Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook Ramesh Garg Prakash Bharia Inder Bahl Apisak Itipiboon Mu ‘Artech House Boston * London www.artechhouse.comoe deny ip ian ‘gs a Pint ad din se Used Sc No po Contents 11 122 123 124 13 134 132 133 faeword Protec Microstp Radiators Inseetion Advanapes and Liane of Miconip Radin Med Pind Slo Ancenat Misoap Teng Wave Antennas Feeling Technique and Modding Misonip (Copa Fee Prony (El magne) Couple! 135 Copan Woepide Ret » 28 daa Adit, Ya us LA Rabson Fe 7 281 Maral Conc, Gy us At Vasor Pen and Rin Fld 282. Maal Sacer, By a Termin » 29 Model fr Coil Pode in Misip 142 Mama Arena Cress ens a Clair 0 210. Compation f Anca! Mode nae 15 Sore Wie and Poi ony Seruerares =! a ‘Appendix 2A: Theoretical Background Caer Traneeion, 181 Sot Wee ‘ ieee = 1.52 Photonic Bandgap Structures: a ah 18 Aplin # Ayn 2: acon nn 181 Mie and Seite Conmaicons een, ant eres es fons s tr Soe 182 Rar Ane “ a 189. Pach Apps fr Maine Rete @ 2) Flee Aaa of Mires feet : 3.1 Spectra-Domain Pull-Wave Analysis 159 B BILL Inpur Impedance and Radiation EFiciency 1 a i 3.1.2 Radiation Patterns 16 22 Trnamision Line Medel oe 31.3 Numerical Evaluation of Matrix Elements 221, Sipe Tammison ie Mode 5 | loge Vue a 222 Tranaision Line Motel We Maa | 204 Bas Fncins a Cong ® 3.15. Matha! Mos Eon ” 223. Gentil Tenino Lie Mee s 2S Append Spec Dancn 224 Lowy Taio Line Mode ss $}Ehaeeo Mioip ase ws 23. Carty Mot %” 32 Met Poenl neg ution i 6 24 Gena Cay Mode ” an 25 Malt Nework Ma 103 321 Reena Gras Fon Sel 28 Raion Fels 108 c 22 Peal Gren’ Fonsi he Spe 27 Aperture Admittance 10 : Domain we = 271 Ayers Canc 6 mm 823 Ress x Pos for Sigler 272 lg Spee 8, 6 Money Sce =324. oma Eqanion Son ing Matt 432 thmet Wl snd eng 6 inet v1 123 ele ena 325 pn fhe ME Techie oe » Chico Ameer » 424 Le nk Qtr ” 31 Fiebre TeDeesin Amit 197 135, Rade mn 331, Forman of OTD 1% 138 aio Bn, 2s 332. Sain Cia m oe 5 333° Numerical Dispersion 03, 43.8 Polarization a 34 Aning Sond Canons ms ye = 395, nad Se Moeng a tag eet a 336 scan of Frqumey Demin 4M) to Fe Sa Gd ae » Donia Daa a7 4312 Compuer ned Doign = 337 Propaation in a Micros Line 20 44 Tales Ais of Recor - 338 Applications of she FDTD Technique a Chime Ameee m1 45 Nach Tsing of Pach Anew 30 = 481 Med Tag Ug San 3 ‘ito nthe Spc Demi a 452, edna Tm oo Sig 0: Monet Math Sion 21 452° Mil Tig ings Atte are 0s arn 2 Deon Pat 48 Quen Resp Pach Gres anes a oe 296 yn 20: Nem Eton 481 QuaeeWae Pach Wb tring P38 of Scr nd Vr Pune 452. Soca Quer Wie Anes m1 Rete Nees na 4 hectpl MrosipAnanne cs Dk on fing nas a AT tncroduction 51 otroduction Bi? 42 Mote for Rca Pash Anes 52 Amin of Ch Dak Micoip 421 Tani Ln Mal seme a 422 Choy Mal Se 521. Goiy od me 43. eign Conds fr Recap 522, Mode Mani Wis lps Adios 39 eae we 523 Generalized Transmission Line Model 481 Shoe Sion % toe Car Bak a18 at a2 ez 822 as as ear aaa 343. sag es 85 852 853 86 a6 Compare of Slt Annas With Recess CiralartyPaariod Microsip ‘iennas and Technine Ion ‘aro Types of Ciclly Plain Prin Anan Mera atch Ancaas Othe Types of Grey Plaid Sigy Fe Cialis! Mi RetangleType Crcly Pood Mar Atenas ict Polied Cree Micosip ‘Arsene Dal Ohogonl Fed Cay Polar ern Anes “The Quacte Hybed The BOD Hyd “The Wilkin Power Divider ‘The TJuntion Power Diver Design Procedure irc Plain Teaeing Wave Masosp Line Ary amp Line Anns and Cask Type Micron Line Antena (Chain Aston Sauare Lop-Type Miossp Line Bandi Eaancement Techniques slain of Wide Band Mirosip 488 2 3 ws 4 500 sas ‘0s ery sis 8 59) so ‘0 sa sy ou a6 93 oa oat 942 ous 85 est 952 ona 38 961 962 a ry 01 102 103 vost 032 Segunily Rotel Aa Reece Brathandig of Mirostip Autennas __ Weedon ects of Sue Parmeter 08 Bande Selon of Sable Pach Skape Selection of Sui Feeding Tesnigue Apere Coup Micioeip Annas “Traneninion Line Medal of Aperture Coping Medal Expansion Model of Aperse Coupling Mulimeding Tecbiquc roading Ung Siked lames Bradbunding Using Colas Parse Elsner (Other Mubioding Tecigus rhe Broadband Tehniues Iimpatance Marching Resi Laing Malfeguency Opetston Refenee Leaded Micrstip Antennas and ‘Applications Tnmducion Poin Divetsty Using Miconip Frueny Ale Mcp Antennas Varco Tuned Miosip Antennas ‘Opt Taning of Pach Aetanss 4 ss 70 16 8 sso 33 se 86 a 91 595 595, 88104 Raion Paar Conf Mcp 113. Theo ant in of Ace tg en » Msc Anes Ovo o 105 Longo ton ”» 131. One Ae nme Mico 5.1 Stoning Pina ihe Rading Edge ar Aavenaa Oxon “ 132 fate Pach Aer Inept 1052 Sion Pinon th Cone Line of Pach oO Dies — 1133 Ae Pach Ane nepal Wh 106 Cnpu Pach Antena or ater oe - 1081 Coup nul Pod Anemss 1A Trot Dip of ae nega 1062 Compu Cela Pel Antena «1 Mrs Ant Apion 7 Py cece = WAL Anis and Deg of Ae log Maw Anca Angie on Ve epee fn W142 Specified Gain Active Integrated 1081 Duerny Sorel Pach Aven Micoip Arcane pir Design 700 1082 Du Fer Dua inet Poe 1143 tow Nate Ae lng Miesp Micon na on ‘ico hier Deen 706 1083 Dal eqn Cay Pris 115 Fee Coneron Ae Ig Mima tn es Miso Acs Thy nd 184 Dual Circularly Potarieed Microstrip Design 7 con as 1151. Operon! Pcl o Tansondace 109 Dusl-Frequency Compact Microstrip: ao bial Rees or 152. SaOnstning Mier Ate neg 108) Rta Ded Anes 7 Meo m 1082 SlorLoaded Dus. Freuency Antennas os — 1093 Daeg PIA as "2 ga Wii . —— a Antena Anos _m * 121 Introduction 79 ee 122 Pala Sta Fe Syms ms 111 nti rs TRE Pd er One and Te a 12. Gain of eg @ 1222 Ses Feg of Mii re 2 vias Outer ‘a 123 Me Cone 2 iy ia ry N22 Amplifier Type i Y2A1 Linear Array Design With Micoip 112.3 Frequency Conversion Type 663, Patches ma - _ oe1242 Linc Ay Doge With Caps 83 Design of Mico Line Wit ca Crp Ragen ™ Sine a 1243) Daigo Combine Aas th BA Pale Sag ie Design 2 Meroe Ss m3 BS. Suip Line Deien 7 125. Dein of Paar Aris Ca 1S Soc Line Doi 186 1251 Infinite Anan of Pin Dips a BY Copan Wareile Doin 7 1252 nine Army of Reng Meosrip BUA CPW Wiis an nfinily Thick Suberue 792 = 7a 2 Grwwiafuedotenieee 7 1253 Frit Mana Arf itd Dipl 46 Oe arta 128 Monica Md Aras 0 Sd Fnte Was Ground Plans mt 1281 Devin Conderone 2 B74 CAW Wit Fre Dit Theos 1252. Any Autitetes 738 nda Cove Si mm Refoenes 736 875, Conducr Bickel CPW Wik » Cove sod we Agni Sete te Wisin a mm eee ‘Armee CPW Wihout Didtic AX. Stbirte Chance for Micenip 827 Armen m = 2 COW Wi Fie Dice ALA Ceramic Subcates 760 ah) anemetel m ANZ. Semieondor Suber 760 5 ee = 7 i BEL Syme CS With ity Tih ALA Syhate Sab 183 Shere o Ae ee ee cee 8 B82 Anmmerie CPS Wik fini Thick RIS Low Cor Low om Sars 783 Sine ™ ALT Sas Anssipy 75 B83 Asma CPS With Fite Tick 7 (A2_ Deine Stace Charis Sabre Antenne Fbion 768 1884 Symmes CPS Wk Fine Didi os Reloonss m7 Tocioee ° BAS Asymmeic CPS With nlf Wide ype 8 Desig of Planar stp iad ‘anon Une and Line Desig oo Uiscontnaes m 89. Coupled Misosip Lino D ™ B11 Nisoip Line Dag 77 B10 Cop Sip Line Desen 2 Supe and Inverted Micosip Line B11 Chanceaton of Dicointisn seo Doe i Mon Lines aerp tun ec nt BALI Open Ends 00 B12 Gps in Micesip Line os BIS Nock 5 BING Sepia With 6 BAS Bends in Minin 0 BIS Symmae TJuncions 07 B.IL7 ShontCieied Pou in Mice a BIB Stoned Eads a B12 Open-End Dison in Cola Foreword Miconp ine a0 Reiences a0 For the past 20 yeas ve bee using oaks writen by vse aor, ot ‘About the Authors m3 ss etook for my nae a the Unive a Man anda dein guider — = fee miromive cian antenna, desopment an cron Index m sy conning pace. So marly 1m quite honored sl gy to be ‘lo owe 3 foreword for hi ne bok on ron nena “Two af hte autor, Dr Bal snd Bhar, wee the fie bok on sizop antenna in 1980. That bok a eno ri fr oe ine, baer corded dsc and wiely ed y thee ho sl ase # copy. Davin the we decadence te fl a matted sir, ands mbes of ter tes om mica anerar,witen by diferent ston, and ome ‘pecze teus menung saow apes of micosrp awenat ich 2 Compoteranined doign cnr or brndbending. ine alo appeted pees eomrehenive tron the je ha aor appented ora ine tnd ths bok ils thar ned find that the autos have ben ver hough in pang eet don. To ar wih one nerds fad underanding of mic ines ‘te planar eanimion Tiny, which ae aed ated Te thor covet (hoe in an appendix whee he move cet and up t-diedesign eine We preset Net one nel 0undeand uate frantenns baion Ind opin ese ae wel over in sepa spends Beyond hi he 12 ‘hap onthe principal opi of icons cover sual af he Salublembjer mawer in very one and exy-undesand fin Felining ae by the desc or rere, (Chapel eove de advange imiason confining gies splconsn = gener fakin. Opec nee the eae Of sutee wats Chaps 2nd 3 de ino the pesca anata td1 flow by diel chute on desig and ana of rectangle ‘angus doe ncana The coven dee wl compe andy ‘mae The sec alowed saber of ape ding ih pec ssp of miesp