BIBLIOGRAFI

SUMBER PERTAMA

PERSEKUTUAN

Rekod Pejabat Tanah Jajahan British (Colonial Office Records)

[ANM]
CO 273: Straits Settlements Original Correspondence, File list, 1836-1900: Vol. 1-12
CO 438: Perak Sessional Papers , 1888-1939 (5 Jilid)
CO 574: Federated Malay States Government Gazette, 1909-1946
CO 717: British Malaya, 1920-1957, Volume : 10
CO 537: British Malaya, 1847-1955, Volume : 12

[Perpustakaan Universiti Nasional Singapura]

CO 717: Federated Malay States, Original Correspondence, 1920-1951

[Arkib Nasional Singapura]

CO 852: Reoccupation of British Banking Facilities (NAB 1707)

Rekod Fail [ANM]

Fail Pesuruhjaya Tinggi, Malaya [Compass]

Fail Federal Secretariat [Compass]
Fail Pentadbiran Tentera British (BMA) [Compass]

Fail Kementerian

Kementerian Buruh dan Tenaga Rakyat, Kuala Lumpur, 1948-1962

Rekod Fail Arkib Negeri dan Daerah [ANM dan cawangan-cawangannya]

Selangor
Fail Setiausaha Selangor (SSF)
Mahkamah Ulu Selangor , Selangor, 1930-1938
District Office Ulu Selangor, 1927-1930
Daerah Ulu Selangor, 1924-1985
Daerah Ulu Langat, 1927-1955
Daerah Ulu Selangor, 1924-1985
Pejabat Tanah Daerah Klang, 1926-1945
Pejabat Tanah Selangor, Gadaian: 8/9/1931-9/4/1932, Memorandum of Charge,
Schedule XXIV (a) –under section 129 of “The Land Code, 1926”

Negeri Sembilan
Fail Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri Sembilan
British Residents Office Negeri Sembilan Financial ‘F’, 1931-1935
Mahkamah Tinggi Seremban, FMS, 1929-1934
Mahkamah Tinggi Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, 1935-1947

255
Fail Pejabat Tanah Port Dickson, 1932-1930

Perak
Kinta Land Office, 1934-1936
Pejabat Daerah Sitiawan, 1914-1926
Pejabat Tanah Batu Gajah, 1930-1962

Pahang
Letters of Administration Land Office, Kuantan, 1927-1934
Pahang Misc 679/1938
Pejabat Daerah Raub, 1919-1928
Kuantan District Office, 1940-1946
Pejabat Daerah Bentong, 1931-1933, 1935-1941 dan 1945-1946

Kedah
Setiausaha Kerajaan Kedah, T.H 1355 T.M 1936 Jilid I
Setiausaha Kerajaan Kedah, T.H 1357 T.M 1938 Jilid II
Setiausaha Kerajaan Kedah, T.H 1356 T.M 1937 (1957)
Pejabat Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri Kedah Tahun Jepun 2602-2603
High Court, Alor Setar, Kedah, 1349-1353
Pejabat Tanah Kuala Muda Negeri Kedah, T.H 1337 -1338 [T.M 1919-1920]

Perlis (Cawangan Negeri Kedah/Perlis)

Pejabat Tanah & Galian Negeri Perlis, 1338-1361, 1365-1366, 1370-2488 dan 2603
Pejabat Tanah Dan Galian Negeri Perlis (1)
Pejabat Tanah Dan Galian Negeri Perlis, 1945-1948
Pejabat Tanah Dan Galian Perlis, 1936

Kelantan
Pejabat Setiausaha Kerajaan Kelantan, 1178/1934
Pejabat Pendaftaran Pertubuhan Kelantan & Terengganu (Cawangan Kelantan)
Jabatan Penasihat Undang-undang Negeri Kelantan, 1948-1971 (Cawangan Kelantan)

Terengganu
Pejabat Sultan Istana Badariah, Kuala Terengganu 1354 (Cawangan Terengganu)

