IND 3205 DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING LABORATORY

REPORT
SOURSOP SEED SEPARATOR
PREPARED BY:

LOKMAN HAKIM BIN AZIZ

186749

LECTURERS:

DR. RUHAIZIN BIN SULAIMAN

DR. HASSAN BIN HJ. ALI

ABSTRACT
As being perceived in the complimentary syllabus based on my course, IND 3205
Design and Manufacturing Laboratary, the task given is we have to design an agriculture
product to compete with Industri Kecil dan Sederhana (IKS). This course covers design
preparation in producing a prototype that fulfills the consumer, marketing and manufacturing
needs. The design must expose the structural construction and physical form of design.
Furthermore, the design will emphasize on solving the manufacturing and production
problems by utilizing current technologies or mechanism. From this course I’ve learn by study
and analyzing technologies and mechanism and order to solve some designs problems. We
also got new experience how nature can be a great source not only to create shape, forms,
structure, mechanisms, but also to establish better concept of design. To further facilitate,
and speed up the processing I made a study to develop new product to solve this problem.
CONTENT
1.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2.0 INTRODUCTION
3.0 DESIGN
3.1 DEFINITION OF DESIGN
3.2 DEFINITION OF PRODUCT DESIGN
4.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT
5.0 OBJECTIVE
6.0 LOCATION
6.1 TARGET LOCATION
7.0 RESEARCH BACKGROUND
7.1 DEFINITION OF SOURSOP
7.2 DESCRIPTION OF SOURSOP
7.3 BENEFITS OF SOURSOP
7.4 VARIETIES OF SOURSOP
8.0 PROJECT DETAIL
8.1 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT
8.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
8.3 DESIGN STATEMENT
8.4 PROBLEM SOLVING
8.5 DESIGN CRITERIA
8.6 TARGET USER
9.0 CONCLUSION
10.0 REFERENCES
1.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum, first of all, I would like to thank to Allah SWT for giving me good
health and all strengthness to complete this project. Not to forget, I would like to express
my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to complete this
report. A special gratitude I give to my project lecturer , Dr. Ruhaizin Bin Sulaiman, and Dr.
Hassan Bin Hj Alli , whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and encouragement,
helped me to coordinate my project until this project complete. Without them, I know I
can’t settle this project completely. From this project I have learn about how to solving the
manufacturing and production problems by utilizing current technologies or mechanism.
Besides that, I share many ideas with my friends and do many research about agriculture
product. Last but not least, I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the
crucial role of the staff in workshop, who gave the permission to use all required equipment
and the necessary materials to complete the project named “Lawn Grass Cutter”. Besides
that, from this project I get the opportunity of a lifetime to learn more and develop about
agriculture product ‘Durian Belanda Seed Separator’. This product give me chance to
enhance our knowledge on designing and developing. For the last, I really hope this project
give me a lot of benefits which I can share it with my friends. This is my precious experience
as a team and I feel so grateful to be part of this project. Hopefully my product will give
many benefits for the users. Every mistakes I hope it can be forgiven and I think , from this
experience, I will improve in other project soon. Thank you.
2.0 INTRODUCTION
The word agriculture comes from the Latin words ‘ager’ means the soil and from word
‘cultura’, means cultivation. ‘Agriculture’ can be defined as the cultivation and/or
production of crop plants or livestock products. Agriculture includes Crop Production,
Animal Husbandry & Dairy Science, Agriculture Chemistry & Soil Science, Horticulture,
Agril Economics, Agril Engineering, Botany, Plant Pathology, Extension Education and
Entomology, which develops its separate. Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of
animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products
used to sustain and enhance human life.

2.1 AGRICULTURE IN MALAYSIA

A machine, tool or other devices for cutting something, especially one intended for
cutting a particular thing or for producing a particular shape: Sixteen percent of the
population of Malaysia is employed through some sort of agriculture. Large-scale
plantations were established by the British. These plantations opened opportunity for
new crops such as rubber (1876), palm oil (1917), and cocoa (1950). A number of crops
are grown for domestic purpose such as bananas, coconuts, durian, pineapples, rice and
rambutan.
3.0 DESIGN
3.1 DEFINITION OF DESIGN

Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object, system or
measurable human interaction (as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawings,
business processes, circuit diagrams, and sewing patterns). Design has different fields
(see design disciplines below). In some cases, the direct construction of an object ( as in
pottery, engineering, management, coding, and graphic design) is also considered to use
design thinking. Designing often necessitates considering the aesthetic, functional,
economic, and sociopolitical dimensions of both the design object and design process. It
may involve considerable research, thought, modelling, interactive adjustment, and re-
design. Meanwhile, diverse kinds of objects may be designed, including clothing,
graphical user interfaces, products, skyscrapers, corporate identities, business processes,
and even methods or processes of designing.
3.2 DEFINITION OF PRODUCT DESIGN

