ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

(TELL US HOW OFTEN SOMETHING HAPPENS, TALK ABOUT HABITS, HOW OFTEN WE DO THINGS
IN THE PRESENT OR HAVE DONE THEM IN THE PAST)

AM/IS/ARE Always
HAS/HAVE Never
WILL Often
WOULD Sometimes + MAIN VERB/ADJECTIVE
COULD Usually
SHOULD Seldom/Rarely
MIGHT Hardly ever

1) He is always sleepy.

2) She sometimes takes walks in the evening.

3) Sometimes they watch movies late at night.

4) Usually he gets up early.

 How often do you read?

 What types of books do you like to read?
 How often do you go out to eat on weekends?
 How often do you watch TV in the evening? What shows do you like?
 How often do you eat meat for dinner?
 How often do you stay up later than you should?
 How often do you go for walks? Where do you go?
 How often do you eat fast food for lunch?
 How often do you sing? What types of music do you sing?
 How often do you listen to classical music?
 How often do you go to the movies alone?
 How often do you go to the beach in summer?
 How often do you text?
 How often do you check your email?
 How often do you check social media platforms like Facebook?
 How often do you ride a bike to work or school?
 How often do you ask your friends for help?
 How often do you skip breakfast?
 1.
/wʌn/
Persistence Pays.
/pəˈsɪstəns ˈpeɪz/
Chapter 1.
/ˈʧæptə wʌn/
“Why can’t we come in?,” I asked the large man
standing in front of us.
/waɪ kɑːnt wi kʌm ɪn aɪ ɑːskt ðə lɑːʤ mæn ˈstændɪŋ
ɪn frʌnt əv ʌs/
He was wearing a dark suit, and he was tall and
strong.
/hiː wəz ˈweərɪŋ ə dɑːk sjuːt ənd hiː wəz tɔːl ənd
strɒŋ/
He was blocking the door to Zara’s Nightclub.
/hiː wəz ˈblɒkɪŋ ðə dɔː tʊ (Zara's) ˈnaɪtklʌb/
We could hear the loud dance music behind the
door.
/wi kʊd hɪə ðə laʊd dɑːns ˈmjuːzɪk bɪˈhaɪnd ðə dɔː/
We wanted to go in!
/wi ˈwɒntɪd tə gəʊ ɪn/
I had lost my job the other day.
/aɪ həd lɒst maɪ ʤɒb ðiː ˈʌðə deɪ/
I needed to have a night of fun!
/aɪ ˈniːdɪd tə həv ə naɪt əv fʌn/
I didn’t want to have a lot of stress, so we had to
find a way to get inside!
/aɪ dɪdnt wɒnt tə həv ə lɒt əv stres səʊ wi həd tə
faɪnd ə weɪ tə get ˈɪnˈsaɪd/
The tall man was a bouncer; his job was to let the
“right” people in, and to keep everyone else out.
/ðə tɔːl mæn wəz ə ˈbaʊnsə hɪz ʤɒb wəz tə let ðə
raɪt ˈpiːpl ɪn ənd tə kiːp ˈevrɪwʌn els aʊt/
He pointed to his clipboard and frowned.
/hiː ˈpɔɪntɪd tə hɪz (clipboard) ənd fraʊnd/
“Your name isn’t on this list.” I looked up at him.
/jə neɪm ˈɪznt ɒn ðɪs lɪst aɪ lʊkt ʌp ət hɪm/
He was at least six inches taller than me.
/hiː wəz ət liːst sɪks ˈɪnʧɪz ˈtɔːlə ðæn miː/
“How do we get on that list?” My friends--Nate and
Aaron--and I had dressed up.
/haʊ duː wi get ɒn ðæt lɪst maɪ (friendsNate) ənd
(Aaronand) aɪ həd drest ʌp/
We had driven across town to come to Zara’s.
/wi həd ˈdrɪvn əˈkrɒs taʊn tə kʌm tʊ (Zara's)/
The new club was famous and we wanted to check
it out.
/ðə njuː klʌb wəz ˈfeɪməs ənd wi ˈwɒntɪd tə ʧek ɪt
aʊt/
But, the bouncer did not reply.
/bʌt ðə ˈbaʊnsə dɪd nɒt rɪˈplaɪ/
Instead, he looked over my skinny shoulder.
/ɪnˈsted hiː lʊkt ˈəʊvə maɪ ˈskɪnɪ ˈʃəʊldə/
There was a long line of people behind me.
/ðeə wəz ə lɒŋ laɪn əv ˈpiːpl bɪˈhaɪnd miː/
“How do I get in?” I asked again and I snapped my
fingers.
/haʊ duː aɪ get ɪn aɪ ɑːskt əˈgen ənd aɪ snæpt maɪ
ˈfɪŋgəz/
I was trying to get his attention.
/aɪ wəz ˈtraɪɪŋ tə get hɪz əˈtenʃən/
“You don’t,” he said.
/jʊ dəʊnt hiː sed/
 He waved the next guest in the line to come “Our girlfriends are inside, waiting for us.” He lifted
forward. a red velvet rope to let the blonde girl pass.
/hiː weɪvd ðə nekst gest ɪn ðə laɪn tə kʌm ˈfɔːwəd/ /ˈaʊə ˈgɜːlfrendz ə ˈɪnˈsaɪd ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ʌs hiː ˈlɪftɪd ə
red ˈvelvɪt rəʊp tə let ðə blɒnd gɜːl pɑːs/