Johor (Cawangan Negeri Johor)

General Adviser Johore, 1911-1912 dan 1922-1940
Menteri Besar Johor, 1915-1928
Pejabat Setiausaha Kerajaan Johor, 1932
State Secretary Johore, 1935
Pejabat Tanah Johor, 1923-1943
Commissioner Land & Mines (CLM), Johore, 1912-1934
Land Office Segamat, 1921-1924
Land Office Pontian 1923-1927, 1952 dan 1969
Assistant Adviser Segamat 1922 dan 1925-1941
Pejabat Adviser Batu Pahat, 1914-1931
Land Office Johor Bahru, 1935 dan 1941
Pejabat Penolong Penasihat Kota Tinggi (AAKT), 1936-1941

256
Pulau Pinang
Makhamah Seksyen Butterworth (APP 1/93)
Makhamah Seksyen Butterworth (APP 8/93)
Jabatan Imigresen Pulau Pinang (APP 15/87)
[Semua fail di bawah kategori ini dilabel sulit dan tidak boleh dirujuk].

Melaka
Rural Board , Malacca
Mortgage Case, 1928 dan 1936-1938
Rubber Restriction, Jasin, Melaka, 1922-1928 dan 1934-1938

Fail War Damage Commission (mengikut negeri)

War Damage Commission Penang
War Damage Commission Pahang
War Damage Commission Johor
War Damage Commission Selangor
War Damage Commission Perak
War Damage Commission Terengganu

Prosiding

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Federated Malay States, Proceedings of the Federal Council of the Federated Malaya
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Proceedings of Advisory Council, 1947.

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Proceedings Of The Federal Legislative Council (First Session) – February 1948-

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H.M.S.O ., 1801-1907. [Arkib Nasional Singapura]

257
State of Perak, Report of the Proceedings of the second meeting of the third session of
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Laporan Rasmi (Diterbitkan)

[ANM]

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Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing Office.

Annual Report of Straits Settlements: 1855-1941, Singapore: Government Printing.

Annual Report of the Labour Department for the Year: 1937-1940, Kuala Lumpur:
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Annual Report of the Labour Department: 1947-1949 dan 1951-1956, Kuala Lumpur:
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Annual Report of the Mohamedan And Hindu Endowments Board, Penang, 1947.

Annual Report of the South Indian Labour Fund for the Year 1959, Kuala Lumpur:
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Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the Federated
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British Military Administration Malaya Fortnightly Report: No. 4, 31st October 1945,
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Federated Malay States Annual Report of the Labour Department Malaya,1931, Kuala
Lumpur: Government Printing Office.

Federated Malay States Annual Report: 1896-1933, Kuala Lumpur: Government

Printing Office.

Federated Malay States, Report of the Rice Cultivation Committee, 1931 dan 1951,
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Labour Department Monthly Report, 1955, Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing

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258
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The Federated Malay States Chamber of Commerce Year Book: 1917-1920 dan 1928,
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The Law of the FMS, 1877-1920, Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing Office.

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31.7.1930]

[Perpustakaan NUS]

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Lumpur: Government Printing Office.

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Singapore Registrar of Companies, Annual Report: 1948-1949, 1971-1973, 1975-1978

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Malaya Registrar of Companies, Annual Report: 1951.

[Arkib Tamil Naadu, Chennai]

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259
Negeri [ANM]

Annual Administration Report of Malacca, 1921-1928, State Government Printing

Office.
Annual Report of the State of Selangor for the year 1896, Kuala Lumpur: Government
Printing Office.

British Resident, Perak, Administration Report, 1931-1932.

Johore Annual Reports, 1920-1938.

Malacca Government Gazette: 1949-1959, State Government Printing Office.

Penang Gazette: 5 February to 30 December 1948 dan 1953, State Government

Printing Office.

Selangor Chamber of Commerce, 31st December, 1908-1910.