Product design as a verb is to create a new product to be sold by a business to its

customers. A very broad concept, it is essentially the efficient and effective generation
and development of ideas through a process that leads to new products. Thus, it is a
major aspect of new product development. Due to the absence of a consensually
accepted definition that reflects the breadth of the topic sufficiently, two discrete, yet
interdependent, definitions are needed: one that explicitly defines product design in
reference to the artifact, the other that defines the product design process in relation to
this artifact. Product design as a noun: the set of properties of an artifact, consisting of
the discrete properties of the form (i.e., the aesthetics of the tangible good and/or
service) and the function (i.e., its capabilities) together with the holistic properties of the
integrated form and function.
Product design process: the set of strategic and tactical activities, from idea generation
to commercialization, used to create a product design. In a systematic approach, product
designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas, turning them into tangible inventions and
products. The product designer's role is to combine art, science, and technology to create
new products that people can use. Their evolving role has been facilitated by digital tools
that now allow designers to communicate, visualize, analyse and actually produce
tangible ideas in a way that would have taken greater manpower in the past. Product
design is sometimes confused with (and certainly overlaps with) industrial design, and
has recently become a broad term inclusive of service, software, and physical product
design. Industrial design is concerned with bringing artistic form and usability, usually
associated with craft design and ergonomics, together in order to mass-produce
goods.Other aspects of product design include engineering design, particularly when
matters of functionality or utility (e.g. problem-solving) are at issue, though such
boundaries are not always clear.
 4.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The existing product process to separate the soursop seed is not the easy process. It must
use your energy to separate it but with the many type of lawn mower now, it have many
choice to user to choose. With the world trending now is the vacuum lawn mower robot.
But, it is very expensive and not many can afford to buy it. This reseach are see with the
relevance product to be used for separate the seed.

5.0 OBJECTIVE
1. To produce a new product of agricultural machinery.
2. To solve the problem in separating seed ofthe specific place.
3. To create a flexible product to suitable to the environment.
6.0 TARGET LOCATION

SMALL INDUSTRY

“Small industry” means manufacturing carried on in relatively small establishments. Several

quite different forms of organization come within this definition, and few generalizations are
valid for all. In traditional economies that have not experienced the industrial revolution,
small industry (indeed, all manufacturing) is predominantly of the nonfactory type. In modern
industrialized economies, the predominant form of small industry is the small factory. In
transitional economies—that is, economies in the process of development from traditional to
modern—all forms of small industry usually exist, some on the way down, some, particularly
the small but modern factory, on the way up.
 7.0 RESEARCH BACKGROUND
7.1 DEFINITION OF SOURSOP

Soursop also graviola, guyabano, and in Latin America, guanábana is the fruit of Annona
muricata, a broadleaf, flowering, evergreen tree. The exact origin is unknown; it is native to
the tropical regions of the Americas and the Caribbean and is widely propagated. It is in the
same genus, Annona, as cherimoya and is in the Annonaceae family. The soursop is adapted
to areas of high humidity and relatively warm winters; temperatures below 5 °C (41 °F) will
cause damage to leaves and small branches, and temperatures below 3 °C (37 °F) can be fatal.
The fruit becomes dry and is no longer good for concentrate. With aroma similar to pineapple,
the flavor of the fruit has been described as a combination of strawberries and apple, and
sour citrus flavor notes, contrasting with an underlying creamy texture reminiscent of coconut
or banana. Soursop is widely promoted (sometimes as "graviola") as an alternative cancer
treatment, but there is no medical evidence it is effective for treating cancer or any disease.

7.2 DESCRIPTION OF SOURSOP

Annona muricata is a small, upright, evergreen tree that can grow to about 30 feet (9.1 m) tall.
Its young branches are hairy. Leaves are oblong to oval, 8 centimetres (3.1 in) to 16 centimetres
(6.3 in) long and 3 centimetres (1.2 in) to 7 centimetres (2.8 in) wide. They are a glossy dark
green with no hairs above, and paler and minutely hairy to no hairs below. The leaf stalks are
4 millimetres (0.16 in) to 13 millimetres (0.51 in) long and without hairs. Flower stalks
(peduncles) are 2 millimetres (0.079 in) to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long and woody. They appear
opposite from the leaves or as an extra from near the leaf stalk, each with one or two flowers,
occasionally a third. Stalks for the individual flowers (pedicels) are stout and woody, minutely
hairy to hairless and 15 millimetres (0.59 in) to 20 millimetres (0.79 in) with small bractlets
nearer to the base which are densely hairy. The petals are thick and yellowish. Outer petals
meet at the edges without overlapping and are broadly ovate, 2.8 centimetres (1.1 in) to 3.3
centimetres (1.3 in) by 2.1 centimetres (0.83 in) to 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in), tapering to a point
with a heart shaped base. They are evenly thick, and are covered with long, slender, soft hairs
externally and matted finely with soft hairs within. Inner petals are oval shaped and overlap.
They measure roughly 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) to 2.8 centimetres (1.1 in) by 2 centimetres
(0.79 in), and are sharply angled and tapering at the base. Margins are comparatively thin, with
fine matted soft hairs on both sides. The receptacle is conical and hairy. The stamens are 4.5
millimetres (0.18 in) long and narrowly wedge-shaped. The connective-tip terminate abruptly
and anther hollows are unequal. Sepals are quite thick and do not overlap. Carpels are linear
and basally growing from one base. The ovaries are covered with dense reddish brown hairs,
1-ovuled, style short and stigma truncate. Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads. The fruits are
dark green and prickly. They are ovoid and can be up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long,with a
moderately firm texture. Their flesh is juicy, acid, whitish and aromatic. The average weight
of 1000 fresh seeds is 470 grams (17 oz) and they have an average oil content of 24%. When
dried for 3 days at 60 °C (140 °F), the average seed weight was 322 grams (11.4 oz). They are
tolerant of the moisture extraction, showing no problems for long-term storage under
reasonable conditions.