aera sch a et polaran, broadening, nd Tete snd active ata ann mith the Ba hapten om sr ‘Owe od tha the bok wel abcd a et th mera in depo le poids equate reece fr low congrite the ‘threo eh Iam ele wl be ae cry and il be ‘wal eave ad wed bythe mon antena amin fay Ys Dr. L. Shfi Profesor, Uno of Mento Wome, Conde Preface Micon amenoas con of ch of mealation om «rounded subrate ‘Thee alow prfie,ighwsghanenns ost sible for aropce ad bile spicatany, Beaune of the lon powes handing capita ‘Mremur an be wed in leper tanraing a rein pins ‘Miron anes have naa consol ang the as 25 es and many af intone ave ben ovreome: An neeing development is ect we of spear capi fod the amen, Th spe of fed operant low ps separation ofthe wo fants and the we of ‘puta sear the radar and amin ie The charac Frmcsip amen can be sigisnlyisprve by sig veld Sucre i thick brats an ow pemiiy mei A presen, 4 ‘nda of hou 65% hs ten chic "Grice wn popauion i tppmed io besser inking cor at ing eins, ppe eueny of persion cos-emping and een. How ‘Sets pblnr bao een deel hough he wef pron and Srocues The rca abaned by pv afing of brat, ‘iiutip amen nea enenion of mits ces. This ee ‘ie tence tg active seteanasn which cit antons rc Ercged wah the amen fnson wo rode compas tamer and inspiral power combine torre power tats fala dove by ofthe atene apc or lit lk mabe communications, ‘Nic lcalarer peor snd 0 on, nose contra on compas {Ti equcng operon fucny agli, ation conta adation at ten comet soon Tho faons ca be achieved BY stably ing Simple micoip aseant and heme ede atenas ae becoming or ‘onmonly‘Themis ntenm sacs becoming complex doch inbetene inhomogcciy of the dec matrs ek dayel dile sne ‘re evn loading of the aubrae t preantstace wave pee uplng ofthe fed he seen to acd oigaton i chee lager bndwithlodiogof the mean she died nent characte {So andinepion of eur fancione wih antenna tcc ave hep pace wit he adeancrs decribed above, The sai of comple microns anenna sing falls technic uch thei qutionaproach snd FDTD, hive maul sles and erat that ‘a beran on eon compute ieee. The roe x aes ‘scale ses ese soe tds hold be el ese {nd recrch des. Organization ofthe Book “This project ane wi the eof producing 2 reed ation ofthe ey op took Misip Aree by Inder Bab and Prk Baia, Daring {hs exc became appre het theo scare of the Bok oa no ‘be mainaind eet the neraton exten nthe aren of mic sean nce the plain of theo bok in 1980. Ding the pti ‘ine then, the eof mic neon bee elie a mbes no ‘lil and flee recges were ined em Reig chur Icame salable and miso ace anton revved the ido ane The fc of hs bok cl on desig informaon andthe dso ss mae mph sone dag spaces that ave ang ie ong the flare eechiques Our of the aout mode salable wat ft "ha the cay model smal ood compromieBemeen aun and ‘ompleiy Ar oul the ds sypronche fr aia menses ete od ths mode. Whee design eqns re salable thy ined Toh heer This proach bell be wre for degre indy walla fr binges a. The saya and llevar chai: ‘edecttedindeta tebe the wr dv son bckgoundin mip eco Theil frat of the bok eth vey sent tha fst pla bol by che author, Mima ing nd Sli Thebock uoraizdin 12 chaprescoveringvarom amplicon toceane ane techiguesprominess anna spe sich a cetnglt ches, er poten eranglt pcs, ply hd ns Geary ola fl aici bade sd active veal) aca branding th igus and ary antennas. The sabe mare commen fo vos ep OF rr™™™rCmC “&©w— rw r™™™C™6™ryC™r™™™™™™™™™S™™r™T™CTCTU™™—"——r=—=——_—_—si_saeadrnrrsd Pfc teas is inde inthe inductor cape and in he apendins on Suis and onthe dino planar asm ies “Theme antenna ined in Chap This caper dees the chances of micron antenna ac hit avg ia tons and their moraplonin communion ad ade a roe, 2 corpution of th varius Fin techni anon menial ‘alton of ralinion Fis and arc wae Sure mae props st “srupper into the capailiy of miconipatenu, The ws of poore bandgap src 3 ren sewer tht role ad alo diced ‘Chapter 2 de ihe paid for sep ent sali “These me atthe lackone of atenm design eae ed on the eu lent magnetic arent adn fomustion Te mde ned a ape easmision line nd cviey models the mpova and ened ern, ‘helo cansmison ine model Vial comple eso hee mae te nce vo eae 2 wer dcr noxbive ook befor deta The Iolel are compared in + guituive manor, Eqiden dens and _ecie permite For pth shapes with separ poem faethe ben of dogs “Te imitans af the anil ode in ems of pron eign, ‘ample of he anenns ed, mula configure ond etn cae af though flav ans ich dase in Caper 3. The most commonly wed rchigu, nud special demain fle ‘nals mined potential equation aay and fne-diernc ine ‘domain echnigeare decd nde About 5 ens coven pp Caton of hse einige to vase pe of mip scm ted {© povided with greater dea than cn be ered bee “The nas and eign ofthe mor commonly al coi anton, shai ecanglr a ela micoip antenna, ecu in Capes ‘End 5, especie. Considering inp the cts patch ene ts dcusedin grater det Char Al alpen den te comer calming in computer ade dg teciqs Recengt fd cer pach amen ae compared in Chaper 5. The to seat te simi harass. The anal ing micron asenne wmes t i lng bandh and is deed im Chper 5A be denon af seco of crear phe and anna ng ia incl in tas cape ‘ae emer ats ce er nen opt the Ty Dips andthe wage ncerip pc anna ae the bjt of CChaper'6.A tow vemon of the eemerfed dipole can be deed ror sbut 40% inpelenr bandwith The uate sang mony Fach anes i fam foresee olan chance: Ana of "ho antenna eh dx in Cape 6Macosip dot anes te complemen 16 ecosp diple and puch amen ad ate dace in Caper 7 Lie the puch acne Tecan cul be vanglato ol shape The mos rou So cna he pte ranean he ate otaten. Thetaperd ‘lovamecona tag nine stead produces ene ation. Fines numb of applic at limeernave fours. The ann Slr aneyn ca be tel oscil penn for mobile smmanicaons tres tala patina Be cosa cleconzly by lading the ‘hemi nae caecson Tes atenaand emits pach nica {roamed the nd of Chae 7, bee we Fd that the daca ice Smet acon soln nd a age anit ‘Cavalaly asnd isonipscear nd ecaiges a esrb in Chaper 8, Vatu oper of cir plased miosip anna ae ete Th inde sng fo and dal orthogonal fel. The eof ferwhnion onthe ena equcncy s# Sseused in dea ad the conditon Fila pluton ain. The esau fr neem he ela pliant sc cua th end ofthis capes, Asa ch Sh fur mally ving! ede ads 0 phate lerence i sexe incre the bani abou 109% wit an alos Oa aa i Suter appro soa our Ment patched sequential pyc oan andthe fd pai a rrted socal) This configuration ie ecrl a gael coated ‘One th sev lintons of micoseip antenna iis impedance bandh Teint fr dba of mrs anea ae deste I Chape 9 Tho ile the proper ice of tbe proper fg ‘eas, impelance mathing snd excitation of maple mods Hou ‘Sonn cougling Bandi wararopof cade mcrip anes Wiking pat lonkng eric ae compe a aneson a wohaoe Xtupdt by te ann Av apertecled naked eros acne ‘Satfrason othe nse sacs bean manasa. An ped ‘er bandwith shou 9% hasbeen eon ‘adem communion sem ch cove fo site ks and rma eommatcons, a fr enoigsplcaion, sah wiles ca fen nema in epee cpt anna Tw ost th adon 0 ‘Sempccihuncnnmyheegaed opovide euaplaatie, a secs In some aplions pera n to o mre dete bands Tan abi cpr of bane dtd. es pombe to achieve ame Ftv sje by aig he anes. Laing sesed in Chap To'insgencrd way toss caters ca se reduction, d= Frequency) apran,plaeion con alacan pser cont and (hem apg, The hing ss of she ad ate descr. The Pee eating re then wl avin compres dau prion dal era ta nT hag of ts caper compro of ee mp nary ped mice snteas, ® EA (ut ee mperan spe scans Some of he mp Sista csp scm ao comp “td fcc nears eed wh he arent of cote cent Inne icons ave er we del inept wih be Sree tenet bun ae iri ate ln ee mi aa Mie and ave psa fee corer Ra aeSeTef he peel esc ve cate i hap eRe aveany pct plist ad communion ‘ean edin aod oc tighyan pac rasan pl power Teese come he owen fae deve Thy a Fa al becom plein ws ormnionh, a can and compact omcne and es Digs SUENIELG ate anean enced ine pe Tei Salman of paneer ae xe in he tugs, Chap Pal ad ewok te deed ess The SEER car says wih pee oped pes 2 Ne pclae eT eignet pln rae ped i ER pt othe dee. Bot Deni i nd ite ae a re Pile Dep comcoons ad ayoece ee pc ape ached om he ed of Cle 12 ere pst son of isd penn il svt he pc ote eles ‘Acknowledgments Final, we wold eo han he eons who hie helped ws ox Raed Cen el te wo tank MeV. 5. Rely,hiroerh col, fc many cee esti fr seins meson bask an for cone anspor Teatheenunge De Bla oul kc hak Mi Jose Dun ir Re" owuning mppor in che pepuion ofthe manorpe ad Ni. Bob (Ceasar seeing si he res 2 ui a1 Microstrip Radiators 11 Introduction “The cocee of mito ators ws fat proposed by Desc 1 a 1983, Ape Inulin France in. 1955 onthe