Nikonos

Nikonos is the brand name of a series of 35mm format cameras specifically designed for underwater photography launched by
Nikonos
Nikon in 1963. The early Nikonos cameras were improvements of theCalypso camera, which was an original design byJacques-
Yves Cousteau and Belgian engineerJean de Wouters.[1] It was produced in France by La Spirotechnique (currently Aqua Lung)
until the design was acquired by Nikon to become the Nikonos.[2] The Nikonos system was immensely popular with both
amateur and professional underwater photographers. Its compact design, ease of use, and excellent optical quality set the
standard for several decades of underwater imaging. Nikon ceased development and manufacture of new Nikonos cameras in
2001, but the camera remains popular, and there is a large and active secondary market.

Contents
History
Nikonos V black/orange (also available in all
The "Workhorse of the War"
Discontinued green)

Design and operation Overview

First generation Calypso derivatives Type 35 mm underwater viewfinder
Second generation metered cameras camera
Third generation autofocus SLR
Digital Nikonos Lens

Lenses Lens mount interchangeable Nikonos mount

Nikonos mount Focusing
Nikonos RS mount
Focus manual preset
Third party lenses
Accessories
Exposure/metering
Closeup Exposure TTL automatic exposure &
Nikonos light meter manual
Flash
Flash
In popular culture
Flash accessory shoe & contacts in
References
base
External links
Shutter
Frame rate manual wind on
History General

Nippon Kogaku trace their underwater camera history back to 1956, when the company developed an underwater housing for the Dimensions 146 × 99 × 75 mm (W×H×D)
Nikon S2 rangefinder camera, which was marketed in May as the Nikon Marine. At approximately the same time, Jean de
Wouters was building the first prototypes of the Calypso for La Spirotechnique, which went into serial production in 1961.[3] However, La Spirotechnique was not experienced with camera
design and manufacture, so they approached Nippon Kogaku to license the production and sales rights in June 1961; the two companies signed a contract in February 1962 granting the
.[4]
worldwide sales and distribution rights to Nikon outside France and the European Economic Community

Nippon Kogaku acquired the patent to the Calypso in 1963 and began manufacturing the Nikonos (later designated the Nikonos I) equipped with Nikkor optics instead of the original SOM
Berthiot and Angenieux lenses.

The "Workhorse of the War"

Because of its waterproof housing, lens options, and toughness, the Nikonos was an important tool for photographers working in the steaming jungles, flooded rice paddies, and rain-lashed
battlefields of the Vietnam War. The wire services loaded their Nikonos cameras withTri-X, Ektachrome-X or High-Speed Ektachrome.[5]

Discontinued
Nikon continued to manufacture Nikonos V bodies until 2001, when it formally announced it was terminating the series.[6] Without any new models in years and with digital imaging taking
over the market, Nikon saw no reason to continue the series.

However, in the French Magazine "Focus-Numerique" Mr. Tetsuro Goto, the Director of Laboratory Research and Development at Nikon Japan said on the future of Nikonos: “personally I
think the Nikonos will be reborn in the future.”

Design and operation

The numbered Nikonos cameras are often called rangefinder cameras, but in truth they are scale focus cameras as there is no rangefinder. The viewfinder is used purely to compose the shot,
and to display exposure information on bodies with internal metering (Nikonos IV
-A and V).

Focus distance is set with an outsized dial mounted on the left side of the lens barrel (as seen from the operator's point of view), and the aperture is set with a dial mounted on the right.
Refraction affects the estimated distance underwater by making objects appear 25% closer than they actually are; for example, an object that appears to be three feet away underwater (judged
by size) is actually four feet away. Nikon assumed the user did not compensate for appearances underwater, so the distance markers on the lens are marked for apparent (not actual) distance.
Thankfully the Nikonos wide-angle lenses have ample depth of field, so these discrepancies are often not a noticeable problem. The depth of field indicators on most Nikonos Nikkor lenses
mechanically adjust with aperture.

