Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 29

C ALIFORNIA S TATE U NIVERSITY, BAKERSFIELD (CSUB)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCE

Lab 3

!
Part 1*,*-'#.&)/0$*'10/.2)&1(*

3%$.&'&(2%4*0&56/55&1(*
+)!*)!*'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!96:;!<(''/)3<*-3(),!,=,-0'>!,200<?!*)8!'/,3<!*.0!<()@0.-08!3)-(!
*)!070<-.3<*7!,3A)*7!/,3)A!*!80@3<0!,/<?!*,!*!'3<.(2?()0B!C?3,!070<-.3<*7!,3A)*7!3,!<*7708!-?0!
'0,,*A0 !(.!D*,0D*)8 !,3A)*7B!C?0!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7!3,!-?0)!/,08!-(!070<-.3<*77=!@*.=!-?0!*'273-/80!
(E!*!2/.0!,3)0F*@0!<*7708!-?0!<*..30. B!C?0!<*..30.!/,/*77=!?*,!*!E.0G/0)<=!-?*-!3,!'/<?!?3A?0.!
-?*)!-?0!'0,,*A0H,!E.0G/0)<=B!!
!
I3A/.0!J!D07(F!,?(F,!*!,3'270!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7!*)8!*)!/)'(8/7*-08!<*..30.B!+-!*7,(!,?(F,!-?0!
.0,/7-!(E!*'273-/80!'(8/7*-3)A!-?0!<*..30.!F3-?!-?0!'0,,*A0B!K(-3<0!-?*-!-?0!'(8/7*-08!
<*..30.H,!*'273-/80!@*.30,!*D(@0!*)8!D07(F!3-,!/)'(8/7*-08!*'273-/80B!!

!
!!
!
7&8/%$*9*
!
!
! !
This experiment was adopted from Emona DATEx Lab Manual.

!
45#! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!4!5!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!
!
I3A/.0!#!D07(F!,?(F,!-?0!6:!,3A)*7!*-!-?0!D(--('!(E!I3A/.0!J!D/-!F3-?!*!8(--08!73)0!*8808!-(!
-.*<N!-?0!'(8/7*-08!<*..30.H,!2(,3-3@0!20*N,!*)8!)0A*-3@0!20*N,B!C?0,0!8(--08!73)0,!*.0!N)(F)!
3)!-?0!3)8/,-.=!*,!-?0!,3A)*7H,!0)@07(20,B!+E!=(/!7((N!*-!-?0!0)@07(20,!<7(,07=!=(/H77!)(-3<0!-?*-!
-?0!/220.!0)@07(20!3,!-?0!,*'0!,?*20!*,!-?0!'0,,*A0B!C?0!7(F0.!0)@07(20!3,!*7,(!-?0!,*'0!
,?*20!D/-!/2,38058(F)!93)@0.-08;B!!
!
!
!

!
7&8/%$*:*
!
!
+)!-070<(''/)3<*-3(),!-?0(.=>!-?0!'*-?0'*-3<*7!'(807!-?*-!80E3)0,!-?0!6:!,3A)*7!3,O!
!
6:!P!9QR!S!'0,,*A0;!T!-?0!<*..30.!
!
!
U?0)!-?0!'0,,*A0!3,!*!,3'270!,3)0F*@0!973N0!3)!I3A/.0!J;!-?0!0G/*-3()H,!,(7/-3()!9F?3<?!
)0<0,,*.37=!3)@(7@0,!,('0!-.3A()('0-.=!-?*-!3,!)(-!,?(F)!?0.0;!-077,!/,!-?*-!-?0!6:!,3A)*7!
<(),3,-,!(E!-?.00!,3)0F*@0,O!
!!
! V)0!*-!-?0!<*..30.!E.0G/0)<=!
! V)0!F3-?!*!E.0G/0)<=!0G/*7!-(!-?0!,/'!(E!-?0!<*..30.!*)8!'0,,*A0!E.0G/0)<30,!
! V)0!F3-?!*!E.0G/0)<=!0G/*7!-(!-?0!83EE0.0)<0!D0-F00)!-?0!<*..30.!*)8!'0,,*A0!
E.0G/0)<30,!
!
+)!(-?0.!F(.8,>!E(.!0@0.=!,3)0F*@0!3)!-?0!'0,,*A0>!-?0!6:!,3A)*7!3)<7/80,!*!2*3.!(E!,3)0F*@0,!L!
()0!*D(@0!*)8!()0!D07(F!-?0!<*..30.H,!E.0G/0)<=B!R('2701!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7,!,/<?!*,!,200<?!*)8!
'/,3<!*.0!'*80!/2!(E!-?(/,*)8,!,3)0F*@0,!*)8!,(!-?0!6:!,3A)*7!3)<7/80,!-?(/,*)8,!(E!2*3.,!(E!
,3)0F*@0,!,-.*8873)A!<*..30.B!C?0,0!-F(!A.(/2,!(E!,3)0F*@0,!*.0!<*7708!-?0!,380D*)8,!*)8!,(!
6:!3,!N)(F)!*,!8(/D705,380D*)8>!E/77!<*..30.!9QWXIR;B!
!
+'2(.-*)-7=>!3-H,!<70*.!E.('!-?3,!83,</,,3()!-?*-!-?0!6:!,3A)*7!8(0,)H-!<(),3,-!(E!*)=!,3A)*7,!*-!
-?0!'0,,*A0!E.0G/0)<=B!C?3,!3,!80,23-0!-?0!E*<-!-?*-!-?0!6:!,3A)*7H,!0)@07(20,!*.0!-?0!,*'0!
,?*20!*,!-?0!'0,,*A0B!!

!
&120.3'0)-!4!L!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! 45M!
!
;<$*$"#$%&'$()*
I(.!-?3,!0120.3'0)-!=(/H77!/,0!-?0!&'()*!Q6C&1!-(!A0)0.*-0!*!.0*7!6:!,3A)*7!D=!3'270'0)-3)A!
3-,!'*-?0'*-3<*7!'(807B!C?3,!'0*),!-?*-!=(/H77!*88!*!QR!<('2()0)-!-(!*!2/.0!,3)0F*@0!-(!
<.0*-0!*!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7!-?0)!'/7-327=!3-!F3-?!*)(-?0.!,3)0F*@0!*-!*!?3A?0.!E.0G/0)<=!9-?0!
<*..30.;B!Z(/H77!01*'3)0!-?0!6:!,3A)*7!/,3)A!-?0!,<(20!*)8!<('2*.0!3-!-(!-?0!(.3A3)*7!'0,,*A0B!
Z(/H77!8(!-?0!,*'0!F3-?!,200<?!E(.!-?0!'0,,*A0!3),-0*8!(E!*!,3'270!,3)0F*@0B!
!
I(77(F3)A!-?3,>!=(/H77!@*.=!-?0!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7H,!*'273-/80!*)8!(D,0.@0!?(F!3-!*EE0<-,!-?0!
'(8/7*-08!<*..30.B!Z(/H77!*7,(!(D,0.@0!-?0!0EE0<-,!(E!'(8/7*-3)A!-?0!<*..30.!-((!'/<?B!I3)*77=>!
=(/H77!'0*,/.0!-?0!6:!,3A)*7H,!802-?!(E!'(8/7*-3()!/,3)A!*!,<(20B!
!

!
!
!=/&#'$()*
!
! ! [0.,()*7!<('2/-0.!F3-?!*22.(2.3*-0!,(E-F*.0!3),-*7708!
! ! K+!&\]+W!++!27/,!^WX!<*D70!*)8!2(F0.!2*<N!

! ! &'()*!Q6C&1!0120.3'0)-*7!*8853)!'(8/70!

! ! CF(!XKR!-(!#''!D*)*)*527/A!70*8,!

! ! 6,,(.-08!#''!D*)*)*527/A!2*-<?!70*8,!

!
!
!
!
!

!
45Y! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!4!5!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!
3%16$0/%$*
!
32%)*-*>*?$($%2)&(8*2(*-@*5&8(2.*/5&(8*2*5&'#.$*'$5528$*
!
JB! &),/.0!-?*-!-?0!K+!&\]+W!++!2(F0.!,F3-<?!*-!-?0!D*<N!(E!-?0!/)3-!3,!(EEB!
!
#B! R*.0E/77=!27/A!-?0!&'()*!Q6C&1!0120.3'0)-*7!*8853)!'(8/70!3)-(!-?0!K+!&\]+W!++B!
!
MB! W0-!-?0!R()-.(7!:(80!,F3-<?!()!-?0!Q6C&1!'(8/70!9-(2!.3A?-!<(.)0.;!-(![R!R()-.(7B!
!
YB! R())0<-!-?0!K+!&\]+W!++!-(!-?0![R!/,3)A!-?0!^WX!<*D70B!
!
A1)$B!C?3,!'*=!*7.0*8=!?*@0!D00)!8()0!E(.!=(/B!
!
4B! C/.)!()!-?0!K+!&\]+W!++!2(F0.!,F3-<?!*-!-?0!.0*.!(E!-?0!/)3-!-?0)!-/.)!()!3-,!
[.(-(-=23)A!X(*.8![(F0.!,F3-<?!*-!-?0!-(2!.3A?-!<(.)0.!)0*.!-?0!2(F0.!3)83<*-(.B!
!
_B! C/.)!()!-?0![R!*)8!70-!3-!D((-5/2B!
!
`B! \*/)<?!-?0!K+!&\]+W'1!,(E-F*.0B!
!
!

