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Heydar Aliyev
Heydar Aliyev
This report presents a case study of the project. It will include the background information, a synopsis of the
architect's mastery of structural design. Also, some special elements of this building will be discussed in detail.
And the structural design of the whole complex will be reviewed through diagrams and the simplified computer-
based structural analysis.
West Entrance
Auditorium Bar
Administration
LEVEL SEVEN LEVEL EIGHT LEVEL NINE
Structural Features
Baku, which in old Farsi means ‘where wind beats’, is subject to
high wind loads throughout the year, and as the city lies within a
seismic zone, the project’s structural engineers faced a multitude
of challenges. The freeform structure of the project derives from
the architectural design concept of modifying a single surface to
adopt different functional requirements. The aim was to create a
large column-free space giving visitors the opportunity of
experiencing the fluidity of the interior. To achieve this, vertical
elements are absorbed by the envelope and curtain wall system.
The Heydar Aliyev Centre consists of 2 structural systems: Space
Frame and concrete with a single movement joint (Figure 1 and 3 Figure 1. Structural System - Space Frame
on the following page).
Figure 3. Structural System - Overall View Figure 2. Structural System - Concrete Cores
Building Components and System
Space Frame Concrete
The space frame enables the construction of this free form Reinforced concrete is mainly used to construct shear walls as
structure while offering significant savings in time throughout the the partition to separate main spaces and to support the space
construction process. The surface geometry driven by the frame. It also used to construct the footing of the building. As
architecture, dictates the need to pursue unconventional Earthquakes are one of the biggest threats to construction in Baku,
structural solutions; the introduction of curved ‘boot columns’ to the building must be reinforced by massive 150-foot-long
achieve the inverse peel of the surface from the ground at the concrete piles buried below the Earth's surface to withstand an
west, and the cantilever beams ‘dovetails’ tapering towards the earthquake measuring up to magnitude 7.0.
free end, supporting building envelope at the east. The
substructure enables the incorporation of a flexible relationship
between the rigid structural grid of the space frame and the free-
formed exterior cladding seams which derive from complex
geometry rationalization, architectural aesthetics and usage.
Special nodes
Due to the large span of the space frame,
it is connected to the reinforced concrete
structure in addition to the support of
the columns and directly to
the foundation, in order to maintain the
stability of the structure as much as
possible. The method of maintaining
stability is to extend the steel core beam
from the reinforced concrete core tube,
fix the vertical steel member to the joist,
and connect the space frame to the joist.
The museum occupies 9 floors with exhibition halls, administrative office, restaurant and a cafeteria. It consists of a
permanent gallery and a temporary exhibition gallery. In the temporary gallery, a double-height space lobby is in the
entrance with curve ceiling in the above. It has a very thin slab of 8-13mm thickness which covers the ceiling so
they would have a very light self-weight transferring to the foundation. The ceiling is made by steel trusses of nearly
1.5 meters height that support its self-weight as well, serving as a cantilever of 25 meters and transferring loads to the
element B –the tilt shear wall with a wide of 1.4 meter. Then the loads are carried by 3.1 meters thick mat foundation
and 1.1 meter thick piles underground. The element C is a cantilever floor that spans approximately 20.4 meters
supported by the tilt shear wall. In order to reach the large span, the structure could be two-way concrete waffle slab
with a height of nearly 2.2 meters. As for the basement, it is a grids patterns constructed by the concrete flat slab and
columns.
In the permanent collection gallery, the space is
divided by element B, the tilt shear wall. Element D
spans nearly 9.8 meters while element E spans 8.2
meters measuring 1.2 meter depth. This beam in turn
supports both dead loads and live loads from roof and
the floor of exhibition and then transfer forces to the
mat foundation.
