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Solution Manual
12.7 In a - system, a phase voltage of 100 V produces 12.9 In a balanced three-phase circuit, the total
a line voltage of: instantaneous power is equal to the average power.
(a) 58 V (b) 71 V (c) 100 V (a) True (b) False
(d) 173 V (e) 141 V
12.10 The total power supplied to a balanced -load is
found in the same way as for a balanced Y-load.
12.8 When a Y-connected load is supplied by voltages in (a) True (b) False
abc phase sequence, the line voltages lag the
corresponding phase voltages by 30◦ .
Answers: 12.1a, 12.2a, 12.3c, 12.4a, 12.5b, 12.6e, 12.7c, 12.8b,
(a) True (b) False 12.9a, 12.10a.
P R O B L E M S1
Section 12.2 Balanced Three-Phase Voltages Section 12.3 Balanced Wye-Wye Connection
12.1 If Vab = 400 V in a balanced Y-connected
three-phase generator, find the phase voltages, 12.6 For the Y-Y circuit of Fig. 12.41, find the line
assuming the phase sequence is: currents, the line voltages, and the load voltages.
(a) abc (b) acb
12.2 What is the phase sequence of a balanced 220 0° V
three-phase circuit for which Van = 160 30◦ V and a A 10 Ω j5 Ω
Vcn = 160 − 90◦ V? Find Vbn . −+
a Ia A
440 0° V +
− 6 − j8 Ω
n N
6 − j8 Ω 6 − j8 Ω
Ic
1 Remember that unless stated otherwise, all given voltages and currents are rms values.
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CHAPTER 12 Three-Phase Circuits 519
12.8 A balanced Y-connected load with a phase 12.12 Solve for the line currents in the Y- circuit of Fig.
impedance of 16 + j 9 is connected to a balanced 12.45. Take Z = 60 45◦ .
three-phase source with a line voltage of 220 V.
Calculate the line current IL .
Ia
A
12.9 A balanced Y-Y four-wire system has phase voltages a
− 10 + j5 Ω
220 120° V + Zl ZY
2Ω a
Z∆
Z∆
Figure 12.43 For Prob. 12.10. Zl ZY
b
Z∆
Section 12.4 Balanced Wye-Delta Connection Zl ZY
c
12.11 For the three-phase circuit of Fig. 12.44,
IbB = 30 60◦ A and VBC = 220 10◦ V. Find Van ,
VAB , IAC , and Z. Figure 12.46 For Prob. 12.13.
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520 PART 2 AC Circuits
12.16 If Van = 440 60◦ V in the network of Fig. 12.47, 12.18 Refer to the - circuit in Fig. 12.49. Find the line
find the load phase currents IAB , IBC , and ICA . and phase currents. Assume that the load impedance
is 12 + j 9 per phase.
a A
Three-phase, 12 Ω j9 Ω
Y-connected
generator j9 Ω 12 Ω
Ia
b A
(+) phase C
sequence B 12 Ω j9 Ω IAB
c
− ZL ZL
210 120° V + +
− 210 0° V
Figure 12.47 For Prob. 12.16.
Ib ICA
−+ C
Section 12.5 Balanced Delta-Delta Connection B
210 −120° V Ic IBC ZL
12.17 For the - circuit of Fig. 12.48, calculate the
phase and line currents.
Figure 12.49 For Prob. 12.18.
a A
30 Ω
+ 173 0° V
−
j10 Ω 12.19 Find the line currents Ia , Ib , and Ic in the three-phase
30 Ω network of Fig. 12.50 below. Take
b
173 120° V +
− B Z = 12 − j 15 , ZY = 4 + j 6 ,
j10 Ω and Z = 2 .
30 Ω
+ 173 −120° V 12.20 A balanced delta-connected source has phase
−
voltage Vab = 416 30◦ V and a positive phase
j10 Ω sequence. If this is connected to a balanced
delta-connected load, find the line and phase
c C currents. Take the load impedance per phase as
60 30◦ and line impedance per phase as
Figure 12.48 For Prob. 12.17. 1 + j 1 .
