Water, Lead Sulphide, Hydrogen, Copper, Mercury, Carbon Dioxide'

Understanding Integrated Science for the 21st Century (3rd Edition) – Form 3
Unit 13: Metals
Short Question
|!|3eESA0133902001|!|
Complete the following table with the substances below:
‘water, lead sulphide, hydrogen, copper, mercury, carbon dioxide’
Physical state Element Compound
Solid
Liquid
Gas
(6 marks)
##
Physical state Element Compound
Solid Copper Lead sulphide
Liquid Mercury Water
Gas Hydrogen Carbon dioxide

(6m)
##
Skill assessed Marks
Understanding basic knowledge 6
|!|3eESA0133902002|!|
A chemical change is a change in which one or more new substances are formed. Give the new substances
formed from the following chemical changes.
(a) Corrosion of iron (1 mark)
(b) Mixing an acid and an alkali (2 marks)
(c) Burning magnesium in the Bunsen flame (1 mark)
(d) Respiration in plant or animal cells (2 marks)
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 92

Unit 13: Metals
##
(a) Rust (1m)
(b) Salt and water (2m)
(c) Magnesium oxide (1m)
(d) Carbon dioxide and water (2m)
##
(a)-(d) Understanding basic knowledge 6
|!|3eESA0133902003|!|
(a) The properties of a compound are very often quite different from those of its constituent elements.
State two differences in properties between iron and iron sulphide. (2 marks)
(b) Suggest a method to separate a mixture of iron powder and iron sulphide. (2 marks)
##
(a) Iron is a shiny solid while iron sulphide is a dull black powder. Furthermore, iron is magnetic while
iron sulphide is not. (2m)
(b) Use a magnet bar to attract iron powder from the mixture. (2m)
##
(a) Understanding basic knowledge 2
(b) Practical skills 2
|!|3eESA0133902004|!|
Ms Chan : Can you suggest an example of physical changes?
John : When a gas dissolves in water, it must show a physical change.
Ms Chan : I’m sorry. I can’t agree with you.
(a) What is a physical change? Give an example. (2 marks)
(b) By using a suitable example, explain why John has made a wrong statement. (2 marks)

Unit 13: Metals
##
(a) A physical change is a change in which no new substance is formed. (any reasonable example) (2m)
(b) When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, carbonic acid is formed./
When sulphur dioxide dissolves in rainwater, acid rain is formed. (2m)
##
(a) Understanding concepts 2
(b) Understanding basic knowledge 2
|!|3eESA0133902005|!|
(a) Name two metals that can exist in the form of element state in the earth’s crust. (2 marks)
(b) Which metal is in liquid state under room temperature and pressure? (1 mark)
##
(a) gold and silver (2m)
(b) mercury (1m)
##
(a)-(b) Understanding basic knowledge 3
|!|3eESA0133902006|!|
Which of the following are physical changes? Which are chemical changes?
(a) boiling of water to steam __________________________ (1 mark)
(b) bumping of carbon dioxide into lime water __________________________ (1 mark)
(c) dissolving the sugar into water __________________________ (1 mark)
(d) heating of lead oxide with carbon __________________________ (1 mark)
(e) iron corroding to form rust __________________________ (1 mark)
##
(a) physical change (1m)
(b) chemical change (1m)
(c) physical change (1m)
(d) chemical change (1m)
(e) chemical change (1m)
##

Unit 13: Metals

(a)-(e) Understanding basic knowledge 5
|!|3eESA0133902007|!|
(a) What is a physical change? Give an example. (2 marks)
(b) What is a chemical change? Give an example. (2 marks)
##
(a) A physical change involves the changes in the properties of a substance without changing the identity
of the substance. The substance only changes in appearance, volume, position or physical state. (any
sensible example) (2m)
(b) A chemical change involves the changes in identity of substance of which the new substances formed
with totally different properties are produced. (any sensible example) (2m)
##
|!|3eESA0133902008|!|
Carbon Oxygen
Chlorine Platinum
Nitrogen Sodium
Iron Sulphur
Lead Zinc
(a) Which of the above elements are non-metals? (5 marks)
(b) Which of the above elements usually exist in the form of gas at room temperature? (3 marks)

