Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Grupos Vulnerables Indigentes
Grupos Vulnerables Indigentes
1. True or false: The results from an industry analysis can be used indefinitely. FALSE
2. True or false: A supplier basing its competitive advantage on a unique standard for its
product makes it easier for customers to switch to another supplier. FALSE
3. True or false: Part of the competitive advantage of a firm that has a large market share in
its industry may be attributable to this firm’s power over suppliers. TRUE
4. True or false: In a business model, the fit between the business model and choice of
activities should be mutually reinforcing. TRUE
5. True or false: Industry-level differences account for greater variation in profitability than
intra-industry differences do. FALSE
6. True or false: In a business model, the fit between the business model and choice of
activities should enable optimization of effort. TRUE
7. True or false: A firm has a competitive advantage over its rivals if it has driven a large
wedge between the amount its customers are willing to pay and the costs it incurs.
TRUE
8. True or false: The vision of an organization describes its very purpose or reason for
existence; the mission describes what the organization hopes to be in the future. FALSE
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9. True or false: Integrated business choices that recognize trade-offs in a shifting business
landscape often lead to positive economic outcomes. TRUE
10. True or false: The total value of a transaction = customer’s willingness to pay – the
supplier’s opportunity cost. TRUE
11. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg described his company’s values as “Done is better than
perfect,” which is an example of:
__ a. quality service.
__ b. learning by doing.
__ c. mission.
__ d. motivation.
12. True or false: According to the Prussian military theorist Carl von Clausewitz, strategy
refers to the overarching plan, while tactics are merely a means to an end. TRUE
13. True or false: Added value is the maximal value created by all participants in a transaction
minus the value of the top participant. FALSE
14. True or false: Using a phrase such as “being the best” in mission or vision statements
delivers a clear message that differentiates a company from its competition. FALSE
15. True or false: Cutting costs and boosting productivity are strategies for achieving
competitive advantage. FALSE
16. True or false: Unrestricted bargaining refers to the amount of value a firm can claim that
exceeds its added value. FALSE
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17. The mission and a mission statement should be
__ a. strategic.
__ b. motivating.
__ c. based on shared values.
__ d. All of the answers are correct.
19. True or false: Execution should be standardized by implementing best practices that are
available through consulting companies and taught in business schools. FALSE
20. True or false: The following mission statement is effective: “Our mission is to treat our
employees well, serve our communities, and generate a solid return for our stakeholders.”
FALSE
21. Ambidexterity:
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__ a. refers to managers’ ability to manage existing core businesses and to pursue
new opportunities simultaneously.
__ b. means that constant improvements naturally leads a business to long-term
performance maximization.
__ c. means that existing core businesses are the focus of senior leaders.
__ d. does not play any role in industries that operate in a largely stable environment.
__ e. refers to enforce existing structures, power constellations, and identities.
22. True or false: The existing network of shops and the number of registered customers
makes it difficult to capture market share against Taobao, a large e-commerce online
platform run in China by Alibaba. TRUE
23. Lou Gerstner, when appointed CEO of IBM in 1993, said, “The last thing IBM needs right
now is a vision.” Instead, he wanted the company to concentrate on
__ a. strategies
__ b. mission
__ c. values
__ d. aspirations
__ a. startups.
__ b. established companies.
__ c. nonprofit organizations.
__ d. All of the answers are correct.
25. Which of the following players would NOT be relevant for a Fives Forces analysis for a car-
sharing service?
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__ a. Larger car-rental services
__ b. Commuter groups sharing a car to go to work
__ c. Car-leasing companies
__ d. Uber
__ e. Satellite navigation service providers
26. Which one of the following activities is not involved in strategy execution?
__ a. Orchestrating assets
__ b. Reallocating resources
__ c. Redesigning structures
__ d. Taking risks
__ e. Formulating strategy
28. Simply Music Recording Studio has seen great success in its 20 years of operation—until
recently. While utilizing top recording equipment and the latest technology to record
vocal artists and musicians, Simply Music Recording Studio has noticed a decrease in the
number of entertainers who use its the facilities to record. What is the most likely reason
that Simply Music Recording Studio has seen the decrease in the number of customers?
