Th e S c ie n c e o f th e Em o tio n s
B y Keith B ailey
P re fa c e
Th e followin g pa per wa s wr it t en in r espon se t o
st u den t r equ est for a cla r ifica t ion u pon t h e
n a t u r e of t h e em ot ion s. It com pr ises a syn opsis
of a book l pu blish ed in 1900, bu t wh ich is n ow
ou t of p r in t , ca lle d T h e S cie n ce of t h e
E m ot ion s, by Bh a ga va n Da s. I h a ve com piled,
ed it ed , d elet ed , r ewr it t en , a n d in t r od u ced
m a n y a ddit ion s in a n a t t em pt t o u pda t e a n d
cover t h e m a in poin t s of t h e t r ea t ise. H owever ,
in or der n ot t o in t er r u pt t h e flow of r ea din g, n o
m en t ion is m a de of wh er e t h e or igin a l m a t er ia l
begin s or en ds.
T h e or igin a l m a s t e r fu l t r e a t is e b y
Bh a ga va n Da s wa s given t o m e in t h e su m m er
of 1993 by a st u den t wh o h a d t r a ced t h e book
t h r ou gh a n a t ion -wide book sea r ch for over
n in e m on t h s. U pon r eceivin g it , t h e st u den t
fou n d it difficu lt t o com pr eh en d, for per h a ps it
is difficu lt for t h e west er n st u den t wh o is n ot
s ch ooled in S a n s k r it , or in t h e E a s t er n
ph ilosoph ica l syst em s a n d m odes of en qu ir y
t h r ou gh p r op os it ion , qu es t ion a n d d eba t e,
lea din g t o illu m in ed r ea son in g, wh er ein effect s
a r e t r a ced ba ck t o ca u ses a n d n ega t ion is t h e
pr in ciple m ode of r esolvin g in sepa r a ble pa ir s of
opposit es in t o a n u n br ea k a ble t r a n scen den t a l
r ela t ion .
I t wou ld a p p ea r t h a t a k n owled ge of
S a n s k r it a n d it s t r a n s la t ion s w a s m or e
cu st om a r y t o ea r lier west er n st u den t s du r in g
t h e la t t er pa r t of t h e n in et een t h cen t u r y a n d
t h e ea r lier pa r t of t h is cen t u r y (wh en t h is
t r ea t ise wa s fir st pu blish ed), a s t h e wisdom of
t h e E a st wa s bein g n ewly "discover ed" a n d a
floodt ide of t r a n sla t ion s wer e fin din g t h eir wa y
t o t h e West . Th e st u den t givin g m e t h e t r ea t ise
r equ est ed t h a t I expla in it s con t en t s, a n d u pon
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T h e S cien ce of th e E m otion s J ou rn al of E soteric Psych ology • Volu m e X • N o. 1 • S prin g 1996
s t u d yin g it I fou n d it t o con t a in s u ch a
bea u t ifu l jewel of t h ou gh t t h a t I r esolved t o
m a k e a syn opsis of t h e en t ir e book in or der
t h a t it m a y be a va ila ble t o ot h er st u den t s. Th is
syn opsis of Th e Scien ce of t h e E m ot ion s wa s
t h er efor e com piled, or ga n ized a n d developed
wit h a view t o pr odu cin g com pr eh en sibilit y for
t h e m oder n west er n st u den t . As t h is pa per
bega n t o be r eceived by ot h er st u den t s, it wa s
fou n d t o con t a in m u ch of va lu e a n d u sefu ln ess
t o t h em , a n d fu r t h er m or e it wa s su ggest ed by
t h em t h a t it be pu blish ed a n d m a de a va ila ble
t o a ll wh o ca r e t o st u dy it . I a m h u m bled t h a t
t h eir r equ est h a s been fu lfilled.
T h e r e a d e r m a y for give m e for a n y
om ission s fr om t h e or igin a l t r ea t ise deem ed
im por t a n t (for m y en dea vor h a s been t o a r r ive
a t essen t ia l, con cise sign ifica n ces) a n d a lso for
a n y a ddit ion s in ser t ed by m e for wh ich t h er e
m a y be disa gr eem en t . No cla im s of in fa llibilit y
a r e p u t for t h for t h a t wh ich is con t a in ed
h er ein , n or ca n t h e p r es en t wr it er cla im
or igin a lit y for t h e or ga n iza t ion of a ll t h e
t h ou gh t s pr esen t ed. Th e en dea vor h a s been
u n der t a k en t o m eet a n eed, a n d t h e pr esen t
wr it er h a s sim ply sou gh t t o r evive cer t a in
in va lu a ble in sigh t s of Bh a ga va n Da s for t h e
ben efit of t oda y's en qu ir er s–t h e or ga n iza t ion of
wh ich m a y ot h er wise be u n a va ila ble. Sou n d
t ea ch in g on t h e n a t u r e of t h e em ot ion s is m ost
cer t a in ly n eeded t h ese da ys, a n d t h is pa per
h a s a t t em pt ed t o pr esen t som e clea r t h in k in g
a bou t t h e m a t t er . It is t h u s sen t for t h a s a
fu r t h er con t r ibu t ion t o t h e gen er a l p ool of
t h ou gh t u p on a s u bject t h a t is s o oft en
con sider ed fr om t h e a n gle of effect s of effect s,
r a t h er t h a n effect s of ca u ses. Th ou gh m a n y
a dva n ces h a ve been m a de, m oder n psych ology
u su a lly om it s a ll r efer en ce t o a n a ll-per va din g
im m or t a l Self in it s dedu ct ion s, a n d t h er eby
som ewh a t fa lls sh or t of a r r ivin g a t a m or e
clea r ly defin ed syst em of con sequ en ces in it s
a n a lysis. It is h oped t h a t t h e pr oposit ion s pu t
for t h in t h is p a p er will m eet wit h s in cer e
con s id er a t ion s , a n d p r ovid e a ca t a lys t for
fu r t h er developm en t a n d r esea r ch for t h ose
wh o h elp ot h er s t h r ou gh t ea ch in g, cou n sel a n d
t h er a py, a n d lik ewise for t h ose in t er est ed in
u n der st a n din g t h em selves. Ma y t h a t wh ich is
r evived a n d pr esen t ed h er ein m eet wit h a fr esh
r ecept ivit y.
Keith B ailey
R an ch o S an te Fe, Californ ia 1994
F or ou r pr esen t pu r pose let u s a ssu m e a s
t h e st a r t in g poin t for ou r st u dy t h a t em ot ion s
a r e for m s of d e s ir e , a n d t h a t t h e t w o
elem en t a r y degr ees of t h e self a s exper ien ced
t h r ou gh em ot ion a r e: (1) t h e desir e t o u n it e
wit h a n object t h a t ca u ses plea su r e, a n d (2) t h e
desir e t o sepa r a t e fr om a n object wh ich ca u ses
pa in --in ot h er wor ds, a t t r a ct ion a n d r epu lsion ,
lik e a n d d is lik e, a n d a n y ot h er p a ir s of
opposit es.
Befor e d evelop in g t h is p oin t fu r t h er ,
cer t a in fu n d a m en t a l s t a t em en t s s h ou ld be
cl a r i fi e d , b e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e s i m p l e ,
elem en t a r y fa ct or s, a n d pr oceedin g t h en ce t o
t h e m or e com plex.
Th e fir st a n d m ost elem en t a r y fa ct or of life
is t h e SE LF . It is n o m ist a ke t o ca ll t h e self t h e
m ost elem en t a r y fa ct or . It is n ot possible t o
a n a lyze it in t o a n yt h in g wh ich is sim pler , m or e
in t elligible, a n d m or e dir ect ly pr esen t t o a
livin g bein g. Th e self, t owa r ds it self, com bin es
in on e ever -pr esen t con t em pla t ion t h e t h r ee
m odes in wh ich , wh en fu n ct ion in g t h r ou gh a n
in dividu a lized u n it , it gr a sps t h e ou t er wor ld.
Th ese t h r ee m odes a r e ca lled by t h e ea st er n
p h ilos op h er s : Cogn it ion –J ñ â n a m , Des ir e–
Ich ch h â, a n d Act ion –Kriyâ, a n d t h e y a r e
dist in gu ish a ble by t h em in r efer en ce t o t h e
ou t er wor ld . Bu t t h e a t t it u d e of t h e s elf
t owa r ds it self is on e of in differ en ce, in wh ich it
en com pa sses t h ese t h r ee a spect s wit h in a n d
t owa r ds it self t h r ou gh self-con sciou sn ess (self-
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k n owledge a n d self-cogn it ion ), self-love (self-
desir e), a n d self-a sser t ion (self-m a n ifest a t ion ).
To sa y t h a t "we t h in k befor e a n d a ft er " a n d
t h a t t h e life of t h e self is m a de u p of m em or ies
a n d exp ect a t ion s is on ly t o d es cr ibe wh a t
a ccom pa n ies it , wh a t is in volved w i t h r a t h er
t h a n i n t h e self a n d self-con sciou sn ess, a n d
h ow it beh a ves a n d m a n ifest s it self in t h e
in dividu a lized con dit ion du r in g t h e pr ocesses
of s elf-con s ciou s evolu t ion a n d exp er ien ce-
ga t h er in g.
In dispen sa ble for life exper ien ce in t h e
s a m e d egr ee is t h e N OT–S E LF . Wh en t h e
wor ld wh ich is cogn ized, desir ed a n d a ct ed
u pon a s som et h in g differ en t fr om t h e self h a s
been n a m ed, it is given t h e n a m e, t h e n ot -self.
Th is t oo ca n n ot be r edu ced a n y fu r t h er , even
a s t h e self ca n n ot . Th e exper ien ce of life is
t h e r e for e a r e la t ion of w h ich t h e t w o
in dispen sa ble fa ct or s a r e t h e self a n d t h e n ot -
self. In t h is r ela t ion a ppea r t h ose st a t es of
em ot ion t h a t m odify t h e essen t ia l pr in ciple of
desir e. Ma n y ph ilosoph er s a n d psych ologist s
a s s u m e a t h ir d s t a t e of t h e s elf--t h a t of
i n d i ffe r e n ce . I n t h e M a h â b h â r a t a
(Va n a pa r va :182), it sa ys, "As bet ween h ot a n d
cold t h er e is a poin t , a st a t e, wh ich is n eit h er ,
so is t h er e som ewh er e bet ween plea su r e a n d
pa in , a poin t , a st a t e, wh ich is n eit h er . It is
n on e ot h er t h a n Br a h m a n , All-Con sciou sn ess,
U n iver s a l S elf, wh ich h a s t o be d iligen t ly
st r iven a ft er a n d r ea lized." Yet , if t h is is t r u ly
ph ilosoph ica lly con sider ed, t h is t h ir d st a t e m a y
be seen t o be a con dit ion of t h e fir st essen t ia l
fa ct or of con sciou sn ess t h a t of t h e self--for do
we n ot a lso fin d in t h e B a h a ga v a d Gita t h e
followin g st a t em en t of et er n a l con sciou sn ess:
"H a vin g per va ded t h is m a n ifest ed wor ld wit h
on e fr a gm en t of My Self--I Rem a in ."
Th e fa ct or of in differ en ce m a y t h en be seen
t o be a con d it ion r ela t ive t o t h e a ct u a l
con sciou sn ess of t h e self a s it con t em pla t es t h e
n ot -self fr om it s own pla n e of con sciou sn ess,
a n d a pplied in con t em pla t ion t h er e fr om t o t h e
pr im a r y m odifica t ion s of plea su r e a n d pa in .