Zl Ia
A
ZY
Z∆ Z∆
−
208 120° V + + 208 0° V
−
Zl Ib
ZY ZY
−+ C
B
208 −120° V Zl Ic Z∆
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CHAPTER 12 Three-Phase Circuits 521
Section 12.6 Balanced Delta-Wye Connection 12.23 In a balanced three-phase -Y circuit, the source is
◦ connected in the positive sequence, with
12.21 In the circuit of Fig. 12.51, if Vab = 440 10 , Vab = 220 20◦ V and ZY = 20 + j 15 . Find the
Vbc = 440 250◦ , Vca = 440 130◦ V, find the line line currents.
currents.
12.24 A delta-connected generator supplies a balanced
wye-connected load with an impedance of
3 + j2 Ω Ia
30 − 60◦ . If the line voltages of the generator
a
have a magnitude of 400 V and are in the positive
phase sequence, find the line current IL and phase
+
− Vab 10 − j8 Ω voltage Vp at the load.
3 + j2 Ω Ib 10 − j8 Ω
Vca − b Section 12.7 Power in a Balanced System
+
12.25 A balanced wye-connected load absorbs a total
+
− Vbc 10 − j8 Ω power of 5 kW at a leading power factor of 0.6 when
3 + j2 Ω Ic connected to a line voltage of 240 V. Find the
impedance of each phase and the total complex
c power of the load.
1Ω j2 Ω
9Ω
110 0° V +
−
110 240° V
1Ω j2 Ω 9Ω j12 Ω j12 Ω
−+
j12 Ω
−
+ 110 120° V 9Ω
1Ω j2 Ω
1Ω j2 Ω
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522 PART 2 AC Circuits
12.31 Find the real power absorbed by the load in Fig. power from a three-phase source with a line voltage
12.54. of 110 V. Assume zero line impedance.
5Ω A 12.39 The following three parallel-connected three-phase
a
loads are fed by a balanced three-phase source.
−j6 Ω 4Ω Load 1: 250 kVA, 0.8 pf lagging
−
100 120° V + + 100 0° V Load 2: 300 kVA, 0.95 pf leading
−
8Ω j3 Ω Load 3: 450 kVA, unity pf
5Ω 10 Ω
c −+ C If the line voltage is 13.8 kV, calculate the line
b B current and the power factor of the source. Assume
100 −120° V 5Ω that the line impedance is zero.
100 0° V rms Ia Za
1Ω j0.5 Ω
−+
150 0° V
+
−
Ib Zb
Z∆ −
100 −120° V rms 150 120° V
1Ω j0.5 Ω +
−+ Z∆
+
150 −120° V Ic
− Zc
Z∆
100 120° V rms
1Ω j0.5 Ω
−+ Figure 12.56 For Prob. 12.40.
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CHAPTER 12 Three-Phase Circuits 523
12.43 A delta-connected load whose phase impedances are 12.49 Given the circuit in Fig. 12.61, use PSpice to
ZAB = 50 , ZBC = −j 50 , and ZCA = j 50 is determine currents IaA and voltage VBN .
fed by a balanced wye-connected three-phase source
with Vp = 100 V. Find the phase currents.
240 0° V
12.44 A balanced three-phase wye-connected generator a 4Ω j3 Ω A 10 Ω j15 Ω
with Vp = 220 V supplies an unbalanced −+
wye-connected load with ZAN = 60 + j 80 ,
ZBN = 100 − j 120 , and ZCN = 30 + j 40 .
−j36 Ω −j36 Ω
Find the total complex power absorbed by the load.
240 −120° V
12.45 Refer to the unbalanced circuit of Fig. 12.58. b 4Ω j3 Ω B 10 Ω j15 Ω
Calculate: n −+ N
(a) the line currents
(b) the real power absorbed by the load −j36 Ω
(c) the total complex power supplied by the source 240 120° V
c 4Ω j3 Ω 10 Ω j15 Ω
a A −+
C
j10 Ω
440 0° V
+
−
−+
b B
−j5 Ω
Figure 12.61 For Prob. 12.49.
440 −120° V
−
440 120° V 20 Ω
+
b B 40 Ω 0.2 mF 1Ω 2 mH C 27 mH
n −+ N
c
10 mF
−
+
c C
Figure 12.62 For Prob. 12.50.