Unit 13: Metals
##
(a) Carbon, chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. (5m)
(b) Chlorine, nitrogen and oxygen. (3m)
##
|!|3eESA0133902009|!|
(a) What elements are the following compounds composed of?
1. carbon dioxide
2. carbon monoxide
3. table salt
4. pure water
5. copper sulphate (solid)
6. diamond
(6 marks)
(b) Which of the above is a toxic gas? (1 mark)
##
(a)
1. carbon dioxide Carbon, oxygen
2. carbon monoxide Carbon, oxygen
3. table salt Sodium, chlorine
4. pure water Hydrogen, oxygen
5. copper sulphate (solid) Copper, sulphur, oxygen, hydrogen
6. diamond Carbon
(6m)
(b) carbon monoxide. (1m)
##
|!|3eESA0133902010|!|

Unit 13: Metals
State the colours of the following compounds/ elements.
Compounds/ elements Colour
Aluminium
Copper sulphate solution
Hydrogen gas
Iodine (solid)
Iron
Magnesium oxide
Sodium chloride
Sulphur
(8 marks)
##
Compounds/ elements Colour
Aluminium Silvery white
Copper sulphate solution Blue
Hydrogen gas Colourless
Iodine (solid) Black/ violet
Iron Grey/ silvery white
Magnesium oxide White
Sodium chloride White
Sulphur Yellow
(8m)
##
|!|3eESA0133902011|!|
Determine whether each of the following changes is a physical change or a chemical change.
Write the answer in the space provided. (8 marks)
(a) magnesium is burned in air
(b) conducting electricity and heating up of an iron
(c) melting of wax

Unit 13: Metals
(d) cooking of vegetables

(e) dissolving concentrated orange juice in water
(f) heating a mixture of copper oxide and carbon powder
(g) mixing water and alcohol
(h) baking cake with baking powder
Physical changes: _____________________________________________
Chemical changes: ____________________________________________
##
Physical changes: BCEG; Chemical changes: ADFH (8m)
##
|!|3eESA0133902012|!|
The diagram below illustrates a method for separating a metal from its ore.
a jet of water
denser ore particle
vibrating table with water

grooves
lighter particle
(a) Suggest a name for this method. (1 mark)
(b) Suggest what the metal may be. (2 marks)
(c) Suggest what the lighter particles may be. (1 mark)
(d) Is it a chemical method of separation? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

Unit 13: Metals
##
(a) Panning (1m)
(b) Gold or silver (2m)
(c) Sand (1m)
(d) No. Chemical reaction does not occur during separation. (2m)
##
(a)-(c) Handling information 4
(d) Understanding basic knowledge 2
|!|3eESA0133902013|!|
(a) Suggest two reasons why copper can be used as electrical wires. (2 marks)
(b) Give an example of copper ores in nature. (1 mark)
(c) What is the name of the major compound in the above copper ore? (1 mark)
(d) What method do we usually use to extract copper from its ore? (1 mark)
##
(a) Copper is a good electrical conductor and it is ductile. (2m)
(b) Malachite (1m)
(c) Copper carbonate (1m)
(d) Carbon reduction (1m)
##
(a)-(d) Understanding basic knowledge 5
|!|3eESA0134002014|!|
‘14-carat gold is an alloy of metals which is widely used to make jewellery.’
(a) Except pure gold, what metals are used to make 14-carat gold? (2 marks)