She was a beautiful blonde girl.

/ʃiː wəz ə ˈbjuːtəfʊl blɒnd gɜːl/ “Thanks Bruce,” she said as she walked by him.
/θæŋks (Bruce) ʃiː sed æz ʃiː wɔːkt baɪ hɪm/

When I saw her, I had an idea... “Wait, wait!” I

protested. I could smell her perfume.
/wen aɪ sɔː hɜː aɪ həd ən aɪˈdɪə weɪt weɪt aɪ /aɪ kʊd smel hɜː ˈpɜːfjuːm/
ˈprəʊtestɪd/

I wanted to follow her in, but Bruce, the bouncer,

“Our girlfriends are already inside!” It was a lie. shook his head at me.
/ˈaʊə ˈgɜːlfrendz ə ɔːlˈredɪ ˈɪnˈsaɪd ɪt wəz ə laɪ/ /aɪ ˈwɒntɪd tə ˈfɒləʊ hɜː ɪn bʌt (Bruce) ðə ˈbaʊnsə ʃʊk
hɪz hed ət miː/

Aaron looked at me in a strange way.

/(Aaron) lʊkt ət miː ɪn ə streɪnʤ weɪ/ “Are your friends really inside?” “Yes,” I answered.
/ə jə frendz ˈrɪəlɪ ˈɪnˈsaɪd jes aɪ ˈɑːnsəd/

Perhaps he thought, “Is Jack crazy?” “Jack, what

are you doing?” Aaron yelled in my ear. “Our girlfriends!” His expression was doubtful.
/pəˈhæps hiː θɔːt ɪz ʤæk ˈkreɪzɪ ʤæk wɒt ə jʊ ˈduːɪŋ /ˈaʊə ˈgɜːlfrendz hɪz ɪksˈpreʃən wəz ˈdaʊtfʊl/
(Aaron) jeld ɪn maɪ ɪə/

He rubbed his bald head, then he lifted his

He was a good-looking guy, but he was also shy. clipboard again.
/hiː wəz ə ˈgʊdˈlʊkɪŋ gaɪ bʌt hiː wəz ˈɔːlsəʊ ʃaɪ/ /hiː rʌbd hɪz bɔːld hed ðen hiː ˈlɪftɪd hɪz (clipboard)
əˈgen/

He never took any risks.

/hiː ˈnevə tʊk ˈenɪ rɪsks/ “Okay.
/ˈəʊˈkeɪ/

“Be quiet,” I whispered back.