Settlement of Malacca, Annual Report, 1948-1949.

The Selangor Chamber of Commerce, Year Book For 1912-1916.

Koleksi Kes Mahkamah

Federated Malay States Law Reports: Vol. I-II, 1922, Vol. 3-4, 1923-1924, Vol. 9-10,
1933-1934 dan Vol. 11-12, 1935, Kuala Lumpur: Pencetak Kerajaan.

Malayan Law Journals: Vol. 1, 1932, Vol. 2, 1933, Vol. 3, 1934, 1937, 1939, Vol. 9,
1940, Vol. II, Part I, 1942, Vol. 12, 1946, Vol. 14, 1948, Vol. 15, 1949 dan Vol. 17,
1951.

Straits Settlements Law Reports: Vol. III, 1895-6, Vol. III, 1902-1903, Vol. VIII, 1904,
Vol. X, 1908, Vol. XI, 1910 dan Vol. XIII, 1915, Kuala Lumpur: Direction of the
Committee of the Singapore Bar With the Approval of the Judges of the Supreme
Court, 1970.

The Law Reports of the Malayan Union 1947, Kuala Lumpur: Pencetak Kerajaan, 1950.

The Law Reports of the State of Johore, 1915-1937 dan 1938-1940, Published by
Authority.

Circulars

Federated Malay States, Circulars, Resident-General’s Office, 1905.

Federated Malay States, Circulars, 1929.

F.M.S Circulars, Report by A Sub Committee appointed by the F.M.S Chamber of

Commerce to Eenquire Into the Advisability of Establishing Agricultural Banks and Co-
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260
Terbitan Rasmi

[Arkib Negara Malaysia]

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Malayan Ceylonese Association: Silver Jubilee 1962.

Pejabat Tanah Selangor, Gadaian, 8/9/1931-9/4/1932, Memorandum of charge,

Schedule XXIV (a) –under section 129 of “The Land Code, 1926”.

Saiva Periyaar Ninaivu Malar, (Keluaran Pertama), Kuala Lumpur: Malaya Arulneri
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[Perpustakaan NUS]

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Surat/Koleksi Persendirian

[Arkib Cawangan Kedah/Perlis]

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[ANM]
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[Perpustakaan Nasional Singapura]

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[Perpustakaan ISEAS, Singapura]

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261
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Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1973.

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Ever, Hans-Dieter and Jayarani Pavadarayan,‘Religious Fervour and Economic

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Ever, Hans-Dieter, Jayarani Pavadarayan dan Schrader, Heiko, ‘The Chettiar

Moneylenders in Singapore’, dalam Lombard, Denys and Austin, Jean (editor), Asian
Merchants and Businessman in the Indian Ocean and the China Sea, New Delhi:
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Evers, Hans Dieter, ‘Asceticism and Ecstasy: The Chettiars of Singapore’, No. 79,
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Firth, Raymond, Capital, Saving and Credit in Peasant Societies: Studies From Asia,
Oceania, London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1964.

Ginsberg, N.S. dan Chester, F.R., The Indians in Malaya, Seattle: University of
Washington Press, 1958.

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Malaya, Economic Series, No. 2, Kuala Lumpur: Department of Agriculture, Straits
Settlements and Federated Malay States, 1933.

Gullick, J.M., dan Middlebrook, Yap Ah Loy, 1837-1885, Kuala Lumpur: Art Printing
Works, 1983.

___________, J.M., A History of Selangor 1742-1957, Singapore: D. Moore for Eastern

Universities Press, 1960.

___________, A History of Kuala Lumpur 1856-1934, Singapore: The Malayan Branch

of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2000.

___________, Malaysia: Economic Expansion and National Unity, London: Ernest

Benn Ltd., 1981.

___________, Malaysia: Its Political and Economic Development, London: E. Benn,

1969.