Unit 13: Metals
(b) Suggest one advantage of using 14-carat gold over pure gold. (1 mark)
##
(a) Silver and copper (2m)
(b) It is harder than pure gold. (1m)
##
|!|3eESB0134001015|!|
You are given a piece of material. State three physical methods to test if it is a metal or not. (3 marks)
##
Observe it. A metal should be shiny (may try to rub it with sand paper). Put it into a cup of hot water and
feel it to see if it is a good conductor of heat. Try if it can conduct electricity with a little light bulb and
battery. Feel it, lift it up. It might be heavy, as the densities of metals are high. Try to hammer it to test its
malleability and see if it is hard or soft. Try to lengthen it to see if it is as ductile as metals. Try to heat it. It
should not melt easily as the boiling points of metals should be high. (Any three of the above) (3m)
##
|!|3eESA0134001016|!|
(a) What properties of metals can an iron wire show? (4 marks)
(b) What properties of metals can an aluminium foil show? (4 marks)

Unit 13: Metals
##
(a) ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity, shiny surface, high melting point and high density.
(4m)
(b) malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity, shiny surface, high melting point (high density is
incorrect) (4m)
##
|!|3eESB0134002017|!|
(a) The filament of a light bulb is made of tungsten. What properties must this metal have in order to be
filaments? (3 marks)
(b) Which alloy do we use to make the shell of aeroplanes? Why don’t we use aluminum instead?
(3 marks)
##
(a) It must be very ductile and have very high melting point. Also, it is not too expensive. (3m)
(b) We use duralumin. It is stronger than aluminium. It is only a bit denser than aluminium, but it is still
light enough to be the shell. Also, it is not too expensive. (3m)
##
|!|3eESA0134002018|!|
(a) Complete the following table. (4 marks)
Metallic Parts Properties of the Metallic Parts
A
The metallic body

Unit 13: Metals
B
The filament
C
The overhead electric cable
D
The hammer head
(b) Which of the above metallic parts is/are made of metal(s) in element form? What is/are the metal(s)?
(4 marks)
(c) Which of the above metallic parts is/are made of alloy(s)? What is the name of the alloy(s)? What
is/are its/theirs composing element(s)? (6 marks)
(d) Why the metallic part(s) in (c) is/are made of alloy(s) instead of its/theirs major composing metal
alone? (4 marks)
##
(a)
A High melting point, good conductor of heat, non-toxic, resistant to corrosion
B Ductile, high melting point, good conductor of electricity
C Ductile, light, high tensile strength, good conductor of electricity, resistant to corrosion
D High density, strong and hard
(4m)
(b) B, tungsten. C, aluminium (4m)
(c) A, stainless steel/iron, chromium, nickel and carbon. D, steel/iron and carbon (6m)
(d) For A, stainless steel is used instead of pure iron because it is more resistant to corrosion than iron.
That means stainless steel can resist the attack of water, air, and chemicals involved in cooking. As it is

Unit 13: Metals
not easily rusted, it keeps a shiny appearance. (2m)

For B, steel is used instead of pure iron because it is stronger and harder than iron. That means steel
can withstand the impact during hammering better than pure iron. (2m)
##
(a)-(c) Handling information 14
|!|3eESA0134002019|!|
‘Aluminium and copper can be processed to make an alloy. This alloy is a desirable material for making
aeroplanes.’
(a) What is the name of the alloy? (1 mark)
(b) Why can’t pure aluminium be used to make an aeroplane? (1 mark)
(c) Suggest one common use of aluminium metal. (1 mark)
(d) Although aluminium is an abundant metal in the Earth’s crust, aluminium products and its alloys are
quite expensive. Suggest a reason. (1 mark)
(e) Why can’t aluminium form alloy with lead on Earth? (2 marks)
##
(a) Duralumin (1m)
(b) Pure aluminium is too soft. (1m)
(c) Kitchen foil or window frames or soft drink cans (any 1) (1m)
(d) The cost of extraction of aluminium is very high. (1m)
(e) This is because molten lead is much denser than molten aluminium. When they are mixed, they will
separate from each other quickly and a uniform mixture of molten metals can hardly be formed.
(2m)

