcsKdUrSm awGUEdkifygw,f/ H2 eJY
Cl2 gas wdkY[m awmufywJh aea&mifatmufrSm jyif;xefpGmaygufuGJNyD;
"mwfjyKEdik wf ,f/ tJ'v D kd tvif;a&mifuae Energy (hv) udk pky, f Nl yD;rSjzpfwhJ
"mwfjyKjcif;udk photochemical reaction vdkY ac:ygw,f/
Effect of surface area of reactants udv k nf; OyrmeJY avhvmMunf&h
atmif/ 1.0 M HCl (100 cm3) ygwJh Beaker ESpv k yl g/ yxr Beaker
f ;kH ud,
xJukd 1 g Mg Powder rsm;xnfNh yD; 'kw, d Beaker xJukd 1 g Mg Ribbon
rsm;xnfhNyD; Munfhyg/ Mg Powder u t&G,ftpm;i,fNyD; surface area
rsm;vdYk "mwfjyKjcif;jrefwmawG&U w,f/ Mg ribbon uawmh t&G,t f pm;BuD;NyD;
surface area i,fwJhtwGuf "mwfjyKjcif;aES;w,f/
"mwfjyKjcif;wpfcrk Qajca&mufzYkd 'D"mwfjyKjcif;[m tjyeftvSe"f mwfjyKjcif;
trsKd;tpm;jzpf&ygr,f/ Reversible reaction rSm a&SUodkY"mwfjyKjcif;
(forward reaction) qdkwm product jzpfwJhbuf nmbufodkYoGm;jcif;
jzpfw,f/ a&SUodkY"mwfjyKjcif;eJY qefUusifbufoGm;wJh"mwfjyKjcif;udk reverse
reaction vdaYk c:w,f/ product awGjyefNydKuGNJ yD; reactant jyefjzpfomG ;wmyg/
rQajc a&mufNyDqdk&ifawmh tjyeftvSef"mwfjyKjcif;(2)ckvHk;&JU "mwfjyKEIef;u
wlomG ;NyD; yg0ifypön;f rsm;&JU yg0ifued ;f awG rajymif;awmhygbl;/ 'gudk dynamic
equilibrium vdaYk c:w,f/ tJ'D dynamic equilibrium ay:udk oufa&mufrI
awGay;vdkuf&if rQajcvm;&majymif;vJyHkudk Le Chatelier's principle u
azmfjyxm;w,f/
'DrQajcudkajymif;vJapwJh oufa&mufrI(3)ck&Sdygw,f/ temperature,
pressure eJY concentration wdyYk jJ zpfygw,f/ rQajcudak &mufaewJh "mwfjyKjcif;
wpfckrSm tylcsdefjr§ifhvdkuf&if tylpkyfwJh"mwfjyKjcif;udk OD;pm;ay;jzpfNyD; rQajc
,m,DysufomG ;ygw,f/ jr§iv hf ukd w f t hJ ylcsdeu
f ek o
f nftxd tylpyk f "mwfjyKjcif;
jzpfNyD;&if rQajc (New state of equilibrium) udk jyefa&mufygw,f/
xdek nf;wlyJ "mwfaiGyU gwJh "mwfjyKjcif;awGrmS zdtm;jr§iahf y;cJ&h if Boyle's
law t& xkxnf usKHUwJhbufudkOD;wnfNyD; "mwfjyKjcif;jzpfum rQajc,m,D
ysufomG ;ygw,f/ "mwfaiGU reactant eJY product awG&UJ mole (od)Yk volume
wl&if zdtm;oufa&mufrrI &Syd gbl;/ Le Chatelier's principle eJyY wfoufwhJ
ykämawGudkvnf; avhusifhxm;zdkYvdkygw,f/
yg0ifypönf;rsm;jzpfwJh reactant eJY product awG&JU yg0ifudef;awGudk
ajymif;ay;&if yg0ifudef;rsm;wJhbufrS enf;wJhbufudk OD;wnfNyD; rQajc,m,D
ysufoGm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh wpfcsdefcsdefrSm rQajcudk jyefNyD; a&mufoGm;ygw,f/
Chapter (7) rSmawmh Energy changes in chemical reactions
("mwfjyKjcif;rsm;eJY oufqikd w f hJ pGr;f tifajymif;vJjcif;)awGukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
Energy trsKd;tpm;rsm;eJY "mwfjyKjcif;wpfckjzpfay:&if tylxGufjcif;(odkY)
tylpyk jf cif;jzpfwmawGukd awG&U ygr,f/"mwfjyKjcif;wpfcjk zpfvYkd ywf0ef;usifukd
tylawGxGufvm&if exothermic reactions vdkYac: NyD; tylajymif;vJjcif;
∆HƟ wefz;kd udk tEkwv f u©PmeJY azmfjy&w,f/ tu,fí "mwfjyKjcif;wpfcjk zpfzYkd
ywf0ef;usifutyludkpkyf,l&&if Endothermic reaction vdkYac: NyD; ∆HƟ
wefzdk;udk taygif;vu©PmeJY jy&ygr,f/
"mwfjyKjcif;wpfcjk zpfay:wJt h cg heat absorbed (od)Yk heat released
jzpfjcif;udk constant pressure rSmavhvmcJh&if Enthalpy change (∆H)
vdkY owfrSwfw,f/ tu,fí standard temperature (25 C H /298 K) eJY
standard pressure (1 atm/760 mmHg) rSm avhvmr,fq&kd if Standard
enthalpy change (∆HƟ ) jzpfw,fqdkwm owdjyK&ygr,f/ Thermo-
chemical equations awGudk a&;om;wJhtcgrSm "mwfypönf;awG&JU
tylajymif;vJjcif; (taygif;(odkY)tEkwfvu©Pm)rsm;? physical states
awGudk xnfhay;zdkYvdktyfygw,f/
"mwfjyKjcif;trsKd;rsKd;rS&vmwJh heat change awGrSm heat of
combustion, heat of formation of a compound eJY heat of
neutralization qdNk yD;(3)rsKd;&Syd gw,f/ ,if;wd&Uk UJ symbol awG? ∆HƟ wefz;kd
udk (+) (odkY) (-) vu©Pmazmfjyjcif;awG? unit awGudk cGJjcm;NyD;rSwfom;
xm;&ygr,f/ pmrsufESm 19 okdY
azazmf0g&D 16? 2019
pmrsufESm 18 rS
Hess's law ykämawGeJYywfoufNyD; owdxm;&r,fhtcsufawGuawmh
ay;xm;csufeJY aemufqHk;tajz[m heat of formation (odkY) heat of
combustion vm;qdkwmudk ar;cGef;rSmaoaocsmcsmzwfNyD;rS "mwfjyKnDrQ
jcif;a&;jcif;? n§jd cif;? ∆HƟ wefz;kd rsm;a&;jcif;wdYk vky&f ygr,f/ physical state,
heat change ∆HƟ &JU vu©PmawGeYJ unit rsm;udk jynfjh ynfph pkH x kH nfo
h iG ;f azmfjy
&ygr,f/ heat of combustion jzpfwhJ oxygen gas eJY aygif;pyfr,fh element
(or) compound [m 1 mole omjzpf&r,f/ heat of formation jzpfwJh
product compound u 1 mole jzpf&r,fqdkwmawGudk owdjyK&ygr,f/
Heat of combustion eJY heat of formation awGtwGuf unit u
kJ mol-1 jzpfNyD; heat of formation udk oauFw ∆HfƟ eJY azmfjy&r,f/
"mwfjyKnDrQjcif;rsm;udk ]]1 xufBuD;wJh udef;jynfhajr§mufazmfudef;wpfckckeJY
ajr§mufvu kd &f if unit [m kJ jzpfomG ;NyD; rlvtylwefz;kd ajymif;vJomG ;ygr,f/
Thermochemical equations awGudk reverse (ajymif;jyef) vkyfvdkuf&if
vnf; heat change &JU unit rSm kJ jzpfNyD; vu©Pmygajymif;ay;&ygr,f/
aemufq;kH tajzrSm heat of combustion qd&k if oauFwu ∆HƟ eJY heat
of formation qdk&if oauFw[m ∆HfƟ jzpfygw,f/ unit awGrSm kJmol-1
jzpf&r,f qdkwm aoaocsmcsmodxm;zdkY vdkygw,f/ heat change ygwJh
thermochemical equation ay;NyD; ¤if; equation &Sd substances awG&UJ
mass udk ar;wJhykämawGudkvnf; avhvmxm;&ygr,f/
Chapter (8) Some important metals and their compounds
eJY Chapter (9) Metal reactivity uawmh metallurgy (owåKaA')
eJY ywfoufwhJ tcef;awGjzpfw,f/ Metals awGukd olw&Ykd UJ owåK½dik ;f (Ores)
awGrSxkwfyHk? metals awG&JU reactivity ay:rlwnfNyD; b,fowåKawGudk
electrolysis enf;eJx Y wk rf ,f? b,fowåKawGukd reduction enf;eJx
b,fowåKawGukd obm0twdik ;f awG&U EdS ikd w f ,fqw kd mudk avhvmxm;&ygr,f/
owåKawGeJYtufppf? av (atmufqD*sif)? a&? a&aiGUwdkYeJU "mwfjyKEdkif
pGr;f owdaå wGukd azmfjyxm;wJh reactivity series udv k nf; aoaocsmcsmodxm;
&ygr,f/ Ores awGeJY Ores xJrSm trsm;qHk;ygwJh j'yfaygif;awG&JUtrnfawG?
Chemical formulae awG? owåK½dkif;rS owåKxkwfazmfwJh enf;pOfawG?
,if;owåKrsm;ygwJh j'yfaygif;xkwfazmfyHkawG? ,if;wdkY&JUtoHk;jyKyHkawGtjyif
"mwfjyKnDrQjcif;awGudkvnf; avhvmxm;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
Steel trsKd;tpm; (5) rsKd;? alloys (owåKpyfrsm;)eJY ,if;wd&Yk UJ composi-
tions awG? properties awGeJY toHk;0ifyHkawGudkvnf; aoaocsmcsmodzdkY
vdyk gw,f/ NyD;awmh oHacs;wufjcif;taMumif;eJY oHacs;wufjcif;udk umuG,f
jcif;? recycling metals (Al & Fe) taMumif;awGudk avhvmxm;zdkY
vdkygw,f/
Chapter (10) Nitrogen and its compounds tcef;uawmh
nitrogen qdkif&m "mwfcGJcef;"mwfaiGU (N2, NH3, NO, N2O, NO2)
xkwfazmfyHk? Chapter (11) Sulphur and its compounds tcef;rSm
ajratmuf (ay 700 0ef;usif)xJrSm&SdwJh sulphur udk Frasch Process
eJY tajrmuftjrm;xkwf,ljcif;? sulphur eJY oufqdkifwJh "mwfaiGU (H2S,
SO2) xkwaf zmfjcif;? Chapter (12) The halogens tcef;rSm halogens
rsm;jzpfwJh Cl2, Br2, I2 xkwfazmfjcif;awG avhvmxm;&r,f/ "mwfcGJcef;rSm
"mwfaiGUxkwfazmfyHkawGudk avhvm&if tòef;rSefuefjynfhpHkwJhyHk? rSefuefwJh
pmom;nDrQjcif;eJY oauFwnDrQjcif;? rSefuefwJh"mwfjyKypönf;rsm;eJU "mwfjyK
tajctae? "mwfaiGpU ak qmif;yH?k "mwfaiGU jynfrh jynfph rf;oyfenf;? vdt
"mwfaiGu U kd ajcmufaoGaU tmifjyKvkyef nf;wdeYk w YJ uG aocsmpGm avhvmrSwo
xm;&rSmjzpfygw,f/
"mwfaiGpU ak qmif;wJeh nf;awGuv kd nf; oufqikd &f m"mwfaiGaU wG&UJ ½ky*f P
owdaå wGeUJ ,SOw f NJG yD; rSwxf m;&ygr,f/ xkw, f rl ,f"h mwfaiG[ U m tufppf*P
owdå&Sdvm;? aAhpf*kPfowdå&Sdvm;? *kPfrJhvm;? aysmf0ifowdåb,fvdk&SdovJ?
avxufav;ovm;? ayghovm;pwJh *kPfowdåawGeJU pOf;pm;qHk;jzwfNyD;rS
"mwfaiGUpkaqmif;wJhenf;awGudk od&Sdxm;&ygr,f/
Nitrogen, sulphur, halogens awGeYJ qdik w f hJ j'yfaygif;wd&Uk UJ ½ky*f Pk of wd?å
"mwf*kPfowdåeJU toHk;0ifyHkawGudkvnf; odrSwfxm;zdkYvdkygw,f/ Caustic
soda (NaOH), chlorine, ammonia, nitric acid eJY sulphuric acid
wdu Yk kd tajrmuftjrm;xkwv f &Ykd wJh Manufacturing (Industrial) Process
awGudkvnf; aoaocsmcsmem;vnfatmif avhvmxm;zdkY vdktyfygw,f/
Chapter (13) Acids, Bases and their Neutralization
