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Modeling Questions

dy
1 (a) − ∝ yt
dt

dy
⇒ =
− kyt where k is the constant of proportionality.
dt

dy
(b) = − kyt
dt

∫ y dy= ∫ − kt dt
1

1
⇒ ln y =
− kt 2 + c
2

When t = 0, y = 50

⇒ ln 50 = c

1
∴ ln y =
− kt 2 + ln50
2

1
lny − ln50 =
− kt 2
2

 y  1
ln   = − kt 2
 50  2

1
y − kt 2
=e 2
50

1
− kt 2
y = 50 e 2

(c) When t = 10, y = 40

⇒ 40 = 50 e–50k

4
= e − 50 k
5

4
ln   = − 50k
5

1 4
k= − ln  
50  5 

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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1 4
t 2 ln  
∴y=
50 e100 5

When y = 25

1 2 4
t In  
⇒ 25 = 50 e 100 5

1 1 2 4
ln   = t ln  
 2  100 5

 1
100 ln  
 2
= t2
 4
ln  
 5

t = 17.6 seconds

dθ
2 − ∝ (θ − θ )
dt

dθ
− k (θ − θ 0 ) where k is the constant of proportionality.
=
dt

dθ
− k (θ − 15)
=
dt

The temperature θ0 = 15˚

∫ θ − 15 dθ= ∫ −k dt
1

⇒ ln θ − 15 =− kt + c

When t = 0, θ = 90

⇒ ln 75 = c

∴ ln (θ – 15) = –kt + ln 75

When t = 3, θ = 70

⇒ ln 55 = –3k + ln 75

3k = ln 75 – ln 55

1  75  1  15 
k= ln   = ln  
3  55  3  11 

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1  15 
∴ ln (θ – 15) = − t ln   + ln 75
3  11 

Consider θ = 50˚C

1  15 
⇒ ln 35 = − t ln   + ln 75
3  11 

 1  15  
ln 35 – ln 75 =  − ln    t
 3  11  

 35 
ln  
 75 
=t = 7.37
1  15 
− ln  
3  11 

It will take the body 7.37 minutes to cool to 50˚C

3 Q = Q1 (1 – e–αt).

Q
(a) = 1 − e −αt
Q1

Q
e −αt = 1 −
Q1

 Q
−α
= t ln 1 − 
 Q1 

1  Q
t=
− ln 1 − 
α  Q1 

(b) Q = Q1 (1 − e −α t )

When t = 0, Q = 0,

When t → ∞, Q = Q 1

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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1
(c) When Q = Q1 :
2

1
=Q1 Q1 (1 − e −αt )
2

1
= 1 − e − αt
2

1
e −αt =
2

 1
−αt =
ln  
 2

−1 1
t= ln  
α 2

1
t= ln 2
α
t
−
4 θ= 10 + 90e 8

When t = 0, θ = 100

t
−
When t → ∞, e 8 → 0, θ → 10

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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When θ = 50

t
−
50 = 10 + 90 e 8

t
4 −
=e 8
9

 4 1
ln   = − t
 9 8

4
t=
− 8ln   =
6.49
9

t = 6.49 minutes

Nokia iPhone Motorola

Male 50 30 10

Female 50 20 40

(a) P(Nokia or iPhone)

100 50 150 3
= + = =
200 200 200 4

(b) P(female or owned iPhone)

110 50 20 140 7
= + − = = .
200 200 200 240 10

(c) P(owned iPhone/female)

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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20
P(owned iPhone ∩ female) 200 20 2
= = = =
P(female) 110 110 11
200

(d) P (male iPhone or female Nokia)

30 50 80 2
= + = =
200 200 200 5

di
6 L + Ri =
E (t )
dt

di
⇒ 0.5 + 10i =
12
dt

di
+ 20i =
24
dt

P = 20, Q = 24

= ∫
IF e= e 20t
20 dt

∫
i (e 20t ) = 24 e 20t dt

24 20t
i=
(e 20t ) e +c
20

When t = 0, i = 0

24
⇒ 0= +c
20

24
c= −
20

24 20t 24
∴ i (e 20t ) = e −
20 20

6 6
⇒ i = − e −20t
5 5

7 f1 = 1.04 f0 + 20

f1 = 1.04 (2000) + 20 = 2100

f2 = 1.04f1 + 20 = 1.04 (2100) + 20 = 2204

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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f3 = 1.04f2 + 20 = 1.04 (2204) + 20 = 2312.2

After 3 months the population is approximately 2312 fish

8 j = price of a pair of jeans

s = price of ashirt

t = price of a T-shirt

2j + 2s + 4t = 90

j + 0s + 3t = 42.50

j + 3s + 2t = 62

In matrix form:

1 0 3   j   42.50 
    
1 3 2   s  =  62 
2 4   t   90 
 2

The augmented matrix is:

1 0 3 42.50 
 
1 3 2 62 
2
 2 4 90 

R2 → R2 – R1

R3 → R3 – 2R2

1 0 3 42.50 
 
0 3 −119.50 
0 −4 0 −34 


From row 2,

3s – t = 19.50

25.5 – t = 19.50

t=6

From row 1,

j + 3t = 42.50

j + 18 = 42.50

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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j = 24.50