Unit 13: Metals
##
(a)-(e) Handling information 6
|!|3eESA0134002020|!|
‘Copper is a very good conductor of electricity. However, its alloy, brass, is not as conductive as copper.’
(a) Other than copper, what metal can be found in brass? (1 mark)
(b) Design an experiment to show that copper is a better conductor than brass. Use a label led diagram to
show the set-up. (3 marks)
(c) Other than electrical conductivity, suggest two more differences between brass and copper. (2 marks)
(d) Suggest one common use of brass. (1 mark)
##
(a) Zinc (1m)
(b)

Unit 13: Metals
bulb
battery
object
The brightness of the bulb increases with the electrical conductivity of a substance. Therefore, the
brighter the bulb, the better is the substance as a conductor. If copper is being connected, the bulb is
brighter. (3m)
(c) Brass is harder and more resistant to corrosion than copper. (2m)
(d) Brass can be used to make musical instruments. (1m)
##
(a), (c)-(d) Understanding basic knowledge 4
(b) Science skills 3
|!|3eESA0134002021|!|
(a) What are the elements contained in stainless steel? (4 marks)
(b) Give two improved properties of stainless steel. (2 marks)
##
(a) Iron, chromium, nickel and carbon. (4m)
(b) Stronger than iron, can withstand high tension. Higher resistance to corrosion. (2m)
##
|!|3eESA0134002022|!|
(a) Is the boiling point of solder higher or lower than tin or lead? (2 marks)

Unit 13: Metals
(b) How to make solder in laboratory? (3 marks)
##
(a) Its boiling point is lower than lead and tin. (2m)
(b) Put a tin pellet and a lead pellet in a crucible and cover the crucible with a lid. Heat the crucible until
the two pellets melt together. Then, leave it a while to cool down at room temperature. Solder is then
formed. (3m)
##
(a) Understanding basic knowledge 2
(b) Practical skills 3
|!|3eESA0134002023|!|
(a) What is alloy? (2 marks)
(b) Give three examples of alloy. (3 marks)
##
(a) One or more elements (metals or non-metals) are added to a metal to form a uniform mixture to
improve the properties of metal. The mixture is called alloy. (2m)
(b) Stainless steel, bronze, brass, solder, titanium alloy, duralumin. (All three of them) (3m)
##
(a) Understanding concepts 2
|!|3eESA0134002024|!|

Unit 13: Metals
(a) Suggest an alloy which is suitable to be the material to make kettles. (1 mark)
(b) Why is this alloy used? Give 3 reasons. (3 marks)
##
(a) stainless steel (1m)
(b) It is cheap. / It is good conductor of heat. / It is much more resistant to corrosion than iron. / It is not
toxic. (3m)
##

Unit 13: Metals
|!|3eESA0134002025|!|
Design an experiment to show that the melting point of solder is lower than lead and tin. Use a diagram to
show the setup. (6 marks)
##
As shown in the diagram above, heat the plate and observe which metal pellet melts first. (6m)
##
Science skills 6
|!|3eESA0134002026|!|
Table below shows the information of 4 alloys.
Alloy Element composing the alloy Properties
70% iron
20% chrominium high melting point, non-toxic, high resistance to

A
9.5% nickel corrosion, strong
0.5% carbon
96% aluminium
B light and strong
4% copper

Unit 13: Metals
50% copper
C shiny gold colour, hard and resistant to corrosion
50% zinc
50% tin
D low melting point and quite soft
50% lead
(a) Select the most suitable alloy to make the following things. (3 marks)
(i) aeroplane: ____________________________________
(ii) cooking utensits: _______________________________
(iii) musical instrument: _____________________________
(b) D is too soft to make metal wares but it is used to join metal parts together. Which of its property
allows it to do so? Why? (2 marks)
(c) Complete the following table. (8 marks)
Element iron carbon aluminium copper
Element symbol
metal/non-metal
##
(a) (i) B (1m)
(ii) A (1m)
(iii) C (1m)
(b) It is because it has a low melting point. It melts easily and the molten alloy can join pieces of metal
parts together. (2m)
(c)
Element iron carbon aluminium copper
Element symbol Fe C Al Cu
Metal/non-metal metal non-metal metal metal
(8m)
##
(a)-(c) Understanding basic knowledge 13
|!|3eESA0134003027|!|