The numbered Nikonos models all had rugged construction, simple controls, and were waterproof to 50 m (160 ft). The camera is made waterproof by a simple system of o-rings at all the
crucial joints. Each new model brought various improvements such aslight metering, flash circuitry, and improved shutter and film advance design.
 Nikonos camera specifications[2]

Size Serial
Model Intro Disc Image Weight Metering Shutter speeds Price Ref.
(W×H×D) numbers[7]

125 mm
× 97 mm 900001–?
700 g
(I) 1963/03 1969/03 × 68 mm 30,675 ¥28,500[a] [8]
(4.9 in × 3.8 in (25 oz)[a]
shipped
× 2.7 in)[a]

129 mm
× 99 mm External, manual B, 1⁄30 , 1⁄60 , 950004–?
495 g shutter speed & [9]
II 1968/05 1976/03 × 47 mm 1⁄ 1 1 92,935 ¥23,000
(17.5 oz)[b] aperture 125 , ⁄250 , ⁄500
(5.1 in × 3.9 in shipped
× 1.9 in)[b]

144 mm
× 99 mm 3100001–?
620 g [10]
III 1975/06 1983/09 × 47 mm 78,309 ¥45,000
(5.7 in × 3.9 in (22 oz)[b] shipped
× 1.9 in)[b]

149 mm Electronic
× 99 mm Internal TTL, stepless 1⁄30 to
740 g 1⁄ [11]
IV-A 1980/07 1984 × 58 mm Aperture-priority 1000 4100001–? ¥54,500
(5.9 in × 3.9 in (26 oz)[b] autoexposure Mechanical (B,
× 2.3 in)[b] 1⁄ )
90

Electronic
stepless 1⁄30 to
1⁄
1000
(autoexposure
146 mm mode)
× 99 mm Manual
700 g [12]
V 1984/04 2001/10 × 58 mm (electronic 2000001–? ¥73,000
(5.7 in × 3.9 in (25 oz)[b]
Internal TTL, control 1⁄30 , 1⁄60 ,
× 2.3 in)[b] Aperture-priority 1⁄ 1 1
125 , ⁄250 , ⁄500 ,
autoexposure 1⁄
and manual 1000 )
modes Mechanical (B,
1⁄ )
90

196 mm
× 151 mm
2,130 g
RS 1992/06 1996/08 × 85 mm B to 1⁄2000 0000001–? ¥390,000 [8]
(7.7 in × 5.9 in (75 oz)[b]
× 3.3 in)[b]

Notes

a. With W-Nikkor 35mm f/2.5 lens b. Body alone

First generation Calypso derivatives

The initial Nikonos line consisted of three models that were improved versions of Cousteau's
Calypso of 1961:

Nikonos (1963), renamed Nikonos I after the Nikonos II was released

Nikonos II (1968)
Nikonos III (1975)
The Nikonos was introduced at Photokina 1963;[4] in the beginning, each camera was individually tested for water-tightness. In Europe, under
the terms of the licensing agreement, the Nikonos was known as the Calypso/Nikkor.[13] In July 1966, Nikon began marketing the Nikonos as
an all-weather camera and sold a limited number of cameras with a white finish,[14] which consisted of Nikonos cameras with white leather
[15][16]
body panels. It is estimated that less than 150 examples of the white-finished Nikonos were made.

In total, approximately 200,000 Nikonos I, II, and III cameras were manufactured between 1963 and 1983.[17] The three Calypso-based
Nikonos models share the same basic structure where the complete camera consists of three modules: lens, housing, and shutter/film transport
assemblies. Film is loaded in the shutter/film assembly, which is inserted into the housing, and the mounting of the lens locks the three pieces
together. The strap lugs are used to pry the shutter/film assembly out of the housing.[13]

The Nikonos II was cosmetically and dimensionally similar to the original Nikonos, but the shutter speed dial has an additional (R)ewind
setting, and the rewind knob is equipped with a lever to facilitate operation. Internally, all parts of the Nikonos II were coated to avoid
Nikonos II, one of the "Calypso"-
corrosion; in case of leakage, the internal parts could be rinsed in fresh water and dried, leading some to call the Nikonos II indestructible.[13] derived models
The film transport mechanism was redesigned for the Nikonos III to use the sprocket holes for positive framing; the original Calypso design
did not count sprocket holes which sometimes resulted in overlapping frames. This resulted in a noticeably larger body. In addition, the flash
[13]
sync port gained an extra pin to support electronic flash units.