___________, Rulers and Residents: Influence and Power in the Malay States, 1870-
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___________, The Entrepreneur in Late 19th Century Malay Peasant Society,

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264
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Change, Singapore : Oxford University Press, 1987.

Hall, D.G.E., A History of Southeast Asia, 3rd. Edition, London: Macmillan, 1968.

Hill, R.D., Rice in Malaya - A Study in Historical Geography, Singapore: NUS Press,
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Huff, W.G., The Economic Growth of Singapore, Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 1994.

Hugh, Tinker, A New System of Slavery: The Export of Indian Labour Overseas 1830-
1920, London: Oxford University Press, 1974.

__________, Separate and Unequal India & The Indians in the British Commonwealth,
1920-1950, London: C. Hurst & Company, 1976.

Hughes, David R., The Peoples of Malaya, Singapore: D. Moore for Eastern
Universities Press, 1965.

Ibrahim Ahmad Bin Mohammad, Towards a History of Law in Malaysia and

Singapore, London : Standford College Press, 1942.

Jackson, James C., Planters and Speculators in Malaya: Chinese and Europeans
Enterprise in Malaya, 1786-1921, Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya, 1968.

Jackson, R.N., Immigrant Labour and the Development of Malaya, 1786-1920 ( A

Historical Monograph), Kuala Lumpur: Government Press, 1961.

Jawahar Palaniapa S.A.B., Kaanadukhatan Karaimel Azhagar, Madras: Kumutam

Publication, 2009.

Jayati Bhattacharya, Beyond the Myth: Indian Business Communities in Singapore,

Singapore: ISEAS, 2011.

Jomo K.S dan Wong Sau Ngan (editor), Law, Institutions and Malayan Economic
Development, Singapore: NUS Press, 2008.

Kamus Dewan, Edisi Keempat, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2010.

Kanakalatha Mukund, The Trading World of the Tamil Merchant–Evolution of

Merchant Capitalism in the Coromandel, Madras: Orient Longman Limited, 1999.

Karuppan Chettiar S.PR.KR., Vanigar Thinarasi, Thavanai Vattipperukkam, Kuala

Lumpur, 1928.

Kesavapany K (editor)., Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia, Singapore:
Institute of South East Asia Studies, 2008.

Khoo Kay Kim, ‘The Great Depression: The Malaysian Context’, dalam Khoo Kay
Kim, The History of Southeast, South & East Asia, Essays & Documents, Kuala
Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1977.

265
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Indebtedness in Malaya, Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1971. (Risalah)

Krishnan R.B., Indian Community in Malaya: A Long History, Singapore, 1936.

Lim Chong Yah, Economic Development of Modern Malaya, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford
University Press, Kuala Lumpur, 1967.

Lim David, Economic Growth and Development in West Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur:
Oxford University Press, 1973.

Lim Teck Ghee, Origins of A Colonial Economy: Land and Agriculture in Perak, 1874-
1897, Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1976.

____________, Peasants and Their Agricultural Economy in Colonial Malaya 1874-

1941, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1977.

Mackenzie, Compton, Realms of Silver-One Hundred Years of Banking in the East,

London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1954.

Mahani Musa, Sejarah dan Sosioekonomi Wanita Melayu Kedah, 1881-1940, Bangi:
Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2005.

Mat Zin Mat Kib, Worran Hj.Kabul dan S. Salahudin Suyurno (editor), Hubungan Etnik
di Malaysia - Sejarah, Iltizam dan Cabaran Baru, Shah Alam: Pusat Penerbit
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Mills, L.A., British Malaya 1824-67, Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1966.

Mokhzani Abdul Rahim, Credit in A Malay Peasant Economy, Kuala Lumpur: Arus
Intelek, 2006.

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___________, Dr Rajah Sir Muthiah Chettiar A Biography, Madras: Annamalai

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Mohd Taib Osman dan Wan Kadir Yusuff (editor), Kajian Budaya dan Masyarakat di
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Pires, Thome, The Suma Oriental of Tom Pires: An Account of the East, from the Red
Sea to Japan (written in Malacca and India in 1512-1515) and the book of Francisco
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Purcell, Victor, The Chinese in Malaya, London: Oxford University Press, 1967.