Unit 13: Metals
‘Other than air pollution problems from the process of extraction of metals, disposal of used metals is also a
big environmental problem. It is well known that untreated mercury forms toxic vapour easily while lead
emitted from burning leaded petrol affects the development of children brain. In view of these, citizens are
now educated about the environmental protection principle – the 3Rs.’
(a) Explain why extraction of metals results in air pollution. (2 marks)
(b) Suggest one use of mercury. (1 mark)
(c) Nowadays, Government encourages the use of unleaded petrol. Why? (2 marks)
(d) What are the 3Rs? (3 marks)
(e) Suggest another reason why 3Rs are important. (1 mark)
##
(a) Extraction of metals burns a lot of fuel and produces large amounts of air pollutants such as sulphur
dioxide. (2m)
(b) Mercury-in-glass thermometer. (1m)
(c) Because lead is an air pollutant that can affect the development of children brain. (2m)
(d) Recycle, reduce, reuse (3m)
(e) The metal resources in the Earth’s crust are limited. (1m)
##
(a)-(e) Understanding basic knowledge 9
|!|3eESA0134003028|!|
(a) What are the environmental problems caused by extractions of metals? (3 marks)

Unit 13: Metals
(b) State the best solution to the problems. (1 mark)
##
(a) Deforestation due to mining of metals on the earth’s crust. The industrial processes to extract metals
need a lot of electricity and chemicals. Also, a lot of air pollutants and wastes are produced. (3m)
(b) Recycle metals. (1m)
##
|!|3eESA0133902029|!|
One day, Wendy and her mother baked a cake. The following shows the steps.
(1) Put the butter in a bowl and let it melts at room temperature.
(2) Cut a cheese block into pieces.
(3) Beat the pieces of cheese until they become smooth. Then add some sugar and egg and beat.
(4) Add the melted butter to the cheese. Then mix well to make a cake batter.
(5) Put the cake batter into a container and bake it for an hour.
(a) What is a chemical change? (1 mark)

Unit 13: Metals
(b) What is a physical change? (1 mark)
(c) Hence, determine whether each of the above five steps is a chemical change or a physical change.
(5 marks)
##
(a) A chemical change is a change in which one or more new substances are formed. (1m)
(b) A physical change is a change in which no new substances are formed. It only involves changes in
shape, volume, position or state of matter. (1m)
(c) (1), (2), (3) and (4) are physical changes while (5) is a chemical change. (5m)
##
(c) Handling information 5
|!|3eESA0133902030|!|
cotton wool cotton wool
metal A metal B
20.00 g electronic 20.00 g electronic

balance balance
Pure metals A and B are allowed to stand in air for two weeks as shown above. Their masses are recorded as
follows.
Metal A Metal B
Original Mass 20.00 g 20.00 g
Mass after 2 weeks 20.15 g 20.00 g
(a) Suggest a possible reason for the increase in mass of metal A. (2 marks)

Unit 13: Metals
(b) Which metal, A or B, do you think was most likely discovered first? Briefly explain your answer.
(2 marks)
##
(a) Metal A reacts with oxygen in air to form a metal oxide. (2m)
(b) Metal B was discovered first. This is because it is less likely to react with other substances and thus
could be extracted more easily. (2m)
##
(a) Handling information 2
|!|3eESA0133902031|!|
During a lightning flash, the temperature can reach 300,000C. At such high temperature, the nitrogen and
oxygen in air combines to form nitrogen dioxide, which then dissolves in water to form dilute nitric acid.
This is a natural source of acid rain.
(a) Write down all the elements mentioned in the above paragraph. (2 marks)
(b) Write down all the compounds mentioned in the above paragraph. (3 marks)