Second generation metered cameras

A second viewfinder line was Nikon's complete re-design and included a through-the-lens (TTL) light meter with automatic exposure:

Nikonos IV-A (1980)

Nikonos V (1984)
In contrast to the prior Nikonos line, the Nikonos IV-A introduced a one-piece body using a hinged back for film loading; sealing was accomplished through numerous o-rings, including a
large gasket for the back. The film transport mechanism for the IV-A was adapted from the contemporaryNikon EM.[11] Like the EM, the Nikonos IV-A primarily operated in aperture-priority
autoexposure mode using stepless quartz-controlled shutter speeds between 1⁄30 and 1⁄1000 , but the camera also offered two mechanical shutter speeds ([B]ulb and 1⁄90, marked as M90) in case
of battery failure.[8]

The Nikonos V retained the new features of the IV-A and added manual control to set discrete shutter speeds. The V was released to address specific criticisms of the IV-A, namely that the flat
1⁄ was too fast, especially since slower speeds could not be set manually to use fill-flash.
gasket design was prone to failure, and that the new flash sync shutter speed of [8]
90

Third generation autofocus SLR

Nikonos RS (1992) waterproof to 320 ft (100m) [18] (World's first underwater Auto-Focus SLR camera) [2]
The 1992 Nikonos RS introduced an entirely new concept. Unlike its predecessors, the RS was a complete amphibious single lens reflex camera, with auto-focus, waterproof to 100 m (330 ft)
and its own set of unique lenses that also utilized water
-contact optics. They are, a 50mmf/2.8 macro, 28mm wide, 13mm fisheye, and the world's first underwater zoom lens, a 20-35mm.

The RS represented the pinnacle of Nikon's commitment to underwater imaging, and Nikonos list prices (June 1, 1996)[19]
generated significant interest at the time.[20] Although groundbreaking in many ways, it
Item MSRP Item MSRP
was also very expensive, putting it out of reach of all but the most dedicated (or best
Nikonos RS $3,550 Nikonos V $800
funded) underwater photographers. According to Brian Long, the RS was a development of
Japan's bubble economy of the late 80s, which saw a number of cost-no-object consumer
products and automobiles produced.[21] R-UW AF Nikkor 28mm $995 UW-Nikkor 28mm $488

Unfortunately, early versions also had a tendency to flood if not maintained perfectly. W-Nikkor 80mm $488
R-UW AF Micro-Nikkor 50mm $1,560
Flooding was attributed to many factors, one of which was the change to orange-colored UW Close-up Outfit [a] $530
silicone o-rings that could swell and fail if third-party silicone grease was applied instead of
R-UW AF Zoom-Nikkor 20-35mm $3,690 UW-Nikkor 20mm $960
the Nikonos grease that was petroleum-based. Non-Nikon (third party) silicone grease was
R-UW AF Fisheye-Nikkor 13mm $2,480 UW-Nikkor 15mm(N) $2,190
commonly used without problems on black Nikonos o-rings by underwater photographers
for several decades. Nikon replaced all these floods at first, but in the end, it clearly became SB-104 (set) [b][c] $1,560
not worth the trouble. The RS was quietly discontinued about 5 years later, and no SB-105 (set) [b] $820
[22][23]
subsequent models were ever designed or manufactured.
Notes

a. Includes close-up lens, field frames, and case

Digital Nikonos b. Includes strobe head, spare o-rings, mounting bracket, and sync cord
No Digital Nikonos has ever been made, but the Commercial & Government Systems c. SN-104 ($198) and SH-104 ($427) sold separately
division of Kodak modified a small number of Nikonos RS cameras for the United States
Navy to create a digital unit known as the "Nikon/Kodak DCS 425".[24] The digital imaging portion was housed in an extended rear door and were
largely identical to the options available for the contemporary Kodak DCS 420 camerasbased on the Nikon F90.[25][26]

Nikon celebrated the Nikonos legacy when the Nikon 1 AW1 was released, a waterproof interchangeable-lens digital camera.[27] Reviewers compared
the features of the AW1 to the Nikonos line.[28][29]