rSmawmh Acids, Bases wd&Yk UJ t"dymÜ ,fziG q hf ckd suftrsKd;rsKd;? proton xkwaf y;
EdkifrItay: tajccHwJh strong acid eJY weak acid ? pure acid yg0ifrIay:
tajccHwhJ concentrated acid eJY dilute acid wd&Yk UJ jcm;em;rI? Ionic product
of water (Kw) &JU mathematical expression, numerical value wdkYudk
odxm;&ygr,f/ tylcsdew f pfcrk mS Kw wefz;kd ude;f aojzpfw,f/ tylcsdeaf jymif;
&if Kw wefzdk;ajymif;w,fqdkwmvnf; od&r,f/
pH eJY pOH wd&Uk UJ oabmw&m;zGiq hf ckd suftjyif pH eJY pOH wd&Yk UJ wefz;kd
udMk unfNh yD; aysmf&nfwpfc[ k m tufppfvm;? aAhpv f m;cGjJ cm;zdYk toH;k jyKEdik yf gw,f/
pH wefz;kd 7 xufi,f&ifawmh acid aysmf&nf? pH wefz;kd 7 xufBuD;&ifawmh
alkali/base aysmf&nfrsm; jzpfw,f/ pH 7 rSmqdk&ifawmh a&oefY(odkY) biodiesel xkw,
f jl cif;? anaerobic fermentation enf;jzifh biogas xkw,
f l
"mwfjy,f (neutral) wJh aysmf&nfjzpfygw,f/ acid awG&JU jyif;tm;udk Ka jcif;? ausmufrD;aoG;jzpfpOftrsKd;rsKd;eJY ausmufrD;aoG;rS&EdkifwJh chemicals
(dissociation constant) odkYr[kwf pKa eJYjyEdkifovdk Base/alkali awGtaMumif;? tJ'D chemicals awG&t UJ oH;k 0ify?kH crude oil, diesel, LPG,
aysmf&nfawG&JU jyif;tm;udk Kb/pKb eJYazmfjyedkifygw,f/ aysmf&nfwpfckxJrSm CNG, biodiesel, biogas, zeolite ZSM-5, coal eJY coal gas awG&JU
[H+] rsm;&if Ka wefzdk;BuD;r,f/ Ka eJU pKa ajymif;jyeftcsKd;usvdkU pKa compositions awGudk od&Sdxm;&ygr,f/
wefzdk;i,foGm;r,f/ 'gaMumifh acid strength aumif;w,f/ NyD;awmh [H+] aemufq;kH Chapter (15) Chemistry in Society qdw k hJ vlaerIb0eJU
enf;&if Ka wefzdk;i,fNyD; pKa wefzdk;BuD;r,f/ 'gaMumifh acid strength "mwkaA'bmom&yfwYkd qufo, G af eyHu k kd avhvmwJt h cef;rSmawmh tyifawG
enf;r,fqdkwm em;vnfoabmaygufzdkYvdkygw,f/ BuD;xGm;zdUk vdtk yfaewJh elements taMumif;awG? tyifawG touf&iS af eEdik zf Ykd
qm;trsKd;tpm;(4)rsKd;jzpfwJh tm;jyif;tufppfeJYtm;jyif;aAhpf? tm;jyif; vdktyfwJhoMum;"mwfudk photosynthesis rS&&SdyHk? obm0ajrMoZmeJY "mwf
tufppfeUJ tm;aysmhaAhp?f tm;aysmhtufppfet YJ m;jyif;aAhp?f tm;aysmhtufppfeYJ ajrMoZmwdkY[m tyifawG&JUtoD;? tyGifh? t&GufBuD;xGm;rIudk tm;ay;yHk?
tm;aysmhaAhpfwdkU&JUqm;awG a&oGif;NzdKcGJjcif;jzpfwJhtcg pH wefzdk; rwlnD&wJh insecticides trsKd;tpm;awGeJU tyifBuD;xGm;rIudktm;ay;wJh growth
taMumif;&if;awGukd qm;erlemrsm;ESihf tusKd;taMumif; qufpyfajz&Si;f wwfzYkd substances awGtjyif cement xkwaf zmfykH tqifq h if?h cement xkwaf zmf&m
vdkygw,f/ rSmoH;k wJh ukeMf urf;ypön;f awG? Plaster of Paris &JU composition ? xkwaf zmfyekH YJ
Buffer solution eJyY wfoufwhJ t"dymÜ ,fowfrw S cf suf? Acidic buffer/ *kPo f wdaå wG? yifv,fa&xJrmS yg0ifwhJ qm;rsm;eJY yifv,fa&rSqm;xkwaf zmf
Basic buffer examples eJY ykämawGukd rSeu f efpmG a&;Edik ?f wGuEf ikd zf v
Ykd ykd gw,f/ enf;rsm;taMumif;awG yg0ifygw,f/
Buffer aysmf&nfrsm;u acid / base tenf;i,f xnfhaomfvnf; pH udk 'ghtjyif plastics and polymers tydkif;rSmawmh natural polymers
rajymif;atmif b,fvdkxdef;xm;EdkifwmvJqdkwJh &Sif;vif;csufudkodxm;zdkY eJU synthetic polymers awG? rsdK;wlwJh monomer tcsif;csif;aygif;jyD;
vdkygw,f/ Buffer solution ykämwGufwJhtcg tufppfaysmhawG&JU NydKuGJrIudk homopolymer (addition polymer) jzpfay:vmyH?k rsKd;rwlwhJ monomers
tjyeftvSefnDrQjcif;? qm;awG&JU NydKuGJrIudk wpfzufoGm;nDrQjcif;? concen- tcsif;csif;aygif;NyD; copolymer (condensation polymer) jzpfay:vmyHak wG?
tration udk square bracket [ ] eJYazmfjy&NyD; unit udk M (odkY) mol dm-3 rsKd;wl monomers awGudk addition polymerization reaction oHk;NyD;
eJaU zmfjyjcif;? pH, pOH, pKa wdrYk mS unit azmfjy&efrvdt k yfjcif;pwJh owdxm; PE, PP, PVC, PTFE, PS tp&Sw d hJ addition polymer jyKvkyyf ?kH rsKd;rwlwhJ
&r,fhtcsufawGudk em;vnfzdkYvdktyfygw,f/ acid, base awG&JU pH, pOH, monomers ESpcf ak ygif;NyD; a&armfvu D sL;z,fwhJ condensation polymeri-
[H+], [OH-], pKa &SmwJh ykämwGuaf wGuv kd nf; mathematical formulae zation enf;jzifh Nylon, polyester pwJh condensation polymer
awG rSefuefpGma&;NyD; wGufEdkif&ygr,f/ jyKvkyfyHkeJY yg0ifwJh"mwfpnf;trsKd;tpm;? addition eJY condensation
Y wk rf ,f? Chapter (14) Organic Chemistry tcef;rSmawmh alkanes, polymers awG&UJ *kPo f wdeå YJ toH;k jyKyHak wGukd avhvmrSwo f m;xm;&ygr,f/
alkenes, alkynes eJY alcohols awGudk yg0ifwJh carbon vHk;a&tvdkuf Thermoplastic eJY Thermosetting polymers awGukd jyefvnftoH;k cswJh
graphic structure, molecular structure eJY molecular formula a&;yH?k enf;awGuv kd nf; avhvmrSwo f m;xm;zdv Yk ykd gw,f/ aemufq;kH taeeJU qyfjym
Isomers awG&UJ wnfaqmufzpUJG nf;yH?k ,if;wdu Yk kd trivial eJY IUPAC system csufjcif;taMumif;? soapless detergent taMumif;eJY ,if;wd&Yk aUJ cs;cRwfEikd f
awGeJY trnfay;yHk? ,if; Hydrocarbons j'yfaygif;awGudk "mwfcGJcef;rSm pGr;f owdt å aMumif;awGukd wnfaqmufyrkH sm;eJw Y uG &Si;f vif;xm;wmawGukd
xkw, f el nf;rsm;eJ,Y if;wd&Uk *UJ P
k of wdaå wGukd avhvmxm;&ygr,f/ ,if;j'yfaygif; od&Sdxm;oifhygw,f/ Addition polymers ? Condensation polymers
rsm;xkw, f el nf;eJY "mwf*P k o f wdaå wGrmS ygwJh "mwfjyKjcif;trsKd;tpm; (subs- wdkYeJYywfoufNyD; odoifhodxdkufwmawGudk Table(3) rSm azmfjyay;xm;yg
titution, addition reactions) awG? j'yfaygif;wpfckrSwpfckajymif;vJjcif; w,f/
Table 3 Summary of Polymers
k yfvQif
f m;
k f (Conversion)awG? ÓPfprf;ykämawG? cGjJ cm;jcif;awGukd aoaocsmcsmavhusifh tMuHjyKcsuf
k f xm;&r,f/ cGJjcm;jcif;awGrSmawmh alkane & alkene, alkane & alkyne, tck Chapter wpfcck sif;tvdu k f avhvmrSwo f m;&r,ft h aMumif;t&m
alkene & alkyne, alkynes tcsif;csif;cGjJ cm;wwfatmif? cGjJ cm;&mrSmrsufpd awGeJY owdjyK&r,fhtcsufawGudk tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;ay;NyD;jzpfwJhtwGuf
jzifhjrif&NyD; odomxif&Sm;wJhta&mifajymif;vJrI? tenfusrIwdkYygwJh "mwfjyK wynfw h t
Ykd aeeJU b,fvakd vhvmrSwof m;oifw h ,fqw kd m oabmaygufNyDxifyg
jcif;awGudkom toHk;jyK&ygr,f/ w,f/ 'gaMumifh chapter wpfckcsif; tao;pdwf aocsmpGmavhvmzdkY?
aemufxyfowdjyK&r,fhtcsufuawmh "mwfjyKnDrQjcif;rsm;udk a&;&if usKd;aMumif;qufpyfawG;ac:wwfzUkd vdt k yfwt hJ jyif zwfpmtkyrf mS ygwJh ykämawG?
atmf*Jepfj'yfaygif;rsm;&JU trnf? "mwfjyKtajctaetjynfhtpHkxnfha&;ay; ar;cGe;f a[mif;awGuykd g avhusifx
h m;zdvYk ykd gw,f/ xyfro H wday;vdw k muawmh
zdkYvdktyfygw,f/ ykämwGufwJhtcg vdktyfwJhae&mawGrSm units rsm;xnhfzdkY? yHkaoenf;rsm;udk
Petroleum industry and petrochemicals taMumif;eJyY wfoufNyD;
jynfhpHkatmifa&;zdkY? oufqdkif&mar;cGef;ykämeHygwfudk azmfjya&;om;ay;zdkY
non-renewable energy rsm;jzpfwJh fossil fuels (crude oil, natural
owdjyK&ygr,f/ txl;owdjyK&r,fhtcsufuawmh ar;cGef;yHkpHtopf[m
gas, coal) jzpfay:yH?k renewable energy rsm;jzpfwhJ biodiesel & biogas
a&G;cs,fciG ehf nf;oGm;wJt
h wGuf trSwrf sm;rsm;vdck sif&if tcef; (15)cef;vH;k udk
awG? crude oil udk fractional distillation enf;pOfjzifh oefYpifjcif;?
aphpyfaocsmpGm odxm;zdkYvdkygw,f/
,if;enf;pOfjzifh &vmwJh Hydrocarbons eJY ,if;wd&Yk UJ toH;k 0ify?kH kerosene,
diesel wdkYudk catalytic cracking enf;pOfoHk;NyD; gasoline aemufqHk;taeeJY q&m q&mrrsm;&JU oifMum;jyorIeJY rdrdwdkY&JU
ajymif;vJEdkifyHk? Gasoline, methanol (liquid fuels) &JU flash point BudK;pm;tm;xkwrf aI wGukd aygif;pyfNyD; tckaqG;aEG;ay;vdu k w
f hJ aqG;aEG;
awG? flash point eJY ignition temperature jcm;em;csufawGudk odxm;zdkY csuftwdkif; avhusifhoGm;MuygvdkY wdkufwGef;vdkygw,f/ 'D 2019 ckESpf?
vdkygw,f/ rwfvrSmusif;yr,fh wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJrSm "mwkaA'bmom&yfudk
tpm;xdk;avmifpmqDrsm;jzpfwJh methanol rS xkwf,l&&SdwJh gasoline tcuftcJr&Sd aumif;rGefrSefuefpGmajzqdkEdkifNyD; trSwfrsm;rsm;eJY
eJY diesel, LPG, CNG, biodiesel, biogas awG&JU taMumif;t&mrsm;udk atmifjrifrI&&SdEdkifMuygapvdkY qkrGefaumif;awmif;&if; 'DrSmyJ&yfem;
avhvmrSwo f m;xm;zdYk vdyk gw,f/ 'ghtjyif transesterification enf;pOfjzifh vdkufygw,f/ /
azazmf0g&D 17? 2019