Puthucheary J.J., Ownership and Control in the Malayan Economy: A Study of the
Structure of Ownership and Control and Its Effects on the Development of Secondary
Industries and Economic Growth in Malaya and Singapore, Singapore: Eastern
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Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications, 1984.

Rajeswary Ampalavanar, ‘Chettiars Credit Networks’, dalam Brown, Rajeswary

Ampalavanar, Capital & Entrepreneurship in Southeast Asia, New York: St. Martin’s
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____________________, The Indian Minority and Political Change in Malaya, 1947-

57, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1981.

Rajoo P., ‘World-View of the Indians With Regard to their Social Identity and
Belonging in Malaya, 1900-57’, dalam Malaysian World-View, Singapore: Southeast
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AKHBAR/ MAJALAH

Akhbar
[ANM]

Desa Nesan Jan.-Dis, 1948

Jananayakam Jan.-Julai 1946 dan Jan.-Dis. 1947-1950
Tamil Nesan September-Dis. 1924, 7 Jan.-4 Feb .1925, Okt. 1928, Jan.-
Dis. 1937, Jan.-Dis. 1938, Jan.-Dis. 1939 dan Jan.-Mac
1940
Malaya Nanban Jun-Dis. 1948-1951
Tamil Nesan Jan.-Feb. 1925, Okt. 1928, Jan.-Dis. 1938-1940 dan Jan.-
Dis.1946-1949
Tamil Murasu Jun 1948, Jan.-Dis. 1949, April-Dis. 1950-1951 dan Jan.-
Dis. 1952-1957
Indian Daily Mail April-Sept. 1947, April-Jun 1948, Jan.-Dis. 1949 dan
Jan.-Dis.1956
The Indian Jan.-Dis. 1937 dan 1946
Indian Pioneer April-November 1929 dan Okt. 1941
Democrat 19 Mac-26 Mei 1916
Suara Benar 23 Dis. 1932 dan 3 Jan. 1933
Free Press 1947; 1948 dan 1957
Warta Malaya 1938
Suara Melaka 1983-1984, 1987 dan 1989-1992
Malacca Guardian 1922 dan 1926
Perak Pioneer Julai-Dis. 1894, Jan.-Dis. 1895, Jan.-Dis. 1900, 1904 dan
1910
Times of Malaya
Planters & Miner Gazette 25 Julai 1919 dan September 1930
Penang Gazette Julai-Dis. 1892, Mac-Jun 1893, Julai-Dis. 1894, Jan.-Feb.
1896, April-Dis. 1951, Jan.-Mac 1952 dan Nov.-Dis.
1956
The Perak Pioneer And
Malay States Advertiser Januari 1910 ( No.4. Vol. XV, 5th January, 1910), hlm. 5.
The Singapore Free Press Jan.-Dis. 1948 dan April 1952
Federal Press 1955

Warta Negara
(Penang Malay Daily)
Malaya Nanban
(Singapore Tamil Daily)
Sin Chew Jit Poh Koleksi keratan akhbar dari 1950-1953
(Singapore Chinese Daily)
Melayu Raya
(Singapore Malay Daily)

278
[News Straits Times Resource Centre, Jalan Riong, Bangsar]

The Malay Mail/

Malay Mail/ Sunday Mail
Straits Times/
News Straits Times Koleksi keratan akhbar dari 1934-1993
The Star
Free Press
Business Times

Majalah
[Perpustakaan Rojah Muthiah, Chennai]

Thanavanigan 1923 dan 1929

Thanavaisya Ooliyan September 1920-1921
Malar Oktober-November 1920, Januari-Mei
1921 dan April 1935

SUMBER INTERNET

Majlis
Saudara 1930-1935
Majalah Guru
(http://mcp.anu.edu.au/)

Straits Times /The Straits Times 1920-1957

(http:newspaper.nl.sg)

The Hindu 2009-2011

(http:www.thehindu.com/)

KERTAS SEMINAR/PERSIDANGAN

Abdullah bin Sepien, ‘Trends in Malay Rubber Smallholding’, Second National

Conference, University of New South Wales, 15-19 May 1978.