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__ a. Simply Music Recording Studio has failed to recognize the readily available
and inexpensive technological capabilities that artists can use at home to
produce a recording of similar quality.
__ b. Simply Music Recording Studio has failed to stay current with industry trends in
hardware and software music production.
__ c. Simply Music Recording Studio has failed to expand its focus from only music
recording to film and gaming production.
__ d. Simply Music Recording Studio has failed to acknowledge structural inertia with
regard to the music recording industry and has not adapted accordingly.
30. Porter’s Five Forces Framework is used for industry analysis in all of the following ways
EXCEPT to:
31. A company that experienced problems with its wholesalers decided to replace them by
building warehousing facilities from which to distribute its products and to hire its own
sales force. This strategy is called:
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__ a. imitation.
__ b. horizontal integration.
__ c. substitution.
__ d. vertical integration.
33. True or false: Companies can use incentives effectively to reinforce values. TRUE
__ a. Performance gaps
__ b. Opportunity gaps
__ c. Leadership gaps
__ d. Both performance and opportunity gaps
35. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a distinct force in Porter’s Five Forces
Framework?
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__ a. Direct competitors
__ b. Customers
__ c. Market entrants
__ d. Product complements
__ e. Government
36. The ABC Company sells plastic model cars in retail stores primarily to hobbyists. It has
decided to modify the cars’ exterior packaging, giving the car a more sophisticated look
that will appeal to more discerning buyers. The ABC company has changed its:
__ a. business model.
__ b. target market.
__ c. supply chain.
__ d. distribution method.
38. All of the following factors can undermine successful strategy execution EXCEPT:
__ a. hubris.
__ b. complacency.
__ c. framing the future.
__ d. culture.
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__ a. The cost per unit typically decreases as production increases.
__ b. Network effects are a problem only for startups.
__ c. Users of Microsoft Windows face switching costs when they begin using Apple
computers.
__ d. None of the answers are correct.
40. The ABC Company owns and operates mines that produce raw material used for air
filtration in enclosed environments. Its only customers are two large companies that
produce air-filtration systems. According to Porter’s Five Forces Framework, which of the
following is the greatest competitive threat to its continued profitability?
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__ a. Mature products
__ b. Control
__ c. Creativity
__ d. None of the answers is correct
43. Which of the following statements correctly compares/contrasts economies of scale and
economies of scope?
__ a. Economies of scale result from the decline in the average cost of production as
volume increases, whereas economies of scope result from the decline in the
average cost of production due to the outsourcing of resources across products and
services.
__ b. Economies of scope result from the decline in the average cost of production per
unit as volume increases-whereas economies of scale result from the decline in the
average cost of production due to the sharing of resources across products and
services.
__ c. Economies of scope result from the decline in the aggregate cost of production as
volume increases, whereas economies of scale result from the decline in the
aggregate cost of production due to the outsourcing of resources across products
and services.
__ d. Economies of scale result from the decline in the average cost of production
per unit as volume increases-whereas economies of scope result from the
decline in the average cost of production due to the sharing of resources
across products and services.
44. A firm decides to provide support services for its products, for which its customers will
pay extra. These services are not offered by its competitors, and the firm does not incur
commensurate supplier opportunity costs when it offers the services. This firm has
achieved which of the following?
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__ a. Competitive advantage
__ b. Added value
__ c. Unrestricted bargaining
__ d. Competitive advantage and added value
45. True or false: Organizational visions are deliberately abstract so that they can never be
achieved. FALSE
__ a. New applications
__ b. Efficiency
__ c. Experimentation
__ d. None of the answers is correct.
__ a. raising willingness to pay a great deal with only slight increases in costs.
__ b. developing large cost savings with only slight decreases in customer willingness to
pay.