The prices are:

jeans: TT$ 24.50

shirt: TT$ 8.50

T-shirt: TT$ 6.00

9 I 1 – I2 – I3 = 0

6I1 + 3I3 = 0

6I1 + 6I2 = 36 ∴ I1 + I2 = 6

In matrix form:

1 −1 −1  I1   0 
    
6 0 3   I2  =  0 
1 0   I 3   6 
 1

1 −1 −1 0 
 
6 0 3 0
1 0 6 
 1

R2 → R2 – 6R1

R3 → R3 – R1

1 −1 −1 0 
 
0 6 9 0
0 1 6 
 2

R 3 → 3R 3 − R 2

1 −1 −1 0 
 
0 2 3 0 
0 −6 18 
 0

–6I3 = 18 ⟹ I3 = –3

2I2 + 3I3 = 0

2I2 – 9 = 0 ⟹ I2 = 4.5

I1 – I2 – I3 = 0

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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I1 = 1.5

0.5

10 (a) ∫ 0
1 + x 3 dx

0.5 − 0 1
=
Width of an interval =
6 12

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
12 12 12 12 12 12

1+ x3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3
 1  2  3  4  5  6
1+   = 1+   = 1+   = 1+   1+   1+   =
 12   12   12   12   12   12 
1.000289 1.002312 1.007782 1.018350 1.035538 1.060660

1 1 
∫
0.5
∴ 1 + x 3 dx ≈   [(1 + 1.060660) +
0 2  12 

2 (1.000289 + 1.002312 + 1.007782 + 1.018350 + 1.035538)]

= 0.508 (3 dp)

 1  1
1
1 3    − 
2 2
(b) 1 + x 3 =(1 + x ) =+
1 3 2
(x ) + ( x 3 )2 + 
2 2!

1 3 1 6
=
1+ x − x +
2 8

1 3 1 6
Since 1 + x 3 =+
1 x − x up to x 6
2 8

1 3 1 6
∫ ∫
0.5 0.5
1 + x 3 dx = 1+ x − x dx
0 0 2 8

0.5
 1 1 7
= x + x 4 − x
 8 56  0

1 1
=
0.5 + (0.5)4 − (0.5)7
8 56

= 0.508 (3 dp)

2
11 Let f (x ) = e − x

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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2
f 1 ( x) = − 2 xe − x

2 2 2 2
− 2 x (−2 xe − x ) − 2 e − x =
f 2 ( x) = 4 x 2 e − x − 2e − x

2 2 2 2 2
− 4 x 2 (−2 xe − x ) + 8 xe − x + 4 xe − x =
f 3 ( x) = –8x 3e − x + 12 xe − x

2 2 2 2
− 8 x3 (−2 xe − x ) − 24 x 2 e − x + 12e − x − 24 x 2 e − x
f 4 ( x) =

When x = 0, f (x) = e0 = 1

f 1 (x) = –2 (0) e0 = 0

f 2 (x) = 4 (0) e0 – 2e0 = –2

f 3 (x) = 0

f 4 (x) = 12

2 x2 x3 x4
∴ e − x =1 + x (0) + (−2) + (0) + (12)
2! 3! 4!

1 4
=1 − x2 + x
2

0.5
1 4
∫ ∫
2 0.5
e − x dx= 1 − x2 + x dx
0
0 2

0.5
 1 1 5
= x − x3 + x
 3 10  0

1 1
=−
0.5 (0.5)3 + (0.5)5
3 10

= 0.461 (3 dp)

d2 x
12 + ω2x =
0
dt 2

AQE: m2 + ω 2 = 0

m=± ωi

General solution is x = A cos ω t + B sin ω t

2π
When , x=λ
ω

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⇒ λ A cos 2π + B sin 2π
=

A=λ

∴ x = λ cos ω t + B sin ω t

dx
− ωλ sin ωt + ω B cos ωt
=
dt

2π dx
=
When t = , 0
ω dt

⇒ 0 = − ωλ sin 2π + ω B cos 2π

B=0

∴ x = λ cos ω t

d2q dq
13 2
+2 +2q=
50 cos t
dt dt

q = CF + PI

d2q dq
CF: 2
+2 + 2q =
0
dt dt

AEQ: m2 + 2m + 2 = 0

−2 ± 4 − 8
m=
2

−2 ± 2i
=
2

= –1 ± i

q = e–t (A cos t + B sin t)

P.I: Let q = a cos 2t + b sin 2t

dq
=
− 2a sin 2t + 2b cos 2t
dt

d2q
=
− 4a cos 2t − 4b sin 2t
dt 2

Substituting into the differential equation:

– 4a cos 2t – 4b sin 2t – 4a sin 2t + 4b cos 2t + 2a cos 2t + 2b sin 2t = 50 cos 2t

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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Equating coefficients of cos 2t

