Chapter 1: Stoichiometric

1. Relative atomic mass

Average mass of naturally occurring atoms of an element relative to 1⁄12 of the mass of an
atom of carbon-12
2. Relative isotopic mass
Mass of an atom of the isotope to 1⁄12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
3. Relative molecular mass
Mass of a molecule of the substance to 1⁄12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
4. Relative formula mass
Mass of one formula unit of the compound to 1⁄12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Chapter 2: Atomic Structure

1. Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with the same proton number but different number of neutrons
2. First Ionisation Energy
The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of atoms of the element
in gaseous state to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions

Chapter 3: Chemical Bonding

1. Ionic Bond
Electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions formed as a result of the
complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another
2. Metallic Bond
Electrostatic force of attraction between two neighbouring metal ions have for the delocalised
electrons between them
3. Covalent bond
Electrostatic force of attraction that two neighbouring nuclei have for a localised pair of
electrons shared between them
4. Bond polarity
Bonding electrons are unequally shared
5. Electronegativity
Ability of a particular atom, which is covalently bonded to another atom, to attract the bond pair
of electrons towards itself

Chapter 5: Chemical Energetic

1. Standard enthalpy change of formation, ΔHfO
Enthalpy change when 1 mole of compound is formed from its elements under standard
condition (25oC, 1 atm).
2. Standard enthalpy change of combustion, ΔHcO
Enthalpy change when 1 mole of a substance is completely burnt in oxygen under standard
condition (25 oC, 1 atm).
3. Standard enthalpy change of neutralisation, ΔHnO
Enthalpy change when one mole of water is formed by the reaction between acid and alkali
under standard condition (25 oC, 1 atm).
4. Standard enthalpy change of solution,
Enthalpy change when 1 mole of solute is dissolved in a solvent to form infinitely dilute solution
under standard condition (25 oC, 1 atm).
5. Standard enthalpy change of atomisation,
Enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms is formed from its element under standard
condition (25 oC, 1 atm).
6. Standard enthalpy change of hydration of anhydrous salt
Enthalpy change when 1 mole of a hydrated salt is formed from one mole of the anhydrous salt
under standard condition (25 oC, 1 atm).

Chapter 6: Electrochemistry
1. Redox Reaction
A reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time
2. Disproportionation
The simultaneous oxidation and reduction of the same species in a chemical reaction
Chapter 7: Chemical Equilibrium
1. Reversible Reactions
A reaction in which the products can react to re-form the original reactants
2. Dynamic equilibrium
A reaction in which the molecules of reactants are being converted to products at the same rate
as products are being converted to reactants
3. Le Chatelier’s principle
If one or more factors that affect an equilibrium is changed, the position of equilibrium shifts in
the direction that reduces (opposes) the change
4. A Bronsted-Lowry acid
proton donor
5. A Bronsted-Lowry base
proton acceptor
6. Strong acid/ base
Acids or bases that dissociate almost completely in solution
7. Weak acid/ base
Acids or bases that are only partially dissociated in solution

Chapter 8: Reaction Kinetics

1. Activation energy
The minimum energy that colliding particles must possess for a successful collision to take place
2. Heterogeneous Catalyst
A type of catalyst in which the catalyst occupies a different phase than the reaction mixture.
3. Homogeneous catalyst
A type of catalyst in which the catalyst occupies a same phase as the reaction mixture
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
1. Empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of the element present in one molecule or formula unit of a
compound
2. Molecular formula
The formula which shows the actual number of each of the different present in one molecule
3. Functional Groups
An atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule that determine the characteristic reactions of a
homologous series
4. Structural Isomerism
Isomers that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
5. Stereoisomerism
Different molecules with the same structural formula and molecular formula for but different
arrangement of atoms in space
6. Homolytic fission
Bond breaking process where both the atoms at each end of the bond leave with one electron
from a pair that formed the covalent bond
7. Heterolytic fission
Uneven breaking of a covalent bond.
8. Nucleophile
A donator of a pair of electrons
9. Electrophile
An acceptor of a pair of electrons