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Topic:Energy Conservation
Name-Pradeep Kumar Sharma Roll No.-45
Section-B6004 Reg. No.-11007053
Submitted to- Nisha Saxena
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Olimate change
By reducing emissions, energy conservation is an important part of lessening climate
change. Energy conservation facilitates the replacement of non-renewable
resources with renewable energy. Energy conservation is often the most economical solution
to energy shortages, and is a more environmentally being alternative to increased energy
production.

Energy conservation policies

Electrical energy conservation is an important element of energy policy. Energy
conservation reduces the energy consumption and energy demand per capita and thus
offsets some of the growth in energy supply needed to keep up with population growth
Energy conservation by country

India
Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) www.pcra.org is an Indian
government body created in 1976 and engaged in promoting energy efficiency and
conservation in every walk of life. In the recent past PCRA has done mass media campaign s
in television, radio & print media. An impact assessment survey by a third party revealed
that due to these mega campaigns by PCRA, overall awareness level have gone up leading to
saving of fossil fuels worth crores of rupees besides reducing pollution.

Bureau of Energy Efficiency is an Indian governmental organization created in 2002

responsible for promoting energy efficiency and conservation.
rapan
cince the 1973 oil crisis, energy conservation has been an issue in Japan. All oil based fuel is
imported, so indigenous sustainable energy is being developed.

The Energy Conservation Center promotes energy efficiency in every aspect of Japan. Private
entities are implementing the efficient use of energy for industries.

European Union
At the end of 2006, the European Union-EU pledged to cut its annual consumption of
primary energy by 20% by 2020. The 'European Union Energy Efficiency Action Plan' is long
awaited.

As part of the EU's cAVE Programme,[2] aimed at promoting energy efficiency and
encouraging energy-saving behaviour, the Boiler Efficiency Directive[3] specifies minimum
levels of efficiency for boilers fired with liquid or gaseous fuels .

United Kingdom
Energy conservation in the United Kingdom has been receiving increased attention
over recent years. Key factors behind this are the Government's commitment to
reducing carbon emissions, the projected 'energy gap' in UK electricity generation, and the
increasing reliance on imports to meet national energy needs. Domestic housing and road
transport are currently the two biggest problem areas.

United States
The United ctates is currently the largest single consumer of energy. The U.c.
Department of Energy categorizes national energy use in four broad sectors: transportation,
residential, commercial, and industrial. [4]

Energy usage in transportation and residential sectors, about half of U.c. energy
consumption, is largely controlled by individual domestic consumers. Commercial and
industrial energy expenditures are determined by businesses entities and other facility
managers. National energy policy has a significant effect on energy usage across all four
sectors, and its strengthening is part of the 2010 Presidential -Congressional legislative
debate.
Issues with energy conservation

Advocates and critics of various forms and policies of energy conservation debate some
issues, such as:
 uY ctandard economic theory suggests that technological improvements increase energy
efficiency, rather than reduce energy use. This is called the Jevons Paradox and it is
said to occur in two ways. Firstly, increased energy efficiency makes the use of energy
relatively cheaper, thus encouraging increased use. cecondly, increased energy
efficiency leads to increased economic growth, which pulls up energy use in the
whole economy. This does not imply that increased fuel efficiency is worthless,
increased fuel efficiency enables greater production and a higher quality of life.
However, in order to reduce energy consumption, efficiency gains must be paired
with a government intervention that reduces demand (a green tax, cap and trade).
uY come retailers argue that bright lighting stimulates purchasing. However, health
studies have demonstrated that headache, stress, blood pressure, fatigue and worker
error all generally increase with the common over-illumination present in many
workplace and retail settings. It has been shown that natural daylighting increases
productivity levels of workers, while reducing energy consumption.
uY The use of telecommuting by major corporations is a significant o pportunity to
conserve energy, as many Americans now work in service jobs that enable them to
work from home instead of commuting to work each day.
uY Electric motors consume more than 60% of all electrical energy generated and are
responsible for the loss of 10 to 20% of all electricity converted into mechanical
energy.
References

uY Gary cteffy, Architectural Lighting Design, John Wiley and cons (2001) IcBN 0-471-
38638-3
uY Lumina Technologies, Analysis of energy consumption in a can Francisco Bay Area
research office complex, for (confidential) owner, canta Rosa, Ca. May 17, 1996
uY GcA paves way for IT-based buildings
uY The official homepage for the European Intelligent Metering proje ct.


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