Figure 12.59 For Prob. 12.47. 12.51 For the circuit in Fig. 12.54, use PSpice to find the
12.48 Use PSpice to determine Io in the single-phase, line currents and the phase currents.
three-wire circuit of Fig. 12.60. Let
12.52 A balanced three-phase circuit is shown in Fig.
Z1 = 15 − j 10 , Z2 = 30 + j 20 , and
12.63 on the next page. Use PSpice to find the line
Z3 = 12 + j 5 .
currents IaA , IbB , and IcC .
4Ω
Io
Section 12.10 Applications
220 0° V +
− Z1 12.53 A three-phase, four-wire system operating with a
4Ω 208-V line voltage is shown in Fig. 12.64. The
Z3 source voltages are balanced. The power absorbed
by the resistive wye-connected load is measured by
+ the three-wattmeter method. Calculate:
220 0° V − Z2
(a) the voltage to neutral
4Ω
(b) the currents I1 , I2 , I3 , and In
(c) the readings of the wattmeters
Figure 12.60 For Prob. 12.48. (d) the total power absorbed by the load
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524 PART 2 AC Circuits
a 0.6 Ω j0.5 Ω A
0.2 Ω
30 Ω
0.2 Ω j1 Ω
−j20 Ω
+ 30 Ω
240 10° V − 0.6 Ω j0.5 Ω
j1 Ω b B
+ 240 −110° V −j20 Ω
−
30 Ω
+
240 130° V − j1 Ω
−j20 Ω
0.2 Ω
0.6 Ω j0.5 Ω
c C
I1 a
W1 b
I2
c
W2
40 Ω d Motor load
In 260 kVA,
48 Ω 0.85 pf, lagging
n
24 kW 15 kW 9 kW
60 Ω Lighting loads
I3
W3
Figure 12.65 For Prob. 12.54.
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CHAPTER 12 Three-Phase Circuits 525
12.57 In Fig. 12.66, two wattmeters are properly 12.60 Predict the wattmeter readings for the circuit in Fig.
connected to the unbalanced load supplied by a 12.68.
balanced source such that Vab = 208 0◦ V with
W1
positive phase sequence. ±
Z
(a) Determine the reading of each wattmeter. ±
(b) Calculate the total apparent power absorbed by
the load. 208 0° V +
−
Z
A
a W1 W2
20 Ω −
12 Ω 208 −60° V +
0 B Z = 60 − j30 Ω
b ± ±
10 Ω j5 Ω
−j10 Ω
c W2
C Figure 12.68 For Prob. 12.60.
W1
±
±
240 − 60° V +
− Z
Z = 10 + j30 Ω
W2
−
240 −120° V + Z
± ±
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEMS
12.63 A three-phase generator supplied 3.6 kVA at a 12.65 A balanced three-phase generator has an abc phase
power factor of 0.85 lagging. If 2500 W are sequence with phase voltage Van = 255 0◦ V. The
delivered to the load and line losses are 80 W per generator feeds an induction motor which may be
phase, what are the losses in the generator? represented by a balanced Y-connected load with an
impedance of 12 + j 5 per phase. Find the line
12.64 A three-phase 440-V, 51-kW, 60-kVA inductive load
currents and the load voltages. Assume a line
operates at 60 Hz and is wye-connected. It is
impedance of 2 per phase.
desired to correct the power factor to 0.95 lagging.
What value of capacitor should be placed in parallel
with each load impedance?
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526 PART 2 AC Circuits
12.66 Three balanced loads are connected to a distribution 12.69 Design a three-phase heater with suitable symmetric
line as depicted in Fig. 12.69. The loads are loads using wye-connected pure resistance. Assume
Transformer: 12 kVA at 0.6 pf lagging that the heater is supplied by a 240-V line voltage
Motor: 16 kVA at 0.8 pf lagging and is to give 27 kW of heat.
Unknown load: − − −− 12.70 For the single-phase three-wire system in Fig. 12.71,
If the line voltage is 220 V, the line current is 120 A, find currents IaA , IbB , and InN .
and the power factor of the combined load is 0.95
1Ω
lagging, determine the unknown load. a A
120 0° V rms +
− 24 − j2 Ω
1Ω
n N
120 0° V rms +
− 15 + j4 Ω
1Ω
Transformer Motor Unknown Load
b B
Ia
a
Ib 1.8 kVAR
b
Ic
c Motor load
In 4 kVA,
d pf = 72%, lagging
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