Afifuddin Haji Omar, ‘Penanaman Padi di Kedah Darulaman: Sejarah Peranan Dalam
Ekonomi Negeri Kedah Darulaman’, Dokumentasi Konvensyen Muzium Negeri Kedah
Darulaman, Alor Setar, 1991.

Arasaratnam Sinnappah, ‘Aspects of the Role and Activities of South Indian Merchants
c 1650-1750’, Proceedings of the First International Conference Seminar of Tamil
Studies, Vol. 1, April 1966, Kuala Lumpur.

___________________, ‘Social and Political Ferment in the Malayan Indian

Community 1945-1955’, Proceedings of the First International Conference Seminar of
Tamil Studies, Vol. I, April 1966, Kuala Lumpur.

___________________, ‘Some Notes on the Dutch in Malacca and the Indo-Malayan

Trade, 1641 1670’, International Conference on Asian History, Paper No. 3, 5-10
August 1968, New Delhi.

279
___________________, ‘The Coromandel-Southeast Asia Trade, 1650-1740:
Challenges and Responses of a Commercial System’, 9th Conference of the
International Association of Historians of Asia, 21-25 November 1983, Manila,
Filipina.

___________________, ‘The Chulia Muslim Merchants In Souteast Asia 1650-1800’,

10th International Association of Historians of Asia Conference, Vol. 2, No. 19, 1986,
Singapura.

Chin Yoon Fong, ‘Loke Yew-Entrepreneur Extraordinaire’, Seminar Biografi Malaysia,

26-28 April 1986, Arkib Negara Malaysia.

Krishnan Maniam, ‘Sejarah Perkembangan Akhbar dan Majalah India Sebelum dan
Selepas Merdeka dan Sumbangan Serta Peranannya Dalam Masyarakat India’, Seminar
Kebangsaan Akbhar Dan Majalah Di Malaysia, 25-26 Januari 1988, UKM, Bangi.

Nadarajah M., ‘The Nattukkottai Chettiar Community And South East Asia’,
Procedings of the First International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies, Vol. 1,
1966, International Association of Tamil Research, Kuala Lumpur.

Somalay, ‘Chettiars and Hinduism in South-East Asia’, Seminar Paper, 1 December

1971.

Stephen, S. Jeyaseela, ‘Trade Economy of Malacca in the Sixteenth Century As

Gleaned From Portuguese Archival Records’, 1st International Malaysian Studies
Conference, 11-13 August 1997, Kuala Lumpur.

Tregonning, K.G., ‘Ocean Trade As A Vital Factor in the Economic & Political Well
Being of the States of Southeast Asia’, International Cenference on Asian History,
Papers No. 32-59, 5th-10th August 1968, Department of History, University of Malaya,
Kuala Lumpur.

Ukra Pandiyan R., ‘Burma’vil Tamizhar Samuthayam’, Proceedings of the Second

International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies, Jan. 1968, University of Madras,
Tamil Naadu.

Verhoeven, F.R.J., ‘Some Notes on the History of the Tamil Community in Dutch
Malacca (1641-1825)’, Proceedings of the First International Conference Seminar of
Tamil Studies, Vol. I, April 1966, Kuala Lumpur.

Wong Lin Ken, ‘20th Century Malayan Economic History’, Second National
Conference,Asian Studies Association of Australia, May 1978, University of New South
Wales , Sydney.

TESIS/DISERTASI/LATIHAN ILMIAH

Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Rus, ‘Perkembangan Majlis Mesyuarat Persekutuan, 1909-
1927’, Tesis Ph.D., Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2006.