E qu a lly u n iver sa lly kn own a n d r ecogn ized,
a n d per h a ps equ a lly im possible t o a n a lyze in t o
a n yt h in g sim pler , a r e plea su r e a n d pa in , t h e
t wo pr im a r y m odifica t ion s of desir e, wh ich in
a lt er n a t ion , a r e t h e con s t a n t a lt er n a t in g
a ccom pa n im en t s t o t h e self wh en fu n ct ion in g
t h r ou gh a n d iden t ified wit h t h e n ot -self. Wit h
plea su r e goes a t t r a ct ion –lik in g; wit h p a in ,
r epu lsion –dislike.
Th e a t t it u d e of t h e s elf t owa r d s it s
con dit ion in t h e pr esen ce of t h a t wh ich ca u ses
it plea su r e is desir e, At t r a ct ion , lik in g, t h e
wis h t o be n ea r er . Th e op p os it e a t t it u d e
t owa r d s t h a t wh ich ca u s es p a in is t h a t of
a ver sion , r epu lsion , d is lik e, t h e wis h t o be
m or e dist a n t . Gen er a lly spea kin g, in t h e m ost
com pr eh en sive sen se of t h e t er m s u sed, it is
t r u e t h a t wh a t ever p lea s es is lik ed , a n d
wh a t ever pa in s is dislik ed; a n d t h e pr im a r y
con sequ en ces of plea su r e or pa in a r e t h e desir e
t o t a k e in , t o a bsor b, t o em br a ce, or t o t h r ow
ou t , t o pu sh a wa y, t o r epel t h e exper ien ce,
per son or t h in g ca u sin g t h e plea su r e or pa in
r espect ively.
An a t t em p t is m a d e n ow a n d t h en t o
r edu ce t h e t wo t o on e or t h e on e in t o t h e ot h er .
Bu t t h e a t t em pt does n ot su cceed. It is t h e
sa m e wit h a ll in vet er a t e pa ir s of opposit es. Th e
elem en t of t r u t h beh in d t h e effor t a n d t h e
r ea son wh y it is per sist en t ly m a de, is t h a t ea ch
on e of su ch a pa ir of opposit es is in evit a bly
d e p e n d e n t u p on t h e ot h e r a n d h a s n o
sign ifica n ce of it s own wit h ou t r efer en ce t o t h e
ot h er . S u ch in d efea s ible in t er d ep en d en ce
im p lies a com m on u n d er lyin g u n it y. Th e
elem en t of er r or is t h a t it over look s t h e fa ct
t h a t t h e m a n y a r e t h e m a n y a n d ca n n ot be
r edu ced in t o on e, in t o less t h a n m a n y, wit h ou t
t h e a bolit ion of bot h .
Th e a r ch et ype, of cou r se, is t h e Absolu t e
It self, t h e Su pr em e Self, wh er ein t h e self a n d
t h e n ot –self co-exist a s in sepa r a ble opposit es in
t h e u n br ea k a ble r ela t ion of n ega t ion . It is t h e
sa m e wit h su ch t r iplet s a s t h ose of cogn it ion ,
desir e a n d a ct ion . On r ea lizin g t h e pa r t -less
con t in u u m of t h e wh ole wor ld pr ocess it will be
s e e n t o b e t h e s a m e w it h e ve r yt h in g;
ever yt h in g is seen t o im ply a n d t h er efor e t o
ca r r y wit h in it ever yt h in g els e. I n s u ch
in t er depen den ce of pa ir s m a y be fou n d t h e
r ea son wh y eit h er is a lwa ys pa ssin g in t o t h e
ot h er , in en d les s r ot a t ion , ligh t in t o d a r k ,
p lea s u r e in t o p a in , bir t h in t o d ea t h , t h e
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T h e S cien ce of th e E m otion s J ou rn al of E soteric Psych ology • Volu m e X • N o. 1 • S prin g 1996
p h ys ica l in t o t h e s u p er -p h ys ica l a n d ba ck
a ga in , seem in gly en dlessly.
It sh ou ld be n ot ed t h a t t h er e h a s exist ed a
d is t in ct d iffe r e n ce b e t w e e n t h e e a s t e r n
ph ilosoph er 's view of t h e n a t u r e of em ot ion a n d
t h a t t a k e n b y t h e w e s t e r n p h ilos op h e r .
Gen er a lly spea k in g, t h e la t t er h a s r ega r ded
em ot ion s a s dist in ct fr om desir es, a n d a s k in d s
r a t h er t h a n a s con s equ en ces of t h e t wo
p r im a r y m od ifica t ion s of d e s ir e – t h a t of
p lea s u r e a n d p a in . Als o, t h er e is n o clea r
d is t in ct ion bet ween m en t a l fu n ct ion s a n d
desir es. Th e or ien t a l ph ilosoph er , h owever ,
a ppea r s t o r ega r d a ll t h ese vrttis (i.e., ’wa ys of
exist in g’, m oods, fu n ct ion s, psych oses), wh ich
a r e u s u a lly ca lle d e m ot ion s in w e s t e r n
ph ilosoph y, a s m od ification s of desir e.
In h is cla ssifica t ion of t h e ph en om en a of
con s ciou s n e s s , (fu n ct ion in g t h r ou gh t h e
in dividu a lized self-con sciou s n ot self), in t o t h a t
of cogn it ion , desir e a n d a ct ion , t h e or ien t a l
ph ilosoph er t h er eby descr ibes t h e n a t u r e of t h e
ph en om en a l a spect s of con sciou sn ess wh en
fu n ct ion in g t h r ou gh t h a t wh ich h a s been
u n iver sa lly a dopt ed in Th eosoph ica l t er m s, a s
t h e m en t a l, a st r a l a n d ph ysica l n a t u r es.
F u r t h er m or e, t h e or ien t a l p h ilos op h er
v i e w s t h e s e t h r e e p h e n om e n on of
con sciou sn ess essen t ia lly a s m odifica t ion s of
t h e t h in kin g pr in ciple; i.e., a s t h ou gh t m odified
t h r ou gh for m s of t h ou gh t a n d illu s or y
per cept ion s; a s t h ese for m s of t h ou gh t becom e
fu r t h er m odified t h r ou gh t h eir con t a ct wit h
cor r espon din g for m s of desir e t h r ou gh on e or
ot h e r of t h e p a i r s of op p os i t e s ; a n d
fu r t h er m or e, a s m odified t h ou gh t plu s desir e
in evit a bly pa sses in t o a ct ion .
Tech n ica lly spea k in g, ‘plea su r e’ a n d ‘pa in ’
p er s e a r e r ega r d ed a s d eg r ees of t h e self
t h r ou gh t h e pr im a r y m odifica t ion s of desir e,
r a t h er t h a n for m s or a spect s of it . It m a y be
sa id t h a t t h ey a r e con n ect ed wit h t h e ‘m ea su r e’
or t h e ‘bu lk ’ of t h e self r a t h er t h a n wit h it s
for m , a n d a s su ch t h ey per va de t h e life of t h e
self a n d it s m a n ifest a t ion in t h e t h r ee a spect s
of cogn it ion , desir e a n d a ct ion . Th e feelin g of
t h e in cr ea se, expa n sion , gr owt h , m or e-n ess, of
t h e self is plea su r e; of it s decr ea se, con t r a ct ion ,
deca y, less-n ess, is pa in . Th e followin g lit t le
ch a r t m a y cla r ify t h u s fa r :
Desir e
m od ified th rou gh
P LE ASURE –or –P AIN
expr esses
E M OT ION S E M OT ION S
Wh a t is gen er a lly a n d br oa dly obser ved is t h a t
pa r t icu la r sit u a t ion s in life a r ou se pa r t icu la r
em ot ion s -p lea s u r a ble or p a in fu l. Th e t r u t h
h er e is t h a t t h e em ot ion s a r e m odified desir es
eit h er t o per pet u a t e a sit u a t ion if plea su r a ble,
or t o es ca p e ou t of it if p a in fu l; a n d t h e
pr ospect ive fu lfillm en t of t h e desir e or t h e
defea t t h er eof, in expect a t ion a n d im a gin a t ion ,
gives t h e for et a s t e of t h e cor r es p on d in g
p l e a s u r e or p a i n , a n d m a k e s t h e
plea su r a blen ess or pa in fu ln ess of t h e t ot a l
disposit ion . Th e em ot ion t h u s begin s in , a n d
look s ba ck t o, a feelin g of posit ive plea su r e or
pa in , a n d look s for wa r d t o, a n d en ds in , a
p os s ible p lea s u r e or p a in . Th es e va r iou s
elem en t s a r e, h owever , blen ded t oget h er in
or din a r y con sciou sn ess so closely t h a t , u n less a
dist in ct ion is deliber a t ely look ed for , it ea sily
esca pes n ot ice, a n d ea ch em ot ion com es, a s it
h a s com e, t o be r ega r ded a s som et h in g n ot
su bject t o a n a lysis. It is t r u e t h a t we spea k of
plea su r a ble a n d pa in fu l cogn it ion s a n d a lso
a ct ion s , a n d s ca r ce ly of p le a s a n t a n d
u n p le a s a n t d e s ir e s --t h ou gh w e s p e a k of
plea sa n t a n d u n plea sa n t em ot ion s. Bu t it is
beca u se t h e fu lfillm en t or defea t of desir es, t h e
in cr ea s e or d ecr ea s e of t h e bein g of t h e
in d ivid u a l, is by m ea n s of cogn it ion s a n d
a ct ion s a n d n ot by desir es per se.
Th e fu lfillm en t of d es ir e is t h e en d ;
cogn it ion s a n d a ct ion s a r e t h e m ea n s. Yet if
t r u ly a n a lysed, we fin d t h a t desir e is on ly
desir e for cogn it ion s a n d a ct ion s. E n d a n d
m ea n s a r e a lwa ys pa ssin g in t o ea ch ot h er in a
s eem in gly en d les s cycle, p a s s in g fr om t h e
in defin it e in t o t h e defin it e a n d ba ck a ga in ;
p a s s in g in t o a n d s u p p r e s s in g, a n d ye t
su ppor t in g a n d clin gin g on t o a n d gen er a t in g
ea ch ot h er so t h a t it is a h a r d t a sk even t o
dist in gu ish t h em .
H en ce, we m a y n ot wr on gly sa y t h a t Desir e
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T h e S cien ce of th e E m otion s J ou rn al of E soteric Psych ology • Volu m e X • N o. 1 • S prin g 1996
is t h e in n er m ost n a t u r e of t h e r ein ca r n a t in g
jiva or in dividu a l, lyin g h idden bet w een a n d
m a n ifest ed a n d r ea lized on ly in a n d t h r ou gh
cogn it ion a n d a ct ion . Th e Logia , t h e ‘Gr ea t
Sen t en ces’ of t h e V ed a, in dica t e t h is pr im a l
self-a sser t ion a s t h e will-t o-live:
"H e d esired –m ay I be m u ch an d m an y, m ay I
propagate."
"H e t h ou gh t (id ea t ed )–m a y I be m u ch a n d
m an y, m ay I propagate. "
"H e th ou gh t–let m e create w orld s."
"H e created it an d en tered in to it (im agin ed a
bod y an d id en tified H im self w ith it)."