!
!
%B! \*/)<?!-?0!K+!&\]+W!++!]*.3*D70![(F0.!W/22730,!]+!*)8!<73<N!()!3-,!a/)!<()-.(7!-(!
*<-3@*-0!-?0!?*.8F*.0B!
!
bB! 68c/,-!-?0!]*.3*D70![(F0.!W/22730,!)0A*-3@0!(/-2/-!](7-*A0!<()-.(7!E(.!*)!(/-2/-!(E!
*D(/-!5_]!9-?0!01*<-!@*7/0!3,!)(-!<.3-3<*7;B!
!
J$B! Z(/!F()H-!)008!-(!*8c/,-!-?0!]*.3*D70![(F0.!W/22730,!]+!*A*3)!,(!'3)3'3,0!3-!9D/-!8()H-!
<7(,0!3-;B!
!

!
&120.3'0)-!4!L!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! 454!
!
JJB! R())0<-!-?0!,0-5/2!,?(F)!3)!I3A/.0!M!D07(FB!
!
A1)$B!C?0!K+!&\]+W!++!Q::H,!3)2/-,!*.0!()!-?0!70E-!,380!(E!-?0!/)3-B!
!
!

FUNCTION ADDER
GENERATOR

DMM
ANALOG I/ O
VΩ
ACH1 DAC1 G

A
COM
ACH0 DAC0
VARIABLE DC
+
g
GND
B GA+gB

!
!
!
7&8/%$*C*
!
!
J#B! \*/)<?!-?0!K+!&\]+W!++!Q::!]+!*)8!2.0,,!3-,!a/)!D/--()!-(!*<-3@*-0!3-,!?*.8F*.0B!
!
JMB! W0-!/2!-?0!Q::!E(.!'0*,/.3)A!QR!@(7-*A0,B!
!
JYB! \*/)<?!-?0!Q6C&1!,(E-!E.()-52*)07!9WI[;B!
!
J4B! R?0<N!=(/!?*@0!,(E-!<()-.(7!(@0.!-?0!Q6C&1!D=!*<-3@*-3)A!-?0![R:!&)<(80.!'(8/70H,!
51D)![Q:dCQ:!<()-.(7!()!-?0!Q6C&1!WI[B!
!
A1)$B!+E!=(/H.0!,0-5/2!3,!F(.N3)A!<(..0<-7=>!-?0![R:!Q0<(80.!'(8/70H,!\&Q!()!-?0!
Q6C&1!D(*.8!,?(/78!-/.)!()!*)8!(EEB!
!
J_B! \(<*-0!-?0!6880.!'(8/70!()!-?0!Q6C&1!WI[!*)8!-/.)!3-,!,(E-!e!<()-.(7!E/77=!*)-35
<7(<NF3,0B!
!
J`B! 68c/,-!-?0!6880.!'(8/70H,!,(E-!A!<()-.(7!-(!(D-*3)!*!J]!QR!(/-2/-!9*,!'0*,/.08!D=!-?0!
Q::;B!
!
J%B! R7(,0!-?0!Q::!]+!L!=(/H77!)(-!)008!3-!*A*3)!9/)70,,!=(/!*<<380)-*77=!<?*)A0!-?0!6880.!
'(8/70H,!,(E-!A!<()-.(7;B!
!

!
45_! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!4!5!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!
!
JbB! R())0<-!-?0!,0-5/2!,?(F)!3)!I3A/.0!Y!D07(FB!
!
A1)$*9B!C?0!K+!&\]+W!++!,<(20!3)2/-,!*.0!()!-?0!70E-!,380!(E!-?0!/)3-B!
!
A1)$*:B!+),0.-!-?0!D7*<N!27/A,!(E!-?0!(,<377(,<(20!70*8!3)-(!*!A.(/)8!9eKQ;!,(<N0-B!
!
!
!
MASTER FUNCTION ADDER
SIGNALS GENERATOR

SCOPE
10VDC
ANALOG I/ O 7Vrms m ax
100 kHz
SINE CH 0
100 kHz ACH1 DAC1 G
COS
100 kHz A
DIGITAL CH 1
8kHz ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL VARIABLE DC
2kHz
DIGITAL +
2kHz g
SINE
B GA+gB

!
!
7&8/%$*E*
!
!
C?3,!,0-5/2!<*)!D0!.02.0,0)-08!D=!-?0!D7(<N!83*A.*'!3)!I3A/.0!4!D07(FB!+-!3'270'0)-,!-?0!
?3A?73A?-08!2*.-!(E!-?0!0G/*-3()O!6:!P!FGH*I*'$5528$J!T!-?0!<*..30.B!
!
!
!
!
:*,-0.!W3A)*7, 6880.

6
:0,,*A0
#Nfg C(!Rf!$
X

]*.3*D70
QR

!
!
7&8/%$*+*
!

!
&120.3'0)-!4!L!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! 45`!
!
#$B! \*/)<?!*)8!./)!-?0!K+!&\]+W!++!V,<377(,<(20!]+B!
!
#JB! W0-!/2!-?0!,<(20!20.!-?0!2.(<08/.0!3)!&120.3'0)-!J!92*A0!J5J#;!F3-?!-?0!E(77(F3)A!
<?*)A0,O!
!
! R?*))07!$!R(/273)A!<()-.(7!-(!-?0!QR!2(,3-3()!3),-0*8!(E!6R!

! R?*))07!$!W<*70!<()-.(7!-(!-?0!4$$']d83@!2(,3-3()!3),-0*8!(E!J]d83@!

! C.3AA0.!\0@07!<()-.(7!-(!-?0!J]!2(,3-3()!3),-0*8!(E!$]!

!
6-!-?0!'('0)->!-?0!,<(20H,!83,27*=!F()-!?*@0!*!-.*<0!*)8!-?0.0!,?(/78!D0!*!'0,,*A0!*-!-?0!-(2!
,-*-3)A>!hiiiU*3-3)A!E(.!C.3AA0.iiijB!C?3,!,3-/*-3()!3,!)(.'*7!*)8!F377!D0!<(..0<-08!F?0)!=(/!
20.E(.'!-?0!)01-!,-02B!
!
!
##B! U?370!F*-<?3)A!-?0!6880.!'(8/70H,!(/-2/-!()!-?0!,<(20>!-/.)!3-,!,(E-!e!<()-.(7!
<7(<NF3,0!-(!(D-*3)!*!J]252!,3)0F*@0B!
!
;&#B!a0'0'D0.!-?*-!=(/!<*)!/,0!-?0!N0=D(*.8H,!C6X!*)8!*..(F!N0=,!E(.!E3)0!*8c/,-'0)-!
(E!-?0!Q6C&1!WI[H,!<()-.(7,B!
!
!
C?0!6880.!'(8/70H,!(/-2/-!<*)!)(F!D0!80,<.3D08!'*-?0'*-3<*77=!*,O!
!
!
6:!P!9J]QR!S!J]252!#Nfg!,3)0;!T!-?0!<*..30.!
!
!
!
! K/$5)&1(*9*
+)!F?*-!F*=!3,!-?0!6880.!'(8/70H,!(/-2/-!)(F!83EE0.0)-!-(!-?0!,3A)*7!(/-!(E!-?0!:*,-0.!
W3A)*7,!'(8/70H,!#Nfg!W+K&!(/-2/-k!
!

!
!

