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Aircraft Smoke Bombs: Restricted OP 1050 Second Revision
Aircraft Smoke Bombs: Restricted OP 1050 Second Revision
SECOND REVISION
28 NOVEMBER 1945
This publication is RESTRICTED and shall be safeguarded in accordance with the security
provisions of U. S . Navy Regulations, 1920, Article 76.
NAVY DEPARTMENT
BUREAU OF ORDNANCE
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.
28 November 1945
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G. F. HuSSEY, JR .
PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
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Figure 1-100-Ib. Aircraft Smoke Bomb Mark 3
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
SECTION 2
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OD
52 1--
:S M
Ilnlllllpl XXXXXXXX`
Figure 2
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AIRCRAFT FLOATING SMOKE BOMBS
3. Packing and Marking. The Aircraft Float- mum striking velocity of 795 feet per second .
ing Smoke Bombs are shipped complete with The Smoke Bombs Mark 1 Mod 1 and Mark 1
fuzes and suspension bands packed in wire- Mod 2 have a ballistic coefficient of 0.627 and
bound cleated plywood boxes. The 50-lb. smoke an approximate maximum striking velocity of
bombs are packed two to a box. The 100-lb . 694 feet per second .
smoke bomb is packed one to a box.
E. Ignition
C. Installation The Smoke Bombs Mark 1 Mod 1 and Mark 1
1. The 100-lb . Aircraft Smoke Bomb Mark 3 Mod 2 and the Smoke Bomb Mark 3 Mod 0 are
Mod 0 (Figs. 1 & 2) . The 100-lb. Smoke Bomb all equipped with the water impact nose fuze
Mark 3 Mod 0 has two movable suspension bands. Mark 3 Mod 1 (Fig. 5) . This fuze, when installed
It may be suspended from any bomb rack or in the bomb and the bomb released over water,
shackle subject to the following functions upon impact as follows : The firing
(a) For external racks requiring two-lug sus- pin, which is held in place by a creep spring, is
pension the nose baffle and suspension lugs driven into a primer by fluid pressure . The spit
should be in line with a plane bisecting two ad- of the primer ignites a length of time fuze which
jacent tail fins (Fig. 2) . This is the normal posi- gives an 18-second delay. The time fuze ignites
tion of the suspension bands. a quick match which ignites the starting mix-
(b) For internal bomb bay suspension from ture, and this initiates the burning of the smoke
two-hook shackles or racks the suspension lugs mixture. Gas pressure formed by the burning
and nose baffle must be rotated 45 degrees until smoke mixture breaks the vent discs and opens
they line up in the same plane as one fin of the the valve cap at the tail of the bomb, permitting
tail. the smoke to be emitted .
(c) For single-hook bomb rack suspension,
the leading band should be moved back to a F. Fuze Adapter Mark 1 Mod 0
position 20 inches behind the nose fuze. The The Floating Smoke Bomb Fuze Adapter
other band should be rotated 90 degrees and Mark 1 Mod 0 (Fig . 6) is an adapter designed
positioned 8 inches behind the front band . This for use with the 100-lb . Aircraft Smoke Bomb
second band then provides a metal surface for Mark 3 Mod 0 and the 50-lb . Aircraft Smoke
the rear steadying fork of the bomb rack . Bombs Mark 1 Mod 1 and Mark 1 Mod 2. These
2. The 50-lb. Aircraft Smoke Bombs Mark 1 smoke bombs are shipped with the water impact
Mod 1 and Mark 1 Mod 2 (Figs. 3 & 4) . The Fuze Mark 3 Mod 1 . By means of the Fuze
50-lb. smoke bombs have either one or two mov- Adapter Mark 1 Mod 0 the Fuze Mark 3 Mod 1
able suspension bands or a movable band with will function on either land or water impact . The
an additional attached lug. They may be used adapter may easily be installed over the fuze in
with either single or double suspension . the field without modification to the bomb . The
3. TBF Type Aircraft Capacity. The capacity adapter is installed over the fuze and secured
of TBF type aircraft with complete operational by tightening three set screws on the base of
equipment is ten Bombs Mark 1 Mod 1 or Mark the adapter. After the bomb is installed in the
1 Mod 2, or four bombs Mark 3 Mod 0. When airplane, the arming wire is threaded into the
bomb bays are equipped with bombs only, the adapter and adjusted to protrude about four
capacity is twelve bombs Mark 1 Mod 1 or Mark inches . Two Fahnestock safety clips are slipped
1 Mod 2, or six bombs Mark 3 Mod 0. over the end of the arming wire, the safety wire
4. Arming Wires. Arming wires are required is removed . The bomb is ready for take off.
for the 100-lb . Bomb Mark 3 Moil 0 or the 50-lb. When the bomb is released from the plane the
Bomb Mark 1 Mod 1 or Mark 1 Mod 2 only when arming wire is pulled releasing the spring loaded
the fuze adapter Mark 1 Mod 0 is used . guard which falls free and the adapter is armed.