Lenses

Nikonos mount
With the exception of the above-water only LW-Nikkor 28mm, all Nikonos Nikkor lenses use two knobs to facilitate focus and aperture operation with
gloved hands. In later years, these knobs were colored differently to allow the photographer to more clearly distinguish between their functions; for
these lenses, the silver or chrome knob sets the focus distance, and the black knob controls the aperture. The LW-Nikkor uses conventional concentric United States Navy SEALs
focus and aperture rings.[30] with a Nikon/Kodak DCS
425 underwater digital
The two most common Nikonos lenses are the UW 28mm (for underwater use only) and the W 35mm (which is amphibious) with the UW 28mm being camera
considered the better lens. Because water and air have significantly different indices of refraction, the 35mm lens is considered slightly wide on land,
but is equivalent to a standard ~50mm lens under water.[31] The nominal focal length can be multiplied by 1.33× to determine the equivalent angle of
view underwater.[32] These were also the first two lenses to be introduced with the Nikonos; the design of the W-Nikkor 35mm is based on the Nikkor 35mm f/2.5 lens for M39 mount first
sold in 1952; it is a symmetric Double-Gauss lens behind an optical flat to make the assembly water-tight. This improves lens speed compared with the original lens fitted to the Calypso, the
SOM Berthiot 35mm f/3.5, which had a Tessar-type construction.[33]

The Nikonos lenses designated "UW-Nikkor" were specifically designed for underwater photography only. It is said [34][35] that, even to this day, no underwater lens matches the Nikonos
"UW" lenses for sharpness and color saturation underwater. A brief explanation from Nikon about the difference between underwater-only lens and standard/"amphibious"lens can be found at
Nikon official site, under the section "2. Renditioncharacteristics and lens performance".[36]

Nikon also created two lenses for use both above and under water, and one of them, the 35mm f/2.5, can be thought of as the "kit" lens. They made the Nikonos useful for aquatic activities
such as kayaking, canoeing, or for foul weather situations. These two lenses, the W-35mm and W-80mm, were also fully waterproof, but because they utilized a flat port, they did not have the
benefit of the specialized water-contact optics.
 Nikonos lenses[37]
Angle of
Focal Water [a] Min Construction Size Attachment
Name Intro Aperture view [b] Ref.
length focus size
Above Below Above Below Eles Grps (Φ×L) Weight
90 mm
× 79.5 mm 340 g 84mm,
1972 [c] No Yes 9[e] 5 [38]
3.54 in 12 oz P=0.75mm
UW- 1 ft × 3.13 in
15mm f/2.8–22 — 94°
Nikkor 0.30 m [d] 93 mm
× 90.6 mm 665 g 87mm,
1981 No Yes 12 [e] 9 [39]
3.66 in 23.5 oz P=0.75mm
× 3.57 in
70 mm
UW- 1.3 ft × 74 mm 350 g 67mm,
20mm 1985 f/2.8–22 No Yes — 78° 9[e] 7 [40]
Nikkor 0.40 m 2.8 in 12 oz P=0.75mm
× 2.9 in
68.5 mm
LW- 1.5 ft × 57 mm 240 g 52mm, [41]
28mm 1984 f/2.8–22 Yes No 74° — 5 5
Nikkor 0.46 m 2.70 in 8.5 oz P=0.75mm
× 2.24 in
62 mm
UW- 2 ft × 43.8 mm 175 g 58mm,
28mm 1965 f/3.5–22 No Yes — 59° 6[e] 5 [42]
Nikkor 0.61 m 2.44 in 6.2 oz P=0.75mm
× 1.72 in
62 mm
W- 2.75 ft × 39.5 mm 160 g 58mm,
35mm 1963 f/2.5–22 Yes Yes 62° 46°30' 7[f] 5 [43]
Nikkor 0.84 m 2.44 in 5.6 oz P=0.75mm
× 1.56 in
62 mm
W- 3.5 ft × 66 mm 275 g 58mm,
80mm 1969 f/4–22 Yes Yes 30°20' 22°45' 5[f] 5 [44]
Nikkor 1.1 m 2.4 in 9.7 oz P=0.75mm
× 2.6 in