2019 ckESpf? wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJtwGuf áyaA'bmom&yfqdkif&m odaumif;p&mrsm;

a'gufwmcifcif0if;? ygarmu©(XmerSL;)? áyaA'Xme? &efukefwuúodkvf
2019 ckESpf? wuúodkvf0ifwef;pmar;yGJ ½lyaA'bmom&yfajzqdkMurnfh ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; of water 1000 kgm-3). What length is under the surface when the rod floats
twGuf ½lyaA'bmom&yfajzqd&k mwGif odrw S zf , G &f mrsm;ESihf owdxm;oifo
h nfh tcsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;rSm in brine? (density of brine1200 kg m-3).
jzpfygw,f/ yxrOD;qHk; 2019 ckESpf? ½lyaA'bmom&yf ar;cGef;yHkpHtopfudk &Sif;vif;rSmjzpfygw,f/ ρw = 1000 kg m-3, ρb = 1200 kg m-3
2019 ckESpf? ½lyaA'bmom&yfar;cGef;yHkpHonf 2018 ckESpf ar;cGef;yHkpHESifh tenf;i,fuGJjym; hw= 6cm = 6x 10-2m
jcm;em;rI&Sdygw,f/
½lyaA'bmom&yfar;cGef;yHkpHrSm-
(1) SECTION (A) eJY SECTION (B) tydkif;ESpfck yg&Sdygw,f/ Vs (water) = The volume of the rodimmersed in water
(2) SECTION (A) tydkif;u (4)rSwfwefar;cGef; (9)yk'f&SdNyD; tm;vHk;ajzqkd&rSmjzpfygw,f/ Vs (brine) = The volume of the rodimmersed in brine
cross-sectional area of a rod=A=πr2
(3) SECTION(B)rSmawmh eHygwf(10)uaeNyD; eHygwf(15)xd&SdjyD; ESpfouf&m(4)yk'fudk
The volume of the rod (in water) =The volume of the rod (in the brine)
a&G;cs,fajzqk&d rSmjzpfygw,f/ eHygwf(15)rSm (OR) cHNyD;ar;xm;wJt h wGuf ESpof uf&m (1)yk'f
udkyJ a&G;cs,fajzqdk&ygr,f/ SECTION(B) rSmawmh ar;cGef;(1)yk'fudk(16)rSwf ay;ygw,f/
ar;cGef;wdkif;rSm (a)eJY (b) ESpfydkif;cGJNyD; ar;xm;ygw,f/
(4) SECTION (B) &JU ar;cGe;f wdik ;f u (a)eJY (b) rSmjy|mef;pmtky\ f tcef;wpfck (Same chapter)
xJrS tpOftNrJar;jcif;r[kwfyg/
(5) jy|mef;pmtkyfrSmyg&Sdaom oifcef;pmtcef;(1)rStcef;(13)txd? tydkif;tm;jzifhajym&if-
Mechanics, Heat, Waves and Sound,Optics, Electricity and Magnetism, Modern
Physics tydkif;(6)ydkif;? tcef;tvdkuf^tydkif;tvdkuftm;vHk; tcsKd;nD rQwpGmyg0ifatmif
tcef;wkid ;f uyHpk w
H u
G rf sm;? yHak oenf;wGux
f w
k yf rkH sm;? oifcef;pmrsm;ay:rSm tajccHNyD; ar;xm;jcif;
jzpfygw,f/
(6) ,ckkar;cGef;yHkpHtopf\ ar;cGef;eHygwf(1)wGif ay;xm;aomtajzrsm;teufrS rSefuefaom 'Dar;cGef;udkajzqdk&mrSm upward thrust conceptual point of view rSvnf; ajzqdkEdkifygw,f/
tajzudka&G;cs,fjcif;(Multiple Choice)? ar;cGef;eHygwf(2)wGif rSefuefpGmwGJzufay;jcif; rnf onfhenf;eJYwGufwGufyHkaoenf;rSef? wGufenf;rSef? tajzrSevf Qif trSwfjynfh&ygw,f/
(Matching) ESifh tpm;xdk;ygrnf/ ** ykämwGuf&if 'or(2)ae&mxd tajzxkwfay;zdkYvdkygw,f/
(7) ,cifar;cGef;onf ay;rSwf (152) rSwfay:wGif trSwf(100)zdk; ajzqdk&ygonf/ ed , mr (Law) awGudkajzwJhtcg wdwdususeJU jynfhpHkpGmajzrS trSwfNynfh&rSmjzpfygw,f/
(8) ,ckar;cGef;onf ay;rSwf (148) rSwfay:wGif trSwf(100)zdk; ajzqdk&ygrnf/ ed,mrawGeJUywfoufNyD; ar;cGef;rSm pmom;? ocsFmnDrQjcif;? concept t&ygar;Edkifygw,f/
 2019 ckESpf? ar;cGef;yHkpHopf eHygwf(1) Multiple Choice twGufar;cGef;yHkpH-  Oyrm/ / State Coulomb's law in words.