nae of Guton snd Busiot Li. Homever 29 year pred befoe pac scans wee ft fsted, Developmen during the 1970 was acne by the svaay of fod suber wth ow lu angent and strate thea and mecha Popes pened phalthopeaphic eh anther theretal mod eke fe pate antennas wae devoged by Howe [3] ad Manson If, Since hem exere ree and doelpmen of micosp antenns inary med nln he nurs sane ch ihe wet Tow ome, lw con, conformal confguin, compa wih mera ‘Sout and oo, hve de dvi pins ad the able ‘fhe op arp cy within che bond eld of mizowan nema. (Good rrien of mach ft work ea be found in (5-14. ‘Aschowa in ia 1 smn staan simplest coon conse oft raining patch on one eof dice bra (65 10), ‘Sich hea gun plane on the tree, The patch cond, somal UW caper or go, ean sure vil ay shape but regula shaper at {poerly wad o spi anayis and perfomance pretoson. Ly, de EaSine conte ofthese soa be lw (e,< 23} 0 enhance the fing fer ha Senn forthe radiation. However, ker pefrmance Iryiement may date the we of bre mere whose dete cone Stanscam be gee dn fur, Vans ype of eae bang ge tang of dle conse agent vas hve ben developed. Tht : rr | | || “|||, —-—~—ssé~F*=~—,*—*—“,“-“/-;=F-;,s,E__,_,, __,_, _ «\ecntrane Fett Mica ate otaton proper ae dite in Appeni A. Some ofthese subsea sible [Ete wich male hem sual fo confor wrap antenna. 1.11. Advaniages and Limitations of Mirosty Antennas Micatip enn hve seer aug compared conenions mico- Senne he my pans ve he a er, fangs fom “100 Mist ~100 GH Some of she prinspl advange of icon sens compa comenoal microwave ane + Ligh wig, low volume and hin rofl conguon, which an ‘eae nfm + Low fiction co: lly amenable 0 mus producion * Liner nd rr plriatns te posible wth imple ed + Daalfequnc an du-polriion acenna ca be ely mad 1 No avy backing seid 1 Can be ely ineged with microwave nepal i + Feed nes and mashing nro can be fice smuaneoay ‘wih he antenna ect, Hows, mispanenna aa have woe Lmiins compared 0 onveninal micomave senna 1 Nao bandh and aoc lence problems + Somovkat ower gin (6 dB Lage oi in the ed suc af pe May Ran : + Moe ncoip antennas aie ine apace + Compe ed cue etd fr high ermine ara + Patton pry i dil vo achieve + Poor ens radnto, xep peed slo enna, + ano asin rae ed nd jncion + Lower per handing epi (100; Redd gain and ficiency wll at unazepbly hgh level of ‘ove polfenion and maul coupling wat im aay evitorent hgh Buenos 1 Exciaion of ice nes: + Mcrosip anions bt on sbsine with igh didi nstan ee tongy pred fren nepation wh MIC REF frend cute Hwee, we of high dari conan subse iets po efteny and ao bande “There re ways 0 ine def of ome fee ination. For cuumgle tendon san be nce 10 ote han 6% Dy wing Sei ‘igus oe Chaps: 9) twer un andlowerpowerbadigtintaons ean torre ough any configsion Surface waves iiations Suds por eficiency, incre tal coupling, ede ain and aiion utendepiiaoncin be nse bye seo photo undp seats ts) 142. Radiation Mechani of « Microstip Antenna ‘Wekow hat aditon fom siping srr sino asicsip ttenn can be sede coil f he subset employed thin a Ita hig sive lec comsane [6] Radiation fom micowip Incenas on the tet bande eneurged fr beter tation fc Ther, shick berate with ow pero te sin micros ame ttm Raion fot +p stenaa can be demi fom the ld “dition eran the pth metnon and ground plane. lease. Talaon can be dee in terme the rice ce bation on he {uch meson An scute cston of he ed carne drboton Fike pruh over complied and deb in Chapter 3. However cre Sporociatins and ingle rumen cin wt derdop a wrate mode ects anenne The appoach osnted ne red on tha em aComers cri puch anenna ht hasbeen connec tc serve sue The eration ofthe ph wil eas» cage dibson Gn the ue and lowe sco the pacar el aon oe eur of rund pine Tiss shown in gure 2 fr angle pt 07). The Ste and wens ofthe cage drut arses bec te pc aos {Thal-seve long a the dominant mode. The epee fc: bere ‘hago the btm sfc ofthe ach tend pus ome care fom {he bovom sufice sounds alge, tor tp tree, The movement (fchegs cena creping cent denis Jy ard Jy rte bern nd top sue ofthe pach shown in Figre 12. For oe wicrp Scans the ri HW ery sal. Terre the are ce bere the canes dominates and mot ofthe change concentrate andthe caret How remain undened the patch, Asal tm of caren fae rund ‘Aol the pc ote soe and responsible for a weak ogo Feld angel the ees, Hence, we can make» npc