Notes

a. Suitability for photographs above water, below water, or both. d. Sub-scale provided for focus from 0.9 to 0.7 ft (0.27 to 0.21 m) underwater
.
b. Provided for above and/or below water, as applicable. e. Includes front glass dome
c. Blocks metering path for Nikonos IV-A and V, can only be used in manual mode. f. Includes front flat glass plate

Nikonos RS mount
The Nikonos RS mount is physically identical to the older Nikon F mount, but an additional external bayonet was added for sealing, and the claws are slightly offset compared to the venerable
still camera mount. The electronic signaling is also dif
ferent from regular AF Nikon bodies.

[32]
The sharpness of a remounted R-UW AF Fisheye-Nikkor 13mm was tested and found to be superior to an equivalent AF Fisheye-Nikkor 16mm using a dome port.

Nikonos RS lenses
Angle of
Focal Water [a] Min Construction Size Attachment
Name Intro Aperture view [b] Ref.
length focus size
Above Below Above Below Eles Grps (Φ×L) Weight
126 mm
R-UW AF
0.5 ft × 92 mm 970 g
Fisheye- 13mm 1994 [45] f/2.8–22 No Yes — 170° 10 [c] 7 — [46]
0.15 m 5.0 in 34 oz
Nikkor
× 3.6 in

R-UW AF 162 mm
Zoom- 20– 0.38 ft 80° to × 129 mm 1,750 g 148mm, [48]
1992 f/2.8–22 No Yes — 10 10
35mm 0.12 m 51° 6.4 in 62 oz P=1.0mm
Nikkor [d]
× 5.1 in
99 mm
R-UW AF 0.9 ft × 77 mm 550 g 88mm, [49]
28mm 1992 f/2.8–22 No Yes — 60° 6 6
Nikkor 0.27 m 3.9 in 19 oz P=1.0mm
× 3.0 in

R-UW AF 103 mm
Micro- 6.6 in × 126 mm 1,100 g 88mm, [50]
50mm 1992 f/2.8–22 Yes Yes — 35° 10 9
0.167 m 4.1 in 39 oz P=1.0mm
Nikkor [e]
× 5.0 in

Notes

a. Suitability for photographs above water, below water, or both. d. World's first true underwater zoom lens[47]
b. Provided for above and/or below water, as applicable. e. Focuses to a reproduction ratio of 1:1
c. Includes L37c filter

Third party lenses

Lenses were made for the original Nikonos mount (for example, by Sea&Sea), which included both prime lenses as well as focal length converters which attached to the front of a Nikonos
lens.
 Nikonos mount lenses by third parties
Angle of
Focal Water [a] Min Construction Size Attachment
Name Intro Aperture view [b] Ref.
length focus size
Above Below Above Below Eles Grps (Φ×L) Weight
Sea&Sea 108 mm
SWL 11.8 in × 91 mm 570 g [51][52][53]
12mm 1994? f/3.5–22 No Yes — 167° 9 6 —
Fisheye 0.30 m 4.3 in 20 oz
(64000) [c] × 3.6 in
85 mm
Sea&Sea
10 in × 68 mm 365 g [51][54]
WL-15 15mm ? f/3.5–22 No Yes — 96° 10 8
0.25 m 3.3 in 12.9 oz
(63000)
× 2.7 in

Sea&Sea 78 mm
WCL-16 1 ft × 54 mm 400 g [51][54]
16mm ? f/5.6–22 No Yes — 91° 4 4
0.30 m 3.1 in 14 oz
(62001) [d]
× 2.1 in
89 mm
Sea&Sea × 102 mm 440 g [55]:164
17mm ? f/3.5–22 No Yes ? — 86° ? ?
WL-17 3.5 in 15.5 oz
× 4 in
Subatec
Subawider 17mm [f] ? f/2.5–22 No Yes ? — 90° [g] ? ? ? ? [55]:165 [56]
(II, III) [d][e]
Sea&Sea [55]:164
18mm ? f/3.5–16 No Yes ? — ? ? ? ? ?
WL-18 [h]
57 mm
Sea&Sea
1.3 ft × 62 mm 270 g [51][54]
WL-20 20mm ? f/3.5–22 No Yes — 80° 7 7
0.40 m 2.2 in 9.5 oz
(60000)
× 2.4 in
Seacor 2.5 ft [57]
21mm ? f/3.3–16 No Yes — 92° ? ? ? ?
Sea-Eye 0.76 m