!
45%! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!4!5!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!
!
#MB! :(83E=!-?0!,0-5/2!*,!,?(F)!3)!I3A/.0!_!D07(FB!
!
!
! ! ! !
! L$D1%$*41/*01M* !
C?0!,0-5/2!3)!I3A/.0!_!D/378,!()!I3A/.0!Y!,(!8()H-!2/77!3-!*2*.-B!&13,-3)A!F3.3)A!3,!,?(F)!
*,!8(--08!73)0,!-(!?3A?73A?-!-?0!2*-<?!70*8,!-?*-!=(/!)008!-(!*88B!!
! ! ! !
!
!
!
!
MASTER FUNCTION ADDER MULTIPLIER
SIGNALS GENERATOR

DC
X
AC
SCOPE
DC 10VDC
ANALOG I/ O Y 7Vrms max
1 00 kHz AC
SINE CH 0
ACH1 DAC1 G kXY
1 00 kHz
COS MULTIPLIER
1 00 kHz A
DIGITAL CH 1
8kHz ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL
VARIABLE DC X DC
2kHz
DIGITAL +
2kHz g
SINE
B GA+gB Y DC kXY

!
!
7&8/%$*N*
!
C?3,!,0-5/2!<*)!D0!.02.0,0)-08!D=!-?0!D7(<N!83*A.*'!3)!I3A/.0!`!D07(FB!C?0!*883-3(),!-?*-!
=(/H@0!'*80!-(!-?0!(.3A3)*7!,0-5/2!3'270'0)-!-?0!?3A?73A?-08!2*.-!(E!-?0!0G/*-3()O!!
6:!P!9QR!S!'0,,*A0;!O*)<$*62%%&$%B!
!
!
:0,,*A0
C(!Rf!$
6 l
6:!,3A)*7
#Nfg C(!Rf!J
X Z
J$$Nfg
<*..30.

:*,-0.
W3A)*7,

!
7&8/%$*P*

!
&120.3'0)-!4!L!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! 45b!
!
U3-?!@*7/0,>!-?0!0G/*-3()!()!-?0!2.0@3(/,!2*A0!D0<('0,O!
!
!
6:!P!9J]QR!S!J]252!#Nfg!,3)0;!T!Y]252!J$$Nfg!,3)0B!
!
!
#YB! 68c/,-!-?0!,<(20H,!C3'0D*,0!<()-.(7!-(!@30F!()7=!-F(!(.!,(!<=<70,!(E!-?0!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7B!
!
#4B! 6<-3@*-0!-?0!,<(20H,!R?*))07!J!3)2/-!9D=!<?0<N3)A!-?0!R?*))07!J!&)*D708!D(1;!-(!@30F!-?0!
:/7-32730.!'(8/70H,!(/-2/-!*,!F077!*,!-?0!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7B!
!
#_B! Q.*F!-?0!-F(!F*@0E(.',!-(!,<*70!()!-?0!A.*2?!2.(@3808!D07(FB!
!
! ;&#B!Q.*F!-?0!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7!3)!-?0!/220.!?*7E!(E!-?0!A.*2?!*)8!-?0!6:!,3A)*7!3)!-?0!
7(F0.!?*7EB!
!
!
!

!
45J$! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!4!5!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!
!
!
!
#`B! ^,0!-?0!,<(20H,!R?*))07!$![(,3-3()!<()-.(7!-(!(@0.7*=!-?0!'0,,*A0!F3-?!-?0!6:!,3A)*7H,!
/220.!0)@07(20!-?0)!7(F0.!0)@07(20!-(!<('2*.0!-?0'B!
!
;&#B!+E!=(/!?*@0)H-!8(!,(!*7.0*8=>!,0-!-?0!R?*))07!J!W<*70!<()-.(7!-(!4$$']d83@B!
!
!
K/$5)&1(*:*
U?*-!E0*-/.0!(E!-?0!:/7-32730.!'(8/70H,!(/-2/-!,/AA0,-,!-?*-!3-H,!*)!6:!,3A)*7k!;&#B!+E!
=(/H.0!)(-!,/.0!*D(/-!-?0!*),F0.!-(!-?0!G/0,-3(),>!,00!-?0!2.073'3)*.=!83,</,,3()B!

!
!
K/$5)&1(*C*
C?0!6:!,3A)*7!3,!*!<('2701!F*@0E(.'!<(),3,-3)A!(E!'(.0!-?*)!()0!,3A)*7B!+,!()0!(E!-?0!
,3A)*7,!*!#Nfg!,3)0F*@0k!&127*3)!=(/.!*),F0.B!!

!
!
K/$5)&1(*E*
I(.!-?0!A3@0)!3)2/-,!-(!-?0!:/7-32730.!'(8/70>!?(F!'*)=!,3)0F*@0,!8(0,!-?0!6:!,3A)*7!
<(),3,-!(E>!*)8!F?*-!*.0!-?03.!E.0G/0)<30,k!

!
!

!
&120.3'0)-!4!L!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! 45JJ!
!
32%)*L*>*?$($%2)&(8*2(*-@*5&8(2.*/5&(8*5#$$6<!
C?3,!0120.3'0)-!?*,!A0)0.*-08!*)!6:!,3A)*7!/,3)A!*!,3)0F*@0!E(.!-?0!'0,,*A0B!f(F0@0.>!-?0!
'0,,*A0!3)!<(''0.<3*7!<(''/)3<*-3(),!,=,-0',!3,!'/<?!'(.0!73N07=!-(!D0!,200<?!*)8!'/,3<B!
C?0!)01-!2*.-!(E!-?0!0120.3'0)-!70-,!=(/!,00!F?*-!*)!6:!,3A)*7!7((N,!73N0!F?0)!'(8/7*-08!D=!
,200<?B!
!
#%B! Q3,<())0<-!-?0!27/A!()!-?0!:*,-0.!W3A)*7,!'(8/70H,!#Nfg!W+K&!(/-2/-!-?*-!<())0<-,!-(!
-?0!6880.!'(8/70H,!6!3)2/-B!
!
#bB! R())0<-!3-!-(!-?0!W200<?!'(8/70H,!(/-2/-!*,!,?(F)!3)!I3A/.0!%!D07(FB!
!
Q$'$'R$%B!Q(--08!73)0,!,?(F!70*8,!*7.0*8=!3)!27*<0B!
!
!
!
SEQUENCE MASTER FUNCTION ADDER MULTIPLIER
GENERATOR SIGNALS GENERATOR
LINE
CODE
O
DC
1 X
OO NRZ-L AC
O1 Bi-O
SYNC SCOPE
1O RZ-AMI DC 10VDC
11 NRZ-M ANALOG I/ O Y 7Vrms m ax
100kHz AC
X SINE CH 0
ACH1 DAC1 G kXY
100kHz
Y COS MULTIPLIER
CLK 100kHz A
DIGITAL CH 1
SPEECH
8kHz ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL VARIABLE DC X DC
2kHz
DIGITAL +
GND g
2kHz
SINE
GND B GA+gB Y DC kXY

!
!
7&8/%$*S*
!
!
M$B! W0-!-?0!,<(20H,!C3'0D*,0!<()-.(7!-(!-?0!J',d83@!2(,3-3()B!
!
MJB! f/'!*)8!-*7N!3)-(!-?0!'3<.(2?()0!F?370!F*-<?3)A!-?0!,<(20H,!83,27*=B!
!
!
K/$5)&1(*+*
U?=!3,!-?0.0!,-377!*!,3A)*7!(/-!(E!-?0!:/7-32730.!'(8/70!0@0)!F?0)!=(/H.0!)(-!?/''3)A!9(.!
-*7N3)A>!0-<;k!

!
!

!
45J#! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!4!5!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!
!
!
!
32%)*H*,*T(U$5)&82)&(8*0$#)<*1D*'10/.2)&1(!
+-H,!2(,,3D70!-(!'(8/7*-0!-?0!<*..30.!D=!83EE0.0)-!*'(/)-,B!C?3,!2*.-!(E!-?0!0120.3'0)-!70-H,!
=(/!3)@0,-3A*-0!-?3,B!
!
M#B! a0-/.)!-?0!,<(20H,!C3'0D*,0!<()-.(7!-(!-?0!J$$m,d83@!2(,3-3()B!
!
MMB! Q3,<())0<-!-?0!27/A!-(!-?0!W200<?!'(8/70H,!(/-2/-!*)8!.0<())0<-!3-!-(!-?0!:*,-0.!
W3A)*7,!'(8/70H,!#Nfg!W+K&!(/-2/-B!!
!
A1)$B!C?0!,<(20H,!83,27*=!,?(/78!)(F!7((N!73N0!=(/.!8.*F3)A,!()!-?0!A.*2?!2*20.!()!2*A0!!
45J$B!
!
MYB! ]*.=!-?0!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7H,!*'273-/80!*!73--70!D=!-/.)3)A!6880.!'(8/70H,!,(E-!e!<()-.(7!70E-!
*)8!.3A?-!*)8!)(-3<0!-?0!0EE0<-!()!-?0!6:!,3A)*7B!
!
!
K/$5)&1(*N*
U?*-!3,!-?0!.07*-3(),?32!D0-F00)!-?0!'0,,*A0H,!*'273-/80!*)8!-?0!*'(/)-!(E!-?0!
<*..30.H,!'(8/7*-3()k!

!
!
!
!