__ c. producing superior products at lower costs.
__ d. None of the answers is correct.
__ e. All of the answers are correct.
48. True or false: Aspirations and strategies are the same. FALSE
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__ a. A relatively stable environment
__ b. Imitation of competitors
__ c. The ability to reconfigure organizational resources
__ d. A focus on customer service
50. True or false: One way for a buyer to increase its bargaining power is to purchase large
volumes of a single product.
3. Verdadero o falso: parte de la ventaja competitiva de una empresa que tiene una
gran participación de mercado en su industria puede atribuirse al poder de esta
empresa sobre los proveedores. CIERTO
7. Verdadero o falso: una empresa tiene una ventaja competitiva sobre sus rivales si
ha impulsado una gran diferencia entre la cantidad que sus clientes están
dispuestos a pagar y los costos en que incurre. CIERTO
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9. Verdadero o falso: las opciones empresariales integradas que reconocen las
compensaciones en un entorno empresarial cambiante a menudo conducen a
resultados económicos positivos. CIERTO
10. Verdadero o falso: el valor total de una transacción = la disposición del cliente a
pagar: el costo de oportunidad del proveedor. CIERTO
12. Verdadero o falso: según el teórico militar prusiano Carl von Clausewitz, la
estrategia se refiere al plan general, mientras que las tácticas son simplemente un
medio para lograr un fin. CIERTO
13. Verdadero o falso: el valor agregado es el valor máximo creado por todos los
participantes en una transacción menos el valor del participante principal. FALSO
14. Verdadero o falso: el uso de una frase como "ser el mejor" en declaraciones de
misión o visión ofrece un mensaje claro que diferencia a una empresa de su
competencia. FALSO
18. Una aspiración es estratégica cuando __ un. comunica información sobre cómo
competirá la organización. __ b. Las aspiraciones son coherentes. __ c. la
aspiración refleja el conjunto más pequeño de elecciones y decisiones que guían
todas las demás elecciones y decisiones. __ d. Todas las respuestas son
correctas.
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oportunidades simultáneamente. __ b. significa que las mejoras constantes
naturalmente llevan a una empresa a la maximización del rendimiento a largo
plazo. __ c. significa que los negocios centrales existentes son el foco de los
líderes senior. __ d. no desempeña ningún papel en las industrias que operan en
un entorno en gran parte estable. __ e. se refiere a imponer estructuras
existentes, constelaciones de poder e identidades.
23. Lou Gerstner, cuando fue nombrado CEO de IBM en 1993, dijo: "Lo último que
necesita IBM en este momento es una visión". En cambio, quería que la compañía
se concentrara en __ a. estrategias __ b. misión __ c. valores __ d. aspiraciones
25. ¿Cuál de los siguientes jugadores NO sería relevante para un análisis de Fives
Forces para un servicio de uso compartido de automóviles? __ un. Servicios de
alquiler de coches más grandes. __ b. Grupos de pasajeros compartiendo un
carro para ir a trabajar. __ c. Empresas de alquiler de coches. __ d. Uber __ e.
Proveedores de servicios de navegación por satélite.
27. El Marco de las Cinco Fuerzas de Porter sugiere cuál de los siguientes? __ un.
Las empresas pueden obtener una ventaja competitiva aprovechando sus
fortalezas independientemente de los factores ambientales. __ b. Los cambios
en las tecnologías de los proveedores pueden alterar el entorno competitivo
dentro de la industria focal. __ c. Las habilidades empresariales de los gerentes
son un requisito central para competir con éxito en una industria. __ d. Los
productos complementarios tienen más probabilidades de aumentar en
importancia como sustitutos de las tecnologías existentes. __ e. Los costos de
cambio son más bajos para los proveedores que para los compradores.
