University Of Bahrain

College of Information technology

Department of Computer Engineering

EXPERIMENT No. 1
Introduction to Hardware and Software Components of Cisco

Student’s Name: Amna Azmat Raza Malik

Student’s ID: 20161934
Sec No: 2
Date of Submission: 28-2-2019
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Aim
The aim of this experiment is to study and understand hardware and the software
components of the Cisco2800 series routers.

Introduction
In this lab we will get familiar with software and hardware components of cisco.
Cisco Systems, Inc. is an American multinational corporation technology
company headquartered in San Jose, California, that designs, manufactures and
sells networking equipment worldwide.
Cisco's networking solutions connect people, computing devices and computer networks,
allowing people to access or transfer information without regard to differences in time,
place or type of computer system.
If anyone can lay claim to a 'heritage' in an industry as young as global networking, then it
is Cisco. Not only does 85 per cent of Internet traffic travel across Cisco's systems, we
also use the Internet to run our own business online, from product orders and inventory
management through to staff communications and travel expenses.
So as you explore the possibilities for your business, start at the beginning. Cisco Systems
built the Internet so we know exactly what it takes to get your business online. Take
advantage of our experience and knowledge to get the Internet working effectively for
your business.

Procedure

Part 1: Hardware components of Cisco

Identification
a Ports (interface):
The following are the ports that are used in cisco
1) RJ-45: ( all have the same shape)
a) Ethernet : has a speed up to 10 Mbps
b) Fast Ethernet: has a speed up to 100Mbps
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 c) Gigabit Ethernet: has a speed up to 1000bps. (1 Gbps)
2) USB port

3) Serial port

b Cables and its types:

1) Ethernet Cable :
 Straight Cable
It is used to connect the following:
Router to PC
Switch to PC
Router to Switch

2) Cross over cable

This cable is used to connect the following:
PC to PC
Router to Router
Switch to Switch

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3) Roll over Cable :
It is used to connect
PC to console part

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 Console port
The device that connects to the Router or switch through console port is the
Only device to configure the Router or Switch.

Memories in CISCO devices

a) RAM : This memory stores the running configuration , which will take effect as
long as the router is ON , but when it switched OFF all this data will be erased .

b) NVRAM : This memory store the start up configuration which is loaded once
the router switch ON , and it never been deleted .

c) Flash ROM : This type of memory got the operating system (IOS) of the router ,
and we use it to update the OS to newer version .

Part 2: Cisco software components

The operating system of Cisco routers is called IOS. There are many versions
of IOS. The full version number of IOS has three numbers: (1) major version,
(2) minor version, and (3) maintenance release. For example, the IOS version
number 12.0(4) refers to maintenance release 4 of major release 12.0.

Configuration Files
There are two types of IOS configurations:
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1) Running Configuration: resides in RAM and contains the IOS
configuration commands that are currently active on a router.

2) Startup Configuration: resides in NVRAM and contains the IOS

configuration commands that are supposed to be executed when a router
boots.

Basic Commands

There are two main cisco operation modes , as follows :

Privileged mode:

This mode used to show different configuration in the network and

statistics .

Router Name> :command enable is used to enter Privileged mode.

Router Name# : in privileged mode

Configuration mode:

This mode is used to make any configuration to the router or

switch

Router Name# :command config terminal is to enter configuration

mode. RouterName (config)# : in configuration mode

Questions :
1- You have a roll over cable with length only 5 m, and you have to connect
it to the console of the cisco router that is 20 m far.
How can you solve this?
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 This can be done by connecting the roll over cable with the straight cable to
PC.
The straight cable should be 15 m long. More than one straight can be used
but only one roll over cable is used.

2- Name the Ethernet cable type numbered in the following figure :

1= Ethernet crossover cable

2= Ethernet Straight cable
3= Ethernet Roll over cable

3- In which mode you have to enter the following command :

1- show cdp neighbor : Privileged mode

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2- router OSPF : Privileged mode

3- Interface <interface name> : Configuration mode

Results:

In this lab we got familiar with the hardware and software components of
CISCO routers. We studied the different types of cables ports and memories of
these routers. We were able to understand few commands.