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Sine Sweep2
Sine Sweep2
CHAPTER 4
4.1 INTRODUCTION
type of testing usually will cycle up and down repetitively between frequency
limits for a specified time or number of sweep cycles to ensure that adequate
reliability levels are attained.
This chapter deals with the sine sweep tests conducted on DIP and
PCB assembly subjected to sinusoidal vibrations at a constant input
acceleration of 1G, 2G, and 3G. The dynamic responses of the PCB assembly
mounted on plastic spacers at different input acceleration levels are studied
and the influence of rubber spacers and rubber pads as vibration isolators (or
damping mechanism) on the dynamic responses is investigated by
experimental and numerical methods. Before explaining about the
experimental procedure, a brief introduction to the relationship between
acceleration level, natural frequency & displacement, and the transmissibility
ratio is given in the following sections.
dynamic stresses, which are needed for the calculation of the expected fatigue
life of the critical electronic structural members. Dynamic displacements are
very difficult to observe and to measure. Acceleration levels are easy to
obtain with the use of small accelerometers, and frequencies are easy to
obtain directly from the electrodynamic shakers performing the vibration.
0 . 2485 * G
Z (4.1)
0 f n2
0 . 2485 * G *Q
Z in
0 f n2
(4.2)
4.1.2 Transmissibility
0.76
fn
Q J (4.3)
(Gin ) 0.6
mounted on the fixture using four fastening screws and plastic stand-offs
(spacers) placed at the corners of the PCB.
PC and Digital
Power 4-Channel Signal
Accelerometers Vibration
Amplifier Conditioner Control Software
Fixture PCB Shaker
Plastic spacer
16 pin DIP
Table 4.2 Acceleration values (Peak –G) of the PCB assembly mounted on
plastic spacers
Rubber
spacer
The sine sweep test at an input acceleration level of 1G, 2G, and 3G
were conducted when the PCB assembly was mounted on rubber spacers
(dimensions are given in Appendix 1). The response of PCB assembly to 1G
input acceleration when mounted on rubber spacers is as shown in Figure 4.7.
From the figure it is observed that, the peak acceleration levels at first and
fifth mode are reduced by 28% and 29% respectively. Similarly, the peak
acceleration levels at higher frequencies are also reduced by considerable
amount. The natural frequencies, output acceleration levels, and displacement
values due to different input acceleration levels are tabulated in Tables 4.4,
4.5, and 4.6 respectively. The response curves of the PCB assembly due to
2G, and 3G input accelerations are shown in Appendix 1.
102
Table 4.5 Acceleration values (Peak –G) of the PCB assembly mounted
on rubber spacers
Figures 4.8 and 4.9 show the comparison of the peak acceleration
(output) levels for the PCB mounted on plastic spacers and rubber spacers for
all the input acceleration levels. From Figure 4.8 it is evident that, the output
acceleration levels increases with increase in input acceleration and are
amplified at resonant frequencies. So, by using rubber spacers, the resonance
amplification is reduced and this fact is evident from Figure 4.9. The
acceleration amplitudes at all the resonant frequencies are reduced by a
considerable amount.
Figure 4.8 Peak acceleration levels Figure 4.9 Peak acceleration levels
with the PCB mounted on plastic with the PCB mounted on rubber
spacers spacers
105
From the above results it is seen that, the rubber spacers help in
reducing the transmissibility ratio, output acceleration levels, and
displacements of the PCB assembly, compared to the response of the PCB
assembly mounted on plastic spacers.
4.2.3 Sine Sweep Tests with the PCB Assembly Mounted on Rubber
Pads
reduced by 81%. The responses of the PCB assembly using the three methods
(due to1G input acceleration level) are tabulated in Table 4.7 for comparison.
f 2.4
0.026 (4.4)
2 * fn 2 * 46
110
fl fh
From Table 4.8 it is seen that, the damping ratio for the PCB
mounted on rubber spacers is 0.038 i.e., an increase of about 32% in the
damping ratio when compared to damping ratio of PCB mounted on plastic
spacers. Similarly, the damping ratio for the PCB mounted on rubber pads is
found to be 0.044 which is about 41% more compared to plastic spacers and
14% more compared to rubber spacers. Thus, increase in damping ratio of the
system has resulted in reduced transmissibility ratio and displacement.
Displacement in mm
Procedure (at fundamental frequency due to 1G input)
Plastic Spacer Rubber Spacer Rubber Pads
Experimental 2.93 2.01 0.55
ANSYS 2.76 2.18 0.53
During the sine sweep tests, it was observed that the plastic spacers
started failing at higher input accelerations (3G) and it is shown in
Figure 4.21. Therefore, at higher input acceleration levels plastic spacers will
not last longer and rubber spacers are the alternative solution.
116
Deformed face
of plastic spacer