1. Choose the correct answer from the followings. (4 marks) Coulomb's law udk pmom;eJYajzqdkcdkif;wmjzpfvdkY atmufazmfjyygtwdkif;ajzqdkoifhygw,f/
(i) The .......... in hydraulic press is exerted equally in the liquid in all directions.  Coulomb's law (in words):The electric force between two charges is directly
(A. pressure, B. force, C. weight) proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square
(ii) The distance from a node to the nearest antinodes is .......... of the distance between them.
(OR)
 Oyrm/ / State Coulomb's law in symbols. (OR) What is the formula for Coulomb's
(iii) The unit used to measure electric current is .......... . law?
(A. ampere (A), B. volt (V), C. farad (F) ) Coulomb's law udo k auFweJY ajzqdck ikd ;f wmjzpfvYkd nDrQjcif;rSmygwJh oauFwwpfcck sif;pDtwGuf
(iv) Image formed by a concave lens is always virtual and …………. the zGifhqdk&Sif;vif;csufrsm; azmfjy&ygr,f/
object. Coulomb's law (in symbols):
(A. smaller than B. same size as C. larger than) Coulomb's law can be expressed as :
ar;cGef;(1)twGuf ajzqdkyHkrSm-
1. (i) A where
(ii) C F = the force between Q1 and Q2,
(iii) A Q1 and Q2 = electric charges
(iv) A K = constant
 2019 ckESpf? ar;cGef;yHkpHopf eHygwf(2) Matching twGufar;cGef;yHkpH- r = the distance between electric charges Q1 & Q2
2. Match the followings. (4 marks)  Oyrm/ / Why is Coulomb's law called an inverse square law?
(i) The rate of doing work A. form of energy
(ii) NAND gate B. newton per coulomb (NC-1) Since the force F is inversely proportional to r2, Coulomb's law is also called an
(iii) volt per metre (Vm-1) C. universal gate inverse square law.
F = the force between two charges Q1 & Q2,
(iv) Light D. power
r = the distance between electric charges Q1 & Q2
ar;cGef;(2) twGuf ajzqdkyHkrSm- Definition awGajz&iff ydkrdkjynfhpHk&Sif;vif;rI&SdwJh t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufudk oifMum;olq&m q&mrrsm;u
2. (i) D aocsmqef;ppfNyD;rS wynfhrsm;udk vrf;òefrIay;oifhygw,f/
(ii) C Oyrm - Heat tcef;u
(iii) B
Heat Convection
(iv) A
In the Chapter Summary
txufyg ar;cGef;eHygwf(1)ESifh(2)udkMunfhvQif Multiple Choice, Matching twGuf ar;cGef;(4)
yk'fonf- A much larger quantity of heat may be Convection is the transfer of heat due to
carried by the motion of the fluid itself. the movement of a fluid (i.e. a liquid or a
(1) jy|mef;pmtkyf tcef;(1)cef;xJrS ar;jcif;rsKd;r[kwfyg/
This is called convection. gas) itself.
(2) Formula, Definition, Unit,Concept, Symbols trsKd;pHkar;jcif;jzpfygonf/
(3) pmvHk;(1)vHk;xufydkí ar;jcif;rsKd;vnf; &SdEdkifygonf/ (Oyrm-1(iv), 2(i))
Heat Radiation
(4) ajzqdk&mwGif pmom;rsm;tm;vHk; ul;,lazmfjy&efrvdktyfyg/
In the Chapter Summary
(5) ar;cGef;eHygwfpOf rSefuefpGmwyf&ef txl;vdktyfygonf/
½lyaA'bmom&yf ar;cGef;oabmudkMunfh&if- Radiation is a mode of heat transfer Radiation is the transfer of heat that does
whereby energy is transported by means not require a material medium.
á ½lyaA'bmom[m tvGwfusufrSwf½HkeJYr&bJ oDtdk&Doabmw&m;rsm;ESifh Physical
of electromagnetic waves. Energy is transferred by electromagnetic
Quantity wpfckcsif;pD&JUtajccHoabmw&m;rsm;? ½lyaA'ed,mrawGeJY concept vdkYac:wJh (No material medium is required for waves (infrared radiation) that pass
tod onmawGudk tcsdwftqufrdrd ausausnufnuf em;vnfrI&SdvQif ar;cGef;awGudk the passage of such waves.) through a medium or even vacuum.
tcuftcJr&Sd jynfhpHkrSefuefpGm ajzqkdEkdifrSmjzpfygw,f/
á Oyrm conceptual point of view rS ar;wJhar;cGef;-
txufazmfjyyg Heat convection and Heat radiation wdkY\ definition ajz&if
The weighted rod in figure floats with 6cm of its length under water (density ausmif;oifcef;pm « 20 » odkY »»
 azazmf0g&D 17? 2019