/biː ˈkwaɪət aɪ ˈwɪspəd bæk/ What are their names?” “Their…names?” Well, I
didn’t know their names...because they didn’t exist!
/wɒt ə ðeə neɪmz (Theirnames) wel aɪ dɪdnt nəʊ ðeə
I didn’t want the bouncer to hear.
(namesbecause) ðeɪ dɪdnt ɪgˈzɪst/
/aɪ dɪdnt wɒnt ðə ˈbaʊnsə tə hɪə/

But, he did hear us. “Uhh…” “You’re done,” he said.

/bʌt hiː dɪd hɪə ʌs/ /(Uhh) jə dʌn hiː sed/

He rolled his eyes and tried to ignore me again. He smiled and he pushed me aside.
/hiː rəʊld hɪz ˈaɪz ənd traɪd tʊ ɪgˈnɔː miː əˈgen/ /hiː smaɪld ənd hiː pʊʃt miː əˈsaɪd/

“No, really,” I persisted. “Next!”

/nəʊ ˈrɪəlɪ aɪ pəˈsɪstɪd/ /nekst/
We could not get in, so we left Zara’s.
/wi kʊd nɒt get ɪn səʊ wi left (Zara's)/
 We went across the street for coffee.
“I’ll have the same,” Aaron told the waiter.
/wi went əˈkrɒs ðə striːt fə ˈkɒfɪ/
/aɪl həv ðə seɪm (Aaron) təʊld ðə ˈweɪtə/

“That was dumb, Jack,” Aaron said, and he took off

his jacket. “But, unglazed donuts please.” “And what would
you like, sir?” the waiter asked me.
/ðæt wəz dʌm ʤæk (Aaron) sed ənd hiː tʊk ɒf hɪz
/bʌt (unglazed) dɒnz pliːz ənd wɒt wʊd jʊ laɪk sɜː ðə
ˈʤækɪt/
ˈweɪtə ɑːskt miː/

He had put on his favourite clothes to come out.

“I would like to know how to get into that
/hiː həd pʊt ɒn hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt kləʊðz tə kʌm aʊt/
nightclub,” I told him.
/aɪ wʊd laɪk tə nəʊ haʊ tə get ˈɪntuː ðæt ˈnaɪtklʌb aɪ
With his good looks and clothes, he could be an təʊld hɪm/
actor, but his attitude was always negative.
/wɪð hɪz gʊd lʊks ənd kləʊðz hiː kʊd biː ən ˈæktə
“You can’t get in there.
bʌt hɪz ˈætɪtjuːd wəz ˈɔːlwəz ˈnegətɪv/
/jʊ kɑːnt get ɪn ðeə/

I felt bad because it had been my idea to go out.

/aɪ felt bæd bɪˈkɒz ɪt həd biːn maɪ aɪˈdɪə tə gəʊ aʊt/ Not without a reservation…or a date,” he said.
/nɒt wɪˈðaʊt ə (reservationor) ə deɪt hiː sed/

Everyone knew it was impossible to get inside

Zara’s without a reservation…and reservations were “Unless you are a female, of course.
impossible to get! /ənˈles jʊ ə ə ˈfiːmeɪl əv kɔːs/
/ˈevrɪwʌn njuː ɪt wəz ɪmˈpɒsəbl tə get ˈɪnˈsaɪd (Zara's)
wɪˈðaʊt ə ˌrezəˈveɪʃənd ˌrezəˈveɪʃənz wɜː ɪmˈpɒsəbl tə
It is easy for the girls to go in.
get/
/ɪt ɪz ˈiːzɪ fə ðə gɜːlz tə gəʊ ɪn/

But, I had wanted to try.

They want more girls inside.”
/bʌt aɪ həd ˈwɒntɪd tə traɪ/
/ðeɪ wɒnt mɔː gɜːlz ˈɪnˈsaɪd/

Nate ordered his coffee black, along with two “Why?” Aaron asked.
chocolate-glazed donuts. /waɪ (Aaron) ɑːskt/
/(Nate) ˈɔːdəd hɪz ˈkɒfɪ blæk əˈlɒŋ wɪð tuː
(chocolateglazed) dɒnz/ “Because the guys will go there and spend money!”
I nodded.