!
&120.3'0)-!4!L!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! 45JM!
!
Z(/!2.(D*D7=!)(-3<08!-?*-!-?0!,3g0!(E!-?0!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7!*)8!-?0!'(8/7*-3()!(E!-?0!<*..30.!*.0!
2.(2(.-3()*7B!C?*-!3,>!*,!-?0!'0,,*A0H,!*'273-/80!A(0,!/2>!-?0!*'(/)-!(E!-?0!<*..30.H,!
'(8/7*-3()!A(0,!/2B!!
!
C?0!01-0)-!-?*-!*!'0,,*A0!'(8/7*-0,!*!<*..30.!3,!N)(F)!3)!-?0!3)8/,-.=!*,!-?0!'(8/7*-3()!
3)801!9';B!:(8/7*-3()!3)801!3,!*)!3'2(.-*)-!<?*.*<-0.3,-3<!(E!*)!6:!,3A)*7!E(.!,0@0.*7!.0*,(),!
3)<7/83)A!<*7</7*-3)A!-?0!83,-.3D/-3()!(E!-?0!,3A)*7H,!2(F0.!D0-F00)!-?0!<*..30.!*)8!,380D*)8,B!
!
I3A/.0!b!D07(F!,?(F,!-F(!N0=!83'0),3(),!(E!*)!*'273-/80!'(8/7*-08!<*..30.B!C?0,0!-F(!
83'0),3(),!*77(F!*!<*..30.H,!'(8/7*-3()!3)801!-(!D0!<*7</7*-08B!!
!
!
!

!
7&8/%$*V*
!
!
C?0!)01-!2*.-!(E!-?0!0120.3'0)-!70-,!=(/!2.*<-3,0!'0*,/.3)A!-?0,0!83'0),3(),!-(!<*7</7*-0!*!
<*..30.H,!'(8/7*-3()!3)801B!
!
M4B! 68c/,-!-?0!6880.!'(8/70H,!,(E-!e!<()-.(7!-(!.0-/.)!-?0!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7H,!*'273-/80!-(!!
J]252B!!
!
M_B! :0*,/.0!*)8!.0<(.8!-?0!6:!,3A)*7H,![!83'0),3()B!a0<(.8!=(/.!'0*,/.0'0)-!3)!C*D70!J!
D07(FB!
!
M`B! :0*,/.0!*)8!.0<(.8!-?0!6:!,3A)*7H,!n!83'0),3()B!
!
M%B! R*7</7*-0!*)8!.0<(.8!-?0!6:!,3A)*7H,!802-?!(E!'(8/7*-3()!/,3)A!-?0!0G/*-3()!D07(FB!
!
[ −n
'= !
[ +n
!
!
;2R.$*9*

3*0&'$(5&1(* K*0&'$(5&1(* '*

! ! !

!
45JY! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!4!5!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!
!
!
6!2.(D70'!-?*-!3,!3'2(.-*)-!-(!*@(38!3)!6:!-.*),'3,,3()!3,!(@0.5'(8/7*-3()B!U?0)!-?0!<*..30.!
3,!(@0.5'(8/7*-08>!3-!<*)!/2,0-!-?0!.0<03@0.H,!(20.*-3()B!C?0!)01-!2*.-!(E!-?0!0120.3'0)-!A3@0,!
=(/!*!<?*)<0!-(!(D,0.@0!-?0!0EE0<-!(E!(@0.5'(8/7*-3()B!
!
MbB! +)<.0*,0!-?0!'0,,*A0!,3A)*7H,!*'273-/80!-(!'*13'/'!D=!-/.)3)A!-?0!6880.!'(8/70H,!,(E-!
e!<()-.(7!-(!*D(/-!?*7E!3-,!-.*@07!-?0)!E/77=!<7(<NF3,0!*)8!)(-3<0!-?0!0EE0<-!()!-?0!6:!
,3A)*7B!
!
Y$B! W0-!-?0!,<(20H,!R?*))07!$!W<*70!<()-.(7!-(!J]d83@!*)8!-?0!R?*))07!J!W<*70!<()-.(7!-(!
4$$']d83@B!
!
YJB! ^,0!-?0!,<(20H,!R?*))07!$![(,3-3()!<()-.(7!-(!(@0.7*=!-?0!'0,,*A0!F3-?!-?0!6:!,3A)*7H,!
0)@07(20,!*)8!<('2*.0!-?0'B!
!
!
K/$5)&1(*P*
U?*-!3,!-?0!2.(D70'!F3-?!-?0!6:!,3A)*7!F?0)!3-!3,!(@0.5'(8/7*-08k!

!
!
!
K/$5)&1(*S!
U?*-!8(!=(/!-?3)N!3,!*!<*..30.H,!'*13'/'!'(8/7*-3()!3)801!F3-?(/-!(@0.5'(8/7*-3()k!
!
" 6!'3)/,!)/'D0.! !

" $! !

" J!

" e.0*-0.!-?*)!J! !

!
!

!
&120.3'0)-!4!L!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! 45J4!
!
Y#B! Q.*F!-?0!-F(!F*@0E(.',!-(!,<*70!3)!-?0!,2*<0!2.(@3808!D07(FB!
!
!
!

!
!

!
45J_! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!4!5!6'273-/80!'(8/7*-3()!
!
Part 2*,*-.*/$'0/123)&0(*

4%$2&'&(3%5*/&67166&0(*
+:!;(/<=0!>('280-07!part 1 -@0)!;(/<=0!,00)!A@*-!@*220),!A@0)!*!#BCD!,3)0A*=0!3,!/,07!
-(!*'283-/70!'(7/8*-0!*!>*..30.!-(!2.(7/>0!*)!56!,3E)*8F!+'2(.-*)-8;G!;(/!A(/87!@*=0!,00)!*!
B0;!>@*.*>-0.3,-3>!(:!*)!56!,3E)*8!4!3-,!0)=08(20,!*.0!-@0!,*'0!,@*20!*,!-@0!'0,,*E0!H-@(/E@!
-@0!8(A0.!0)=08(20!3,!3)=0.-07IF!
!
J0>(=0.3)E!-@0!(.3E3)*8!'0,,*E0!:.('!*!'(7/8*-07!>*..30.!3,!>*8807!70'(7/8*-3() !*)7!-@3,!3,!
-@0!'*3)!2/.2(,0!(:!>(''/)3>*-3(),!*)7!-080>(''/)3>*-3(),!.0>03=0.,F!K@0!>3.>/3-!-@*-!3,!
A3708;!/,07!-(!70'(7/8*-0!56!,3E)*8,!3,!>*8807!*)!0)=08(20!70-0>-(. �
K@0!L8(>B!73*E.*'!(:!*)! 0)=08(20!70-0>-(.!3,!,@(A)!3)!M3E/.0!N!L08(AF!
!
!
!
!

JP
J0>-3:30.
QRM
J0>(=0.07
56!,3E)*8 '0,,*E0

J0>-3:307!56!,3E)*8
!
!
8&91%$*:*
!
!
5,!;(/!>*)!,00G!-@0!.0>-3:30.!,-*E0!>@(2,!-@0!56!,3E)*8!3)!@*8:!80--3)E!()8;!()0!(:!3-,!0)=08(20,!
-@.(/E@!H-@0!/220.!0)=08(20!3)!-@3,!>*,0!L/-!-@0!8(A0.!0)=08(20!3,!O/,-!*,!E((7IF!K@3,!,3E)*8!3,!
:07!-(!*)!JP!QRM!A@3>@!-.*>B,!-@0!20*B,!(:!3-,!3)2/-F!S@0)!-@0!3)2/-!-(!-@0!JP!QRM!3,!*!
.0>-3:307!56!,3E)*8G!3-!-.*>B,!-@0!,3E)*8<,!0)=08(20F!+'2(.-*)-8;G!*,!-@0!0)=08(20!3,!-@0!,*'0!
,@*20!*,!-@0!'0,,*E0G!-@0!JP!QRM<,!(/-2/-!=(8-*E0!3,!*8,(!-@0!,*'0!,@*20!*,!-@0!'0,,*E0!*)7!
,(!-@0!56!,3E)*8!3,!70'(7/8*-07F!!
!
5!83'3-*-3()!(:!0)=08(20!70-0>-(.!,@(A)!3)!M3E/.0!N!3,!-@*-!3-!>*))(-!*>>/.*-08;!.0>(=0.!-@0!
'0,,*E0!:.('!(=0.9'(7/8*-07!56!,3E)*8,F!K(!0128*3)G!.0>*88!-@*-!A@0)!*)!56!>*..30.!3,!(=0.9
'(7/8*-07!-@0!,3E)*8<,!0)=08(20!3,!)(98()E0.!-@0!,*'0!,@*20!*,!-@0!(.3E3)*8!'0,,*E0F!+),-0*7G!
-@0!0)=08(20!3,!73,-(.-07!*)7!,(G!L;!70:3)3-3()G!-@3,!'0*),!-@*-!-@0!0)=08(20!70-0>-(.!'/,-!
2.(7/>0!*!73,-(.-07!=0.,3()!(:!-@0!'0,,*E0F!!
!
!
!