Upon impact the push pin is forced into the
D. Ballistics firing pin, which is driven into the primer . The
The Smoke Bomb Mark 3 Mod 0 has a ballistic ignition is then similar to that described in para-
coefficient of 0.882 and an approximate maxi- graph E above.
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Figure 3
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Figure 4
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Figure 5
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100-LB. QUICK-OPENING CLUSTER E44
G. Use
The Navy floating smoke bombs were originally
designed for use over water only, and should not
be used over land unless a Fuze Adapter Mark I
Mod 0 is installed. Tests indicate that these
bombs function satisfactorily when used under
the following conditions
Altitude of Release
in Feet Minimum Depth Typeof
(Level Bombing) of Water in Feet Bottom
SECTION 3
100-LB. QUICK-OPENING CLUSTER E44 OF 14 10-LB . HC SMOKE BOMBS M77
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9
AIRCRAFT SMOKE BOMBS OP 1050
2. Operation. A retaining pin is removed from attached to the arming mechanism of the rack
the fuze when the fuzed bombs are assembled or shackle .
in the cluster . While the bombs are in the clus- 3. Three suspension lugs are set in reinforc-
ter, their proximity holds a release clip to the ing plates directly below the upper suspension
body of the fuze . When the bombs are released, bar. The lugs are held up by cotter pins inserted
the arming pin and release clip are forced out just above the suspension bar. When packed in
by the arming pin spring, permitting the safety the shipping box, these cotter pins are removed,
pin to enter the cavity in the striker . Impact allowing the lugs to assume a lowered position .
forces the striker and sleeve together, piercing The three cotter pins will be found wired to the
the primer, which in turn ignites the first fire center suspension lug. Before installation of the
mixture, which ignites the HC smoke mix. The cluster is attempted, the cotter pins must be re-
heat generated by the burning of the first fire moved from their shipping position and inserted
mixture and the HC smoke mix melts the zinc to hold up the desired suspension lugs . That is,
alloy fuze body. The smoke is then emitted if the cluster is to be suspended from a double
through the fuze hole in the tail cup. CAUTION hook rack or shackle, the center lug will be left
Once the arming pin jumps out, the fuze is armed in the lowered position and cotter pins inserted
and any attempt to reinsert it may cause the through the fore and aft lugs only. If suspension
fuze to fire . from a single hook rack or shackle is desired,
3. Painting and Marking. The 10-lb. Smoke only the center lug is raised and positioned by
Bomb M77 is painted blue gray overall with a a cotter pin.
1/.Z -inch yellow band 61 3 inches from the tail.
On one flat surface the symbol of filling, the 4. When the cluster is released armed, the
designation, loader's initial or symbol, date of arming wire is withdrawn, freeing the strap
filling (month and year) and loader's lot number buckles and allowing the bombs (and the cluster
are stenciled in %%8-inch yellow marking ink. adapter) to fall independently toward the in-
tended target. When released safe, the, whole
C. Description and Operation of the cluster plus arming wire is dropped from the rack
100-Lb. Smoke Bomb Cluster E44 or shackle and, as the bombs are retained in the
cluster, the fuzes cannot arm. If the cluster is
1. The Smoke Bomb Cluster E44 consists
not dropped, the safety wire should again be
primarily of an M4 cluster adapter, in which inserted through the holes provided in the
fourteen 10-lb. HC Smoke Bombs M77 are buckle-type fasteners and the entire cluster
secured . The complete cluster, weighing 193
pounds, is issued fully assembled and ready for stowed in its original shipping box.
installation in the airplane. 5. Painting and Marking-On one end of the
2. The cluster adapter consists of two parallel 100-lb. Quick-Opening Cluster E44 the following
channelized bars ; one forms the base of the is stenciled in black :
adapter while the other, termed the suspension Cluster Adapter M4 (100-lb. size)
bar, affords means for attaching the cluster to a Cluster, Smoke Bomb, E44 (100-lb. size)
rack or shackle . Two twin steel end plates at 14 10-lb. (HC) M77
right angles to the bars complete the adapter
frame. The bombs are held within the adapter FRONT
in two bundles of seven, each bundle being sup- WT . 193 lbs.
ported by two steel bands circumscribing the 6. Packaging - The 100-lb. Quick-Opening
cluster . The ends of the bands are brought Cluster M25 is packed in a watertight cylindrical
together above the suspension bar and secured steel container 407/8 inches long and 108/4 inches
by a buckle-type fastener . When packed for ship- in diameter (the total weight of the container
ping the buckles are prevented from opening by
both the arming wire and safety wire. Upon and contents is approximately 223 pounds) . The
installation, the safety wire is withdrawn and container is painted olive drab with a 1/,2-inch
the swivel loop of thc- forward arming wire is yellow band painted around the container . The
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l7 U
SECTION 4
A. General
The 100-lb . Smoke Bomb M47A2 and AN-
M47A3 (Figs. 10 & 11) consists of a 100-lb .