Nate was very different from Aaron. /bɪˈkɒz ðə ˈgaɪz wɪl gəʊ ðeə ənd spend ˈmʌnɪ aɪ

/(Nate) wəz ˈverɪ ˈdɪfrənt frɒm (Aaron)/ ˈnɒdɪd/

He was more adventurous and happy. “That’s unfair.” The waiter shrugged his shoulders.

/hiː wəz mɔː ədˈvenʧərəs ənd ˈhæpɪ/ /ðæts ˈʌnˈfeə ðə ˈweɪtə ʃrʌgd hɪz ˈʃəʊldəz/

Nate loved to eat sweets like cakes and candies, so “Maybe, but that’s life.
he was a bit overweight. /ˈmeɪbiː bʌt ðæts laɪf/
/(Nate) lʌvd tʊ iːt swiːts laɪk keɪks ənd ˈkændɪz səʊ
hiː wəz ə bɪt ˈəʊvəweɪt/
 If you want to go to Zara’s, you will have to find
someone to go with you.
/ɪf jʊ wɒnt tə gəʊ tʊ (Zara's) jʊ wɪl həv tə faɪnd “What if--”
ˈsʌmwʌn tə gəʊ wɪð jʊ/ /wɒt ɪf/

“No,” Aaron said, cutting off my sentence.

You want to order anything?” “Just coffee with /nəʊ (Aaron) sed ˈkʌtɪŋ ɒf maɪ ˈsentəns/
milk.
/jʊ wɒnt tʊ ˈɔːdə ˈenɪθɪŋ ʤʌst ˈkɒfɪ wɪð mɪlk/
“Jack, let’s just go.” “Wait.
/ʤæk lets ʤʌst gəʊ weɪt/
No donuts.” I looked at my friends.
/nəʊ dɒnz aɪ lʊkt ət maɪ frendz/
What, Jack?” Nate asked.
/wɒt ʤæk (Nate) ɑːskt/
“Who eats donuts at nine o’clock at night?” Nate
and Aaron exchanged looks.
/huː iːts dɒnz ət naɪn əˈklɒk ət naɪt (Nate) ənd “Do you want to talk to them?” I combed my black
hair back with my fingers.
(Aaron) ɪksˈʧeɪnʤd lʊks/
/duː jʊ wɒnt tə tɔːk tə ðəm aɪ kuːmd maɪ blæk heə
bæk wɪð maɪ ˈfɪŋgəz/
“We do,” they said together.
/wi duː ðeɪ sed təˈgeðə/
“We can try.
/wi kæn traɪ/
I sighed and crossed my arms.
/aɪ ˈsaɪd ənd krɒst maɪ ɑːmz/
Why not?
/waɪ nɒt/
It looked like I was going to be spending the
evening with these two.
/ɪt lʊkt laɪk aɪ wəz ˈgəʊɪŋ tə biː ˈspendɪŋ ðiː ˈiːvnɪŋ Come on, I just lost my job.
wɪð ðiːz tuː/ /kʌm ɒn aɪ ʤʌst lɒst maɪ ʤɒb/

* After our coffees (and donuts) were finished, we Do me a favour!

paid our check.
/() ˈɑːftə ˈaʊə ˈkɒfɪz ənd dɒnz wɜː ˈfɪnɪʃt wi peɪd ˈaʊə
ʧek/
I noticed three girls sitting at a table.
/aɪ ˈnəʊtɪst θriː gɜːlz ˈsɪtɪŋ ət ə ˈteɪbl/
/duː miː ə ˈfeɪvə/
What is the worst thing that can happen?” Aaron
stared at me, but Nate punched him in the arm.
/wɒt ɪz ðə wɜːst θɪŋ ðæt kæn ˈhæpən (Aaron) steəd
ət miː bʌt (Nate) pʌnʧt hɪm ɪn ðiː ɑːm/

They were talking. “Come on, Aaron!” he said.