Notes

a. Suitability for photographs above water, below water, or both. e. Also applicable to the UW-Nikkor 28mm lens.
b. Provided for above and/or below water, as applicable. f. 13mm with the 28mm lens
c. "Full frame" or diagonalfisheye lens g. 103° with the 28mm lens
d. Fitted to front of and requires W-Nikkor 35mm f/2.5 lens. h. Blocks metering path for Nikonos IV-A and V, can only be used in manual mode.

Accessories

Closeup
Extension tubes mounted with a Nikonos lens formacro photography, most commonly with the 35mm Nikonos lens to produce 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 macro image ratios, with
1:3 occasionally seen as well. Offered by third parties; no Nikon extension tubes were produced.
Nikon Close Up Kit, which included a close-up lens that attached to the front of either the UW 28 mm, W 35 mm, or W 80mm Nikonos lenses, a frame support bracket,
and three field frames (one for each lens) to produce near-macro image ratios (approx range of 1:5 to 1:3, depending on the lens in use).
Third-party close-up lenses
Because the numbered Nikonos cameras did not offer through-the-lens viewing, the extremely shallow depth of field for macro photography pragmatically required a focusing aid. The
extension tube and Close Up Kit systems used a framer, which attached to the lens assembly and provided a direct physical index for the camera-to-subject distance, as well as its approximate
width/height. The Nikon Close Up Kit provided a complete rectangular frame, but most third-party extension tube kits typically only indexed the bottom and two sides, not the top, and
because of this shape, a slang term for Nikonos framers wereGoal Posts.

For various reasons (such as concern for potential damage to the reef), some alternative products were developed over time to minimize or replace the basic framer design. One example (Fred
Dion; Underwater Photo Tech) consisted of a bracket that held two small flashlights whose beamsaligned at the focus plane.

Nikonos light meter

The Nikonos light meter accessory houses the selenium-celled Sekonic L-86 Auto-Lumi.[58] An underwater light meter is necessary for the Nikonos I,
II, and III, which do not have metering in the body
.

Flash
Because light becomes monochromatic as depth increases, a portable light source is required for underwater photography. The first Calypso-based
Nikonos cameras (I and II) were equipped with two-pin sync ports for flashbulb units. The Nikonos III added a third pin to support electronic flash
units; although a prototype was exhibited (SB-11), the first electronic Nikonos flash unit, the SB-101, was introduced with the Nikonos IV-A; both the
IV-A and III supported the SB-101, but the IV-A dropped support for the flashbulb units. The SB-102 and -103 were introduced with the Nikonos V,
with the SB-103 a more compact version of the SB-102, which in turn was an updated version of the SB-101. The SB-104 and -105 were introduced
[13][20]
with the Nikonos RS; all four of these units (SB-102 through -105) supported TTL flash operation.

The SB-103 was recalled in September 1998; hydrogen gas could potentially build up and be ignited by the flash tube, which would eject the front lens Nikonos light meter
and flash tube assembly from the unit. Owners of recalled units were offered the SB-105 as a replacement.[59] Because the SB-103 housing was
designed to be pressure-resistant, Nikon was unable to crush the recalled units and instead drilled a hole through the "103" marking on the side of the
flash. Some of the recalled units were subsequently resold on the secondary market.[60] The recall was still active as of October 2017; because the SB-105 is no longer being manufactured,
.[61]
SB-103 owners will instead receive a voucher

Nikonos underwater flash specifications

Guide No.[a] Coverage Modes

Name Power Size Weight Ref.
Land Water (Land/Water) TTL Auto Manual
403 mm × 94 mm
SB- 32 m 16 m Yes × 157 mm 1,900 g
66°/50°[b][c] No Yes[d] (Full, 1⁄4)
8×"AA"/R6 [62]
101 (105 ft)[b] (52 ft)[b] 15.9 in × 3.7 in × 6.2 in (67 oz)[f]
(H×W×D)[e]

