Communication

Systems

Fourier Analysis

By
Engr. Jawwad Ahmad (Ph.D)

1
 Today’s Goal
 Fourier Analysis

 Integration

 Coefficients of Fourier Series

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 2

 Fourier Series
 In terms of Angular Frequency,

N
f (t )  a0    an cos nt  bn sin nt
n 1
 or,
N
f (t )  a0    an cos n1t  bn sin n1t
n 1
1
where ao, an, bn are the constant co-efficient
for the corresponding frequency which
depends upon f(t).
Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 3
 Fourier Analysis
 Equation 1 is the trigonometric form of Fourier series of f(t) and
the process of determining the values of the constant co-efficient
ao, an, bn is called Fourier analysis.

 Or before calculating these co-efficient or constant co-efficient, we

will use some trigonometric integral having two sets of integers 'k'
and 'n' (i.e. 1, 2, 3, … ) in the following integrations, where '0'
and 'T' are used as integration limits.
T T

 sin n0 tdt  0  cos n

0
0 tdt  0
0
2 3
Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 4
 Fourier Analysis
 If; k ≠ n andk ≠ –n
T T

 sin k t cos n tdt  0

o o  sin k t sin n tdt  0
o o
0
4 0
5
T

 cos k t cos n tdt  0

0
o o

6
 For square trigonometric function;
T
T T
T
0 cos notdt  2
2
0 sin notdt  2
2

7 8

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 Fourier Analysis

The evaluation of the known co-efficient or

constant co-efficient may be calculated by using
above 7-integrals.
Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 6
 Coefficients of Fourier Series
 For ao integrate each side of Fourier series (equation-1) over a full
period.
T T T N

 f (t ) dt   a o dt     an cos n1 t  bn sin n1 t dt

0 0 0 n 1

 Using equation 2 and equation 3,

T T

 f (t )dt   a dt
0 0
o

T T

 f (t )dt  a  dt
0
o
0

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 7

 Coefficients of Fourier Series
T
T

0
f (t )dt  a o t
o
T

 f (t )dt  a
0
o (T )
T
1
ao 
T  f (t )dt
0

 Notice that this constant ao is simply the arrange value of f(t) over
a period.
 Thus ao is describe as DC component of f(t).

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 8

 Coefficients of Fourier Series
 To evaluate the constant coefficient an multiplying equation-1 by
cos kω1t and then integrate it for whole period.
T T T N

 f (t ) cos k t dt   a
1 o cos k1t dt    an cos n1t cos k1t dt
0 0 0 n 1
T N
   bn sin n1t cos k1t dt
0 n 1
 For, k = n, Using equation 3 and equation 6 above equation
becomes;
T T


0
f (t ) cos n1t dt  an  cos 2 n1t dt
0

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 9

 Coefficients of Fourier Series
 Using equation 8,
T
T

0
f (t ) cos n1tdt  an
2

T
2
an   f (t ) cos n1tdt
T 0

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 10

 Coefficients of Fourier Series
 To evaluate the constant coefficient bn multiplying equation-1 by
sin kω1t and then integrate it for whole period.
T T T N

 f (t ) sin k t dt   a
1 o sin k1t dt    an cos n1t sin k1t dt
0 0 0 n 1
T N
   bn sin n1t sin k1t dt
0 n 1
 For, k = n, Using equation 2 and equation 4 above equation
becomes;
T T


0
f (t ) sin n1t dt  bn  sin 2 n1t dt
0

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 11

 Coefficients of Fourier Series
 Using equation 7,

T
T

0
f (t ) sin n o tdt  bn
2
T
2
bn   f (t ) sin n o tdt
T 0

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 12

 Summary
N
f (t )  ao    an cos n1t  bn sin n1t
n 1
2
1   2 f1
T
T
1
ao 
T  f (t ) dt
0
T T
2 2
an   f (t ) cos n1t dt bn   f (t ) sin n1t dt
T 0 T 0

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Thank you

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 14