!
%9#! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!
;<$*$"#$%&'$()*
M(.!-@3,!0120.3'0)-!;(/<88!/,0!-@0!&'()*!U5K&1!-(!E0)0.*-0!*)!56!,3E)*8!L;!3'280'0)-3)E!3-,!
'*-@0'*-3>*8!'(708F!K@0)!;(/<88!,0-9/2!*)!0)=08(20!70-0>-(.!/,3)E!-@0!J0>-3:30. !*)7!JP!QRM! ()!
-@0!-.*3)0.<,!V-383-30,!'(7/80F!
!
W)>0!7()0G!;(/<88!>())0>-!-@0!56!,3E)*8!-(!-@0!0)=08(20!70-0>-(.<,!3)2/-!*)7!>('2*.0!-@0!
70'(7/8*-07!(/-2/-!-(!-@0!(.3E3)*8!'0,,*E0!*)7!-@0!56!,3E)*8<,!0)=08(20F!X(/<88!*8,(!(L,0.=0!
-@0!0::0>-!-@*-!*)!(=0.9'(7/8*-07!56!,3E)*8!@*,!()!-@0!0)=08(20!70-0>-(.<,!(/-2/-F!!
!
M3)*88;G!3:!-3'0!20.'3-,G!;(/<88!70'(7/8*-0!-@0!56!,3E)*8!L;!3'280'0)-3)E!L;!'/8-328;3)E!3-!A3-@!
*!8(>*8!>*..30.!3),-0*7!(:!/,3)E!*)!0)=08(20!70-0>-(.F!
!

!
*
*
!=1&#'$()*
!

! ! R0.,()*8!>('2/-0.!A3-@!*22.(2.3*-0!,(:-A*.0!3),-*8807!

! ! Y+!&QZ+[!++!28/,!V[\!>*L80!*)7!2(A0.!2*>B!

! ! &'()*!U5K&1!0120.3'0)-*8!*7793)!'(7/80!

! ! KA(!\YP!-(!#''!L*)*)*928/E!80*7,!

! ! 5,,(.-07!#''!L*)*)*928/E!2*->@!80*7,!

! ! W)0!,0-!(:!@0*72@()0,!H,-0.0(I!

!
&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! %9T!
!
4%07$/1%$*
!
43%)*-*,*>$))&(9*1#*)<$*-.*'0/123)0%*
K(!0120.3'0)-!A3-@!56!70'(7/8*-3()!;(/<88!)007!*)!56!,3E)*8F!K@0!:3.,-!2*.-!(:!-@0!
0120.3'0)-!E0-,!;(/!-(!,0-!()0!/2F!
!
NF! &),/.0!-@*-!-@0!Y+!&QZ+[!++!2(A0.!,A3->@!*-!-@0!L*>B!(:!-@0!/)3-!3,!(::F!
!
#F! P*.0:/88;!28/E!-@0!&'()*!U5K&1!0120.3'0)-*8!*7793)!'(7/80!3)-(!-@0!Y+!&QZ+[!++F!
!
TF! [0-!-@0!P()-.(8!6(70!,A3->@!()!-@0!U5K&1!'(7/80!H-(2!.3E@-!>(.)0.I!-(!RP!P()-.(8F!
!
]F! P())0>-!-@0!Y+!&QZ+[!++!-(!-@0!RP!/,3)E!-@0!V[\!>*L80F!
!
?0)$@!K@3,!'*;!*8.0*7;!@*=0!L00)!7()0!:(.!;(/F!
!
?F! K/.)!()!-@0!Y+!&QZ+[!++!2(A0.!,A3->@!*-!-@0!.0*.!(:!-@0!/)3-!-@0)!-/.)!()!3-,!
R.(-(-;23)E!\(*.7!R(A0.!,A3->@!*-!-@0!-(2!.3E@-!>(.)0.!)0*.!-@0!2(A0.!3)73>*-(.F!
!
^F! K/.)!()!-@0!RP!*)7!80-!3-!L((-9/2F!
!
_F! Q*/)>@!-@0!Y+!&QZ+['1!,(:-A*.0F!
!
%F! Q*/)>@!*)7!./)!-@0!Y+!&QZ+[!++!Z*.3*L80!R(A0.![/22830,!Z+F!
!
`F! 57O/,-!-@0!Z*.3*L80!R(A0.![/22830,!)0E*-3=0!(/-2/-!Z(8-*E0!>()-.(8!:(.!*)!(/-2/-!(:!
*L(/-!9^Z!H-@0!01*>-!=*8/0!3,!)(-!>.3-3>*8IF!
!
N$F! Q*/)>@!*)7!./)!-@0!Y+!&QZ+[!++!U66!Z+F!
!
NNF! [0-!/2!-@0!U66!Z+!:(.!'0*,/.3)E!UP!=(8-*E0,F!
!
N#F! Q*/)>@!-@0!U5K&1!,(:-!:.()-92*)08!H[MRI!*)7!>@0>B!-@*-!;(/!@*=0!,(:-!>()-.(8!(=0.!-@0!
U5K&1!L(*.7F!
!
NTF! Q(>*-0!-@0!5770.!'(7/80!()!-@0!U5K&1![MR!*)7!-/.)!3-,!,(:-!a!*)7!E!>()-.(8,!:/88;!
*)-39>8(>BA3,0F!
!

!
%9]! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!
!
N]F! P())0>-!-@0!,0-9/2!,@(A)!3)!M3E/.0!#!L08(AF!
!
!
!
MASTER FUNCTION ADDER MULTIPLIER
SIGNALS GENERATOR

DC
X SCOPE
AC 10VDC
7Vrms max
DC
ANALOG I/ O CH 0
Y
100kHz AC
SINE
ACH1 DAC1 kXY
100kHz G
COS MULTIPLIER CH 1
100kHz A
DIGITAL
8kHz ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL VARIABLE DC X DC
2kHz
DIGITAL +
2kHz g
SINE
B GA+gB Y DC kXY

!
!
8&91%$*A*
!
!
N?F! P())0>-!-@0!5770.!'(7/80<,!(/-2/-!-(!-@0!U66!*)7!*7O/,-!-@0!'(7/80<,!,(:-!E!>()-.(8!
-(!(L-*3)!*!NZ!UP!(/-2/-F!
!
?0)$*:@!J0'0'L0.!-@*-!;(/!'/,-!*8,(!>())0>-!-@0!U66<,!PW6!3)2/-!-(!*!E.(/)7!
-0.'3)*8!()!-@0!&'()*!U5K&1F!
!
?0)$*A@!J0'0'L0.!*8,(!-@*-!;(/!>*)!/,0!-@0!B0;L(*.7,!-*L!*)7!*..(A!B0;,!:(.!:3)0!
*7O/,-'0)-!(:!U5K&1!,(:-!>()-.(8,F!
!
N^F! U3,>())0>-!-@0!U66!*)7!>8(,0!3-,!Z+F!
!
N_F! Q*/)>@!*)7!./)!-@0!Y+!&QZ+[!++!W,>388(,>(20!Z+F!
!
N%F! [0-!/2!-@0!,>(20!20.!-@0!2.(>07/.0!3)!&120.3'0)-!N!A3-@!-@0!:(88(A3)E!>@*)E0,b!
!
! P@*))08!$!P(/283)E!>()-.(8!-(!-@0!UP!2(,3-3()!3),-0*7!(:!5P!
! P@*))08!$![>*80!>()-.(8!-(!-@0!?$$'Zc73=!2(,3-3()!3),-0*7!(:!NZc73=!
! K.3EE0.!Q0=08!>()-.(8!-(!-@0!NZ!2(,3-3()!3),-0*7!(:!$Z!
!
N`F! 57O/,-!-@0!,>(20<,!K3'0L*,0!>()-.(8!-(!=30A!()8;!-A(!(.!,(!>;>80,!(:!-@0!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8F!
!
#$F! 57O/,-!-@0!5770.!'(7/80<,!,(:-!a!>()-.(8!-(!(L-*3)!*!NZ292!,3)0A*=0F!
!

