Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 Linear Momentum PDF
1 Linear Momentum PDF
p mv
Vector quantity, the direction of the momentum is the same
as the velocity’s
Inertia in motion
Applies to two-dimensional motion as well
p x m v x and p y m v y
Physical Properties
Symbol: p
Type: Derived, Vector
Dimension: [M*L/T]
SI unit: kg m/s
p=mv
LINEAR MOMENTUM
Can be thought of as the effort you need to stop an
object from moving.
Thus the net force acting on a particle equals the time rate
change of the particle's linear momentum
MOMENTUM and NEWTON’S 2nd LAW OF
MOTION
p m (v f v i )
F net m a or : p F net t
t t
M
F
Change in Momentum
Means
CHANGE IN VELOCITY!
Impulse
Change in velocity
Means
Net Force acting on the object is NOT ZERO
Impulse is related
with a FORCE
causing the object to
CHANGE its MOMENTUM
Impulse
Physical Properties:
Symbol: I
Type: Derived, Vector Quantity
Formula:
I = F Δt = F (tf – ti)
Dimension [F*T]; SI Units: N*s (Newton*second)
1 N*s = 1 kg m/s2 *s= 1 kg m/s
J I p F net t
Impulse
Impulse then can be expressed as: I or J
I= = ΣF Δt
or simply
I = Ft = Δp
Ft = m(vf – vi)
Restating Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
A non – zero net force applied on the object the changes
the object’s momentum.
acceleration
Question:
A.) Does a moving object have impulse?
B.) Does a moving object have momentum?
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM RELATIONS
I net = F Δt
I net = Δp = pf – pi
Fav = I / Δt
Impulse of a Force
Net force
time
Case 2: Decreasing momentum
You can change the momentum of an object in two ways
A.) Faster
B.) Slower
A.) Increasing the coOOOOOntact Time
p 2.50 kg m s
impulse=? p F t , thus F
Faverage=? t 0.5 10 3 s
5.00 103 N
Conservation of Momentum
Note: according to Newton’s 3rd law, that is also a
reaction force to club hitting the ball:
F t F R t , or
mv f mv i M V f M V i , or
of club
mv f M V f m v i M V i CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
Linear Momentum
P = Σ mivi = Σ pi
Pinitial = Pfinal
More applicable than the law of conservation of mechanical energy.
Mathematically:
m1 v 1 i m 2 v 2 i m1 v 1 f m 2 v 2 f
An extreme case is the perfectly inelastic collision, in which all of the kinetic energy
relative to the centre of mass is converted to thermal or internal energy of the system,
and the two objects STICK TOGETHER!!!
1 1
KEbefore m1v12i m2 v22i
2 2
1
(1000 kg)(50 m s ) 2 1.25 10 6 J
2
1
KEafter ( m1 m2 )v 2f
2
1
( 2500 kg)( 20 m s ) 2 0.50 10 6 J
2
K E lo st 0 . 75 10 6 J
lost in heat/”gluing”/sound/…
Elastic Collisions
Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
Typically have two unknowns
m1v1i m2 v2 i m1v1 f m2 v2 f
1 1 1 1
m1v1i m2 v2 i m1v1 f m2 v22 f
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
Solve the equations simultaneously
Example 1
A 3 kg rifle which is initially at rest contains a
bullet with a mass of 0.03 kg. The bullet is
fired from the rifle at a speed of 300 m/s to the
right. What is the recoil speed of the rifle?
Quiz:
1. A 2.0 N-force from a certain load stops a 2.0 kg-object
initially moving at 10.0 m/s.
Stationary
Stationary