sprotmasion, thr cheng magnetic Bld te nd one ca plc apt wal al ound the periphery ofthe pach. This ampson har peer aly fr ‘hin sabre with igh Al since he baer thin compared tothe wnlegt (bce) inthe ci the ld aston ng he height can be snared eo be conan the eerie Reld nel or foihe urbe ofthe puch Consent the puch en be ode aati srk lec allen he ler eld iat arate patch srt) be op and lw and four apne walle ng the ee of the pach (bec she tngesil mags eld every weak) Oniy TM mater ae abl in hi ci. The der el debut forthe dana TMs ode af the cy i pled in Fig 13 “The our sido of the cy repre fur nat apes o sor trough nich radian ke pace: ig the Hgen eld ane pi flesh micrstp prc an be represented by an equals cures densiy Urs the top suc 0 acu fo the pence patch clean. The ve. i A Fe 12 Chae rbot on 9 ma tne Fn (1 se wy Spread tii) Mersip Rl : Fore 13 Gh nl abn rT ote mire en [01 © 10 Jn Wie erste imprison Sour est ae epee by the ose cee dese J, and Covraponig to he magica lc ls and Ey, respecte ‘Beso, The quale sent ac shown in Fig 1 nde pen by Jovani, cs Maxey ay a thin abst twas shown thc the path cuenta he op Ji ouch alert Js the cen at he Botm Ie wl be at 0 ete Toindcate neh raion fro the oc unt Sia he gen "ugev fd slong the path edge and the comepondingcuen density Yates re. Th, Se ly nome caren deri he eget ‘nage crene deny lng the pier af he pach. Thi howe In igre Af). The presence of he rund plane cn be taken it secant Ite image thon hich wl dou he equal cures dens of (18) “Therefre radon fom the pth an he red four oon of magnetic ren (ound de periph raliting ine pet boning 10. “The new cuneate by 02) ‘Thess ill, fr the domina moe i show in Fire 3 sd ie deine a Bite 0 forthe sot of eg Wand hight Simi, arte ter tw so of length and ghos “Te egislem magus cu emis shesoate showin Figure 15 (Weg he elec pnp gah Ltrs the ae Bld 8 wer de wih caren enaty My, The eation proded by the Pike ani sme wo case of ex and ponte cee Situs om the so, Hwee he ss lng th a fm 2 SERIES ny wie cuenta ofthe sme maga ane pose Soo STe by Lhe length ofthe peck: Therefore iain fom the Frc can ie del ine foro vel "Vid in he inomopencoun icc of hems enna we dtl na There the esi ote epaced by ue fos . i (a) { TTT 7th a: © 1 UA! ee:f/- ervey Rtn Des Huot le plnarssatshownin Fig 1. Osher micrmsipatennaconfianions ‘in ho he eset by equa sls ins lar manner, 12 Vari Microstrip Antonna Configurations Miron amenar ae charred ager uber phic eee ‘han are conventional miromveseenar. Tey canbe degre bane many {omer shperand dimensions A comprebenae a of tv confgrsont ‘taal All miro amennar can be divided ne forbs capri ‘micostip pth antennas micosip ipl printedsiot arena and mir tip uneligwmre atennny chair of ach ae dace wet 121, Microstrip Patch Antennas Amro patch nena (MPA) consis of conducsing patch fay pana ‘nonplanar geomery on oe se fs ieee mabe wh » god line onthe other side, Ration carci have Bren ele For 3 hig umber of prch antennas 7. The ba onBipuaon eed in pace te thown in Figue Ll). Thee ition chars ae ida pe ‘he diference in geomet shape, beat bear ie ipl Recap lar and cer patch senna re woely ted. Type,» patch antenna bese gin bemeen 5 and 6B and chia 38 Bemis etwen 10° zd 90 Some ofthe ober path Shgpes se wel for spl aplicions ‘Thee ar shown it Figure 1.70), In ths bok, theresa cla romani ve duced a Chapt 4 and 3, pete and he wngla| [romeny i decd in Chap 6 Reding Sets Mini Raion . a gutter “hana @ 2@ © Figo ier eh amare ston com won te, (ome seems or met pt te. 1122 Mirosip or Pintd Dipole Antennas Micro opine dpe die pomenicly ram rectangle patch ae fin the eng wh et, The with of x poe pills an (sig, The endian pers of he pl ad ph ae st owing 0 Sint lngutialcuren dsutons Howe, the rnliaon vee Fd and cole radian ier wily. They have been sed Sony 7 I Mop digo, igure 18) and), re aece Semen ving to thie detble prope ach ar aml sie spd et faation The dps ate wel te for higher quence or which he Sbe ca be deceit and herr can stain cn band Shs Th choke sf fed mechani ey inporae inthe micostip “poland shold be inched in che snl The ym Fle pre ‘Spl Fgwe 1 (0, cons of fled ipl combined with anothers ‘Spl nitro image) yids yma sete. Aleratiely ti o tur canbe consider be a ecu ptch wth an Huhaped x. Taei Wt Di 7 OF |e 0} @ au!i a i i ere loot pee (cna VSWR = 2 bandwidih of chi dipole canbe abou 16% (18), Dipl ae seid in dealin Chap 6, 123 Printed Slot Antornas Prine st sntnms compre» ot inthe ground plane of + pounded subse The sot can have vil any shape Theoret, mst of the Ici pth shapes shown in gue 1.7 cn be eed in he foe of red st. Honeer, onl ew bse sot shapes ve ben sed. Te Include ecanguar sot nul so, ectangule ing ot, ad peed ee. ‘Thacareshownin Figure 1.9. Like ioip patch antenna he dv anens| an be fo ce by «mir lin ot + coplanar waveguide Slo ane ‘2c generly Brn rato tha they mit on Both se fhe Sle Uniiecions aon i caved y sing eet plate om one ie ‘ofthe do, lc atennu are dele in ea Chapter 7 124 Microstrip Traveling Wave Astonnas A micorip tang mare antnns (MTA) may comin of cnn shaped pr ‘iccondatn or ong micron lin of sent with spor 4 TE tide, The ther cdo te esl wove tena mined nt ached Festive loi wo soi the sanding meer onthe anna. Tein wave Imicotip antenna canbe designed so hate man be esi ay eon from brouser ead fi. Var confgwation for MTA ee shown in Fie 110 The tapered slo amen a sufice wave ant Terai in the end Ste diction, and dnd in Chapter 7. Ue of taeingrreAA)! [= oS ‘iq 9 Bas id ams wd es otc sch arate antenn, cin antnes,suaedoop ane Ind came ant for ca sation rece a Chapt 8 The chur of cso pth aeennay,micaip so aes nd prin dips sen ee amped in Table 1 13 Feeding Tochniques and Mo Miresipaneomshive ating nents on onesie ofa disc sbt, the tus cay ip ansenos wefel eber y 2 miss ine o ‘Saal poe hough be pound plane Since hen «number of mew fg Temi hve been deaped Pominen ang thee ae cou ‘nicest (cpu ft pronnisy-coupled moti fed. aperture coupled ‘Sep clad oplaar avg le. Thosfearctarredicused ve 180 Sone bere sep gwen ea ean,Mins alo ” Mica Pah MripSkt—— Pde Thiocrane be Moo te nan 2 son ler with emphasis onthe mechanism of naling en, ales cet, sd rave mits, A mathemati mod for he ection i dsc Section 31, Dead thoes of hae feds canbe found in vais piper (6.7.8 12 ‘Seeton ofthe Reding techrigue it pve by 2 number of fw “The mest imporan niderine the eee eanfr of power enw shetaditig Seucrc and feed sacar, hat empeance matching hen ‘he wo. Acne with impedance matching se eppedimpeace rane former bend stabs, actions esitons and an, wich inrodue dco ‘nus leading to spre tadation sd wutice wre le The undeed ‘anion may ince the side lel andthe cospelrampliade of ‘he ration pate Minineton of pious raion and ect on he ‘alison pater is one ofthe mpotan tor forte etion of he fd ‘other onsidetion sth sult hee For ary appease. Same ‘ed aca ream ter prorat ge aber of parm sei 131° Conia FootProbe Coupling ‘Coupling of poner tough probe i ope of he bc chains fr the ‘nf f moware poner The probe can bean nner condor cuts Tne inthe ne of cont ie feng o canbe aed naar owes rm | ip ne pine) + mics antenna troup sot in become | ‘ground plane A pil micrsp amen sing» ype conti anne Shown in Fig 1-1). Th cal connector tached the bck side (cannes ponte ut tts oi an 8 RE pwn no Ele sare pet ted eo re ote ‘rem Wt Ah Hoe, pe it po of the pine cit bond lhe col ceter condor afer ping ough he le led he puch etn The con he fed pie i detemined for he eh modes hath bes impedance imatch i achieved Eecinion of te patch ecu principally hop the ‘coupling the fed caent the Fido the pc mes 13) The ‘uplng costae cam be baie 2tem Co Coupling = [fe ay = cosy) as) thre the rman lng of the pat, andy he fie ofthe fed pein fom the pch edge Expr (15) sos that euping smu fora ed laced adage of the pa (x =O). Moding of Conn Feed The oa, wing Hoye’ pipe, ca be modded by acne tad f cx cman flowing oth eer cnet fam te bottom 1 ‘heap dong nid an nar bon of nape curen i ee ound plane ‘An Melton sips the computa a epic the cece sc san MIONUIATEAN 0002278, cine bys union line cen ion, To determine he probe impedance ‘Bea micros amenan te canons! pblem os paral pate wae Felby non ne ar een le ung he ng eqn formulation Tio. input impedanc oth gamery own a te 110) has ben {min In an sprites amextaon Gel oespondig 0 TEM sd debion nthe anal ng about the poe es fal acute ‘ule [1 The wihingpatans cn be med by au quale cei ‘Sthown inFgue 1110. Tenens forthe quae cetera fe goer in Scion 29 Themed equivalent ce of) shown In Fipie i ld, A mambo father appecaches fo ee ras of pref Imtvstipatcna ae del in [20-23 ‘Coilfang field