»» ausmif;oifcef;pm « 19 » rS Oyrm (4) Amagnifying glass of focal length 6 cm is used to produce an image which
(1) Heat convection twGuf Chapter xJu &Si;f vif;csufEiS hf Summary (2) rsKd;vH;k rSm t"dymÜ ,f is two times the size of an object. How far must the magnifying glass be placed from
jynfhpHkwJhtwGuf (2)rsKd;vHk; bmudkajzajz&aomfvnf; the object? Find the position of its image and draw a ray diagram to show the formation
(2) Heat radiation twGuf Chapter xJu &Si;f vif;csufukd trsm;pkausmif;om;rsm;u ajzqd&k mrSm of the image.
conceptual point usefaeygw,f/(“No material medium is required for the passage «ar;cGe;f rSm magnifying glass vdaYk wGw U meJY qHw k mwdw
k rhJ eS b D ;l cH;k (convex lens)jzpfNyD; 0w¬K (object)
f v
of such waves.” vdkYqufajz&if jynfhpHkaomfvnf;qufrajzMuyg/) onf qHw k m(focal length)twGi;f &SNd yD;? yH&k yd (image)
(f image)[myH&k yd af ,mif(virtual)
(virtual) ? e*dt
k &G,x
f ufBuD;w,f?
'ghaMumifh Summary rS &Si;f vif;csufonf that does not require a material medium ygvdkY twnfhay:w,fqdkwm BudKNyD;odoifhygw,f/»
t"dyÜm,fjynfhpHkwJhtwGuf Summary rS definition ajz&ifjynfhpHkygr,f/
'ghaMumifh definition rsm;udak jzqd&k if Summary rS ajzrStrSw&f r,f/ Chapter xJu &Si;f vif;csufukd
ajz&if trSwfray;bl;qdkwmrsKd; yHkaopGJrSwfrxm;oifhygbl;/
t"duajzqd&k rnfh taMumif;t&mESiyhf wfoufaom t"dymÜ ,frsm;jynfph pkH mG yg&Sad om t"dymÜ ,fziG q
hf ckd suf
definition
de inition rsm;udkom ajzoifhygw,f/
tajzvTmppfaq;aom q&m q&mrrsm;ESifh ½lyaA'bmom&yfoifMum;aeaom q&m q&mrrsm;rS ar;cGef;rSm How far must the magnifying glass be placed from the object?
rdrdwdkYwynfhrsm;udk rSefrSefuefuefvrf;òefrIay;&ef vdktyfygw,f/ vdkYar;xm;awmh-
yHkqGJwmawGeJYywfoufNyD; ajzqdkwJhtcg- The magnifying glass must be placed 3 cm from the object. vdaUk jz&rSmjzpfygw,f/
Oyrm (1)/ / Draw the illustrations of the first three harmonics for a closed organ pipe
of length L. ar;cGef;rSm Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image vdkUar;xm;
wmjzpfvYkd 0w¬KtuGmta0;? yH&k yd t
f uGmta0;awGwu
G jf yD; tajzodrS tuGmta0; wefz;kd rsm;udk
yHkrSmxnfhay;zdkY vdkygw,f/
𝐼′

𝑂′

𝐼
2F F 𝑂 P F 2F
u=3cm
v=6cm

f=6cm

qifw, l ;kd rSm;jzpfwwfwhJ tcsKdaU om Formula awGtwGuf qdik &f m Definition rsm;udk uGjJ ym;pGm em;vnf
od&Sdxm;&ef vkdtyfygw,f/ Oyrm Electricity tydkif;rSm Electric Force, Electric Field Intensity,
Electric Potential wkdY&JU qufpyfrIeJY formula rsm;udkMunfh&if-
'Dar;cGe;f rSm First Three Harmonics vdYk ar;xm;wJt
h wGuf yxr[mrd;k epf(3)ckyu
kH kd txufyf gtwdik ;f
tòef;rsm;jynfhpHkatmifwyfNyD; qGJay;&efvdktyfygonf/
Oyrm (2) Draw a clear diagram to illustrate what is meant by deviation.qdkwJhar;cGef;rSm-
Deviation by a prism
D = angel of deviation vdkY &Sif;vif;azmfjyay;&ygr,f/
NN'=MM' = normal

'ghtjyif Electric Force eJY Electric Field Intensity u vector quantity jzpfvdkY ykämwGuf&if
tajzxkwf&if direction yg&ygr,f/
 Oyrm-An electron is accelerated to 108 ms-2 by an electric field. What is the
direction and magnitude of the electric field? (charge of an electron = 1.6 x
10-19C)

- yHkESdyfpmtkyfxJuyHkay:rSm Symbols rsm;udk ckvdkazmfjyxm;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; jy|mef;pmtkyf&JU

&Sif;vif;csufawGxJrSm Deviation eJYywfoufNyD; tao;pdwf&Sif;xm;NyD;jzpfvdkY pmajzolrsm;taeeJY
deviation t"dymÜ ,fukd yHek aYJ jzqd&k r,fq&kd if vdt k yfwhJ Symbols tm;vH;k yHrk mS azmfjyNyD; jynfph akH tmif
ajzqdkay;zdkYvdkygw,f/
Oyrm (3) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a virtual image which is smaller
than the object formed by a lens. qdkwJhar;cGef;rSm-
rSefbDvl;cGuaf Mumifh jzpfay:wJhtvif;wef;yHkudk qGJ&rSmjzpfygw,f/
 0w¬Kt&G,fxufi,fwJh yHk&dyfa,mif(virtual image)jzpfvdkY rSefbDvl;cGu(f concave lens)
ukd oHk;&rSmjzpfw,f/
 0w¬Kudk rSeb f v
D ;l cGuaf &SrU mS xm;&if 0w¬Kt&G,xf ufi,fwyhJ &kH yd af ,mif[m 0w¬KeJU wpfzufwnf;
qHkcsuf(F)eJY rSefbDvl;cGufMum;rSm twnfhay:apwmudk odomatmif qGJay;&ygr,f/ F, 2F,
P, OO', II' ponfwdkUudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;xnfhay;&ygr,f/
 tvif;wef;? 0w¬KeJYyHk&dyfawGrSm jrm;acgif;awGwyfzdkYvnf; rarhygeJY/
 yHk&dyfppfqGJ&ifrsOf;tjynfh? yHk&dyfa,mifqGJ&ifrsOf;tjywfawGeJYqGJzdkY tvGefta&;BuD;ygw,f/
 atmufazmfjyygtwdkif; wdus&Sif;vif;pGm a&;qGJ&efvdkygw,f/
udk tajzxkwf&if yg&ygr,f/
á Electric Potential V uawmh scalar jzpfvdkY tajzxkwf&if direction rygbl;/ 'gayr,fh
ykämwGuf&if charge Q wefzdk;awGrSm vQyfppfzdkqdk&if(+)? vQyfppfrqkd&if(-) xnfhwGuf&r,f
qdkwmudk owdcsyf&ygr,f/
 Oyrm- Two point charges of + 4.0 x 10-8 C and -3.0 x 10-8 C are 1 m apart.
Find the electric potential at P midway between the two charges.
ay;csuft& Q1=+4.0×10-8 C, Q2= -3.0 ×10-8 C
Charge ESpfckMum;tuGmta0;u 1m jzpfNyD; tv,ftrSw(f P)twGuf r1 = r2 = 0.5 m
t&ifqHk; charge wpfckcsif;pDaMumifhjzpfwJh Electric potential udk &SmwJhtcg-
Q1 u Positive charge jzpfwt hJ wGuf Q1 aMumifjh zpfwhJ Electric potential V1 u positive
potential jzpfygr,f/ medium udk vacuum vdkY,lqNyD;-

Q2 u Negative charge jzpfwJhtwGuf tEkwfvu©PmxnfhwGuf&ygr,f/ Electric

potential V2 u negative potential jzpfygr,f/
ausmif;oifcef;pm « 21 » odkY »»
azazmf0g&D 17? 2019