I t will be n ot ed t h a t s om e of t h e logia of
cr ea t ion m a k e pr om in en t t h e desir e a spect ,
som e t h e t h ou gh t a spect , a n d ot h er s t h e a ct ion
or cr ea t ion a spect . Yet "Ma y I" "Let m e," is
pr esen t in a ll. Desir e, in deed is t h e en er gizer of
t h e ot h er t wo, a s cogn it ion is t h e illu m in a t or of
t h e ot h er t wo, a n d a ct ion is t h e m over of t h e
ot h e r t w o– a l l , h ow e v e r , b e i n g coe v a l ,
in t er depen den t , equ a l a n d im por t a n t , bu t t h eir
fu n ct ion s d is t in gu is h a ble; a ll t h r ee bein g
d is t in ct ion s a n d t r a n s for m a t ion s of P r im a l
Sh a kt i, or E n er gy.
"Ma y I be," m a y be r ega r d ed a s t h e
p r im a r y for m of d es ir e, i.e, desir e pr oper .
Desir e–bein g t h e lowest a spect of t h e will-is
h er e cr yst a llized t h r ou gh t h e desir e for self-
p r e s e r v a t i on , s e l f-m a i n t e n a n ce , s e l f-
con t in u a t ion a n d s elf-d ir ect ion . "Ma y I be
m u ch ," m a y be r ega r ded a s t h e cogn it ive a spect
of d e s ir e , t h r ou gh t h e d e s ir e for s e lf-
en h a n cem en t , self-expa n sion , self-possession ,
self-a ccu m u la t ion a n d self-a dor n m en t t h r ou gh
for m s, kn owledge, a n d t h in gs.
"M a y I b e m a n y," m a y b e s a id t o
cor r espon d t o t h e cr ea t ive a spect of desir e,
t h r ou gh t h e desir e for self-m u lt iplica t ion in
a n d t h r ou gh pr ogen y, t h e self-m a n ifest a t ion
t h r ou gh self m u lt iplica t ion in t h e sex-a ppet it e
for t h e m a t e, t h e pa r t n er , t h e com plet in g h a lf,
t h e s p ou s e; or s elf-m u lt ip lica t ion t h r ou gh
cr ea t ive a r t ist ic expr ession .
In Sa n skr it , t h e wor d k âm a st a n ds for t h e
will-t o-live, or t h e will-t o-be-in -in ca r n a t ion in
t h e com p r eh en s ive s en s e, in clu d in g a ll it s
t h r ee for m s a s in dica t ed in t h e ver se of t h e
R igved a, a n d in t h e ver ses of Ma n u ; "Absen ce
of k â m a is n owh er e t o be fou n d in t h e Wor ld-
P r ocess. Wh a t ever a per son does, t h a t is t h e
wor k of kâ m a . Th e st u dy of t h e scr ipt u r es, t h e
per for m a n ce of t h e du t ies or da in ed by t h em ,
a r e a ll m ot iva t ed by k â m a . N on e ca n do a n y
a ct ion wit h ou t t h e m ot ive of kâ m a ."
H owever it is n ecessa r y t o bea r in m in d t h e
br oa der sen se of k â m a , if m et a ph ysica l a n d
psych ologica l m ist a k es a r e t o be a voided. Th e
m a n ifest a t ion of even t h e sex-pr in ciple h a s
m or e for m s t h a n t h e differ en t -sexed h u m a n
on e. Th e w h y of t h e differ en t wa ys of self-
m u l t i p l i ca t i on b y fi s s i on , g e m m a t i on ,
con ju ga t ion , fu sion , fecu n da t ion , ger m in a t ion ,
i g n i t i on , e t c., a n d t h e cor r e s p on d i n g
ph ysiologica l pr ocesses in t h e u n differ en t ia t ed
sin gle cells a n d in t h e specia lized ger m cells,
a ll r equ ir e t o be s t u d ied in t h e ligh t of
m et a ph ysics. In t h e so-ca lled sexless for m s of
life, we m a y r ega r d t h e in n er a n d t h e ou t er
body, t h e sou l a n d t h e body, a s of differ en t
sexes. Th e pr im a l a r ch et ype, of cou r se, is t h e
p a ir of P u r u s h a a n d Pra k rit i--Spir it a n d
Ma t t er , a n d t h is dist in ct ion m a y be n ot ed on
a ll pla n es of a wa r en ess a n d life. On t h e m en t a l
pla n e, for in st a n ce, we m a y poet ica lly sa y t h a t
t h e u t t er er of t h e a p h or is m , t h e s û t r a , is
m a s cu l i n e ; a n d t h e com p os e r of t h e
com m en t a r y, t h e bh âsh ya, is fem in in e.
A divin e du a lit y t h er efor e exist s a n d is
r ea l, a n d is du plica t ed t h r ou gh ou t t h e syst em
in a ll t h e m a n y gr a des of life. Yet t h is divin e
du a lit y a lr ea dy exist s a s a pr im a l u n it y, a n d is
k n own lik ewise by t h e m edia t in g n eu t r a lizin g
fa ct or of t h e s elf on it s own p la n e-s elf-
a b s or b e d , s e l f-e x i s t e n t , s e l f-con s ci ou s ,
u n a t t a ch ed, in differ en t a n d selfless; bu t t h is
pr im a l u n it y yet a wa it s con sciou s r ea liza t ion
by t h e j i v a . H en ce, t h is will-t o-live, in a
gen er a l sen se, is m ot iva t ed by desir e, a wa n t , a
sen se of em pt in ess, a wa n t of som et h in g by
s om et h in g, a h ollow, em p t y s om et h in g, a
desir e t o u n it e t h e seem in g pa ir s of opposit es
a n d t h u s br in g fu lfillm en t .
F or m s , b e com in g livin g or en t ified,
su bject ively t a k e t h e for m of a n ovoid, t h e
m a t t er of t h e for m spin n in g a r ou n d a cen t r a l,
bu t s eem in gly h ollow, vor t ex. S u bs t a n t ia l
poin t s of m a t t er ca n be seen , a s for in st a n ce,
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T h e S cien ce of th e E m otion s J ou rn al of E soteric Psych ology • Volu m e X • N o. 1 • S prin g 1996
a r ou n d t h e a t om , wh ir lin g in sever a l va r iou s
bu t s ym m et r ica l s p ir a ls a r ou n d a cen t r a l
vor t ex. Th e n ega t ive-ch a r ged elect r on s wh ir l
a r ou n d t h e ce n t r a l e q u ilib r a t in g vor t e x
t h r ou gh cer t a in spir illa e, a n d dr a w t o t h e a t om
it s den sit y or m a ss.
Th e ba sis of t h is fa ct or is pr eser ved in t h e
es ot er ic t ea ch in gs t h r ou gh , for in s t a n ce,
S h iva 's Dam aru ; t h e n eu r a xis, m yst ica lly
descr ibed in t h e esot er ic t ea ch in gs a s bein g t h e
sea t a n d pa t h wa y of t h e com bin ed a n d t r iple
k u n d alin i en er gy, a n d con sist in g of t h e cen t r a l
sh u sh u m n â n a dis, wit h t h e i d â a n d pin galâ
n a dis in t er t win ed a n d r u n n in g eit h er side,
pr eser ved lik ewise in t h e sym bolism of t h e
ca du ceu s or Mer cu r y's Rod.
We m a y t h u s for m som e idea of h ow desir e
cr ea t es a ll k in ds of sh ea t h s; h ow "F oh a t digs
h oles in s p a ce," a n d , a t t h e s a m e t im e,
spin n in g off sh ells of t h e displa ced plen u m
a r ou n d t h ese 'h oles,' cr ea t in g a t om s, vor t ices,
wh ir lpools, wh ir lwin ds a n d du st .
Th e p os it ion of d es ir e in it s p r im a r y
d u a lis t ic d is t in ct ion of exp er ien ce t h r ou gh
plea su r e or pa in is a pecu lia r on e, for we t en d
t o a pply it t o a ll t h r ee a spect s. We spea k of
plea su r a ble or pa in fu l t h ou gh t s or a t t it u des;
plea su r a ble or pa in fu l feelin gs or em ot ion s;
plea su r a ble or pa in fu l a ct ion s, m ovem en t s,
post u r es, a n d so on . It t h u s gives a n in dica t ion
t o t h e ba sic pola r iza t ion of h u m a n it y it self, for
even ou r t h ou gh t s a r e color ed by ou r em ot ion a l
r espon se a s t h ey pa ss t h r ou gh t h e em ot ion a l
b od y t o t h e p h ys ica l b r a in a n d b e com e
r egis t er ed by t h e m a t er ia lly fu n ct ion in g
in dividu a l. Th is m a y fu r t h er be con sider ed
t h u s: Cogn it ion s lea d t o desir e beca u se t h ey
a r e eit h er plea su r a ble or pa in fu l; desir es lea d
on t o a ct ion s on ly if t h e a ct ion s a r e expect ed t o
br in g t h e fu lfillm en t of plea su r a ble cogn it ion s
or r em ove pa in fu l on es.
Th u s we see t h is ba sic u n iver sa l desir e, or
will-t o-be, is it self essen t ia lly du a l (plea su r a ble
or pa in fu l), t h ou gh ea ch degr ee of t h is du a lit y
is in it self a t r iplicit y, (cogn it ive, desir a t ive,
a ct ive):
1. t o be (a n in dividu a l)
a . t o be,
b. t o be m u ch ,
 c. t o be m a n y,
2. To Not Be (a n in dividu a l, bu t t o be t h e
Un iver sa l)
a . t o n ot be (a n in dividu a l),
b. t o n ot be selfish ,
c. t o n ot be sepa r a t e fr om t h e m a n y (bu t t o
be on e wit h t h e Un iver sa l)
a n d ea ch of t h ese a ga in h a s cou n t less for m s,
va r iet ies a n d sh a des, a ll pa ssin g in cessa n t ly
in t o a n d ou t of ea ch ot h er , elu s ively a n d
illu sively.
We m a y sa y, t h er efor e, t h a t t h e con t a ct ,
a ssocia t ion or exper ien ce wit h a n ot h er object ,
per son , or t h in g, h a s a t som e t im e been fou n d
em pir ica lly t o r esu lt in eit h er plea su r e or pa in .
Th is im plies, t h er efor e:
( 1 ) t h a t t h er e is a m em or y of t h is pa st fa ct ,
and
(2) t h a t t h er e is, in con sequ en ce, a desir e for
e i t h e r r e p e a t e d con t a ct , a s s oci a t i on ,
e x p e r i e n ce , or a v oi d a n ce of con t a ct ,
a ssocia t ion , or exper ien ce, bu t ,
(3) t h a t wh ile con t a ct a n d a s s ocia t ion , or
a voida n ce t h er eof, a r e possible, a bsolu t e u n ion
is im possible for it is ba sed u pon du a lit y; t h e
desir e r em a in s a desir e on ly u n t il it a dva n ces
in t o t h e con d it ion of a n em ot ion p r op er ,
w h e r e in a n a p p r oa ch or w it h d r a w a l is
a dva n ced or r et r a ct ed, a n d ea ch im a gin es it self
a s a sepa r a t e in dividu a l a n d sn a t ch es self-
r ea lisa t ion , t h e t a st e of a h a m k â r a t h er e fr om ,
by a n ecessa r y illu sion a n d gla m ou r .
