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Working Stress Analysis for

Concrete Beams

Consider a relatively long simply supported

beam shown below. Assume the load wo to be
increasing progressively until the beam fails.
The beam will go into the following three
stages:
1. Uncrack Concrete Stage – at this stage, the
gross section of the concrete will resist the
bending which means that the beam will
behave like a solid beam made entirely of
concrete.
2. Crack Concrete Stage – Elastic Stress range
3. Ultimate Stress Stage – Beam Failure

Concrete Beam Crack

Stages
At section 1: Uncrack stage
a. Actual moment, M < Cracking
moment, Mcr
b. No cracking occur
c. The gross section resists bending
d. The tensile stress of concrete is below
rupture

At Section 2: Boundary between crack

and uncrack stages
a. Actual moment, M = Cracking
moment, Mcr
b. Crack begins to form
c. The gross section resists bending
d. The tensile stress of concrete reached
the rupture point

At Section 3: Crack concrete stage

a. Actual moment, M > Cracking
moment, Mcr
b. Elastic stress stage
c. Cracks developed at the tension fiber
of the beam and spreads quickly to the
neutral axis
d. The tensile stress of concrete is higher
than the rupture strength
e. Ultimate stress stage can occur at
failure

Working Stress Analysis –

Uncracked Stage
The beam will behave elastically and remains
uncracked. The tensile stress of concrete is
below rupture.

Cracking Moment
NSCP 2010, Section 409.6.2.3

Modulus of rupture of concrete,

fr = 0.7√‾‾
fc′ MPa
fr I g
Cracking moment, Mcr =
yt

Where
Ig = Moment of inertia of the gross section
neglecting reinforcement
yt = distance from centroid of gross section to
extreme tension fiber

Working Stress Analysis –

Cracked Stage
General Requirement
Actual Stresses ≤ Allowable Stresses

Internal Couple Method

Static equilibrium of internal forces

Factor k:
fc
k=
fs
fc +
n
Factor j:
j = 1 13 k
Moment resistance coefficient:
1
R= f
2 c
kj
Moment capacity: Use the smallest of the two
1
Mc = C jd = f
2 c
kj bd 2 = Rbd 2
Ms = T jd = As fs jd

Transformed Section Method

Convert steel area to equivalent concrete area
by multiplying As with modular ratio, n.

Location of the neutral axis from extreme

compression fiber
Singly reinforced: 12 bx 2 = n As (d −x)
Doubly reinforced:
1
2
bx 2 + (2n −1)A′s (x −d ′ ) = n As (d −x)

Cracked section moment of inertia (INA = Icr)

Singly reinforced:
bx 3
INA = + n As (d −x)2
3
Doubly reinforced:
bx 3
INA = + (2n −1)A′s (x −d ′ )2 + n As (d −x)2
3

Actual stresses (calculate using Flexure

Formula)
Concrete
Mx
fc =
INA
Tension steel
fs M(d −x)
=
n INA
Compression steel for doubly reinforced
fs′ M(x −d ′ )
=
2n INA

Tags:
Cracking Moment
Cracked Stage of Concrete
Uncracked Stage of Concrete
Internal Couple Method
Transformed Section Method

Example 01: Total Compression

Force at the Section of Concrete
Beam
Example 02: Moment Capacity of a
Concrete Beam
Example 03: Compressive Force at
the Section of Concrete T-Beam
Example 04: Stress of Tension Steel,
Stress of Compression Steel, and
Stress of Concrete in Doubly
Reinforced Beam

‹ Working Stress up Example 01: Total

Design of Compression
Reinforced Force at the
Concrete Section of
Concrete Beam ›

Comments

Ultimate stress design po?

Permalink Submitted by Collen Pacheco on August 4, 2018 -

12:59pm.

Ultimate stress design po?

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Reinforced Concrete Design

Working Stress Design of Reinforced Concrete

Working Stress Analysis for Concrete Beams
Example 01: Total Compression Force at
the Section of Concrete Beam
Example 02: Moment Capacity of a
Concrete Beam
Example 03: Compressive Force at the
Section of Concrete T-Beam
Example 04: Stress of Tension Steel, Stress
of Compression Steel, and Stress of
Concrete in Doubly Reinforced Beam

Design of Steel Reinforcement of Concrete

Beams by WSD Method

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