Bomb Body M47A2 filled with either 100 pounds
of WP (white phosphorus) or 72 pounds of PWP
(plasticized white phosphorus-a mixture of
white phosphorus and synthetic rubber in
xylene) . This bomb is equipped with a tetryl
or black powder burster, and an instantaneous
functioning, air-arming nose Fuze AN-M126AL
The only difference between the M47A2 and the
AN-M47A3 is in the length of the tail fins . The
tail fins of the AN-M47A3 are three inches longer
for increased flight stability.
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100413. SMOKE BOMB M47A2 AND AN-M47A3
A-inch lap-welded steel and is threaded at the 3. Thread the arming wire through the arm-
nose to take an axial burster well, which extends ing wire guide and tab on the vane of the fuze
to the tail of the bomb body. A sheet steel box- and adjust the wire to protrude four inches
type tail assembly is welded to the bomb body. beyond the vane.
With the burster well installed, the bomb empty 4. Slip two safety clips (Fahnestock connec-
weighs approximately 26 pounds . Two suspen- tions) over the arming wire and push them up
sion bands of sheet steel, each equipped with a to the arming wire tab on the vane of the fuze.
suspension lug, circumscribe the bomb body. The 5. Remove the seal wire from the fuze.
bomb ready for dropping weighs approximately 6. Remove adhesive tape from the fuze collar
126 pounds when loaded with Wl' and 98 pounds if present .
when loaded with PWP.
The Smoke Bombs M47A2 and AN-M47A3 D . Special Precautions for Fuze AN-Ml 26A1
may be suspended from any two-hook or single- The nose Fuze AN-M126A1 lacks certain de-
hook racks or shackles . For suspension from sirable safety characteristics, because this fuze,
single hook racks or shackles, one suspension although air arming, is constructed with the fir-
band is removed and the remaining band ing pin in line with the detonator. If the 100-lb.
loosened, slid up to approximately the center of Smoke Bomb M47A2 equipped with this fuze is
gravity of the bomb and then retightened. dropped nose down onto a hard surface from a
height of several feet or more, the fuze, although
B. Complete Round Assembly unarmed, is liable to detonate the burster be-
The complete round assembly for the 100-lb . cause the fuze body can be crushed sufficiently
Smoke Bomb M47A2 and AN-M47A3 consists to force the firing pin into the detonator of the
of the following components fuze .
1. 100-lb . Smoke Bomb M47A2 or AN-M47A3 The fuze AN-M126A1 may be used in the
filled with 100 pounds of WP (white phosphorus) 100-lb . Smoke Bomb M47A2 by both land-based
with burster well installed and burster well cav- and carrier-based Naval aircraft providing that
ity plugged with a cork . the fuze is installed only after the bomb has
2. Burster M4 (1 .56 pounds of tetryl) for high been installed in the aircraft, and providing that
altitude bombing ; or Burster M18 (260 grams of all bombs equipped with fuze AN-M126A1 are
Black Powder and 260 grams Sand) for low alti- jettisoned before landing.
tude bombing ; or Burster M7 (520 grams of A new fuze, the M159, has been developed to
Black Powder) may be substituted for either replace the fuze AN-M126AL The fuze M159
Burster M4 or M18. All bursters are 37.5 inches incorporates a detonator safe feature and may
long by 1 .0 inch in diameter. When loaded with be installed in bombs prior to their installation
PWP this bomb takes the Burster M20 (400 in the aircraft . The fuze M159 is safe for all
grams of tetryl) 37 .5 inches long by 0.75 inch takeoffs (including catapult) and landings (in-
in diameter. cluding arrested) anywhere .
