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JA-2002-Meaning Beyond Clause SFL Perspective PDF
JA-2002-Meaning Beyond Clause SFL Perspective PDF
JA-2002-Meaning Beyond Clause SFL Perspective PDF
J. R. Martin
52
MEANING BEYOND THE CLAUSE: SFL PERSPECTryES 53
In the next section,one readingof the theory informing this work will be
outlined,basedon Martin (1992)andMartin andRose,in press. Followingthis,
somerecentdevelopmentsand currenttrendsin SFL discourseanalysiswill be
reviewed.
Modeling Discourse
o reference
a ellipsis
a substitution
a conjunction
a lexicalcohesion
Gutwinski(1976)developsa closelyrelatedframework,includingthese
resources(and in additiongranrmaticalparallelism). Referencerefers to resources
for identifying a participantor circumstantialelementwhoseidentity is
recoverable. In Englishthe relevantresourcesincludedemonstratives,the definite
article, pronouns,comparatives,and the phoric adverbshere, there, now, and
then. Ellipsisrefersto resources for omininga clause,or somepart of a clauseor
group,in contextswhereit canbe assumed.In Englishconversation,rejoinders
'Did they win?' 'Yes,
are oftenmadedependent throughomissionsof this kind:
they did.' Somelanguages, includingEnglish,havein additiona setof place
holderswhich can be usedto signalthe omission-e.g., so and not for clauses,do
for verbal groups andone for nominalgroups. This resourceof placeholdersis
referredto as substitution. Ellipsis andsubstitutionaresometimestreatedas a
singleresource(e.g., Halliday, 1994). From the perspectiveof English,ellipsisis
substitutionby zero;moregenerally,lookingacrosslanguages,it might be better
to think of substitutionasellipsis(signaled)by something.Reference,ellipsis,and
substitutioninvolvesmallclosedclassesof itemsor gaps,and havetogetherbeen
referredto as grammaticalcohesion(Gutwinski,I976; Hasan,1968).
54 J. R. MARTIN
o identification
o negotiation
a conjunction
o ideation
'Realityconstrual'
Contextualvariable
genre genre//
register/ metrredundancg
( rerlisrtion)
ideational \
\ t8rftnl
Ia n g u a g e
;;jr
Recent Developments
someof the new kinds of discourseevolving in the print and electronic media
(Lemke,1998;Veel, 1998).
Connections
Notes
1. The terms internal and external are from Halliday and Hasan (1976); van Dijk
(1977) opposespragmaticto semanticrelations. The contrastis betweenHe came,
becauseI just saw him (internal - 'why I'm saying he came') and,He came
becauseI saw him and told him Io (external : 'why he came').
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPITY
OTIIER REIIERENCES