Relay switches are used to operate

high voltage electrical appliances

using a low voltage relay switch. In
the diagram, the input circuit is the
low voltage circuit and the output
circuit is the high voltage one.
When the relay is switched on, the
coil becomes magnetized and
attracts the top of the iron armature
down. The pivot causes the
armature to rotate and it pushes the
contact switches. The high voltage
circuit is now completed and the
high voltage appliance is powered.

Electromagnetic cranes/ Lifting cranes

Electromagnetic cranes are mostly used to separate metal

objects from debris (junk). They can also be used to move
cars in junkyards for disposal.

The main objective is to move metal objects. Metal are

magnetic materials and can be easily magnetized by
induction.

When a metal object is to be lifted, the electromagnet

is switched on. Similarly when a metal object needs to be
dropped, the electromagnet is switched off.
 Circuit Breakers

Circuit breakers are safety devices that serve the same

purpose as a fuse. When an excess current flows through the
circuit, the circuit breaker shuts down the flow of current in
the circuit.

When an excess current flows through the coil, the electromagnet

gets magnetized strongly, and pulls the soft iron armature
towards itself. This disengages the contacts and the circuit
becomes incomplete preventing further flow of current.

Electric Bell

When current flows through the circuit, the coil becomes magnetised.
The electromagnet attracts the soft iron armature towards itself and this causes the striker to hit the gong and
create a sound. When the armature comes down, the electrical contact it broken and the electromagnet loses its
magnetism.

The spring pulls the armature upward, the electrical contact is made again and the process repeats