11.046 3.092
17.289
11.0463.0924.738
25.1782219.28.69 11.147
4.738
2925..57.8219.8269 11.147
13.171
13.171
6.193
1.194
6.193 1.194 0.645
0.645 4.084 6.416 43.73135.903
4.084 59.24
51.38859.531 49.826
62.59349112.826.574
112.574
180.265180.265
242.42412.441 188.016
295.613295.613 325.816
342.527342384.527.986
378.029378188.029.016
325.384816.986
4.137
4828.137.509
997.017
372.23372.23
29.646 586.914
586.914
828.509
83.707 92.511
59.931
61.531
Shear diagram under wind load
2.6862.786
2.272 1.936
.321
2.8512.881 0.265
0.89
0.085
0.916 0.501
1.477 1.407 6.421 6.749 3.737 1.278 3.959 19.634
18.31818.572
2.912 17.526
2.3340.955 15.614
14.174
9.804
2.037
2.022
62.34
28.107
6.245
7.262
3.78 3.934
62.209
59.954
62.663
47.633 72.771
Member axial reactions under wind load
1.85T5.823T 9.577T
2.275C 13.146T
16.801T
2.689C
2.064C2.022C 3.263C 20.501T 24.185T 27.848T 31.623T 31.24T 36.295T 40.035T43.789T 49.688T53.842T57.761T
29.024T 32.487T
38.161T42.308T45.738T 58.661T
62.891T
60.159T
28.01T
31.558T
2.881C
31.628T
0.584C 73.623T
18.173C
4.841C 3.554T
39.012C
48.271C
50.581C
42.163C
Gravity
• For gravity, The construction has been used 121,000 cube meters of reinforced concrete, 194,000tn
formwork and 19,000tn mold steel. The density of reinforced concrete is 2400 kilogram per cube meters,
so we can use 2400 to multiply 121,000 to get the weight of reinforced concrete, and the number is
290,400, 000 kilogram.
• Since 1tn=907.2kg, and we already know it uses 194,000tn formwork and 19,000tn mold steel, we
can convert it to kilogram. The weight of formwork is 175,996,800kg, while the weight of mold steel is
17,236,800kg.
• Adding these three number together, we can get the total weight is 483,633,600kg, or 4739609.28KN
• The total floor area is 101,801 square meters, so we use 4739609.28 divided by 101,801 to get 46.56 kN
per square meters.
Moment diagram under gravity
3527.81
3253.639
266.723 2808.454
266.723
173.837
173.837 1790.12
770.1153663.963 770.1153663.963
161664.964.964
21012101.32.32 209.209 1112.871
23912391.33.33 209.209 274.171 247.626 671.69571.695
972.505
1066.345 1432.468
305.11 49.133
243.621 203.526
305.11203.526
1432.468
1586.669
1800.367
2778.1041800.367 746.774
746.774 1586.669
960.823960.823
120 938
2778.104
1524.876
179.588 174
202.193
117.982
Shear diagram under gravity
335.193
288.862
185.928
147.37
196.272 103.185
57.485 365.196
318.918
12.768
31.771
157.311
46.998 109.841
78.508 2.963 64.188
127.155 43.366 17.332
44.137
173.157
90.807 29.831 211.733
272.016
13.24 222.345 137.612 76.333
268.944 307.53
123.23269.76
167.177
294.505 173.915
13.359
12.64
15.112 7.069
354.257
Member axial reactions under gravity
3.693C
7.704C
26.693C
18.129C13.24C
62.617C 10.127C
142.698C
23.221C
31.683C 25.843C
30.875C 12.076T 8.672T 28.483T
22.713T
37.795C 24.5C 19.299T 20.415T 17.167T 49.358T
10.724T 47.837T
41.706T
37.426T
31.442T
23.766T
7.355T
381.982C 21.822C
250125.866C.292C
139.88C
343.777C 221.723C
315.82T 682.125C
224.78C
254.571C
334.434C
341.49C
Summary
The design of the Heydar Aliyev Center establishes a continuous, fluid relationship between its surrounding
plaza and the building’s interior. This was achieved by using an ingenious and elegant structure system, which
has two collaborating systems: a concrete structure combined with a space frame system. Because vertical
structural elements are absorbed by the envelope and curtain wall system, the large-scale column-free
spaces can allow the visitor to experience the fluidity of the interior.
Another important issue is the building’s skin. To make the surface so continuous that it appears
homogenous, a broad range of different functions, construction logics and technical systems were brought
together and integrated into the building’s envelope. It makes the building appear homogenous since
different parts were covered and connected.
From this case, by analyzing the structural system and its relation with the exterior skin, we have seen how
the structure design can better help the design concept come true.