–4a + 4b + 2a = 50 ⇒ –2a + 4b = 50

Equating coefficients of sin 2t

–4b – 4a + 2b = 0 ⇒ 2b = –4a ⇒ b = –2a

∴ –2a – 8a = 50

–10a = 50

a = –5

b = 10

∴ q = –5 cos 2t + 10 sin 2t

General solution is:

q = e–t (A cos t + B sin t) – 5 cos 2t + 10 sin 2t

When t = 0, q = 0

⇒ 0 = A – 5, A = 5

dq
=e −t (− A sin t + B cos t ) − e −t ( A cos t + B sin t ) + 10 sin 2t + 20 cos 2t
dt

dq
=
When t 0,= 0
dt

⇒ 0=B − A + 20 ⇒ B =− 15

Required solution is

q = e–t (5 cost – 15 sint) – 5 cos2t + 10 sin2t

14

No. to be chosen = 11

(a) Choose the two spin bowlers and 9 from the other 18 players

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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2
C2 × 18C9 = 48620

(b) 8
C4 × 3C1 × 9C6 = 17640

(c) No. of choices with 1 spin bowler = 2C1 × 18C10 = 87516

No. of choices with 2 spin bowlers = 48620

No. of choices with at least 1 spin bowler = 87516 + 48620 = 136136

15 Q (K, L) = 100 K0.4 L0.6

(a) Keep L constant and differentiate with respect to K:

∂Q
= 40 K − 0.6 L0.6
∂K

When K = 600, L = 825

∂Q
= 40 (600) −0.6 (825)0.6
∂K

= 48.42

Keep K constant and differentiate with respect to L:

∂Q
= 0.6 × 100 K 0.4 L−0.4
∂L

= 60 K0.4 L–0.4

When K = 600, L = 825

∂Q
= 60 (600)0.4 (825) −0.4
∂L

= 52.82

(b) The gain for an increase in labour is slightly greater than that for an increase in capital,

so the manufacturer should increase the labour force.

16 Q(x, y) = 100x + 400y + x2y – x3 – y2

(a) Differentiating wrt x while keeping y constant:

∂Q
=100 + 2 xy − 3x 2
∂x

When x = 21, y = 80

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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∂Q
⇒ =100 + 2 (21) (80) − 3 (21) 2
∂x

= 2137

∴ Change in output = 2137 units

(b) Differentiating wrt y keeping x constant:

∂Q
= 400 + x 2 − 2 y
∂y

When x = 20, y = 81

∂Q
⇒ = 400 + (20) 2 − 2 (81) = 638
∂y

Change in output = 638 units

17 Q = 2s3 + s2u + u3

When s = 40, u = 30

∴ Q = 2(40)3 + (40)2 (30) + (30)3

= 203000

Q must be maintained at 203000

∴ 2 s 3 + s 2u + u 3 =
203000

Differentiating wrt s:

du du
6s 2 + 2su + s 2 + 3u 2 =
0
ds ds

du −6s 2 − 2su
∴ =2
ds s + 3u 2

When s = 40, u = 30:

du −6 (40)2 − 2 (40) (30)

=
ds (40)2 + 3 (30)2

= – 2.79

Unskilled labour must be decreased by 2.79 hours

18 (a) For the useful life y = x

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4000 – 17t2 = 1500 + 8t2

25t2 = 2500

t2 = 100

t = 10

The useful life is 10 years

(b) P (t ) = y (t ) – x (t )

= 4000 – 17t2 – (1500 + 8t2)

= 2500 – 25t2

10
 25 3 
∫
10
Net profit = (2500 − 25t ) dt = 2500 t −
2
t
0  3  0

25
= 2500 (10) − (10)3
3

= 16666.67

∴ Net profit is TT$ 16666.67

19 For the first investment the amount of money deposited is 4000 e0.4t per year

r = 0.05, T = 10

∫
10
=
Net value 4000 e0.04t × e −0.05t dt − 2000
0

∫
10
= 4000 e −0.01t dt − 2000
0

4000 −0.01t 10
= e  − 2000
−0.01  0

= –400000 [e–0.1 – 1] – 2000

= TT$ 36065.03

For the second investment the money deposited is TT$ 6000 per year

r = 0.05, T = 10

∫
10
=
Net value 6000 e −0.05t dt − 5000
0

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6000 − 0.05t 10
= e  0 − 5000
−0.05 

=− 120000 [e −0.5 − 1] − 5000

= TT$ 42216.32

The net income generated by the second investment is better than the first.

20 V = πr2 h

∂V
= 2πrh
∂r

(a) When h = 15 cm, r = 5 cm

∂V
= π150
2π (15) (5) =
∂r

The change in volume for a 1 cm change in radius is 150π cm3

(b) S = 2πr2 + 2πrh

∂S
(i) = 4πr + 2πh
∂r

=
When =
h 15cm, r 5 cm

∂S
= 4π (5) + 2 π (15)
∂r

= 50π

The change in surface area for a 1 cm change in radius is 50π cm2

∂S
(ii) = 2πr
∂h

When r = 4 cm

∂S
=π
2 (4) =
8π
∂h

The change in surface area for a 1 cm change in height is 8π cm2

Unit 2 Answers: Modeling questions © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013