7.3 BENEFITS OF SOURSOP

i. Control parasite.
ii. Anti-inflammatory properties.
iii. Relieves respiratory distress.
iv. Trears insomnia.
 7.4 VARIETIES OF SOURSOP

In Puerto Rico, the wide range of forms and types of seedling soursops are roughly
divided into 3 general classifications: sweet, subacid, and acid; then subdivided as round,
heart-shaped, oblong or angular; and finally classed according to flesh consistency which
varies from soft and juicy to firm and comparatively dry. The University of Puerto Rico's
Agricultural Experiment Station at one time cataloged 14 different types of soursops in an
area between Aibonito and Coamo. In El Salvador, 2 types of soursops are distinguished:
guanaba azucaron (sweet) eaten raw and used for drinks; and guanaba acida (very sour),
used only for drinks. In the Dominican Republic, the guanabana dulce (sweet soursop) is
most sought after. The term "sweet" is used in a relative sense to indicate low acidity. A
medium-sized, yellow-green soursop called guanabana sin fibre (fiberless) has been
vegetatively propagated at the Agricultural Experiment Station at Santiago de las Vegas,
Cuba. The foliage of this superior clone is distinctly bluish-green. In 1920, Dr. Wilson
Popenoe sent to the United States Department of Agriculture, from Costa Rica, budwood of a
soursop he named 'Bennett' in honor of G.S. Bennett, Agricultural Superintendent of the
Costa Rican Division of the United Fruit Company. He described the fruit as large and
handsome and he declared the tree to be the most productive he had seen.
8.0 PROJECT DETAIL
8.1 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT

To create a new design product to improve on some parts of existing product. For that, a lot
of research on the existing product to be done. From the update concept or the trend and
problem statements can come out with the new design which it can fulfil the users need.
Thus, it will deliver that the users need and demand are the most important things while we
do the design. It was not just the design followed by our instincts which the all problems and
concept are come from ourselves only. To meet that requirement need to see from the
wider view and it will give the solution that the majority face with the product.

8.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

The existing product process to separate the soursop seed is not the easy process. It must
use your energy to separate it but with the many type of lawn mower now, it have many
choice to user to choose. With the world trending now is the vacuum lawn mower robot.
But, it is very expensive and not many can afford to buy it. This reseach are see with the
relevance product to be used for separate the seed.

8.3 DESIGN STATEMENT

i. Existing product need to separate the soursop seed manually.

8.4 PROBLEM SOLVING

i. Create a new design to make the user more easy to separate the soursop seed.
ii. Redesign a machine that available on industry which is make it easier to handle.

8.5 DESIGN CRITERIA

i. Easytouse
ii. Efficient

8.6 TARGET USER

i. User for small industry area.

9.0 CONCLUSION
From this research, I get chance to study about technologies and mechanism for
agriculture tools, solving the manufacturing and production problems by utilizing current
technologies or mechanism. The projecting theme is an agriculture product design based on
structural construction and physical form of design. This research is a very interesting
because before this, I never get a chance to study about agriculture product. Agriculture
product is the most important thing especially for elderly farmer and many more people.
This is because it is essential to increase productivity and the quality of a product to
consumers.
A good product will accelerate a working time and reduce the risk of injury to the
user. Therefore, any works need something right equipment to make sure that any work can
be done in an instant, secure and satisfactory results. I have been able to identify the
problems on the existing product like the problem to separate the seed of the sour sop. This
is because the existing product take a longer time to separate it by manually. I have done to
do thumbnails sketches, ideation and idea development and I also done to do a mock up
design for this subject. In conclusion, I am grateful to be able to complete this project
completely and gain many new insights and a lot of useful experiences. Last but not least, I
want to say thank you to all my lecturers and my friends because helping me to do this
research. Thank you.
10.0 REFERENCES

i. Adhikari et al., (2004), Effect of addition of maltodextrin on drying kinetics and

stickiness of sugar and acid-rich foods during convective drying experiments and
modelling, Journal of Food Engineering, 62 (2004), pp. 53-68.

ii. Coombe (1976) The development of fleshy fruits, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 27
(1976), pp. 507-528

iii. Kosiyachinda and Young, (1975), Ethylene production in relation to the initiation of
respiratory climacteric in fruit Plant Cell Physiol., 16 (1975), pp. 595-602.

iv. Lam and Zaipun (1986) Respiration rates, ethylene productions and chemical compositions
of different maturity of soursop (Annona muricata L.) at various temperatures MARDI Res.
Bull., 14 (1986), pp. 231-235.