3. Arming wire assembly .
4 . Bomb Nose Fuze AN-M126AL E. Painting and Marking
The body of the 100-lb . Smoke Bomb M47A2
C. Installation of Fuze AN-M126A1 is painted blue-grey. All marking and lettering
The nose fuze AN-M126A1 is installed in the on the bomb is in yellow lacquer enamel or
100-lb . Smoke Bomb M47A2 as follows : water-proof yellow ink . The bomb has 1-inch
l. Thread the arming wire through the front wide yellow band, denoting smoke filling, 51/z
suspension lug of the bomb . The bomb is now inches forward of the rear suspension band. The
ready to be installed in the airplane . words "100-LB SMOKE BOMB M47A2" are
2. After the bomb is installed in the airplane, printed in 1-inch letters beginning 1 inch aft of
the fuze AN-M126A1 is screwed into the nose the forward suspension band . Immediately aft
of the bomb, hand-tight, until it seats. Use no of this lettering is "BURSTER M4" and "WP
tools. FILLING" in 3/.1,-inch letters. One-half inch for-
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AIRCRAFT SMOKE BOMBS OP 1050
ward of the rear suspension band in 1/2-inch let- The Bursters M4 are packed fifty to a wooden
ters is the lot number, date of loading, and the box. The dimensions of the box are 3.44 feet by
identification mark of the loading facility. 1 .09 feet by 0.69 foot . The approximate weight
of the box and contents is 148 pounds . The
Bursters M7 or M18 are also packed fifty to a
F. Packaging
wooden box of similar dimensions, weighing 128
The 100-lb . Smoke Bomb M47A2 is shipped pounds per box.
unfuzed and without burster or arming wire in The Fuzes AN-M126A1 are packed twelve to
a wooden box, one bomb to a box. The dimen- a cardboard carton, four cartons to a wooden
sions of the box are 91:3 inches by 10 1, 92 inches box. The dimensions of the box are 11yV inches
by 50 3 inches . The shipping weight is approxi- by 9 ?, 21 inches by 23 ,1 6 inches . The approximate
mately 150-170 pounds . The shipping box is weight of the box and contents is 80 pounds .
marked with the same information which is on Arming wire assemblies are shipped in indi-
the bomb body . vidual water-proof envelopes, 100 envelopes to
The markings on the shipping box are for a carton, six cartons to a wooden box. The dimen-
identification of the material, and to comply with sions of the boxes may vary. The approximate
Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations . weight of the box and contents is 75 pounds.
If smoke bomb shipping containers are re- The Navy will furnish Mark 3 arming wire
painted, they should be marked with a facsimile assemblies to replace arming wires supplied by
of the original markings . the Army .
Figure 12-Foreground: typical smoke emission of Floating Smoke Bomb Mark 3 Mod 0
five minutes after initiation
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Figure 13-Frontal screen fonshore wind conditions) from Floating Smoke Bombs Mark 1 Mod T
over 1,000 yards of beach
SECTION 5
PRECAUTIONS IN MAINTENANCE
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AIRCRAFT SMOKE BOMBS OP 1050
smoke is released in enclosed places, and also AN-M47A3, WP filled or PWP filled, should be
when personnel are subjected to prolonged stowed, protected from rain, spray, and direct
exposures. however light. sunlight, and topside where jettisoning is readily
possible . Ashore the bombs should be stowed
B. WP Munitions in fireproof magazines away from all other types
of munitions . No WP munitions should be
1 . Handling. As WP munitions ignite spon- stowed at temperatures exceeding 100° F.
taneously in contact with air they should not 3. Decontamination. White phosphorus fires
be handled roughly lest their air-tight integrity are easily extinguished permanently with a 5
be destroyed. If a fire does occur, personnel per cent copper sulfate solution . If this solution
should wear gloves and keep both the gloves and is not available, water or wet sand may be used
their shoes wet. WP smoke is toxic on prolonged to temporarily extinguish the fires. Fires thus
and repeated inhalation, but is not likely to be extinguished will re-ignite when the phosphorus
harmful in the concentrations found in smoke has dried out . Therefore, they must be kept
screens in the open . Gas masks afford complete wet until all the white phosphorus has been
protection from concentrated WP smoke, but removed. WP in contact with the skin will cause
they tend to become clogged, and therefore they severe and lingering burns . Places of contact
should not be worn except where serious ex- should be immediately washed and kept wet until
posure in enclosed spaces is involved . the phosphorus has been removed. Washing the
2 . Stowage. Since any bomb leakage or affected area with soda solution, followed with
malfunctioning in stowage would result in a 5 per cent copper sulfate solution, is very
generation of quantities of acrid smoke and fires effective, but greasy ointments should never
which are difficult to permanently extinguish on be used as such ointments merely spread the
board ship, the 100-lb . Smoke Bombs M47A2 or contamination .
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Figure 15-Flank screens each produced by six bombs M47A2, PWP-filled, 21/4 minutes after burst.
Screens were being maintained by burning pieces of PWP and were effective for 10 minutes
DISTRIBUTION
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