»» ausmif;oifcef;pm « 20 » rS tajz - There is a magnetic field around every wire carrying an electric current.
Therefore, the deflection of the compass needle placed near a current-carrying
wire is due to magnetic force acting on it.
tcsKdUykämawGrSm ajzqdk&mwGif jynfhpHkpGmajzqdkEdkif&ef ykämoabmem;vnfzdkYvdkygw,f/
trSwf P rSm&SdwJh pkpkaygif; Electric potential V udk&Sm&if V1 eJY V2 udk ½dk;½dk;ocsFmenf;t& Oyrm - Three capacitors have capacitances of 3 μF, 10 μF, and 15 μF. How should
aygif;&ygr,f/ V = V1 + V2 = 720 + (-540) = + 180 V &rSm jzpfygw,f/ they be connected to obtain the equivalent capacitances of 2 μF and 9μF.
½lyaA'bmom&yfrSm Definition &JU concept awGudk odzdkYvdkygw,f/ Oyrm- When three capacitors are connected in series:
(1) Power eJYywfoufNyD;ajym&&if A machine of high power should be used if a lot of
work has to be done quickly. nDrQjcif;t& tcsdew
f t
kd wGi;f tvkyrf sm;rsm;NyD;&ef pGr;f tm;
jrifph uf (High Power Machine) oHk;oifhw,f/
(2) Heat current equation (or) rate of heat flow udk vdkY od&
ygr,f/ rate of heat flow (H) eJJY temperature gradient wdkY ajymif;vJqufpyfrIudkvnf;
od&ygr,f/ rate of heat flow(H) onf temperature difference (∆T) or (T2-T1) eJY wdu k ½f u
kd t
f csKd;
usNyD; length (l) eJY ajymif;jyeftcsKd;usajymif;vJaMumif; od&ygr,f/
(3) Capacitance eJYywfoufNyD;ajym&&if ocsmFnDrQjcif;t&
 Charge of a capacitor (Q) u potential difference (V) eJY wkduf½dkuftcsKd;usw,f
wGufcsufrIomru ckvkdykHqGJay;&ef vkdwwfygw,f/
qdkwJh concept udkod&r,f/
Capacitor &JU t&G,(f size)? yHo
k ²mef(shape)eJY conductors (2)ckMum;rSm&Sw d hJ insulator
U bm0ay:rlwnfNyD; Capacitor wpfc&k UJ capacitance u ajymif;vJEidk af Mumif; od&ygr,f/
&Jo
'Dvdk concept awGudkodxm;&if ÓPfprf;ar;cGef;yHkpHawGudk tcuftcJr&Sd ajzqkdEkdifrSmjzpfygw,f/
Capacitor ar;cGef;wpfckrSm If two capacitors having the capacitances of 4 μF and 12 μF rnfonfhenf;eJYwGufwGuf yHkaoenf;rSef? wGufenf;rSef? tajzrSefvQif trSwfjynfh&ygw,f/
are connected in series. If the potential difference of the combination is 200 V, find the Modern Physics rSm Electronics eJY Nuclear Physics qdkNyD; tydkif;ESpfydkif;yg&Sdygw,f/
charge of each capacitor. á Electronics tydik ;f rSm Diode, Triode, Semiconductor trsKd;tpm;awGtaMumif;udk
'DOyrmrSmyxrqHk; equivalent capacitance udkt&if&SmNyD; charge Q udk &SmwJhtcg- tao;pdwfyHkESihfwuG odxm;&ygr,f/
Q = CV
á junction diode,transistor awGudk p-type, n-type semiconductor awGeJU
= 3 _ 10-6 _ 200
jyKvkyfw,f/ Junction diode awGudk Rectifier rSmoHk;w,f/
= 600 _ 10-6C = 600 μ C
Since the capacitors are connected in series, the charge across each capacitor is same. á Rectifier ESpfrsKd;&SdNyD;awmh olwdkY&JUwnfaqmufyHkawG input & output waveforms
(or) awGudk vnf;avhvmxm;&ygr,f/
In series combination of capacitors, this magnitude of charge is received by the individual á Transistor trsKd;tpm;? Transistor structure, Transistor symbol, circuit
capacitors. diagram, Transistor application awGudk yHkESifhwuGavhvmxm;&ygr,f/
'Dtay:u underline wm;xm;wJhpmom;u ta&;BuD;qHk;a&;ay;oifhwJhtcsufyg/ rusefcJhygapeJY/ á Semiconductor diode eJY transistor wdkY&JU vacuum tube awGxuf tm;omcsuf
(4) Resistance (ckcHrI)udkvnf; enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJY odxm;oifhygw,f/ rsm;udk odxm;&ygr,f/
 t&G,ftpm;eJUywfoufvm&if á aemufwpfckuawmh IC, electronic logic gate rsm;&JU symbol, truth table
 Current, Ohm’s Law eJY ywfouf&if qkdwmudk odxm;&ygr,f/ awGudkodxm;&r,fhtjyif Logic Gates awG&JUaygif;pyfrIeJY vufawGUtoHk;jyKyHkrsm;udk
 Resistance &JU unit u SI system rSm  jzpfNyD; = VA-1 vdkYvnf;jrif&ygr,f/ symbol,truth table rsm;ESifhwuG aoaocsmcsmem;vnfxm;&ygr,f/
 Circuit equation; rSmvnf; ckcHrI (R) yg0ifaewmudk owdjyK&ygr,f/ á Nuclear Physics tydkif;rSmawmh-
Resistance(R)onf tylcsdefeJYvdkufNyD; ajymif;vJrI&Sdw,fqdkwmudkvnf;  cathode rays, alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, x-rays wk& Ud UJ *kPo
f wdå
Rt = t& odxm;&ygr,f/ (properties), xkwaf zmfyrkH sm;(production)ESihf toH;k jyKyHrk sm;(application)udk
 ckcr H I (R) &JyU akH oenf;awGukd cGjJ cm;NyD;odxm;rS ykämwGu&f if tvG,w f ulqufpyf awG;ac: o½kyfazmfyHkrsm;ESifhwuG odzdkYvdktyfygw,f/
Edkifygvdrfhr,f/  Oyrm- cathode rays qkdwm fast moving electrons, alpha rays qkdwm
á 'ghtjyif Resistors awGudk wef;qufeJYNydKifqufawGqufwJhtcgrSm Capacitors awG
helium nucleus, gamma rays eJY x-rays qkdwm electromagnetic wave
qufwmeJY ajymif;jyefqdkwmudkvnf; EIdif;,SOfNyD;avhvmoifhygw,f/
with short wavelengths jzpfw,fqdkwmawGudk odoifhygw,f/
vQyfppftcef;rSm current eJY voltage wkikd ;f wmrIawGtwGuf wkikd ;f wmwJu h &d ,
d mawG&UJ ywfvrf;qufo, G yf kH
Radioactivity, radioisotopes and half-life awGuv kd nf; em;vnfatmifavhvm
(circuit connection) toHk;jyKyHkrsm;udk avhvm&mrSm-
á Current wkikd ;f zdYk Ammeter udo k ;kH NyD; Voltage wdik ;f zdt
Yk wGuf voltmeter udk oH;k w,fqw kd m xm;&ygr,f/ nuclear reactor, nuclear reaction, nuclear energy awG&JU
odxm;&ygr,f/ toHk;0ifyHkrsm;eJY nuclear energy udk xkwfvkyfay;wJh nuclear reactor rsm;
á Ammeter eJY voltmeter ywfvrf;qufoG,fyHkrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfavhvmxm;&ygr,f/ xdef;odrf;yHkawG? nuclear waste rsm;udkvnf; avhvmxm;oifhygw,f/
á Galvanometer udktajccHNyD; Ammeter eJVoltmeter V
Y oltmeter udkwnfaqmufwJhtcg Ammeter 'ghaMumifh tm;vHk;udkNcHKNyD;ajym&&if-
rSm ckcHrIwefzdk;i,fwJh wire(shunt) udk galvanometer eJY NydKifqufqufoHk;NyD; voltmeter (1) ½lyaA'jy|mef;pmtkyfrSmyg0ifaom oDtdk&D? yHkaoenf;? todonmrsm;udkydkifEdkifpGm avhvm
rSm ckcHrIwefzdk;BuD;wJh wire udkwef;qufqufNyD; oHk;w,fqdkwmodxm;&ygr,f/ xm;&ef?
yHkaoenf;awGu- (2) ar;cGef;udk em;vnfatmif aocsmpGmzwf½INyD;rS ajzqdk&ef? eHygwfrsm; aocsmwyf&ef?
 Ammeter twGufqkd&if jzpfNyD; (3) wGufcsufrItqifhvkduf trSwfay;jcif;jzpfí wGufcsufrIrsm;rSm tqifhausmfoGm;&if trSwf
 Voltmeter twGufqkd&if jzpfygw,f/ avsmhoGm;Edkifygw,f/ ykämrSmajymif;xm;wm? vSnfhxm;wmrsm;udk *½kpdkufyg/
Oyrm ÓPfprf;ar;cGef; - Why is a compass needle placed near a current-carrying 2019 ckESpf? wuúodkvf0ifwef;pmar;yGJudk ajzqkdMurnfh ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;tm;vHk; usef;rm
wire deflected? &Tifvef;pGmESifh bmom&yftoD;oD;udk xl;xl;cRefcRefajzqdkatmifjrifEdkifMuygap/

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwm0efrSjyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;qdkif&mOya'Murf; ay;jcif;cH&onhf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH 22/ jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiEf iS fh pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGw UJ \
Ykd
pmrsufESm 18 rS Oya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnD pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;enf;vrf;jzihf þOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t& aqmif&u G cf suf odrYk [kwf qk;H jzwfcsuEf iS fh
18/ jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifonf oufqdkif&m rJqE´&Sif pkHprf;ppfaq;cH&NyD;ygu tvm;wlpGyfpGJcsufrsm;onf þOya'ESihf pyfvsOf;í rnfonhfw&m;½kH;wGifrQ w&m;pGJqdkjcif; rcHxdkufap&/
rsm;\ qE´rJ&,l&mü oufqdkif&m rJqE´e,fwGif atmufygtaMumif; oufqdkifjcif;r&Sdap&/ 23/ jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sio f nf þOya'yg jy|mef;csuf
wpf&yf&yfaMumihf a&TUqdkif;Edkifonf- 20/ jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sio f nf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;onhf ukefus
(u) obm0ab;tÅ&m,fwpfckckjzpfay: jcif;? wpfOD;tm; uwdopömjyKonhfaeYrSpí (1) ESpftwGif; yk'fr 3 (i)t& p&dwrf sm;udk rdr\d b@maiGrS uscHo;Hk pG&J ef ESppf Ofb@maiGt& tok;H
(c) vkHjcHKrIr&Sdjcif;? wdkifwef;csufudk ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif; rjyK&/ Oya'wGif xnhfoGif;a&;qGJ&rnf/
(*) vGwv f k ,lqjcif;/ 21/ jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sio
f yfí w&m;rQwaom qE´raJ y;jcif; rjzpfEikd [ f nf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 24/ jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sio f nf þOya'yg jy|mef;csuf
tcef; (5) udk wm0efrS jyefvnf½yk o f rd ;f &ef&nf&,G íf rrSerf uefwikd w
f ef;aMumif; rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G &f mwGif vdt k yfaom enf;Oya'
taxGaxG ppfaq;ay:aygufvQif OD;aqmifwikd w f ef;oltm; wnfqOJ ya'rsm;t& rsm;? pnf;rsOf;ESifh pnf;urf;rsm;? trdeaYf Mumfjimpm? trde?Yf òefMum;csuf
19/ tkycf sKyfa&;ESifh tjcm;tzGtUJ pnf;rsm;wGif a&G;cs,fceftY yf wm0ef ta&;,l E i
k d &
f ef aqmif & u
G &
f rnf / ESihf vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk xkwfjyefEdkifonf/
 azazmf0g&D 18? 2019