An em ot ion , t h er efor e, im plies, a desir e
plu s t h e cogn it ion in volved in t h e a t t it u de of
t h e on e t owa r d s t h e ot h er . Th e exp ect ed
plea su r e or pa in , pict u r ed in t h e im a gin a t ion --
im a gin a t ion a n d expect a t ion r epr esen t in g on ly
sligh t ly differ en t a spect s of a sim ila r m odified
m e n t a l p r oce s s --w h e n in t e r b le n d e d w it h
d es ir e, h a ve gen er a lly been t a k en a s on e
em ot ion , r a t h er t h a n a s on e cogn it ive-desir e-
em ot ion ; a t t en t ion h a vin g been t a ken u p m or e
wit h , a n d fixed by, t h e p lea s u r e or p a in -
e le m e n t t h a n w it h t h e cogn it ive -d e s ir e
elem en t .
Th e ver y wor d--em otion -h owever , ca r r ies
wit h it cer t a in ver y in t er est in g su ggest ion s.
Th e wor d e+m ot ion cou ld be r ega r ded a s a
for m u la wh ich su ggest s t h e idea of en ergy+
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m ot i on (i.e., en er gy in m ot ion , t h ou gh oft en
u n con sciou s a n d la ck in g t h e focu sed dir ect ion
of t h e will, bu t set in m ot ion a s a r esu lt of
desir e, t h e lowest a spect of t h e will, m odified
t h r ou gh in t elligen t cogn it ion , h owever dim )
a n d ca r r ies for wa r d t h e idea of t h e cogn it ive
d es ir e elem en t t o t h e m ot ion a n d a ct ion
con sequ en t t o t h e desir e.
E m ot ion , t h er efor e, is a for m of m ot ion ;
m ot ion t owa r ds t h e object of desir e, or a wa y
fr om it . Th e n ea r est equ iva len t Sa n skr it wor d
for em ot ion is bh âva, a n d im plies a sim ila r
sign ifica n ce, m ea n in g or im plyin g ‘a becom in g’
a ‘com in g in t o exist en ce,' or 'a con dit ion or
st a t e of bein g.'
I t i m p l i e s a s om e w h a t p r ol on g e d
in t er m edia t e con dit ion of pa ssin g or ch a n gin g
fr om on e st a t e in t o a n ot h er . Wh en con join ed
wit h sva, sign ifyin g 'self,' we h a ve svabh âva, a
m ost im por t a n t a n d illu m in a t in g sign ifica n ce
r esu lt in g fr om t h ese com pou n ds (per t a in in g t o
ou r t h esis) expr essin g t h e idea of t h e essen t ia l
n a t u r e of a bein g becom in g it s elf t h r ou gh
ka r m ic h a bit s of n a t u r e t o be t h is or t h a t --i.e.,
t h e m a n y. S vabh âva h a s t w o m a in a n d
im por t a n t m ea n in gs:
(1) Com in g in t o bein g or exist en ce t h r ou gh
a n en t it y's or bein g's own in n a t e or in t r in sic
power s of gr owt h , a n d t h is ca n be a pplied
wh et h er t h e en t it y be a sola r syst em , pla n et a r y
sch em e, a m a n or a n a t om ; a n d,
(2) Th a t wh a t ever t h e en t it y or bein g is or
does du r in g it s becom in g, der ives fr om t h e
in h er en t or in t r in sic qu a lit ies la t en t wit h in it .
Th is m a y be ca lled it s ch a ra ct er, wh er eby it s
becom in g is a lon g, t h r ou gh , or by vir t u e of
in t r in sic lin es of en er gies, for ces, su bst a n ces,
a n d a t t r ibu t es wh ich pou r for t h fr om wit h in
it self, a n d wh ich a r e ch a r a ct er ized by in t r in sic
a s p ect s a n d a t t r ibu t es d er ived fr om a n d
con sequ en ces of it s pr im a r y r a y or sou r ce.
H .P .B. pu t s it con cisely in t h e Fu n d am en tals of
th e E soteric Ph ilosoph y:
“T h e Mon a d is ou r in m ost Self; each m an
h as h is ow n -or ra t h er is h is ow n --Mon a d;...
every en tity, h igh or low , h as, so to say, a
Keyn ote of its bein g, an d th is is its S vabh âva:
th e selfh ood of th e S elf, essen tial ch aracteristic
of t h e S elf, by t h e u rge of w h ich t h e S elf
becom es th e m an y selves ... Th e u r ge beh in d
evolu t ion or d evelopm en t is n ot extern al to th e
evolvin g en tity bu t wit h in it self; an d th e fu tu re
resu lts to be ach ieved in evolu tion -t h a t wh ich
t h e evolvin g en t it y becom es--lie in germ or seed
in it self; both th is u r ge an d th is ger m or seed,
a rise ou t of on e t h in g, a n d T H I S I S I T S
S VAB H ÂVA. "
N ow, let u s see h ow t h e fir st of t h ese t wo
sim ple pr im a r y for m s of em ot ion , or bh âva
m odified fr om wit h in t h e sva it self, defin ed a s
a d es ir e p lu s cogn it ion (a s a fa ct or of t h e
m en t a l in t elligen t cogn it ion or in t ellect u a l
fa cu lt y, h ow e ve r d im ly p r e s e n t (a n d a s
dist in gu ish ed fr om a m er e sen se-cogn it ion )
d iffer en t ia t es in t o a n d evolves t h e m or e
com plex for m s t h r ou gh t h is m ovem en t tow ard s
t h e t h in g desir ed t h r ou gh At t r a ct ion .
1. At t r a ct ion --p l u s t h e con sciou sn ess of t h e
equ ality wit h on e's self of t h e a t t r a ct ive object .
2. At t r a ct ion --p l u s t h e con sciou sn ess of t h e
su periority t o on e's self of t h e a t t r a ct ive object .
3. At t r a ct ion --p l u s t h e con sciou sn ess of t h e
in feriority t o on e's self of t h e a t t r a ct ive object .
It wou ld seem n ecessa r y t o m a k e a n effor t t o
exp la in t h e m ea n in g of t h es e cogn it ion a l
e le m e n t s --t h e con s ciou s n e s s of e q u a lit y,
s u p er ior it y, a n d in fer ior it y--wh ich ca n be
obser ved t o pla y su ch a n im por t a n t pa r t in t h e
st r u ct u r e a n d developm en t of t h e em ot ion s,
a n d wh ich a r e in deed t h e sole ca u se of t h eir
differ en t ia t ion fr om t h e h om ogen eit y of love
in t o t h e h et er ogen eit y of t h e n u m ber less kin ds,
sh a des, a n d gr a des. A ph ysica l a n a logy will
ser ve ou r pu r poses.
Given a t t r a ct ion bet ween t wo m a gn et s
pr oper ly pla ced, t h a t wh ich m oves t h e ot h er
t owa r ds it self, wit h ou t it self displa yin g m ot ion ,
wou ld be ca lled t h e m or e power fu l m a gn et ;
wh ile t h e ot h er wou ld a s clea r ly be ca lled t h e
less power fu l. Bu t if t h e t wo sh ou ld, bot h of
t h em , m ove t owa r ds ea ch ot h er sim u lt a n eou sly
a n d m eet h a lf-wa y, t h ey wou ld be ca lled equ a l
in p ower . Th e ca s e is s om ewh a t s im ila r
bet ween t wo jivas, or in dividu a ls, for , t owa r ds,
a n d bet ween on e in d ivid u a l a n d a n ot h er
in d ivid u a l. Given a t t r a ct ion bet ween t wo
in dividu a ls, t h a t wh ich m oves t owa r ds t h e
ot h er fir st is so fa r t h e in fer ior ; t h a t wh ich
m oves t h e ot h er t owa r ds it self fir st , is, in t im e
a n d spa ce, t h e su per ior . If t h e t wo sh ou ld m ove
t owa r ds ea ch ot h er sim u lt a n eou sly, t h en t h ey
a r e equ a l.
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A sim ila r idea m a y be expr essed in ot h er
wor ds: love, r egist er ed a s desir e, t en ds t o t h e
desir e for u n ion wit h t h e object loved/desir ed,
a n d, t h er efor e, ever seeks t o br in g su bject a n d
object t o a level in or der t h a t t h ey m a y u n it e
a n d becom e on e. Th e fa ct t h a t on e in dividu a l is
per ceived t o possess a qu a lit y wh ich m eet s a
w an t in a n ot h er in dividu a l, a n d vice ver sa , lies
a t t h e r oot of t h eir a t t r a ct ion ; it fu r n ish es t h e
com m on gr ou n d, t h e possibilit y of a u n it y, of a
com in g t oget h er , bet ween t h em . Wh er e t h ese
wa n t s a n d t h eir cor r espon din g su pplies a r e
bot h a bou t equ a lly d ivid ed bet ween t wo
in dividu a ls, so t h a t ea ch h a s wa n t s t h a t t h e
ot h er su pplies, we m a y spea k of t h em a s equ a l;
for ea ch is in fer ior t o t h e ot h er in h is wa n t s,
s u p er ior t o t h e ot h er in h is cor r es p on d in g
su pplies; wh ilst deficien cies a n d su per flu it ies
exist on bot h sides, t h eir su m s ba la n ce ea ch
ot h er ; exch a n ges will con t in u e, h owever , u n t il
d eficien cies a n d s u p er flu it ies a lik e h a ve
d i s a p p e a r e d , h a v i n g b e com e r e l a t i v e l y
n eu t r a lized. Wh er e t h e wa n t s of on e in dividu a l
a r e h is dist in gu ish in g ch a r a ct er ist ic in h is
r e l a t i on t o a n ot h e r i n d i v i d u a l , w h os e
dist in gu ish in g ch a r a ct er ist ic is h is power t o
su pply t h ose wa n t s, we m a y spea k of t h em a s
in fer ior a n d su per ior r espect ively. H er e, a lso,
t h e a ct ion of L ove gr a d u a lly le a d s t o
equ a liza t ion , a s t h e s u p er ior fills u p t h e
deficien cies of t h e in fer ior , t h u s lift in g h im or
h er t o a level of t h e su per ior 's own a n d m a kin g
u n ion -like com m u n ion possible.
Of cou r se, t h e t er m s in fer ior a n d su per ior
a r e u sed in a r ela t ive sen se, a n d h a ve t o do
wit h t h e r ela t ive poin t in evolu t ion r ea ch ed by
in d ivid u a ls in t im e a n d s p a ce; it h a s n o
r eflect ion u pon t h eir u lt im a t e r ela t ion sh ip a s
j i v a t m a s or t h eir es s en t ia l r ela t ion s h ip -
spir it u a lly a s sou l t o sou l, or wh en m er ged
wit h t h e Absolu t e.
Su m m in g u p t h e pr ogr essive defin it ion s
t h u s fa r , a con ven ien t a bbr evia t ion wou ld
p er h a p s be: a n em ot ion is a con s ciou s or
u n con sciou s m odified desir e (desir e in m ot ion )
in on e in dividu a l t o a ssocia t e wit h or dissocia t e
fr om a n ot h er in dividu a l, plu s a con sciou s or
u n con s ci ou s cog n i t i on of t h e l a t t e r 's
su per ior it y, equ a lit y, or in fer ior it y, wit h a view
t o a possible volu n t a r y or for cible exch a n ge of
plea su r es or pa in s bet ween t h em .