Unit 13: Metals
(c) According to the above paragraph, how many chemical changes are involved in the formation of acid
rain? (1 mark)
(d) Do you think that lightning is a major source of acid rain? Why? (2 marks)
##
(a) Nitrogen and oxygen (2m)
(b) Nitrogen dioxide, water and nitric acid (3m)
(c) Two (1m)
(d) No. This is because lightning does not occur frequently and it cannot produce a large amount of
nitrogen dioxide. (2m)
##
(a)-(c) Reading skills 6
|!|3eESB0134002032|!|
(a) Explain why pure gold, pure iron and pure lead are not recommended for the use listed below.
(3 marks)
Metal Use
Pure gold
Ornaments

Unit 13: Metals
Pure iron
Water pipes
Pure lead
Soldering materials
(b) What substance(s) can be added to each of the pure metals to make an alloy that is suitable for the use
listed above. (3 marks)
##
(a) Pure gold is too soft. Iron corrodes quickly when it is in contact with water. Lead has a high melting
point. (3m)
(b) Add silver and copper to gold to make gold alloy; add chromium, nickel and carbon to iron to make
stainless steel; add tin to lead to make solder. (3m)
##

Water, Lead Sulphide, Hydrogen, Copper, Mercury, Carbon Dioxide'

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Understanding Integrated Science for the 21st Century (3rd Edition) – Form 3

Unit 13: Metals

‘water, lead sulphide, hydrogen, copper, mercury, carbon dioxide’

Physical state Element Compound

Solid Copper Lead sulphide

Liquid Mercury Water

Gas Hydrogen Carbon dioxide

(b) Mixing an acid and an alkali (2 marks)

(c) Burning magnesium in the Bunsen flame (1 mark)

(d) Respiration in plant or animal cells (2 marks)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 92

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 93

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 94

Skill assessed Marks

(b) What is a chemical change? Give an example. (2 marks)

(a) Which of the above elements are non-metals? (5 marks)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 95

5. copper sulphate (solid)

1. carbon dioxide Carbon, oxygen

2. carbon monoxide Carbon, oxygen

3. table salt Sodium, chlorine

4. pure water Hydrogen, oxygen

5. copper sulphate (solid) Copper, sulphur, oxygen, hydrogen

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 96

State the colours of the following compounds/ elements.

Compounds/ elements Colour

Copper sulphate solution

Aluminium Silvery white

Copper sulphate solution Blue

Hydrogen gas Colourless

Iodine (solid) Black/ violet

Iron Grey/ silvery white

Magnesium oxide White

Sodium chloride White

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 97

(d) cooking of vegetables

vibrating table with water

(a) Suggest a name for this method. (1 mark)

(b) Suggest what the metal may be. (2 marks)

(c) Suggest what the lighter particles may be. (1 mark)

(d) Is it a chemical method of separation? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 98

(b) Give an example of copper ores in nature. (1 mark)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 99

(b) What properties of metals can an aluminium foil show? (4 marks)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 100

Metallic Parts Properties of the Metallic Parts

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 101

A High melting point, good conductor of heat, non-toxic, resistant to corrosion

B Ductile, high melting point, good conductor of electricity

D High density, strong and hard

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 102

not easily rusted, it keeps a shiny appearance. (2m)

(b) Why can’t pure aluminium be used to make an aeroplane? (1 mark)

(c) Suggest one common use of aluminium metal. (1 mark)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 103

(d) Suggest one common use of brass. (1 mark)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 104

(b) Give two improved properties of stainless steel. (2 marks)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 105

(b) How to make solder in laboratory? (3 marks)

(b) Give three examples of alloy. (3 marks)

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2013 106