2019 ckeSpf? rwfv wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJtwGuf ZD0aA'bmom&yfqdkif&m odaumif;p&mrsm;

a'gufwmoDwmav;oG,?f ygarmu©(XmerSL;)? owåaA'Xme? &efuek w
f uúov
kd f
ZD0aA'bmom&yf\ ar;cGe;f yHpk o H pfonf ynma&;0efBuD;Xme\ BudK;yrf;taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u G f pkpak ygif; ay;rSwf trSwf (40) jzpfygonf/ a&G;cs,fciG t hf jzpfy'k cf iJG ,f (2) yk'(f e, f ) udk xm;&SNd yD; xkyd 'k cf iJG ,f
vsuf&o dS nfh oif,w l wfajrmufrI t&nftaoG;jrifrh m;a&;OD;wnfcsufEiS hf vku
d af vsmnDaxGpmG ausmif;om; toD;oD;twGuf (or) cHí ar;cGef;wpfyk'fpD xyfrHay;xm;ygrnf/
ausmif;olrsm; tvGwfusufrSwfajzqkdrIavsmhyg;apa&;? pOf;pm;awG;ac:ajrmfjrifrI (Critical thinking) ar;cGe;f yHpk o H pfwiG f ar;cGe;f trSwpf Of (Question No. 1 - 6)&S&d m ar;cGe;f wkid ;f udk ZD0aA'bmom&yf
t&nftaoG;&&Sd&efESifh xkdt&nftaoG;rsm; ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmap&ef ajymif;vJxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ (Biology) jy|mef;pmtkyyf gtcef; 1 rS 12 (Chapter 1 - 12)tpOfvu dk f yg0ifaprnfjzpfNyD; ZD0aA'bmom
ajymif;vJonf[q k &dk mwGif ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; tcuftcJr&Sad p&ef *½kjyKvsuf ,cifar;cGe;f &yfwGif tusKH;0ifonfh ½ku©aA'ESifh owåaA'bmom&yftoD;oD;udk rQwpGmzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufay;rnf
yHpk u
H t
kd ajccHí ykrd adk umif;rGeNf yD; ausmif;om; ausmif;ol t&nftaoG;tvTmpHt k wGuf BudK;pm;ajzqkEd ikd &f ef jzpfygonf/ ½kua© A'ESihf owåaA'bmom&yfwpfcck sif;tvdu k f oufqikd &f mar;cGe;f (odrYk [kw)f ½kua© A'ESihf
tcGifh&Sdaom ar;cGef;yHkpHopfudk jznfhpGufjyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;jzpfygonf/ owåaA'ESpfrsKd;pvHk;ESifh oufqdkifaom ZD0aA'oabmw&m;qdkif&m ar;cGef;vnf; yg0ifEdkifygonf/
Z,m; (1) ar;cGef;yHkpHopf\ ar;cGef;trsKd;tpm;? ar;cGef;trSwfpOfrsm;ESifha&G;cs,fcGifh? ar;cGef;trsKd;tpm; jy|mef;pmtkyfygoifcef;pmrsm;\ tESpfcsKyf (SUMMARY) rS ar;cGef;xkwfrnfr[kwfyg/
ay;rSwfrsm;? ar;cGef;rsm;onf ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;twGuf oif,lwwfajrmufrI t&nftaoG;jrifhrm;í
pOf;pm;awG;ac:ajrmfjrifEikd rf I t&nftaoG;aumif;rGew f ;kd wufvmapa&;udk OD;wnfonfeh nf;wl t&nftaoG;
ar;cGef;yHkpH ESifh ay;rSwf trsKd;rsKd;aom ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;twGuf rdrt d &nftcsif;tvku d f ajzqk&d ef avsmfnaD omar;cGe;f
Q Question Type Mark trsKd;rsKd; yg0ifrnfjzpfygonf/ ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;onf ar;cGef;ESihfudkufnDaom ajzqkdrIyHkpHjzifh
No.
pepfwus BudK;pm;ajzqkdMu&ef av;av;eufeufrSmMum;vdkygonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm rdrdujy|mef;pmtkyfrS
1 State TRUE or FALSE to the following statements. 10 marks
pmyd'k u f kd tvGwu f sufrw S xf m;NyD; usufxm;onft h wkid ;f pmyd'k u f akd &;csajzqkjd cif;r[kwb f J ar;cGe;f toGm;
Do not copy the statements.
(1 mark X 10 statements) tvmwGifrlwnfí qDavsmfonfhajzqkdrI (Oyrm - tvGwfusufrSwfxm;onfh pmydk'fwGifyg0ifonfh
2 Choose the correct answer for the following statements. 10 marks taMumif;t&mtvku d f ar;cGe;f ESiu fh u kd nf aD om oD;jcm;acgif;pOfi,fjzifh xkwEf w k af jzqkjd yEdik jf cif;)udk jyKvkyf
Do not copy the statements. ajzqkdEdkif&rnfjzpfygonf/ okdYrSom rdrdwkdY\oif,lwwfajrmufrI? ar;cGef;udkoabmaygufem;vnfrIESifh
(1 mark X 10 statements) pOf;pm;awG;ac:ajrmfjrifEkdifrI t&nftaoG;rsm;udk ay:vGifaprnfjzpfygonf/
3 Complete the following statements with appropriate words. 10 marks t"duowdjyK&rnfhtcsufrsm;
Do not copy the statements. ar;cGef;yHkpHESifhpyfvsOf;í t"duowdjyK&rnfhtcsufrsm;udk xkwfEkwfazmfjy&vQif-
(1 mark X 10 statements) (1) ar;cGef;trSwfpOf (2)wGif tajzrSef(correct answer) a&G;cs,fjcif;? (Multiple choice)
4 Answer ALL questions.(2 marks X 5 questions) 10 marks ar;cGef;yHkpHopfwkd;vmjcif;?
Given a., b., c., d. or, e. or
(2) ar;cGe;f trSwpf Of (5) (,ciftrSwpf Of 4) wGif ,cifay;rSww f pfy'k v f Qif (4) rSwrf S ,ckar;cGe;f
5 Answer ANY FOUR questions.(5 marks X 4 questions) 20 marks
Given a., b., c., d. or,e. or
yHkpHopfwGif ay;rSwfwpfyk'fvQif (5) rSwfokdY ajymif;vJxm;jcif;?
(3) ar;cGe;f trSwpf Of (6) (,ciftrSwpf Of 5) wGif ,cifay;rSww f pfy'k v f Qif (8) rSwrf S ,ckar;cGe;f
6 Answer ANY FOUR questions. 40 marks
(10 marks X 4 questions) yHkpHopfwGif ay;rSwfwpfyk'fvQif (10) rSwfokdY ajymif;vJxm;jcif;wkdYjzpfygonf/ odkYjzpfygí
Given a., b., c., d., e. or,f. or ar;cGe;f trSwpf Of (5) ESihf (6) twGuf ay;rSwEf iS ahf vsmfnaD om ajzqkrd jI yKEkid &f efvt dk yfygonf/
Total 100 marks ar;cGe;f yHpk o
H nf tvGwu f sufrw S jf cif;udk vktd yfonfxufyídk rusifo h ;kH &ef? ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;
\ pOf;pm;awG;ac:ajrmfjrifEkdifrIt&nftaoG;udk avhusifhay;&efESifh azmfxkwfay;&ef &nf&G,fygonf/
ar;cGef;yHkpH wuúov kd 0f ifwef; ZD0aA'bmom&yf (Biology) ausmif;oH;k zwfpmtkyo f ifcef;pm 12 ck&w dS t
hJ euf
ar;cGef;wGifar;cGef;trSwfpOf (Question No. 1 - 6) pkpkaygif; (6) ckyg0ifygonf/ oifcef;pm (6) rS (11) u a&Su U oifcef;pm (1)rS(5)txd avhvmoif,cl &hJ wJh tajccHord w S zf ,G &f mawGukd
 Question No.1 wGif trSm;? trSef (TRUE or FALSE)ajzqkd&aom yk'fcGJi,f (10) ck (i to x) ykdNyD; euf½Idif;pGm od&Sdem;vnfzkdY taxmuftyHhjyKNyD; ouf&Sdvkyfief;rsm;\ ZD0jzpfpOfoabmw&m;rsm;udk
udk wpfckvQif(1) rSwfEIef;jzifh ay;rSwfpkpkaygif; (10)rSwfjzpfygonf/ tajzrSef TRUE or FALSE udk ydrk kd us,fjyefeY ufepJ mG azmfjyay;xm;wmaMumifh em;vnfzaYdk &m? usufrw S af vhvmzkaYd &m tenf;i,f cufcyJ g
yk'fcGJi,f eHygwf(i to x)ESifhtwl azmfjyajzqkd&rnfjzpfygonf/ vdrrhf ,f/ taMumif;tusKd;csdwq f ufem;vnfojd rifEidk af tmif OD;pGmBudK;pm;NyD;rS usufrw S &f rnfh taMumif;
 Question No.2 wGif tajzrSe(f correct answer)udk a&G;cs,f&onfh (Multiple choice)twGuf t&mrsm;udk usufrw S zf jYdk zpfygonf/ aemufq;kH tcef;(12)uawmh ouf&?dS tyif? owå0gawGeYJ oufryhJ wf0ef;
yk'fcGJi,f (10) ck (i to x) udk wpfckvQif (1) rSwfEIef;jzifh ay;rSwfpkpkaygif; (10) rSwfjzpfygonf/ yk'fcGJi,f usifwt Ydk Mum; qufpyf,u S Ef ,T rf ?I tjyeftvSet f rSo
D [JjyKrIEiS hf ywf0ef;usifukd xde;f odr;f zkt Yd wGuf vkt d yfwhJ
wpfckvQif a&G;cs,f&eftaMumif;t&monf (pum;vHk; (okdY) yHk (okdY) udef;*Pef;ponfh) (4) rsKd;udk (A, aqmif&efa&Smif&eftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk us,fus,fjyefYjyefYod&Sdatmif tpysKd;ay;xm;onfh vufawGU
B, C, D) [lí ay;xm;rnfjzpfNyD; tajzrSef A odkY B odkY C odkY D udkom yk'fcGJi,feHygwf (i to x)ESifhtwl toHk;us oifcef;pmwpfckjzpfygonf/
azmfjyajzqkd&rnfjzpfygonf/ tajzrSefpum;vHk;udk jyefvnful;,lay;&efrvkdyg/ ZD0aA'bmom&yfudk od&edS m;vnfEidk zf yYdk rkH sm;? word diagram rsm;uvnf; t"dutaxmuftuljyK
 Question No.3 wGif uGufvyfjznfhjcif; wpfenf;tm;jzifh ay;xm;aom statement udk t"dyÜm,f wmrkdY ZD0aA'bmom&yfukd avhvmwJhtcgrSm yHkrsm;? word diagram rsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJavhvmjcif;u
NyD;jynfhpHkatmif uGufvyfrSmrSefuefwJhtajzudk jznfhpGufa&;om;ajzqdk&rnfh (Completion)twGuf avhvmusufrw S &f mrSm ykrd rdk w S rf x d ad &mufapygonf/ t"duusonft h aMumif;t&mudk OD;pm;ay;em;vnf
yk'cf iJG ,f (10) ck (i to x)udk wpfcv k Qif (1) rSwEf eI ;f jzifh ay;rSwpf pk ak ygif; (10) rSwjf zpfygonf/ tajzrSeu f kd usufrSwfEkdif&ef Z,m; (table) rsm;? (equation)rsm;uvnf; taxmuftuljyKygonf/ rdrdukd,fwkdif
rdrud a&;om;azmfjyajzqd&k rSmjzpfwt hJ wGuf pmvH;k aygif;udk aocsmpGm od&&dS efvt kd yfygvdrrhf nf/ qifw, l ;dk rSm; oifcef;pmwpfckudk zwfrSwfavhvmonfhtcgwGif vkdtyfovdkyHkMurf;rsm;? word diagram rsm;? table
pmvH;k aygif;rsm;udk t"dymÜ ,fEiS w hf uG rSwo f m;avhvmxm;jcif;jzifh tajzrSeu f kd a&;om;ajzqdEk ikd rf mS jzpfyg rsm;? equation rsm;udk rdrdpdwful;&Sdovdk a&;jcpfyHkazmfrSwfom;jcif;uvnf; rdrd\awG;ac:pOf;pm;rIudk
onf/ jr§ifhwifay;&m a&mufygonf/
 Question No.4 wGif ''Answer ALL questions." [lí yk'c f iJG ,f (5) cktwGuf yk'cf iJG ,fwpfcv k Qif pOf;pm;awG;ac:ajrmfjrifEkdifrIt&nftaoG;&Sdjcif;jzifh udpörsm;udk rSefrSefuefuefNcHKiHkoHk;oyfEdkifjcif;?
(2) rSwjf zifh pkpak ygif; (5) yk't
f wGuf ay;rSwpf pk ak ygif; (10) rSwjf zpfygonf/ a&G;cs,fciG t hf jzpf yk'cf iJG ,f(d) oifah vsmfreS u f efaumif;rGeaf om qH;k jzwfcsufuckd sEkid jf cif;? xk;d xGi;f odjrifwx D iG Bf uHqEdik jf cif;? pdwu f ;l opfrsm;
ESifh (e) toD;oD;udk (or) cHí ar;cGef;wpfyk'fpD xyfrHay;xm;ygrnf/ &&SEd idk jf cif; ponfh t&nftcsif;aumif;rsm;ay:aygufatmif EI;d qGay;Ekid w f t hJ wGuf ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;
 Question No.5 wGif "Answer ANY FOUR questions." [lí (a, b, c, d, e) [k yk'fcGJi,f (5) \b0twGuf tusKd;&Syd gonf/ rdrw d \ Ykd b0wpfavQmuf rnfonfyh nm&yfukd avhvmonfjzpfap? rnfonfh
yk'fudk wpfyk'fvQif (5) rSwfEIef;jzifh ESpfouf&m (4) yk'fudk pkpkaygif;ay;rSwf trSwf (20) twGuf a&G;cs,f tvkyt f ukid u f kd vkyu f idk o f nfjzpfap? rnfonfu h pd rö sm;udk pDrcH efcY oJG nfjzpfap pOf;pm;awG;ac:ajrmfjrifEidk rf I
ajzqk&d efar;xm;ygrnf/ a&G;cs,fciG t hf aejzifh ar;cGe;f yk'cf JG (e)udk xnfah y;xm;rSmjzpfNyD; yk'cf iJG ,f(d) ESi(hf e) jrifhrm;onfESifhtrQ aumif;rGefaomtvkyfNyD;ajrmufrIESifh atmifjrifrIrsm;&&Sdygvdrfhrnf/
toD;oD;udk (or) cHí ar;cGef;wpfyk'fpD xyfrHar;xm;ygrnf/ okdYygí ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; (2019) ckESpf? rwfvwGifusif;yrnfh wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJ
 Question No.6 wGif "Answer ANY FOUR questions." [lí (a, b, c, d, e, f ) [k yk'fcGJi,f twGuf pepfwus BudK;BudK;pm;pm; avhvmrSwfom;avhusifhMujcif;jzifh aumif;rGefpGm ajzqdkEdkifMuygap
(6) yk'af y;xm;rnfjzpfNyD; rdrEd pS o f uf&m (4) yk'u f kd a&G;cs,fajzqkrd t I wGuf wpfy'k v f Qif (10) rSwEf eI ;f jzifh aMumif; qkrGefaumif;awmif;vdkufygonf/