though th pation ing of hee pins goa the np pede eve. Bi has seve Tinney cl ig of ray requis arg urbe fet Shines wich makes bron lls compromises aby. Scod TGrincrened bandh of sph anion, tisk sabre wed and ‘hescre ree longs pe This ge tet a ieee sprous {alee fom the poe, cen wie wae pone and ince fed ‘ance Howes he fd indctance can be compensate for Dy is paar One approach oodce» capacitor in ies wih he Pobe ‘Seth oucan anlar sin the patch melon concen with he robe [balsshownin Fig | 12 However cial nee ann gion ‘il under cer pl component he rion pate. A variation oF Ths approche fa Fire 120) The amenna impedance cn be transla or eid uy nsdn sloaromagrtcoplinghemeen the puch andthe poe. The coupling rag eer by enti he freind tnd pouting he ok sow the ph. Theinpt impedance Ufpends am the dk ae spain ofthe dik fram the pth nd the probe Pelton. Ths odieaton shonin Fgue 112) and apelin 23) 132 Miers (Copan Fees aceon of the irossip amen by 4 niin on he ae subsite pps bes ntl cho bene the phan Be conideed a xteon Fobe mip line aed buch can be ibid simatancoy. Butchi tehauc lus ne nao, The coupling berwn ee mist ine nd the pc cul be nthe fm of geben coupling sown in Figue isla ugh a gap Ise then ay sowes in gute 1.130) The {action ofthe patch by edge coupled rnp line can be dsebed in Cermsol the ute cet caren en asaited with the agate Tad of temic ine the action planes Shown in igre 14o OLTTTETINGLZZ- tena teh Biles — (rouns Pane III MULE eouns Pane — IML e Fae Conpeen fp cmnce ys least of poh ingens sicromapte cou inoue cing From 8) © 3 IEE Rene th prion) — ae Lh| ET Svan) an oypo i one Jove pre find ‘The wilh of his cen ison teen «0 he te fie wil of the rica ne [16] The curene couples with Ef he ach seen ad The coupling magpie deermined wit (5) Modeing of Coplanr Mirostip Feed The elgecoupll mini fe an be modeled by meas of te spin sree junction. The eatalene creat or hs shawm in Figure 130 Sly te gp coupled micron el represented bythe qa fencer the ap schon Figre 190), The fl of die nation From he open end of te mop ine an be presented by a onde ‘Gow te hunt pastor Equine rt primes forthe dscns ‘Remain 16, A desgn bed om ego fdas 7 nd'an anys af he edgesnuped fd bel om she FDTD approach lcd in (26) "Theelgeouple fe derbies om alinieon fimpet snc mist ene tenga tptane of the ch ai oii eg ie high computed othe 90) impedance ofthe fe ne. Tere an acral impedance matching cou Beween hepa ge and the Sa0 nics line The impedance mnching cea, beside ping He ‘puto ndaton ant be commode inary, bec of ve nonal {Biiy of pyc pce onthe bet The micros ine locks iain from the prion of he uch wh whic en contact suing in ced fads, Thiv ei iin of ied at lime eqns “here he pach wih can Be comparable wo the wth of themiron lie “The pp cupled fed ee mar ap wih et coupling cf paver However arom gop swith power nding cpa (tte amenna, Morons te pene of the mer fed i fie Mina aia, ip 1 fdFed | i iat tbe vse 883 nrW : ] ‘E a ‘Astomes—}—e Merosr Line carne et re ey Hote es ei _An impose ofthe copa fol tha ono some ofthe sor ‘omings mena sown in Fgute 1136) ete the ico He iment patch Theft pion seed ach tha henprimpedance tf the ance 500. The rig fd pot abou the ae tha ed forth coil fe, The apprexinste equaen ccs orth net isp feeds shown nth Rue Howe. the wansmion ine econ wth et length Yeboeld be med spl secs sh esd grid pape and condor baking. A paeate soy of rectangle pth with “ous ine length has bn repel (271 another configuration fr the “lec mitsip fc heed pols laced om te onesie | ‘he puch (8) sin Fgure 131). The cs plated aan igh a ‘hiss, bur en be minimised by optimising the spec ao WL a he pach a abou U3. The etl chat fr cht fe ede same ath {ese in Fre 10 Ths eding echniuchs Ben general vo or coupling the nnendiaing gs Sr appleaons in sis fel Ucar ‘ay 6) Insets fer od nly the nerd aco Sosa diced in Cher 1 Colin misoeip de ry to design nd ica: Hower, ed rics ines contnbte spr raion. Thaw they ave ben ‘Seti pcan were the demand on pearance two ingens End he fed ast be coplna with the gate. The bath chev 39% tt Fed acre contbuton the ain ba eon invest by YW ea (27 forthe eg ee ‘A sey of moncoptnar micros esha ben developed: 0 layer mist fete aperuceupe oop fc ad the cplna wegen. Thee nko broadband sn oasee bee tthe Minter af dog pms ee. The oe ce dsl nes.