 It m u st a lso be r ea lized, t h er efor e, t h a t
t h er e is n o su ch t h in g a s a pu r e em ot ion , for
em ot ion is ba sed u pon a n illu sor y du a lit y,
wh er ea s on ly t h a t wh ich is fr om t h e sou l is
p u r e , b e in g a n u n m od ifie d con d it ion of
equ ipoise a n d equ ilibr iu m . E m ot ion , lik e a n y
a n d ever y ot h er a spect or fea t u r e or elem en t of
in dividu a lized life, ca n n ever exist in t h e en t ir e
a bsen ce of u lt im a t e r efer en ce t o som e n ot -self.
F or in st a n ce, love, r egist er ed a s desir e, is
t h e desir e for u n ion wit h t h e object loved by
e q u a liza t ion , r e cip r oca t ion , or com p le t e
iden t ifica t ion . Bu t t h is desir e ca n n ever be
fu lfilled , excep t by t h e d is a p p ea r a n ce of
love/desir e wit h t h e disa ppea r a n ce of it s object .
E a ch , if ca r r ied t o excess, t o it s m et a ph ysica l
com plet ion , loses it s or igin a l ch a r a ct er a n d
a bolish es it self, becom in g in dist in gu ish a ble,
in det er m in a ble, a n d u n specifia ble, in a bsen ce
of it s op p os it e. Love, u t t er m os t , becom es
IDE NTITY, r edu cin g a ll t h e Ma n y in t o On e.
It m a y be sa id t h a t t h e vir t u es a n d vices of
m a n k in d a r e on ly t h ose em ot ion s wh ich h a ve
becom e r ela t ively per m a n en t , wide-r ea ch in g,
a n d h a bit u a l m odified fixit ies of m in d, fu r t h er
ext en ded t h r ou gh desir e, gu idin g m odes of
a ct ion t owa r d s ot h er s gen er a lly. H ow t h ey
b e com e t h u s h a b i t u a l a n d r e l a t i v e l y
p e r m a n e n t is a m a t t e r of p s ych ologica l
t em per a m en t , r esu lt in g fr om pa st k a r m a a n d
effor t , edu ca t ion a n d en vir on m en t --t h ou gh a ll
a r e su bject ed t o t h e pr ocess of t r a n sfor m a t ion
t h r ou g h e v ol u t i on a n d t h e con s ci ou s
en ga gem en t of fa cu lt y.
Rela t ively spea k in g h owever , it is oft en
sa id t h a t , "t h e r u lin g pa ssion st r on g in dea t h "
is t h e ch a r a ct er ist ic vir t u e or vice of a per son .
In t h e in ca r n a t ed cogn it ion it s h ea d, a n d a ct ion
it s lim bs. In t h e ca se of vir t u es, we cou ld sa y
t h a t t h os e r ela t ively p er m a n en t h a bit s of
vir t u e a r e em ot ion s on t h e side of love; in t h e
ca se of vices, t h ose on t h e side of h a t e.
F or exa m ple, love, felt a n d expr essed a s
em ot ion by a n in dividu a l, a n d or igin a lly felt
t owa r ds a sm a ll cir cle, for per son a l r ea son s,
t i e s of b l ood , e t c., b e com e s , t h r ou g h
t r a n sfor m a t ion , t h e vir t u e of love--lovin gn ess,
a n u n s e l fi s h n a t u r e , i n cl u s i v e n e s s ,
fr ien dlin ess, a ffect ion , a n d ben evolen ce--wh en
felt t owa r d s a ll wit h wh om s u ch a p er s on
com es in t o con t a ct , r ecogn ized deliber a t ely or
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in s t in ct ively a s a n a u t om a t ic ou t -flowin g
expr ession owed t o ea ch , a n d ba sed u pon t h e
r oot -id ea of t h e gr owin g r ea liza t ion of t h e
Un it y of t h e Self. Th e em ot ion of pa r en t a l love,
felt t owa r ds t h e pr ogen y, becom es t h e vir t u e of
com pa ssion , t en der n ess a n d pr ot ect iven ess,
wh en exer cised h a bit u a lly t owa r ds ever yon e
H en ce t h e Sa n sk r it sa yin g t h a t a per son
sh ou ld r ega r d a ll sen ior s a s pa r en t s, a ll equ a ls
a s fr ien ds or br ot h er s a n d sist er s, a n d a ll
you n g folk a s on e's ch ildr en , widen in g t h e
per son a l em ot ion in t o it s cor r espon din g vir t u e.
H en ce, a ls o, a Bu d d h is t d es cr ip t ion of t h e
Ar h a t s p ea k s of h is love a s in fin it e, a ll-
em br a cin g, r ega r din g a ll a s a m ot h er r ega r ds
h er fir st bor n ch ild. H en ce a lso, t h e Ch r ist ia n
scr ipt u r e wh ich sa ys t h a t , "love is t h e fu lfillin g
of t h e La w," sin ce a ll t h a t du t y ca n la y down a s
v i r t u e , t r u e s p i r i t u a l l ov e p ou r s ou t
spon t a n eou sly in fu llest m ea su r e.
Likewise, on t h e ot h er side, fit s of a n ger or
scor n , wh en t h u s becom in g h a bit u a l, m a ke t h e
vice of t h e in dividu a l in t o t h a t of peevish n ess,
m a levolen ce, a n d h a u t eu r . Th u s, we t h en see
t h a t if a n in dividu a l a ct s t o ever y on e a s t o h is
own u n d er t h e s wa y of love, h e will be a
vir t u ou s p er s on ; if h e beh a ves t o ot h er s
gen er a lly a s h e d oes t owa r d s t h e s p ecia l
object s of h is dislik e, h e will be a viciou s on e.
We m a y r igh t ly sa y, t h er efor e, t h a t vir t u es a r e
em ot ion s on t h e side of love, vices t h ose on t h e
side of h a t e.
A lis t of em ot ion s m igh t be p r olon ged
in defin it ely. Th e bu lk of ever y la n gu a ge of a n
in t e lle ct u a lly a d va n ce d r a ce , e xclu d in g
t e ch n ica l n a m e s a n d w or d s r e la t in g t o
cogn it ion s a n d a ct ion s, will be fou n d t o con sist
of wor ds dea lin g wit h m odifica t ion s of m in d
r ela t in g t o ph en om en a , bu t pa r t icu la r ly wit h
t h os e m od ifica t ion s of d es ir e wh er ein is
expr essed som e ph a se or ot h er of a n em ot ion .
It is im possible t o dea l wit h a ll of t h em in on e
pla ce, n or is it n ecessa r y. Illu st r a t ion of t h e
gen er a l pr in ciples expou n ded t h r ou gh ou t t h is
pa per is t h e im m edia t e pu r pose. It is h oped
t h a t t h e s t u d en t fin d s u fficien t r ea s on t o
u n der st a n d t h a t em ot ion s a r e ca pa ble of bein g
r ed u ced in t o t er m s a r is in g p r im a r ily fr om
plea su r e a n d pa in , a n d fr om t h e t wo poles--love
a n d h a t e, p er m u t a t ed a n d com bin ed wit h
cogn it ive con sciou sn ess of gr a des a n d kin ds of
s u p er ior it y, equ a lit y, a n d in fer ior it y. Bu t
lik ewis e, t h e s t u d en t s h ou ld t r y t o fin d
ju st ifica t ion or r efu t a t ion of t h is exposit ion in
p r a ct ica l a n a lyt ic exer cis es wit h t h e n ew
ph a ses of em ot ion t h a t h e or sh e m a y com e
a cr oss.
A few t a bu la t ion s a r e h er e a ppen ded,
t en t a t ively ca s t in g t h e em ot ion s of m or e
fr equ en t occu r r en ce in t o gr ou ps. It sh ou ld be
n ot ed t h a t t h e su bor din a t e t r iplet of cogn it ion :
1. ch it or jñ ân a con fer r in g kn owledge;
2. desir e--ân an d a or ich ch h â; a n d
3. a ct ion --sat or k riyâ
m a y be r ega r ded a s a r isin g in t h e lit t le or n ot -
selfby vir t u e of t h e r eflect ion in it of t h e self in
it s in d ivis ib le t r ip le a s p e ct of s e lfh ood ,
r espect ively:
1 . con sciou sn ess--ch it, (c h i t bein g lit er a lly
'i n t e l l i g e n ce ,' and ch itta–‘in t elligen ce’,
su bst a n ce’);
2. bliss–ân an d a; a n d
3. bein g—sat;
or t o pu t t h is t r iplicit y in t o it s t h eosoph ica l or
m or e m od er n n om en cla t u r e a n d d ivis ion -
in t elligen ce, love, a n d will, or Ma n a s, Bu ddh i,
a n At m a . I n t h es e wor d s , t h e followin g
t a b u la t ion s in d ica t e t h is r e fle ct ion or
cor r espon den ce.
S t a r t i n g w i t h T a b u l a t i on I I , t h e
t a bu la t ion s a r e a ccor din g t o Ra y t ypes. It is
pr esu m ed t h a t t h e st u den t is fa m ilia r wit h t h e
t ea ch in g on t h e Seven Ra ys, for it is t h e m ost
im por t a n t t r u ly psych ologica l k ey yet given t o
m a n k in d . Th er efor e, t h e wr it er begs t h e
for given es s of t h e r ea d er for om it t in g a n y
i n t r od u ct i on or e x p l a n a t i on of t h i s
in d is p e n s a b le t e a ch in g con ce r n in g t h e s e
s even fold d is t in ct ion s , for s u ch is n ot t h e
pu r pose of t h is pa per . Th e ea r n est st u den t is of
cou r s e r efer r ed t o t h e Tibet a n Tea ch er 's
In st r u ct ion s, pu blish ed in t h e book s bea r in g
Alice Ba iley's n a m e.

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A con s id er a t ion m a y be a d va n ced a s t o
cor r espon din g em ot ion s wit h ea ch ot h er , a n d
h ow t h e pr esen ce of on e ca lls a n ot h er in t o
exist en ce. E m otion s ten d to create th eir ow n
lik en ess, even a s fir e does. In deed, ever y ot h er
elem en t t oo. Th e pr in ciple of self-a sser t ion , of
im p os it ion of s e lf on ot h e r s , of s e lf-
e n h a n ce m e n t , s e l f-m u l t i p l i ca t i on a n d
con ver sion is pr esen t ever ywh er e, a lwa ys, a n d
in ever yt h in g, beca u s e t h e I n fin it e S elf is
pr esen t in , a n d iden t ified wit h ever yt h in g. In
t h e a ct u a l wor k in gs of life, t h es e r es u lt s
u n d e r g o m od i fi ca t i on s b y t h e s p e ci a l
ci r cu m s t a n ce s of t h e ca s e s . T h e s e
m odifica t ion s m a y be gen er a lized u n der t wo
obser va t ion s:
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1. Am on g or d in a r y in d ivid u a ls , in clin ed
st r on gly n eit h er t o t h e side of love n or t o t h e
s id e of h a t e, em ot ion s p r od u ce t h eir own
liken ess or cou n t er pa r t .
2. Am on g in dividu a ls belon gin g defin it ely t o
t h e on e cla s s r a t h er t h a n t h e ot h er ; t h e
em ot ion s of ot h er s, wh et h er t h ose em ot ion s
belon g t o t h e side of love or of h a t e, cr ea t e t h e
cor r espon din g em ot ion s in t h a t cla ss on ly t o
wh ich t h e in dividu a ls belon g.