!
&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! %9?!
!
#NF! 5>-3=*-0!-@0!,>(20<,!P@*))08!N!3)2/-!-(!=30A!L(-@!-@0!'0,,*E0!*)7!-@0!'(7/8*-07!
>*..30.F!
!
>$2B*7<$7C@!+:!-@0!,>(20<,![>*80!>()-.(8!:(.!P@*))08!N!3,!,0-!-(!-@0!NZc73=!2(,3-3()G!-@0!
,>(20!,@(/87!)(A!73,28*;!*)!56!,3E)*8!A3-@!0)=08(20,!-@*-!*.0!-@0!,*'0!,@*20!*)7!,3D0!
*,!-@0!'0,,*E0F!+:!)(-G!>8(,0!*88!A3)7(A,G!>@0>B!;(/.!A3.3)E!-@0)!.020*-!-@0!2.(>0,,!
,-*.-3)E!:.('![-02!_F!
!
!
K@0!,0-9/2!3)!M3E/.0!#!()!-@0!2.0=3(/,!2*E0!>*)!L0!.02.0,0)-07!L;!-@0!L8(>B!73*E.*'!3)!M3E/.0!
T!L08(AF!+-!E0)0.*-0,!*!N$$BCD!>*..30.!-@*-!3,!*'283-/70!'(7/8*-07!L;!*!#BCD!,3)0A*=0!
'0,,*E0F!
!
!
!

60,,*E0
K(!PC!$
5 d
56!,3E)*8
#BCD K(!PC!N
\ X
N$$BCD
>*..30.

!
!
!
8&91%$*D*
!

!
%9^! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!
!
43%)*E*,*F$70G$%&(9*)<$*'$6639$*16&(9*3(*$(G$20#$*/$)$7)0%*
!
##F! 6(73:;!-@0!,0-9/2!*,!,@(A)!3)!M3E/.0!]!L08(AF!!
!
F$'$'H$%@!U(--07!83)0,!,@(A!80*7,!*8.0*7;!3)!28*>0F!
!
!
!
MASTER FUNCTION ADDER MULTIPLIER UTILITIES
SIGNALS GENERATOR
COMPARATOR
REF

DC SCOPE
X 10VDC
AC 7Vrm s max

DC CH 0
ANALOG I/ O Y IN OUT
100kHz AC
SINE RECTIFIER
ACH1 DAC1 kXY
100kHz G
COS
CH 1
MULTIPLIER
100kHz A
DIGITAL DIODE & RC LPF
8kHz ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL VARIABLE DC X DC
2kHz
DIGITAL + RC LPF
2kHz g
SINE
B GA+gB Y DC kXY

!
!
8&91%$*I*
!
!
K@0!*773-3(),!-(!-@0!,0-9/2!>*)!L0!.02.0,0)-07!L;!-@0!L8(>B!73*E.*'!3)!M3E/.0!?!L08(AF!5,!;(/!
>*)!,00G!3-<,!-@0!0)=08(20!70-0>-(.!0128*3)07!3)!-@0!2.083'3)*.;!73,>/,,3()F!
!
!
!
!
K(!PC!N

56 JP U0'(7/8*-07
J0>-3:30.
,3E)*8 QRM 56!,3E)*8

!
!
8&91%$*J*
!

!
&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! %9_!
!
#TF! 57O/,-!-@0!,>(20<,![>*80!*)7!K3'0L*,0!>()-.(8,!-(!*22.(2.3*-0!,0--3)E,!:(.!-@0!,3E)*8,F!
!
#]F! U.*A!-@0!-A(!A*=0:(.',!-(!,>*80!3)!-@0!,2*>0!2.(=3707!L08(A!80*=3)E!.(('!-(!7.*A!*!
-@3.7!A*=0:(.'F!
!
;&#@!U.*A!-@0!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8!3)!-@0!/220.!-@3.7!(:!-@0!E.*2@!*)7!-@0!.0>-3:307!56!,3E)*8!
3)!-@0!'37780!-@3.7F!
!
#?F! U3,>())0>-!-@0!,>(20<,!P@*))08!N!3)2/-!:.('!-@0!J0>-3:30.<,!(/-2/-!*)7!>())0>-!3-!-(!-@0!
JP!QRM<,!(/-2/-!3),-0*7F!
!
#^F! U.*A!-@0!70'(7/8*-07!56!,3E)*8!-(!,>*80!3)!-@0!,2*>0!-@*-!;(/!80:-!()!-@0!E.*2@!2*20.F!
!
!
!

!
%9%! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!
!
K1$6)&0(*:*
S@*-!3,!-@0!.08*-3(),@32!L0-A00)!-@0!(.3E3)*8!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8!*)7!-@0!.0>(=0.07!
'0,,*E0e!

!
!
!
43%)*L*,*M(G$6)&93)&(9*)<$*'$6639$N6*3'#2&)1/$*0(*)<$*%$70G$%$/*'$6639$*
!
#_F! Z*.;!-@0!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8<,!*'283-/70!/2!*)7!7(A)!*!83--80!HL;!-/.)3)E!-@0!5770.!'(7/80<,!
,(:-!a!>()-.(8!80:-!*)7!.3E@-!*!83--80I!A@380!A*->@3)E!-@0!70'(7/8*-07!,3E)*8F!
!
!
K1$6)&0(*A*
S@*-!3,!-@0!.08*-3(),@32!L0-A00)!-@0!*'283-/70!(:!-@0!-A(!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8,e!

!
!
#%F! [8(A8;!3)>.0*,0!-@0!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8<,!*'283-/70!-(!'*13'/'!A@380!A*->@3)E!-@0!
70'(7/8*-07!,3E)*8F!
!
!
K1$6)&0(*D*
S@*-!7(!;(/!-@3)B!>*/,0,!-@0!@0*=;!73,-(.-3()!(:!-@0!70'(7/8*-07!,3E)*8e!;&#@!+:!
;(/<.0!)(-!,/.0G!>())0>-!-@0!,>(20<,!P@*))08!$!3)2/-!-(!-@0!56!'(7/8*-(.<,!(/-2/-F!

!
!
K1$6)&0(*I*
S@;!7(0,!(=0.9'(7/8*-3()!>*/,0!-@0!73,-(.-3()e!

!
&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! %9`!
!
!
!
43%)*O*,*;%3(6'&))&(9*3(/*%$70G$%&(9*6#$$7<*16&(9*-.*
K@3,!0120.3'0)-!@*,!,0-!/2!*)!56!>(''/)3>*-3()!,;,-0'!-(!f-.*),'3-g!*!'0,,*E0!-@*-!3,!*!
#BCD!,3)0A*=0F!K@0!)01-!2*.-!(:!-@0!0120.3'0)-!80-,!;(/!/,0!-@0!,0-9/2!-(!'(7/8*-0G!-.*),'3-G!
70'(7/8*-0!*)7!83,-0)!-(!,200>@F!
!
#`F! +:!;(/!'(=07!-@0!,>(20<,!P@*))08!$!3)2/-!-(!@082!;(/!*),A0.!h/0,-3()!]G!.0>())0>-!3-!-(!
-@0!5770.!'(7/80<,!(/-2/-F!
!
T$F! J0-/.)!-@0!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8<,!*'283-/70!-(!NZ22!HL;!*7O/,-3)E!-@0!5770.!'(7/80<,!,(:-!a!
>()-.(8IF!
!
TNF! 6(73:;!-@0!,0-9/2!*,!,@(A)!3)!M3E/.0!^!L08(AF!
!
!
!
MASTER FUNCTION ADDER MULTIPLIER UTILITIES
SIGNALS GENERATOR
COMPARATOR
REF

DC
X SCOPE
AC 10VDC
7Vrms max
DC
ANALOG I/ O Y
CH 0
IN OUT
100kHz AC
SINE RECTIFIER
ACH1 DAC1 G kXY
100kHz
COS MULTIPLIER CH 1
100kHz A
DIGITAL DIODE & RC LPF
8kHz ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL VARIABLE DC
X DC
2kHz
DIGITAL + RC LPF
2kHz g
SINE
B GA+gB Y DC kXY

SEQUENCE NOISE
GENERATOR GENERATOR
LINE
CODE
O
0dB
1
OO NRZ-L -6dB
SYNC
O1 Bi-O
1O RZ-AMI -20dB
11 NRZ-M

X
AMPLIFIER
Y
CLK
SPEECH
GAIN

GND IN OUT

GND

!
8&91%$*P*

!
%9N$! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!
!
T#F! [0-!-@0!,>(20<,!K3'0L*,0!>()-.(8!-(!-@0!#',c73=!2(,3-3()F!
!
TTF! K/.)!-@0!5'283:30.!'(7/80<,!,(:-!a*3)!>()-.(8!:/88;!*)-39>8(>BA3,0F!
!
T]F! S3-@(/-!A0*.3)E!-@0!@0*72@()0,G!28/E!-@0'!3)-(!-@0!5'283:30.!'(7/80<,!@0*72@()0!
,(>B0-F!
!
T?F! R/-!-@0!@0*72@()0,!()F!
!
T^F! 5,!;(/!20.:(.'!-@0!)01-!,-02G!,0-!-@0!5'283:30.!'(7/80<,!,(:-!a*3)!>()-.(8!-(!*!
>(':(.-*L80!,(/)7!80=08F!
!
T_F! C/'!*)7!-*8B!3)-(!-@0!'3>.(2@()0!A@380!A*->@3)E!-@0!,>(20<,!73,28*;!*)7!83,-0)3)E!()!-@0!
@0*72@()0,F!
!
!
!