aus;&GmzGHU NzdK;a&; oeyfyif azazmf0g&D 17

pdu
k yf sKd;a&;? arG;jrLa&;ESihf qnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme aus;vuf
awmbkwfpk? rdk;cdkifav;? a&TavSpk? 0Jjyef? atmufwuJ
aus;&Gmrsm;wGif pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufaerIrSm
trSefwu,fvkdtyfaom zGHU NzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd jynfol
vlxkudk,fwdkif taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufcGifh&&SdNyD;
pDru
H ed ;f vkyif ef;rsm; a'ozGHU NzdK;wdk;wufa&;OD;pD;Xmeu taumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdaom aus;&GmzGHU NzdK;a&; pDrHudef;vkyfief;
50 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf aqmif&GufNyD;pD;NyDjzpfaMumif; od&
onf/
Edik if aH wmf\ &efyakH iGusyf ode;f 100 ESihf jynfow
aiGwdkYjzifhyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom pDrHudef;vkyfief;jzpf
l \Ykd xnh0f if

aqmif&Guf tm; yJc;l wdik ;f a'oBuD; oeyfyifNrdKeU ,f&dS aus;&Gm 14 &GmwGif tqdkyg pDrHudef;onf aus;&Gmol aus;&Gmom;rsm; aMumif; od&onf/
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd&m uvdkif? ukvm;acsmif;av;? udk,fwdkifjyKpka&;qGJxm;aom pDrHudef;jzpfí aus;&Gm\ vSrdk;(jyef^quf)