Th u s, a m on g or din a r y people, m idwa y, so t o
sa y, bet ween pu r su it a n d r en u n cia t ion , love
will pr odu ce love, a n d a n ger , a n ger , a ssu m in g
equ a lit y. P r ide a n d scor n a n d oppr essiven ess
will in spir e fea r a n d m a lice a n d vin dict iven ess
in t h e r ea lly in fer ior ; equ a l or gr ea t er pr ide
a n d scor n a n d oppr essiven ess in t h e r ea lly
su per ior a n d st r on ger ; or m er ely a n ger a n d
a n n oya n ce in t h e r ea lly equ a l. Aga in , fea r a n d
dist r u st will in spir e pr ide a n d scor n in t h e
su per ior ; a n d equ a l or gr ea t er fea r a n d dist r u st
in t h e r ea lly in fer ior ; or m er ely a n ger a n d
a n n oya n ce in t h e r ea lly equ a l. So ben evolen ce
will in spir e h u m ilit y, love or ben evolen ce. An d
a ga in , h u m ilit y will evoke ben evolen ce, love or
h u m ilit y.
Bu t in a n in dividu a l belon gin g t o t h e cla ss
in wh om t h e "u n it ed self” is st r on g (belon gin g
t o t h e side of vir t u e, love a n d u n selfish n ess by
deliber a t e cu lt iva t ion ) t h e sigh t of fea r , equ a lly
wit h t h e sigh t of h u m ilit y, will n ot a r ou se
scor n –bu t on t h e con t r a r y, ben evolen ce, or
fr ien dlin ess, or gr ea t er h u m ilit y a ccor din gly a s
t h e per son t owa r ds wh om fea r is expr essed
feels h im self t o be st r on ger ; t h a t of a n ger ,
su llen n ess, a n d m or osen ess will n ot in spir e
a n n oya n ce, r es er ve a n d wit h d r a wa l, bu t
lik ewise on t h e con t r a r y, will evok e love a n d
a ffect ion a n d a n effor t t o br ea k d own t h e
Gen er a lly spea k in g, "t h r ee wa ys of dea lin g
w it h im p u ls e s r e cogn ize d b y s ocie t y a s
u n d e s i r a b l e , " a r e : (1 ) r e w a r d s a n d
p u n is h m e n t s ; (2 ) s u b lim a t ion , a n d t h e
pr ovision of h a r m less (or even u sefu l) ou t let s;
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ot h er 's cr u st -wa ll of evil, selfish m ood; equ a lly,
t h a t of pr ide will n ot evok e fea r , bu t t r u e
h u m ilit y, ben evolen ce or fr ien dlin ess.
Con ver s ely, in a n in d ivid u a l belon gin g
t h r ou gh defin it e in t en t ion or per su a sion in t h e
dir ect ion of t h e da r k er side, (t h e side of h a t e,
vice a n d selfish n ess), t h e sigh t of h u m ilit y will
evok e disda in , su spicion , con t em pt , a n ger or
scor n ; t h a t of love--a n ger , scor n , su spicion a n d
fea r ; t h a t of ben evolen ce fea r a n d dist r u st .
Th e cor r espon den ces m a y be wor k ed ou t
a n d obser ved t h r ou gh a ll gr a des a n d k in ds of
em ot ion , t h e det a ils bein g a s n u m ber less a s
in dividu a l bein gs.
It m a y be u sefu l t o pu t t h e gen er a liza t ion s
m a de a bove in t h e for m of t a bu la t ion s:
a n d (3) ph ysiologica l t r ea t m en t lea din g t o t h e
wea k en in g or dest r u ct ion of t h e im pu lse in
qu est ion . Th ese t h r ee m odes, in essen t ia ls, a r e
a s old a s h u m a n it y it self, bu t in a ccor da n ce
wit h t h e gen er a l la w of ch a n ge a n d evolu t ion ,
n ewer a spect s a n d for m s a r e a lwa ys com in g
for w a r d a n d s e n d i n g ol d e r on e s i n t o
dissolu t ion .
1. Re w a rd s a n d P u n is h m e n ts
a . In t h e ca se of t h e deliber a t e pr eser ver of
s elf-d is cip lin e, t h e u s e of r ewa r d s a n d
pu n ish m en t s wou ld be pr im a r ily su bject ive
or m e n t a l, w ou ld t a k e t h e s h a p e of
m edit a t in g u pon t h e n ega t ive a n d posit ive
con sequ en ces of r esist in g or yieldin g t o t h e
good or t h e evil im pu lses--pa in fir st a n d
plea su r e a ft er wa r ds wh er e t h e vir t u ou s
im pu lses a r e followed; or plea su r e fir st a n d
pa in a ft er wa r ds wh en t h e vices a r e given
pla y.
b. In t h e ca se of t h e or din a r y per son a lso, t h e
per sist in g idea of pu n ish m en t a n d r ewa r d
p r od u ce m ot ive s for r e fr a in in g fr om
in du lgen ce of t h e m or e selfish pa ssion s,
t h er eby per m it t in g t h e m a n ifest a t ion of
t h e good . Th e d iffer en ce is t h a t t h e
in d u lge n ce a void e d a n d s u b s e q u e n t
elim in a t ion of it s in evit a ble or con sequ en t
m a n ifest a t ion , in t h is ca se t h e m ost ly over t
on e, pr odu ces r ewa r ds a n d pu n ish m en t s
t h a t a r e per son a l.
Wh er e t h e u n it y of a ll life h a s been r ecogn ized,
t h e good or ill con sequ en ces a r e sen sed a s
wide-r ea ch in g, a n d a s psych ica l a s well a s
p h ys ica l. T h e in d u lge n ce s a r e t h e r e for e
gu a r ded a ga in st , wh ilst b e n e fi ce n t
m a n ifest a t ion s a r e pr om ot ed--t h e r ewa r ds a n d
pu n ish m en t s con t em pla t ed bein g in n er m or e
t h a n ou t er .
F or t h e in dividu a l wh o is dom in a t ed by t h e
sen se of per son a l egoist ic sepa r a t en ess a n d
selfish n ess, t h e syst em of ext er n a l r ewa r ds a n d
pu n ish m en t s a n d t h e con st a n t m a in t en a n ce of
t h ese befor e h is or h er m in d's eye by va r iou s
devices of in st r u ct ion a n d disciplin e, h a ve t o
com e pr im a r ily a n d m a in ly fr om wit h ou t .
I n t h e ca s e of t h e in d ivid u a l wh o h a s
cr os s e d ove r fr om p r e va ilin g e gois m t o
pr eva ilin g a lt r u ism , fr om "I" t o "We," fr om t h e
con cr et e t o t h e a bst r a ct , t h e sin gu la r t o t h e
u n ive r s a l, t h e n e e d e d in s t r u ct ion a n d
disciplin e well u p pr im a r ily a n d m a in ly fr om
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wit h in .
2. S u blim a tio n .
T h e m e a s u r e w h i ch s h ou l d fol l ow
im m e d ia t e ly a ft e r , or in d e e d b e t a k e n
sim u lt a n eou sly wit h , t h a t of t h e r est r a in t of
t h e viciou s im p u ls e, is t h e p r ovid in g of a
h ea lt h y ou t let for t h e en er gy in volved , by
m ea n s of su blim a t ion --t h a t is, t r a n sm u t a t ion
or eleva t ion fr om a lower a n d gr osser for m of
expr ession t o a h igh er , fin er a n d m or e n oble
on e. As is a xiom a t ic in psych ology, ph ysiology,
p h ys ics , p olit ics , et c., m er e r ep r es s ion of
en er gies wit h ou t r ed ir ect ion in t o s a fe a n d
u s efu l ven t s or ou t let s cou ld lea d on ly t o
e x p l os i on s , d a m -b u r s t in gs , in u n d a t ion s ,
r e v ol t s , h y s t e r i a , i n s a n i t i e s , m a n i a s ,
con gest ion s, a n d pecu lia r m a la dies or disea ses
of a ll kin ds, t h e disea se of ca n cer bein g a pr im e
exa m ple.
"Do n ot do t h is," is on ly less t h a n h a lf t h e
wise cou n sel. "Do t h is ot h er t h in g," is t h e ot h er
a n d m or e im por t a n t h a lf. Th e in dispen sa ble
com plem en t of vairâgya, "t u r n in g a wa y" fr om
t h e wr on g, is a d h yâ sa , "t u r n in g t owa r ds" t h e
r igh t . Wit h su blim a t ion , a s wit h r ewa r ds a n d
pu n ish m en t s, t h e dir ect ion h a s t o com e fr om
w i t h ou t for t h e u n r e g e n e r a t e a n d
pr edom in a n t ly egot ist ic in dividu a l. F or t h e
a lt r u ist ic or t wicebor n , it com es fr om wit h in .
On e pr edom in a n t wa y t o br in g a bou t t h e
n eeded ch a n ge of h ea r t a n d h ea d, t o t r a n sfor m
a n d su blim a t e t h e en er gies of pa ssion in t o
r egen er a t in g m or a l fir e a n d illu m in a t in g
in t ellect u a l ligh t --wh er eby people will fost er
a n d pr om ot e ea ch ot h er by a ct ion a n d r ea ct ion -
-is t o t ea ch diligen t ly a n ew a n d yet m ost
a n cien t r eligion , t o spr ea d a n ew t h e "E t er n a l
U n i v e r s a l M y s t e r y R e l i g i on of t h e
In dest r u ct ibilit y a n d In ext in gu ish a ble n a t u r e
of t h e U n iver sa l F la m e of t h e Spir it of Ma n ,"
wh ich of cou r se, lies a t t h e h ea r t of a ll bein gs
a n d a ll t r u e r eligion . Wh en t h a t E lixir of Life
en t er s in t o a n d slowly per va des t h e or ga n ism
of t h e h u m a n r a ce, t h e disea se a n d cor r u pt n ess
ext a n t will be r egen er a t ed t h r ou gh fier y
a spir a t ion a n d t r a n sfor m a t ion , t h er eby lea vin g
t h e body of h u m a n it y wh ole.
3. P h y s io lo g ic a l Op e ra tio n s .
Th e t h ir d m ode of ph ysiologica l t r ea t m en t ,
wh ich is t h e view of t h e m or e or t h od ox
t h in ker s, con sider s t h a t t h e im pu lsive life ca n
be u t t er ly t r a n sfor m ed by ph ysiologica l m ea n s,
t h a t is, by st im u la t in g or r et a r din g t h e a ct ion
of va r iou s gla n ds or by ext ir pa t ion s of va r iou s
pa r t s of t h e br a in or ot h er or ga n s. Wh ilst t h e
ben efit s of m oder n su r ger y a n d m edica l scien ce
t o h u m a n it y m u st be du ly a ck n owledged a s
n ot h in g sh or t of a n a bsolu t e essen t ia l a n d m ost
sign ifica n t a dva n cem en t in t h e ca r e of t h e
h u m a n r a ce, h er e a lso, t h e a n cien t ea st er n
pr a ct ice seem s t o h a ve been t o wor k m ost ly
fr om wit h in , wh ile t h e m oder n west er n societ y
h a s wor k ed m or e fr om wit h ou t . Bot h m et h ods
of cou r se a r e com plem en t a r y a n d will som e da y
be seen so t o be. P h ysiologica l m ea n s becom e
p s ych o-p h ys ica l on e s in yoga p r a ct ice s .