5,B!-@0!3),-./>-(.!-(!>@0>B
;(/.!A(.B!L0:(.0!>()-3)/3)EF
!
!
!
!
43%)*!*,*;<$*'3)<$'3)&76*0B*-.*/$'0/123)&0(*
56!70'(7/8*-3()!>*)!L0!/)70.,-((7!'*-@0'*-3>*88;!L0>*/,0!3-!3,!/,0,!'/8-3283>*-3()!-(!
.02.(7/>0!-@0!(.3E3)*8!'0,,*E0F!K(!0128*3)G!.0>*88!-@*-!A@0)!-A(!2/.0!,3)0A*=0,!*.0!'/8-328307!
-(E0-@0.!H*!'*-@0'*-3>*8!2.(>0,,!-@*-!)0>0,,*.38;!3)=(8=0,!,('0!-.3E()('0-.;!-@*-!3,!)(-!
,@(A)!@0.0I!-@0!.0,/8-!E3=0,!-A(!>('280-08;!)0A!,3)0A*=0,b!
!
! W)0!A3-@!*!:.0i/0)>;!0i/*8!-(!-@0!,/'!(:!-@0!-A(!,3E)*8,<!:.0i/0)>30,!

! W)0!A3-@!*!:.0i/0)>;!0i/*8!-(!-@0!73::0.0)>0!L0-A00)!-@0!-A(!,3E)*8,<!:.0i/0)>30,!
!
K@0!0)=08(20!70-0>-(.!A(.B,!L0>*/,0!-@0!.0>-3:30.!3,!*!70=3>0!-@*-!'/8-32830,!*88!,3E)*8,!()!3-,!
()0!3)2/-!A3-@!0*>@!(-@0.F!W.73)*.38;G!-@3,!3,!*!)/3,*)>0!L/-!)(-!:(.!*2283>*-3(),!83B0!56!
70'(7/8*-3()F!J0>*88!-@*-!*)!56!,3E)*8!>(),3,-,!(:!*!>*..30.G!-@0!>*..30.!28/,!-@0!'0,,*E0!*)7!
-@0!>*..30.!'3)/,!-@0!'0,,*E0F![(G!A@0)!*)!56!,3E)*8!3,!>())0>-07!-(!*!.0>-3:30.<,!3)2/-G!
'*-@0'*-3>*88;!-@0!.0>-3:30.<,!>.(,,!'/8-3283>*-3()!(:!*88!(:!3-,!,3)0A*=0,!8((B,!83B0b!
!
!
J0>-3:30.<,!(/-2/-!j!>*..30.!k!H>*..30.!l!'0,,*E0I!k!H>*..30.!4!'0,,*E0I!
!

!
&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! %9NN!
!
+:!-@0!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8!/,07!-(!E0)0.*-0!-@0!56!,3E)*8!3,!*!,3'280!,3)0A*=0!-@0)G!A@0)!-@0!
0i/*-3()!*L(=0!3,!,(8=07G!-@0!.0>-3:30.!(/-2/-,!,31!,3)0A*=0,!*-!-@0!:(88(A3)E!:.0i/0)>30,b!
!
! P*..30.!l!H>*..30.!l!'0,,*E0I!

! P*..30.!l!H>*..30.!9!'0,,*E0I!
! H>*..30.!l!'0,,*E0I!l!H>*..30.!9!'0,,*E0I!
! P*..30.!9!H>*..30.!l!'0,,*E0I!A@3>@!,3'283:30,!-(!O/,-!-@0!'0,,*E0!

! P*..30.!9!H>*..30.!9!'0,,*E0I!A@3>@!*8,(!,3'283:30,!-(!O/,-!-@0!'0,,*E0!
! H>*..30.!l!'0,,*E0I!9!H>*..30.!9!'0,,*E0I!
!
!
K(!'*B0!-@3,!*!83--80!'(.0!'0*)3)E:/8G!80-<,!7(!*)!01*'280!A3-@!)/'L0.,F!K@0!56!'(7/8*-(.!
-@*-!;(/!,0-!/2!*-!-@0!L0E3))3)E!(:!-@3,!0120.3'0)-!/,0,!*!N$$BCD!>*..30.!*)7!*!#BCD!'0,,*E0!
HA3-@!*!UP!>('2()0)-IF![(G!-@0!.0,/8-3)E!56!,3E)*8!>(),3,-,!(:!-@.00!,3)0A*=0,b!()0!*-!N$$BCDG!
*)(-@0.!*-!N$#BCD!*)7!*!-@3.7!*-!`%BCDF!!K*L80!N!L08(A!,@(A,!A@*-!@*220),!A@0)!-@0,0!
,3)0A*=0,!*.0!>.(,,9'/8-328307!L;!-@0!.0>-3:30.F!!
!
!
;3H2$*:* :QQCRST:QACRS* :QQCRSTU+CRS* U+CRST:QACRS*

>1'** #$#BCD! N`%BCD! #$$BCD!

O&BB$%$(7$** #BCD! #BCD! ]BCD!

!
!
Y(-3>0!-@*-!-A(!(:!-@0!,3)0A*=0,!*.0!*-!-@0!'0,,*E0!:.0i/0)>;F!+)!(-@0.!A(.7,G!-@0!'0,,*E0!
@*,!L00)!.0>(=0.07m!5)7G!*,!-@0!-A(!'0,,*E0,!*.0!3)!2@*,0G!-@0;!,3'28;!*77!-(E0-@0.!-(!'*B0!
*!,3)E80!L3EE0.!'0,,*E0F!!
!
+'2(.-*)-8;G!A0!7()<-!A*)-!-@0!(-@0.!)()9'0,,*E0!,3)0A*=0,!,(G!-(!.0O0>-!-@0'!L/-!B002!-@0!
'0,,*E0G!-@0!.0>-3:30.<,!(/-2/-!3,!,0)-!-(!*!8(A92*,,!:38-0.F!+70*88;G!-@0!:38-0.<,!(/-2/-!A388!()8;!
>(),3,-!(:!-@0!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8F!K@0!>@*)>0,!(:!-@3,!>*)!L0!3'2.(=07!L;!'*B3)E!-@0!>*..30.<,!
:.0i/0)>;!'/>@!@3E@0.!-@*)!-@0!@3E@0,-!:.0i/0)>;!3)!-@0!'0,,*E0F!K@3,!3)!-/.)!'*B0,!-@0!
:.0i/0)>;!(:!-@0!f,/''07g!,3E)*8,!'/>@!@3E@0.!*)7!0*,30.!:(.!-@0!8(A92*,,!:38-0.!-(!.0O0>-F!
!
n5,!*)!*,370G!-@0!]BCD!,3)0A*=0!-@*-!A*,!E0)0.*-07!A(/87!2*,,!-@.(/E@!-@0!8(A92*,,!:38-0.!*,!
A088!*)7!L0!2.0,0)-!()!3-,!(/-2/-!*8()E!A3-@!-@0!#BCD!,3E)*8F!K@3,!3,!3)>()=0)30)-!*,!3-!3,!*!
,3E)*8!-@*-!A*,!)(-!2.0,0)-!3)!-@0!(.3E3)*8!'0,,*E0F!Q/>B38;G!*,!-@0!,3E)*8!A*,!E0)0.*-07!L;!
'/8-328;3)E!-@0!,370L*)7,G!3-,!*'283-/70!3,!'/>@!8(A0.!-@*)!-@0!.0>(=0.07!'0,,*E0!*)7!>*)!L0!
3E)(.07Fo!
!
5)!*8'(,-!370)-3>*8!'*-@0'*-3>*8!2.(>0,,!>*)!L0!'(708807!/,3)E!-@0!&'()*!U5K&1!'(7/80<,!
6/8-32830.!'(7/80F!C(A0=0.G!3),-0*7!(:!'/8-328;3)E!-@0!56!,3E)*8<,!,3)0A*=0,!A3-@!0*>@!(-@0.!
H-@0!6/8-32830.!'(7/80!7(0,)<-!7(!-@3,IG!-@0;<.0!'/8-328307!A3-@!*!8(>*88;!E0)0.*-07!N$$BCD!
,3)0A*=0F!K@0!)01-!2*.-!(:!-@3,!0120.3'0)-!80-,!;(/!70'(7/8*-0!*)!56!,3E)*8!-@3,!A*;F!