Yes 139 mm × 152.5 mm

SB- 32 m 16 m (Full, 1⁄4, × 212 mm 1,670 g
79°/59°[g] Yes[h] Yes[d] 6×"C"/R14 [63]
102 (105 ft)[g] (52 ft)[g] 1⁄ ) 5.47 in × 6.00 in × 8.35 in (59 oz)[f]
16 (W×H×D)[i]

Yes 175 mm × 130 mm

SB- 10 m (Full, 1⁄4, × 99 mm 780 g
20 m (66 ft)[j] 79°/59°[j] Yes[h] No 4×"AA"/R6 [64]
103 (33 ft)[j] 1⁄ ) 6.9 in × 5.1 in × 3.9 in (28 oz)[f][k]
16 (W×H×D)[i]
Yes 124 mm × 222 mm
SB- (Full, 1⁄4, SN-104 1,990 g
32 m (105 ft) 16 m (52 ft) 115°/100°[l] Yes[m] No 4.9 in × 8.7 in [65]
104 NiCd (70 oz)[f][n]
1⁄ )
16 (Φ×L)[i]

Yes 99 mm × 130 mm
SB- 11 m (Full, 1⁄4, × 181 mm 780 g
22 m (72 ft)[j] 103×84°[l][o] Yes[p] No 4×"AA"/R6 [66]
105 (36 ft)[j] 1⁄ ) 3.9 in × 5.1 in × 7.1 in (28 oz)[f][q]
16 (W×H×D)[i]

Notes

a. With ISO 100 film i. Strobe head only

b. Optional SW-101 adapter to expand coverage to 79°/59° (land/water) for UW- j. Optional SW-103 adapter to expand coverage for UW-Nikkor 15mm lens;
Nikkor 28mm lens; reduces guide number to 22 and 11 m (72 and 36 ft) for land reduces guide number to 14 and 7 m (46 and 23 ft) for land and water
,
and water, respectively. respectively.
c. Covers W-Nikkor 35mm lens without accessories. k. 1,650 g (58 oz) with bracket, arm, joint, and sync cord.
d. Using SU-101 sensor l. Covers UW-Nikkor 15mm lens.
e. Includes grip. m. With Nikonos V and RS; Matrix-balanced fill-flash with Nikonos RS
f. Without batteries n. 3,450 g (122 oz) fully equipped, including SK-104A arm, SK-104B bracket/tray
,
g. Optional SW-102 adapter to expand coverage for UW-Nikkor 15mm lens; and SN-104 battery
reduces guide number to 22 and 11 m (72 and 36 ft) for land and water
, o. Expands to 115° with SW-103.
respectively. p. With Nikonos V and RS.
h. With Nikonos V q. 1,730 g (61 oz) with bracket, arm, joint, sync cord, and batteries.

In popular culture
An unbranded Nikonos was operated by James Bond in the 1965 filmThunderball.[67][68]

References
9. "Nikonos II Repair Manual"(http://ss-it.de/data/nikonos/Nikonos%20II.pdf)
1. Stafford, Simon (2004). The new Nikon compendium : cameras, lenses &
(PDF). Retrieved 31 December 2018.
accessories since 1917. New York: Lark Books. ISBN 1-57990-592-7.
10. "Nikonos III Repair Manual"(http://ss-it.de/data/nikonos/Nikonos%20III.pdf)
2. "Nikon - Imaging Products - Evolution of NIKONOS"(http://imaging.nikon.com/hi
(PDF). Retrieved 31 December 2018.
story/chronicle/history-nikonos/index.htm). Imaging.nikon.com. Retrieved
13 November 2018. 11. "Nikonos IV-A Repair Manual" (http://ss-it.de/data/nikonos/Nikonos%20IV
.pdf)
(PDF). Retrieved 31 December 2018.
3. "Camera Chronicle Part 17: Nikonos (I)/ -II / III"(https://imaging.nikon.com/histor
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External links
Evolution of the Nikonos, by Nikon
The Nikonos System, Andew Dawson, Photo.net, 2003
Underwater photography range, Nikon USA
Nikonos underwater camera models, Photography In Malaysia

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