Su r gica l oper a t ion s a r e n ot u n k n own t o yoga ;
bu t t h e gen er a l su ggest ion s a n d in dica t ion s in
su ch wor ks a s t h e Y oga S û tra a n d B h âsh ya a r e
t h a t t h e n er ves a n d gla n ds ca n be wor k ed on
fr om wit h in (a s a r es u lt of a s t u d y a n d
k n owledge of t h e occu lt a n a t om y in volved in
t h e con st it u t ion of m a n ) by m ea n s of t h e t h r ee
pr ocess of d h aran â (con cen t r a t ion or focu sin g
t h e m in d), d h yâ n a (con t em pla t ion lea din g t o
a n evok ed r egen er a t ion of ch it t a -in t elligen ce
su bst a n ce in t o r egen er a t ed wisdom su bst a n ce,
t h r ou gh s t e a d y a n d in t e n t ob s e r va t ion ),
sam âd h i (r a pt r ea liza t ion or t h e h igh est for m
of m edit a t ion -con t em pla t ion ), a n d wh ich a r e
a ll s u m m ed u p in sam -yam a (m in d-con t r ol
a t t en t ion ). It m u st be n ot ed t h a t wh ile som e
det a ils a r e given exot er ica lly a s r ega r ds t h e
st im u la t ion of specia l gla n ds a n d plexi for t h e
developm en t of specia l power s or ext en sion of
fa cu lt ies, in dica t ion s a n d t r a in in g m u st a lso be
given r ega r d in g t h e cu lt iva t ion of s p ecia l
vir t u es a n d t h e a t r oph yin g or er a dica t ion of
t h e m or e selfish t en den cies.
An old Sa n sk r it ver se sa ys, "Th er e is n o
sou n d wh ich h a s n ot m a gica l pot en cy, a n d
wh ich is n ot a m a n t r a -in ca n t a t ion . Th er e is n o
su bst a n ce wh ich h a s n ot a t h er a peu t ic va lu e.
Th er e is n o h u m a n bein g wh o is r ea lly good-
for -n ot h in g. Bu t wh a t is wa n t ed a n d is n ot
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ea sily fou n d is t h e per son wh o k n ows h ow t o
u se ea ch ." A scien t ific yet a ll-in clu sive socia l
or ga n iza t ion wh ich will effect a com pr om ise
bet ween in dividu a lism a n d socia lism , wh ich
will r econ cile or in deed com bin e t h e division s
of t h e st a ges in t h e in dividu a l life a n d t h e
division s of voca t ion s in t h e com m u n a l life,
m u st fir st be a gr eed u pon so a s t o sh a pe t h e
wor ld in t o a n or der ly wor ld.
S om e of t h e u n d e s ir a b le a n d s e lfis h
pa ssion s (fr om wh ich n ea r ly a ll h u m a n bein gs
s u ffer , m or e or les s ) wou ld h a ve a bet t er
ch a n ce of b e in g t r a n s m u t e d in t o t h e ir
cor r espon din g vir t u es, or a t t h e ver y lea st ,
d ilu t e d in t o m ild e r for m s , t h r ou gh t h e
t r a n sfor m a t ion of societ y it self. Bu t , let it be
r eit er a t ed, wh a t h a s been h er ein set for t h is
com pa r a t ive. Spea k in g in t er m s of absolu tes,
a n d wit h r ega r d t o con dit ion s r ela t ive t o a n d
wit h in ou r t h r ee wor lds of h u m a n evolu t ion ,
n eit h er is ‘good’ wh olly a bolish a ble, n or ' evil';
n eit h er joy, n or sor r ow, As Sh u kr a sa id t o Ba li
in t h e B h âgavata, "Un t r u t h , E r r or , E vil, is t h e
h idden r oot a n d m a n u r e of t h e Tr ee of Life;
Tr u t h , Wisdom a n d Bea u t y or Goodn ess is it s
flower a n d fr u it ."
Th e pla ce wh er e a ll t h ese st a t es begin a n d
en d is in t h e m in d n a t u r e it self, a n d t h u s
t h r ou gh it s n on -u se, m isu se, u se or r igh t u se, it
lea ds t o su ffer in g or t o joy, t o bon da ge or t o
fr eedom a n d liber a t ion . It is t h u s t o t h a t of
r igh t m e n t a l d e ve lop m e n t , con t r ol a n d
expa n sion a n d t h e r igh t u se of t h e m in d t h a t
ou r a t t en t ion is dir ect ed in or der t o r ein for ce -
in r igh t spir it u a l dir ect ion –t h e n a t u r e of t h e
will.
H owever , collect ively spea k in g, a st a t e or
con dit ion in wh ich on ly t h e on e exist s, a n d n ot
t h e ot h er , is n ot possible r ela t ively spea k in g.
Bu t wh a t is possible, a n d a ct u a lly occu r s, is
t h a t a t cer t a in per iods in t im e a n d spa ce t h e
good pr eva ils, a n d t h en t h e evil. It is for a ll of
u s t o en dea vor t o m a k e t h e good pr eva il. Th e
du t y of t h e per son wh o h a s glim psed t h e u n it y
of a ll life a n d t h e or ga n ic con t in u it y of a ll
n a t u r e is t o st r ive t o t h e best of h is or h er lit t le
p ower , wh a t ever be t h e a ct u a l r es u lt , t o
m in im ize t h e ba d a n d m a xim ize t h e good
wit h in t h e t im e a n d s p a ce, cu lt u r e a n d
civiliza t ion , t o wh ich h is or h er r ea ch ext en ds.
T h u s , a ls o, ca n a w e ll-p la n n e d s ocia l
or ga n iza t ion em er ge in t o fu ller bea u t y.
To r eca pit u la t e: t h e self h a s been st a t ed t o
be t h e fir st a n d for em ost in dispen sa ble fa ct or
of life. It h a s a lso been st a t ed t h a t , in t h e
con s ciou s in d ivid u a l con d it ion , t h e s e lf,
t h r ou gh m odified ext en ded iden t ifica t ion wit h
a n u p â d h i (a veh icle or body), a n d t h er efor e
wit h t h e ou t er cr u st of m a t er ia l life, is in a
st a t e of eit h er plea su r e or pa in . By ca r efu l
exa m in a t ion , it h a s a ppea r ed t h a t plea su r e is
t h e feelin g of a n expa n sion , a n in cr ea se of t h e
s elf, or s elf a s exp er ien ced u n con s ciou s ly
t h r ou gh t h e self. Th e ver y essen ce of plea su r e
is a n en h a n cem en t of t h e self, it s gr owt h , it s
in t en sifica t ion , it s su per ior it y over ot h er s or
over it s own pa st st a t es, it s m or en ess in sh or t -
m or en ess t h a n befor e or com pa r ed wit h ot h er s.
Lik ewise, pa in is t h e feelin g of con t r a ct ion ,
n a r r owin g, in fer ior it y, lessn ess of t h e self t h a n
befor e a n d t h a n com pa r ed t o ot h er s. Bu t if
plea su r e a n d pa in a r e ca pa ble of su ch u n ifor m
ch a r a ct er iza t ion , h ow is it t h a t in t h e con cr et e,
a ct u a l life e xp e r ie n ce , t h a t w h ich give s
plea su r e t o on e in dividu a l gives posit ive pa in
t o a n ot h er , a n d vice ver sa ? Do t h ese fa ct s
con t r a d i ct t h e d e fin it ion or a r e t h e y
r econ cila ble wit h it ? Th ey a r e, of cou r s e,
r econ cila ble wit h it for in deed, it is ou t of a ll
s u ch fa ct s t h a t t h e d efin it ion h a s been
gen er a lized. An in dividu a l is a com pou n d of
t h e Pratyagâtm â (t h e a bst r a ct self, t h e on e)
a n d a p or t ion of t h e con cr et e n ot -self, t h e
M û laprak riti, (t h e m a n y). N ot u n t il su ch a
com bin a t ion t a k es pla ce is t h e m u lt it u din ou s
wor ld-pr ocess, sa m sâ ra , possible. Th e self, a s
su ch , t h e a bst r a ct self, is in ca pa ble of bein g
a dded t o or su bt r a ct ed fr om ; it h a s n o qu a n t it y.
Th e n ot -self a s su ch , t h e con cr et e m a n y, is a lso
in ca pa ble of bein g a dded t o or su bt r a ct ed fr om ;
it is on ly t h e im plicit t ot a l, t h e wh ole of a ll
pa r t icu la r s a n d h a s n o m a n ifest a n d explicit
qu a lit y. F or t h er e t o be a n y defin it ion t h e t wo
Avyak tas, t h e Un m a n ifest In fin it e Self a n d t h e
In defin it e Not Self, m u st be seen in r ela t ion , in
mutual t r a n s fu s ion , con fu s ion ,
s u p e r im p os it ion , ad h yâsa. Th is
su per im posit ion br in gs ou t a t t r ibu t es in ea ch ,
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a n d, a t t h e sa m e t im e, im poses t h ose of ea ch
u pon t h e ot h er , wh er eby we h a ve qu a lit ies,
qu a n t it ies , a n d m ovem en t s in t h e ca u s a l,
su bject ive, m en t a l a n d psych ica l, a s well a s in
t h e ob je ct ive , p h ys ica l p or t ion s of t h e
in d ivid u a l. Th u s , we a r e r efer r ed a ga in t o
s v a b h â v a . N ow, wh en t h e self h a s becom e
iden t ified wit h a n u pâd h i, a veh icle or por t ion
of t h e n ot -s elf, p r in cip a lly t h r ou gh d es ir e,
wh en a n in dividu a l pr oper --a con glom er a t e of
s elf a n d n ot -s elf, t h e wh ole beh a vin g a n d
r ega r din g it self a s a n in dividu a l-t h e sem bla n ce
of a per son a lit y wit h qu a n t it y a n d qu a lit y h a s
been for m ed, t h en con t r a ct ion a n d expa n sion ,
p a i n a n d p l e a s u r e , b e com e p os s i b l e .
Accor d in gly, t h e n a t u r e a n d t h e s t a ge of
d e ve lop m e n t of t h e p a r t icu la r , lim it e d ,
in d ivid u a l p er s on a l s elf will d et er m in e it s
ca u ses of plea su r e a n d pa in . Wh a t ever h elps t o
expa n d t h a t pa r t icu la r n a t u r e will be on t h e
side of plea su r e; t h e opposit e pa in fu l.
S e lfis h in d ivid u a ls fin d p le a s u r e in
wh a t ever in cr ea ses t h eir in dividu a l sen sor y
plea su r e, or m a t er ia l sh ea t h (u pâ dh i), t h eir
'feelin g good ' or p h ys ica l p os s es s ion s a n d
belon gin gs ; h en ce for t h em ‘t a k in g’ is t h e
wa t ch wor d, even if, for t h em it is u n con sciou s.
Wit h u n s elfis h in d ivid u a ls , on t h e ot h er
h a n d,’givin g’ is t h e gu idin g pr in ciple. In t h e
fir st ca se, t h e in dividu a l is u n der t h e illu sion
or gla m ou r t h a t t h e m or e h e solidifies h is
a st r a l or m a t er ia l sh ea t h (or u pâd h i) t h e m or e
h e st r en gt h en s, per pet u a t es, a n d expa n ds h is
self. In t h e secon d ca se, t h e in dividu a l feels
t h a t t h e m or e h e gives a wa y of h is u pâd h i, t h e
m or e h e elim in a t es fr om it , a t t en u a t es ,
cu lt u r es a n d r e-fin es it , t h en m or e is t h e
possibilit y of h is self u n it in g wit h ot h er selves,
a n d t h r ou gh it s exp a n s ion a n d in cr ea s e,
a ssim ila t ion in t o t h e On e Self.