28. Simply Music Recording Studio ha tenido un gran éxito en sus 20 años de
funcionamiento, hasta hace poco. Al utilizar los mejores equipos de grabación y la
última tecnología para grabar artistas y músicos vocales, Simply Music Recording
Studio ha notado una disminución en el número de artistas que utilizan sus
instalaciones para grabar. ¿Cuál es la razón más probable por la que Simply
Music Recording Studio ha visto disminuir el número de clientes? __a. Simply
Music Recording Studio no ha reconocido las capacidades tecnológicas
fácilmente disponibles y económicas que los artistas pueden usar en el
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hogar para producir una grabación de calidad similar. __ b. Simply Music
Recording Studio no logró mantenerse al día con las tendencias de la industria en
la producción de hardware y software de música. __ c. Simply Music Recording
Studio no ha logrado ampliar su enfoque de solo la grabación de música a la
producción de películas y juegos. __ d. Simply Music Recording Studio no ha
reconocido la inercia estructural con respecto a la industria de la grabación de
música y no se ha adaptado en consecuencia.
30. El Marco de las cinco fuerzas de Porter se usa para el análisis de la industria de
todas las formas siguientes EXCEPTO para: __ un. Identificar oportunidades para
aumentar las ganancias. __ b. Decidir si entrar o salir del mercado. __ c.
identificar los activos intangibles que son cruciales para competir con éxito
en una industria determinada. __ d. identificar qué nicho de mercado penetrar.
__ e. Complementar un análisis de fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades,
amenazas (FODA).
31. Una empresa que tuvo problemas con sus mayoristas decidió reemplazarlos
construyendo instalaciones de almacenamiento desde las cuales distribuir sus
productos y contratar su propia fuerza de ventas. Esta estrategia se llama: __ un.
imitación. __ b. integracion horizontal. __ c. sustitución. __ d. integración
vertical.
32. El concepto de ventaja competitiva se centra en __ un. Lo que los clientes están
dispuestos a pagar. __ b. los costos en que incurre una empresa para entregar un
producto y / o servicio. __ c. aumentar la cuña entre lo que los clientes están
dispuestos a pagar y el costo en que incurre la empresa. __ d. reducir la cuña
entre lo que los clientes están dispuestos a pagar y el costo en que incurre la
empresa. __ e. Creando una industria atractiva.
33. Verdadero o falso: las empresas pueden usar incentivos de manera efectiva para
reforzar los valores. CIERTO
35. ¿Cuál de los siguientes NO se considera una fuerza distinta en el Marco de las
Cinco Fuerzas de Porter? __ un. Competidores directos __ b. Clientes __ c.
Entrantes en el mercado __ d. Complementos de productos __ e. Gobierno
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más exigentes. La compañía ABC ha cambiado su: __ un. modelo de negocio __
b. mercado objetivo. __ c. cadena de suministro. __ d. método de distribución.
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44. Una empresa decide proporcionar servicios de soporte para sus productos, por lo
que sus clientes pagarán extra. Estos servicios no son ofrecidos por sus
competidores, y la empresa no incurre en costos de oportunidad proporcionados
por el proveedor cuando ofrece los servicios. Esta firma ha logrado cuál de las
siguientes? __ un. Ventaja competitiva __ b. Valor añadido __ c. Negociación sin
restricciones __ d. Ventaja competitiva y valor añadido.
45. Verdadero o falso: las visiones organizacionales son deliberadamente abstractas
para que nunca puedan alcanzarse. FALSO
46. La exploración no implica cuál de los siguientes? __ un. Nuevas aplicaciones __
b. Eficiencia __ c. Experimentación __ d. Ninguna de las respuestas es correcta.
47. Una empresa puede desarrollar una ventaja competitiva por __ un. aumentar la
disposición a pagar mucho con solo un ligero aumento en los costos. __ b.
desarrollando grandes ahorros de costos con solo ligeras disminuciones en la
disposición del cliente a pagar. __ c. Produciendo productos superiores a costos
más bajos. __ d. Ninguna de las respuestas es correcta. __ e. Todas las
respuestas son correctas.
48. Verdadero o falso: las aspiraciones y las estrategias son las mismas. FALSO
49. ¿Qué suposición subyace a la existencia de capacidades dinámicas? __ un. Un
entorno relativamente estable. __ b. Imitación de competidores. __ c. La
capacidad de reconfigurar los recursos organizacionales. __ d. Un enfoque
en el servicio al cliente
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