Anbalakan Kailasam, ‘Kaum India Tanah Melayu dan Soal Kewarganegaraan, 1946-
1958’, Latihan Ilmiah, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 1988.

280
Brown, Helen Margaret, ‘The South Indian Muslim Community and the Evolution of
the Jawi Peranakan in Penang Up To 1948’, Disertasi M.A., Universiti Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur, 1977.

Cooper, Chester, L., ‘Moneylending and the Economic Development of Lower Burma –
An Exploratory Historical Study of the Role of the Indian Chettyars’, Tesis Ph.D., The
American University, Washington, D.C., 1959.

Jayarani Pavadarayan, ‘The Chettiars of Singapore: A Study of An Indian Minority

Community in Southeast Asia’, Tesis Ph.D., Universiti Bielefeld, Jerman, 1986.

Kuna Tevi Nagalingam, ‘Malayan Chettiars and Their Activities 1930-40’, Latihan
Ilmiah, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 1974.

Letchumanan S., ‘Some Aspects of the Indian Business Community in Malaya’,

Disertasi M.A., Fakulti Ekonomi Dan Pentadbiran, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,
1972.

Latiffa Khan, ‘Indians in Malaya, 1900- 1945’, Disertasi M.A., University Hong Kong,
Hong Kong, 1963.

Malliga Arumugam, ‘Keadaan Sosial dan Ekonomi Masyarakat India dari Kacamata
Akbhar Tamil Nesan dari Tahun 1924 Hingga 1941’, Latihan Ilmiah, Jabatan Sejarah,
Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2001/2002.

Pairaudeau, Natasha, ‘Indians as French Citizens in Colonial Indo China, 1858-1940’,

Tesis Ph.D., School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London,
Jun 2009.

Sivachandralingam Sundara Raja, ‘British Economic Involvement in the Agriculture

and Mining Sectors in the Federated Malay States, 1896-1909’, Tesis Ph. D., Universiti
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2003.

Tay Gaik Yeong, ‘British Economic Policy Towards the Malays in the FMS, 1921-
1934’, Disertasi M.A., Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 1969.

Yeo Kim Wah, ‘British Policy Towards the Malays in the F.M.S 1920-40’, Australian
National University, Canberra, 1971.

WAWANCARA

1. Wawancara dengan Tan Sri Somasundram Chettiar pada 10 Februari 2006 di rumah
kediaman beliau yang terletak di Damansara Heights. Beliau adalah menantu
Ramanathan Chettiar, Presiden MIC ketiga dan bekas Pengarah Jabatan Hasil
Dalam Negeri.

2. Wawancara dengan Thirunavukkarasu @ M.T Arasu pada 28 Januari 2010 di

pejabat Persatuan Nattukottai Chettiar di Penang Street, George Town. Beliau
menetap di Sitiawan, Perak dan merupakan peminjam wang, penulis genre
keagamaan dan aktivis agama.

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3. Wawancara dengan Datuk N. Ramanathan Chettiar pada 28 Januari 2010 dan 4 Mac
2011 di pejabat Persatuan Nattukottai Chettiar Pulau Pinang, Jalan Chulia, Pulau
Pinang. Ayah dan datuknya merupakan peminjam wang terkenal di Kota Bharu,
Kelantan sejak era sebelum pendudukan Jepun. Datuk Ramanathan adalah ahli
perniagaan dan tokoh komuniti Chettiar di Pulau Pinang.
4. Wawancara dengan Vishalakshi Ramaswamy pada 5 Mac 2011 di rumah kediaman
Datuk Ramanathan di Jalan Macalister, George Town. Visalakshi berasal dari
Chettinaadu dan merupakan penulis buku “ Chettiars Heritage” dan aktivis sosial.

5. Wawancara dengan Dr. Narayanasamy Chettiar pada 30 Januari 2011 di pejabat

Persatuan Nattukottai Chettiar di Penang Street, George Town. Ayah beliau adalah
peminjam wang di Pulau Pinang.