Bea r in g in m in d t h e possibilit y of en dless
m odifica t ion s a ll of wh ich will be fou n d ca pa ble
of r e d u ct ion b y t h e ge n e r a l p r in cip le s
m en t ion ed in t h is pa per --it m a y be n ot ed t h a t
t o a ce r t a in cla s s of in d ivid u a ls t h e
cir cu m s t a n ces a r ou s in g t h e on e cla s s of
em ot ion s will be exclu sively plea su r a ble a n d
t h e opposit e pa in fu l; wh er ea s a m on gst t h e
ot h er t h e r ever se will be t h e ca se. Wh er ever
t h er e is occa s ion for t h e exer cis e of a n ~
em ot ion of on e cla ss, t h er e is pr esen t a lso,
eit h er a s ca u se or ~ effect , a n occa sion for a n
em ot ion of t h e opposit e cla ss.
It sh ou ld a lso be n ot ed t h a t t h e desir e of
t h e in dividu a l is a lwa ys t owa r ds 'm or en ess'
a n d a wa y fr om ‘lessn ess’. It loves t h a t wh ich
m a k es it m or e; it h a t es t h a t wh ich m a k es it
less. Bu t t h e it t h a t is t o be m a de m or e or less
of is differ en t in va r yin g ca ses. Desir e, per se,
m a y be con sider ed n eit h er plea su r a ble n or
p a in fu l. T h a t w h i ch i s d es i r ed , a n d th e
con d ition of t h e self wh en it h a s been ga in ed,
a r e bot h ca lled plea su r a ble. Th a t wh ich is
desir ed t o be a voided, a n d t h e con dit ion of t h e
self wh en it is n ot a voided, a r e bot h ca lled
pa in fu l.
Th e in dividu a l ca n n ot fu lly u n der st a n d
a n d r ea lize t h e t r u e m ea n in g of love a n d h a t e
u n t il it h a s, in som e m om en t or ot h er of it s life,
r isen beyon d t h em in t o, a n d pr eser ves t h e
m em or y of, t h e r egion in wh ich n eit h er h a s
exist en ce a n d fr om wh ich bot h t a ke t h eir bir t h .
I t is a t s u ch t im e t h a t t h e S cien ce of t h e
E m ot ion s is m ost h elpfu l. Bu t h a vin g, even
on ce, seen t h em on t h eir essen t ia l level, t h e
in dividu a l ca n t h en cefor t h deliber a t ely ch oose
t h ose on t h e side of love, for in t h a t r ea liza t ion
a n d ch oice , t h e p u r p os e s of D e it y a r e
cooper a t ed wit h . F r om t h a t m om en t on wa r ds,
wit h in cr ea sin gly clea r er vision , t h e in dividu a l-
r eviewin g befor e a n d a ft er a s con sequ en t ia l,
u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e w a y i t h a s com e ,
u n der st a n din g a lso t h e wa y it m u st r et u r n ,
k n owin g t h e n a t u r e of t h e desir es t h a t led it
'for wa r d,' in t o den ser a n d den ser m a t er ia l life
a n d wou ld n ow h old it t h er e–r ises a bove t h em
by t h a t ver y kn owledge, for t o kn ow t h e lim it ed
is t o be a bove a n d beyon d it .
T h u s t h e n , m a y t h e S cie n ce of t h e
E m ot ion s be a ddr essed t o a ll, t h ou gh a ll m a y
n ot obviou sly a n d open ly be in sym pa t h y wit h
it s pr a ct ica l pu r pose. F or , h idden a wa y in t h e
h ea r t of ea ch m em ber of t h e h u m a n r a ce, is t h e
seed of v a irâ gyâ,2 a n d t h er e is n o m yst er y in
t h is. Desir e is in t h e h u m a n h ea r t , or r a t h er
t h e "su n of t h e per son a lit y." Desir e ca r r ies
wit h it it s own fr u s t r a t ion , a n d in t h e
fr u st r a t ion is vairâgya. Cu lt iva t e va ir â gya m y
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br ot h er s. An d wh en t h e seed of it begin s t o
sh ow soft spr ou t s wit h in you r m in ds, n ou r ish
a n d gu a r d t h em ca r efu lly. Cea se t o live for t h e
sepa r a t ed self; begin t o live for ot h er s. Th er e is
n o fa lla cy in spr ea din g a br oa d t h is cou n sel,
fr ien ds! F or su ch a n in dividu a l becom es, by
con st a n t pr a ct ice, t h e m a st er of em ot ion s fr om
h a vin g been t h eir sla ve; a n d by a n d by, wit h
fu r t h er lon g-con t in u ed pr a ct ice, t h e in dividu a l
lea r n s t o gu ide t h e em ot ion s of h is fellow-m en
a lso t o bet t er , or m or e desir a ble wa ys, h im self
bein g a lwa ys gu id ed by t h e la r ge-h ea r t ed
ch a r it y in t h e in t er pr et a t ion of t h e con du ct of
ot h er s wh ich a r ises in h im fr om t h e kn owledge
t h a t we a r e a ll, a t lea st , a s m u ch effect s a s
ca u ses, a n d t h a t we a r e a ll "a s we h a ve m a de
ou r selves" t h r ou gh pa st h a bit s, desir es, a n d
effor t s ; yet t h er e is a ls o a n d a lwa ys t h e
possibilit y of r em a kin g ou r selves a n ew.
La s t Wo rd s –Ve rba tim fro m B h a g a v a n D a s
My r ea der s! Never a ga in , a ft er h a vin g r ea d
t h is book let wit h u n der st a n din g, ca n you be
a lt oge t h e r w it h ou t t h e s e lf e xa m in in g
con sciou sn ess a n d t h e self-m a st er y t h a t m a kes
you t u r n a ga in a n d a ga in u pon you r self t o
wa t ch a n d r egu la t e wh a t you a r e t h in k in g,
s a yin g, d oin g; a n d even if wit h t h is t h er e
sh ou ld com e u pon you a h a r a ssin g wea r in ess
a n d sen se of em pt in ess of life a n d con st a n t
defea t of plea su r e, you will n ot t h in k t h a t t h is
is du e t o you r n ew h a bit of self-a n a lysis. You
will k n ow t h a t t h is h a s com e t o you wit h t h e
pa r t ia l cessa t ion of Desir e, wh ich h a s m a de it
possible for you t o t u r n in wa r ds t owa r ds t h e
S elf, a n d u n d er s t a n d t h e S cien ce of t h e
E m ot ion s a s on e im p or t a n t p or t ion of t h e
Scien ce of t h e Self. An d you will kn ow t h a t it is
t h is ver y S cien ce t h a t will h elp you t o
su ccessfu lly st r u ggle a ga in st a n d ga in vict or y
over t h a t dr ea r y em pt in ess a n d du ll h a r a ssin g
wea r in ess, by en a blin g you t o cu lt iva t e Love
u n ive r s a l a n d t h e ca p a cit y for w or k in
iden t ifica t ion wit h t h e cosm ic life of Ish va r a ,
a n d gr a du a lly t o fin d gr ea t er a n d gr ea t er joy in
sa cr ifice for ot h er s, even a s H e fin ds joy in
sa cr ifice for H is wor lds. Lon g do t h e u ses of
t h is Scien ce la st --in deed, a ll t h r ou gh t h e life of
t h e cos m ic s ys t e m s . F or , w h e r e ve r a n d Fellow sh ip" from th e A rts Cou n cil of Great
wh en ever is t h e J iva -self, t h er e wit h it go it s B ritain . H e stu d ied m u sic com position in N ew
t h r eefold a ct ivit ies of Cogn it ion , Desir e, a n d Y ork City w ith N ils Vigelan d an d , as a '”fellow "
Act ion . Th ou gh t , E m ot ion , a n d Occu pa t ion , a t S .U .N .Y , B u ffa lo, w it h t h e la t e M ort on
a n d t h er efor e a lwa ys is it u sefu l t o k n ow a n d Feld m an . A L on g-tim e stu d en t of th e A geless
bea r in con sciou sn ess t h e in m ost n a t u r e of W isd om , Keith h as em erged as a teach er an d
t h ese t h r ee. F a ct s of ou t er scien ce a r e u sefu l or w rit er in t h is field , sp ea k in g a t sem in a rs,
u s e le s s a ccor d in g t o t h e ou t e r m a t e r ia l w ork sh ops, an d con feren ces. H e form ed Fiery
su r r ou n din gs. Th e ch em ist r y of a n elem en t , W orld M u sic in 1984 an d A n cien t U n iversal
t h e ph ysics of a for ce, a r e u seless in a wor ld M ysteries (A.U.M .) in 1988.
wh er e t h e elem en t or t h a t for ce is n ot . Bu t
t h er e a r e n o wor lds wh er e J iva s a r e n ot ; a n d
t h er efor e a r e t h e fa ct s of t h e in n er Scien ce
u sefu l a lwa ys; t h er efor e is t h e Scien ce of t h e
S elf, Adh yâ t m a -Vidyâ ., t h e h igh es t of t h e
Scien ces.
P E ACE TO ALL BE INGS

1. In a Tr ea t ise on Wh it e Ma gic (p.296) t h e

Tibet a n s t a t es "I wou ld lik e t o s u gges t t o
s t u d en t s t h a t t h ey p r ocu r e if p os s ible Th e
Scien ce of t h e E m ot ion s by Bh a ga va n Da s. It is
a n a ble t r ea t ise on t h e a st r a l a n d sen t ien t
body, a n d dea ls wit h t h e fa ct or s t h a t m ost
n ea r ly con cer n t h e a spir a n t a s h e fa ces t h e
pr oblem of u n der st a n din g a n d of con t r ollin g
H is e m ot ion a l n a t u r e , of m a s t e r in g t h e
t ech n iqu e of developm en t , a n d of r eor ien t in g it
t o wider exper ien ce a n d of pr epa r in g it for t h e
t es t s a n d exp a n s ion s of t h e s econ d m a jor
in it ia t ion –t h e Ba pt ism a n d t h e fin a l en t er in g
of t h e st r ea m ."
2. Va ir â gya : A ver y im p or t a n t wor d in
S a n s k r it wit h a p r ofou n d ly u n t r a n s la t a ble
m ea n in g. It essen t ia lly r efer s t o t h e seed or
con dit ion wit h in wh ich is ca pa ble of t u r n in g
t owa r ds t h e Ligh t , or a n even gr ea t er Ligh t , a t
a n y st a ge of t h e jou r n ey t owa r ds en ligh t en ed
Bein g. I t is es s en t ia lly t h a t con d it ion of
"t u r n in g" or "t h a t wh ich ca n be t u r n ed."

Copyr igh t  1996 Keit h Ba iley–All r igh t s

r eser ved.

K eit h B a iley, a m u sicia n a n d com p oser,

perform s con certs on h is T em ple Percu ssion
I n s t r u m en t s . H e r ecei v ed t h e “Y ou n g
M u sician 's A w ard " from th e Greater L on d on
A r t s A s s oci a t i on a n d a “C om p os i t i on
19
T h e S cien ce of th e E m otion s J ou rn al of E soteric Psych ology • Volu m e X • N o. 1 • S prin g 1996