/ðeɪ wɜː ˈtɔːkɪŋ/ /kʌm ɒn (Aaron) hiː sed/

They were also finished with their food and drinks. “Jack is right.
/ðeɪ wɜː ˈɔːlsəʊ ˈfɪnɪʃt wɪð ðeə fuːd ənd drɪŋks/ /ʤæk ɪz raɪt/

“Guys, look,” I said to my friends. We can ask them.

/ˈgaɪz lʊk aɪ sed tə maɪ frendz/ /wi kæn ɑːsk ðəm/
 “Clearly,” the redhead said.
/ˈklɪəlɪ ðiː (redhead) sed/
Perhaps they will want to go with us to Zara’s.
/pəˈhæps ðeɪ wɪl wɒnt tə gəʊ wɪð ʌs tʊ (Zara's)/
Her friends laughed, but I laughed with them.
/hɜː frendz lɑːft bʌt aɪ lɑːft wɪð ðəm/
If we get inside, they can stay with us.
/ɪf wi get ˈɪnˈsaɪd ðeɪ kæn steɪ wɪð ʌs/
A little.
/ə ˈlɪtl/
Or, they can leave us if they want to.” The girls “Would you like to go to Zara’s with us?
were watching us.
/wʊd jʊ laɪk tə gəʊ tʊ (Zara's) wɪð ʌs/
/ə ðeɪ kæn liːv ʌs ɪf ðeɪ wɒnt tə ðə gɜːlz wɜː ˈwɒʧɪŋ
ʌs/
The bouncer would not let us in,” I said.
/ðə ˈbaʊnsə wʊd nɒt let ʌs ɪn aɪ sed/
One of them, a girl with red hair, leaned over the
table.
/wʌn əv ðəm ə gɜːl wɪð red heə liːnd ˈəʊvə ðə ˈteɪbl/ “But maybe, we could get in with dates.” The
smallest of the three girls said, “Dates?
/bʌt ˈmeɪbiː wi kʊd get ɪn wɪð deɪts ðə ˈsmɔːlɪst əv
She whispered something to her friends and they
ðə θriː gɜːlz sed deɪts/
nodded.
/ʃiː ˈwɪspəd ˈsʌmθɪŋ tə hɜː frendz ənd ðeɪ ˈnɒdɪd/
We don’t even know you!” “I know,” I said.
/wi dəʊnt ˈiːvən nəʊ jʊ aɪ nəʊ aɪ sed/
None of them were smiling.
/nʌn əv ðəm wɜː ˈsmaɪlɪŋ/
“But let’s just try!
/bʌt lets ʤʌst traɪ/
I felt a lump in my throat, but decided to go
forward.
/aɪ felt ə lʌmp ɪn maɪ θrəʊt bʌt dɪˈsaɪdɪd tə gəʊ Don’t you want to see inside Zara’s?” The girls
ˈfɔːwəd/ looked through the window at the long line in front
of the nightclub.
/dəʊnt jʊ wɒnt tə siː ˈɪnˈsaɪd (Zara's) ðə gɜːlz lʊkt
I walked over to their table.
θruː ðə ˈwɪndəʊ ət ðə lɒŋ laɪn ɪn frʌnt əv ðə
/aɪ wɔːkt ˈəʊvə tə ðeə ˈteɪbl/
ˈnaɪtklʌb/

My friends stayed behind me.

Then they looked at each other.
/maɪ frendz steɪd bɪˈhaɪnd miː/
/ðen ðeɪ lʊkt ət iːʧ ˈʌðə/

“Hi, my name is Jack Cruz.

“We don’t need you to get inside,” said the
/haɪ maɪ neɪm ɪz ʤæk (Cruz)/ redhead.
/wi dəʊnt niːd jʊ tə get ˈɪnˈsaɪd sed ðiː (redhead)/
No relationship to Tom Cruise,” I said, making a
bad joke.
“But…I guess we can help you boys out.
/nəʊ rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp tə tɒm kruːz aɪ sed ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə bæd
/(ButI) ges wi kæn help jʊ ˈbɔɪz aʊt/
ʤəʊk/

By the way, my name is Caprice.”

/baɪ ðə weɪ maɪ neɪm ɪz kəˈpriːs/