6. Wawancara dengan M.P.L Muthiah Chettiar pada 3 Februari 2010 di rumah

kediaman beliau, Jalan Bunga Raya, Klang, Selangor. Beliau memiliki firma
peminjaman wang di Jalan Tengku Kelana, Klang sejak dekad 1950-an.

7. Wawancara dengan Subbiah Chettiar pada 10 Februari 2010 di rumah kediaman

beliau di Bangsar, Kuala Lumpu. Beliau adalah ahli korporat dan Setiausaha
Persatuan Thanavaisyar Malaysia dan Kuil Thandayutaphani di Jalan Ipoh, Kuala
Lumpur.

8. Wawancara dengan Tan Sri G.Pasamanickam pada 12 dan 19 September 2010 di

pejabat beliau di Jalan Omri, Muar, Johor. Beliau bertugas sebagai juruakaun untuk
beberapa firma peminjaman wang Chettiar yang beropersi di Muar dan Melaka
sejak dekad 1930-an. Beliau sendiri mula melibatkan diri dalam aktiviti peminjaman
wang sejak dekad 1950-an sehingga sekarang.

9. Wawancara dengan Perichiappan Chettiar pada 14 Januari 2011 dan 21 Mac 2011 di
kuil Mariamman Tengku Kelana, Klang, Selangor. Beliau adalah bekas ahli MIC.
Ayah beliau adalah peminjam wang dan ahli jawatankausa kuil Mariamman Tengku
Kelana, Klang pada dekad 1950 dan 60-an.

10. Wawancara dengan Kulaveerasingam Ayyanpillai pada 12 Oktober 2012 di

kediaman beliau di Jalan Ipoh, Kuala Lumpur. Beliau adalah bekas Juruteknik di
Institut Penyelidikan Perubatan, Kuala Lumpur dari 1945 sehingga 1990.

11. Wawancara dengan Veloo Saminathan pada 28 September 2012 di rumah kediaman
beliau di Jalan Tempura 1, Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur. Beliau adalah bekas Pegawai
Pentadbir Diplomatik dan bersara daripada Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan
Tempatan pada 1988.

12. Wawancara dengan Subramanian Chettiar pada 5 Oktober 2010 di kittanggi milik
beliau di Jalan Tank, Singapura. Beliau adalah bekas peminjam wang era 1960-an di
Singapura.

13. Wawancara dengan Letchumanan Chettiar pada 5 Oktober 2010 di rumah kediaman
beliau di Holland Drive, Singapura. Lethumanan adalah anak kepada Subramaniam
Chettiar dan aktivis sosial yang gemar mengumpul bahan-bahan tentang komuniti
Chettiar.

282
KAJIAN LAPANGAN

Kitanggi (Premis Perniagaan Chettiar)

1. Jalan Maharani, Muar, Johor pada 28 November 2011.

2. Penang Street, George Town, Pulau Pinang pada 30 Januari 2011.
3. Jalan Tengku Kelana, Klang, Selangor pada 3 November 2010.
4. Jalan Tank Road, Singapura pada 5 Oktober 2010.

Kuil Binaan Chettiar

1. Kuil Sri Thendayuthapani di Jalan Ipoh, Kuala Lumpur pada 3 April 2012.
2. Kuil Nattukottai Chettiar di Jalan Tank Road, Singapura pada 6 Oktober 2010.
3. Kuil Thandayutaphani @ Nattukottai Chettiar di Penang Hill Street, George Town
pada 29 Januari 2011.
4. Kuil Mariamman di Jalan Tengku Kelana, Klang, Selangor pada 3 November 2011.

Muzium

Pameran Galeri Tetap bertemakan ‘Kehidupan di Kitanggi’ di Singapore Art Museum,

Queen Street, Singapura pada 5 Oktober 2010.

283