!
%9N#! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!
!
T%F! J0-/.)!-@0!,>(20<,!K3'0L*,0!>()-.(8!-(!3-,!0*.830.!,0--3)E!H2.(L*L8;!#$$p,c73=IF!
!
T`F! U3,>())0>-!-@0!0)=08(20!70-0>-(.!*)7!'(73:;!-@0!,0-9/2!-(!.0-/.)!3-!-(!O/,-!*)!56!
'(7/8*-(.!A3-@!*!#BCD!,3)0A*=0!:(.!-@0!'0,,*E0!*,!,@(A)!3)!M3E/.0!_!L08(AF!
!
!

MASTER FUNCTION ADDER MULTIPLIER


SIGNALS GENERATOR

DC
X SCOPE
AC 10VDC
7Vrm s m ax
DC
ANALOG I/ O CH 0
Y
10 0kHz AC
SINE
ACH1 DAC1 G kXY
10 0kHz
COS MULTIPLIER CH 1
10 0kHz A
DIGITAL
8 kHz ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL VARIABLE DC
X DC
2 kHz
DIGITAL +
2 kHz g
SINE
B GA+gB Y DC kXY

!
!
!
8&91%$*V*
!
!
]$F! 6(73:;!-@0!,0-9/2!*,!,@(A)!3)!M3E/.0!%!L08(AF!!
!
!
!
MASTER FUNCTION ADDER MULTIPLIER UTILITIES
SIGNALS GENERATOR
COMPARATOR
REF

DC
X SCOPE
AC 10VDC
7Vrms m ax
DC
ANALOG I/ O CH 0
Y IN OUT
100kHz AC
SINE RECTIFIER
ACH1 DAC1 G kXY
100kHz
COS MULTIPLIER CH 1
100kHz A
DIGITAL DIODE & RC LPF
8kHz ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL VARIABLE DC X DC
2kHz
DIGITAL + RC LPF
2kHz g
SINE
B GA+gB Y DC kXY

!
!
8&91%$*+*
!

!
&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! %9NT!
!
K@0!*773-3(),!-(!-@0!,0-9/2!3)!M3E/.0!%!()!-@0!2.0=3(/,!2*E0!>*)!L0!.02.0,0)-07!L;!-@0!L8(>B!
73*E.*'!3)!M3E/.0!`!L08(AF!K@0!6/8-32830.!'(7/80!'(708,!-@0!'*-@0'*-3>*8!L*,3,!(:!56!
70'(7/8*-3()!*)7!-@0!JP!Q(A92*,,!:38-0.!()!-@0!V-383-30,!'(7/80!23>B,!(/-!-@0!'0,,*E0!A@380!
.0O0>-3)E!-@0!(-@0.!,3)0A*=0,!E0)0.*-07F!
!
!
K(!PC!N

X U0'(7/8*-07
56!,3E)*8
56!,3E)*8

d
N$$BCD
8(>*8!>*..30.

!
!
8&91%$*U*
!
!
]NF! P('2*.0!-@0!6/8-32830.!'(7/80<,!(/-2/-!A3-@!-@0!J0>-3:30.<,!(/-2/-!-@*-!;(/!7.0A!0*.830.!
H,00!2*E0!%9%IF!
!
!
K1$6)&0(*J*
a3=0)!-@0!56!,3E)*8!HA@3>@!>(),3,-,!(:!N$$BCDG!N$#BCD!*)7!`%BCD!,3)0A*=0,I!3,!L03)E!
'/8-328307!L;!*!N$$BCD!,3)0A*=0b!
!
5I!C(A!'*);!,3)0A*=0,!*.0!2.0,0)-!3)!-@0!6/8-32830.!'(7/80<,!(/-2/-e!
\I!S@*-!*.0!-@03.!:.0i/0)>30,e!

!
!
]#F! U3,>())0>-!-@0!,>(20<,!P@*))08!N!3)2/-!:.('!-@0!6/8-32830.!'(7/80<,!(/-2/-!*)7!>())0>-!
3-!-(!-@0!JP!QRM<,!(/-2/-!3),-0*7F!
!
]TF! P('2*.0!-@0!JP!QRM<,!(/-2/-!A3-@!-@0!'0,,*E0!*)7!-@0!(/-2/-!JP!QRM<,!-@*-!;(/!7.0A!
0*.830.!H,00!2*E0!%9%IF!

!
%9N]! "!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,!!!!!!!!!!&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!
!
!
!
5!>(''()!'3,>()>02-3()!*L(/-!56!3,!-@*-G!()>0!-@0!,3E)*8!3,!(=0.9'(7/8*-07G!3-<,!3'2(,,3L80!-(!
.0>(=0.!-@0!'0,,*E0F!C(A0=0.G!A@0)!-@0!56!,3E)*8!3,!E0)0.*-07!/,3)E!*)!370*8!(.!)0*.9370*8!
'(7/8*-(.!H83B0!M3E/.0!TI!-@3,!3,!()8;!-./0!:(.!-@0!0)=08(20!70-0>-(.F!!
!
K@0!56!70'(7/8*-3()!'0-@(7!L03)E!3'280'0)-07!3)!-@3,!2*.-!(:!-@0!0120.3'0)-!H>*8807!
2.(7/>-!70-0>-3()!4!-@(/E@!3-!3,!'(.0!*>>/.*-0!-(!>*88!3-!2.(7/>-!70'(7/8*-3()I!7(0,)<-!,/::0.!
:.('!-@3,!2.(L80'!*,!3-<,!)(-!70,3E)07!-(!.0>(=0.!-@0!'0,,*E0!L;!-.*>B3)E!()0!(:!-@0!56!
,3E)*8<,!0)=08(20,F!K@0!:3)*8!2*.-!(:!-@3,!0120.3'0)-!70'(),-.*-0,!-@3,F!
!
!
]]F! P())0>-!-@0!,>(20<,!P@*))08!$!-(!-@0!56!'(7/8*-(.<,!(/-2/-F!
!
]?F! [0-!-@0!,>(20<,!K.3EE0.!Q0=08!-(!$ZF!
!
?0)$@!K@0!,>(20!A388!8(,0!-.3EE0.3)E!L/-!-@0!73,28*;!A388!L0!*70i/*-0!:(.!-@0!)01-!,-02,F!
!
]^F! [8(A8;!3)>.0*,0!-@0!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8<,!*'283-/70!-(!2.(7/>0!*!)0*.!N$$q!'(7/8*-07!56!
,3E)*8!L;!*7O/,-3)E!-@0!5770.!'(7/80<,!,(:-!a!>()-.(8F!
!
?0)$@!J0,3D0!-@0!56!*)7!70'(7/8*-07!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8,!()!-@0!,>.00)!*,!)0>0,,*.;F!
!
]_F! [8(A8;!3)>.0*,0!-@0!'0,,*E0!,3E)*8<,!*'283-/70!-(!2.(7/>0!*)!56!,3E)*8!-@*-!3,!
'(7/8*-07!L;!'(.0!-@*)!N$$q!A@380!2*;3)E!>8(,0!*--0)-3()!-(!-@0!70'(7/8*-07!'0,,*E0!
,3E)*8F!
!
!
5,!*)!*,370G!-@0!>(''0.>3*8!3'280'0)-*-3()!(:!56!'(7/8*-3()!>(''()8;!3)=(8=0,!*!P8*,,!P!
*'283:30.!:(.!0::3>30)>;!H-@*-!3,G!-(!'3)3'3,0!2(A0.!8(,,0,IF!S@0)!*!P8*,,!P!*'283:30.!3,!
(20.*-07!*-!702-@,!(:!'(7/8*-3()!*L(=0!N$$q!-@0!>3.>/3-<,!(20.*-3()!)(98()E0.!>(..0,2()7,!
A3-@!-@0!'(708!(:!*)!56!'(7/8*-(.!3)!M3E/.0!TF!+'2(.-*)-8;G!3)!*773-3()!-(!2.(7/>3)E!*)!
0)=08(20!-@*-!3,!)(-!-@0!,*'0!*,!-@0!(.3E3)*8!'0,,*E0G!-@0!(=0.9'(7/8*-07!P8*,,!P!>3.>/3-!
2.(7/>0,!01-.*!:.0i/0)>;!>('2()0)-,!3)!-@0!,20>-./'F!K@3,!'0*),!-@*-!)03-@0.!-@0!0)=08(20!
70-0>-(.!)(.!-@0!2.(7/>-!70'(7/8*-(.!>*)!.02.(7/>0!-@0!'0,,*E0!A3-@(/-!73,-(.-3()F!
!
!
!

!
&120.3'0)-!%!4!56!70'(7/8*-3()!!!!!!!!!!"!#$$%!&'()*!+),-./'0)-,! %9N?!

You might also like