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Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach 5th Edition by David H. Barlow - Test Bank
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Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach 5th Edition by David H. Barlow – Test
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Chapter 6
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which of the following individuals possesses the most characteristics associated with somatic
symptom disorder?
b. people who have had head injury and resulting brain damage
3. Tracey has localized amnesia, what does she likely have no memory of?
4. In a study conducted by Loftus and colleagues (1996), individuals were told about false events that
had supposedly occurred when they were children. What did the results of this study reveal?
Individuals with previously diagnosed disorders can be convinced of events that never
a.
happened.
c. People can become quite convinced they experienced events that never happened.
People can become convinced of events that did not happen, but only during hypnosis or other
d.
dissociative states.
5. Jake has somatic symptom disorder, his brother Kyle has a disorder that is often observed in family
members of people with somatic symptom disorder. What disorder does Kyle most likely have?
d. panic disorder
6. Pat has dissociative identity disorder and lives with her parents. Her parents observe her “switch”
from one personality to another on a regular basis. How do her parents describe the “switches”?
7. Ian is experiencing dissociation. Before this problem occurred, Ian was healthy and well-adjusted.
What likely happened in Ian’s recent past?
a. a minor illness
8. Jenna, a recently married young woman, described episodes of “spacing out.” During these episodes,
she feels as if she is observing herself from outside of her body. Her experiences seem “dream-like,” and
she reports feeling completely separated from what is going on around her. What diagnosis best fits
Jenna’s symptoms?
b. post-traumatic episodes
c. detachment disorder
d. depersonalization disorder
9. According to Ross (1997) and others, what is the average number of alter personalities (i.e., in
addition to the original personality) in individuals with dissociative identity disorder?
a. 5
b. 15
c. 25
d. 50
10. What do we call the model that suggests that most symptoms of dissociative identity disorder can be
accounted for by therapists who inadvertently suggest the existence of alters to suggestible individuals?
11. The diagnostic criteria for dissociative identity disorder include a fragmentation of identity and:
12. With regard to dissociative identity disorder, what does the term “alter” mean?
15. If Jane has illness anxiety disorder, how frequently can we expect her to see her physician and how
will she feel as a result of these visits?
a. She will rarely see her physician, but she will continue to believe that she is quite ill.
b. She will often see her physician, but she will continue to be anxious about her health anyway.
c. She will almost never see her physician because she does not trust physicians.
She will often see her physician, and she will feel completely reassured that there is nothing
d.
wrong with her health.
16. Jill is constantly worried that she will get sick. Although she feels fine now and believes that she is
healthy, she still worries endlessly about developing a serious illness. What would Jill most likely be
diagnosed with?
c. illness phobia
d. illness anxiety disorder
17. Anne feels as though she has a lump in her throat, but the doctors can find no obstructions. What
diagnosis is a psychiatrist most likely to give Anne?
a. la belle indifférence
b. globus hystericus
c. echerichia coli
d. malingering
18. Angie has dissociative identity disorder (DID). What is most likely part of Angie’s history?
b. delusions
c. child abuse
19. In dissociative amnesia, memory loss can be partial or total. How long does it generally last?
a. It is permanent.
c. It is brief.
20. What is the average length of time between an individual’s first symptoms of dissociative identity
disorder and the identification and diagnosis of the disorder by a professional?
b. one year
c. seven years
d. 20 years
21. Rebecca has depersonalization derealization disorder. Which of the following complaints will
Rebecca MOST likely report to her doctor?
a. memory loss
b. detachment
d. hallucinations
c. They will have sexual relationships if it is beneficial to the host personality for them to do so.
23. In 2003, Kenneth Mackay was convicted of murdering Crystal Paskemin in Saskatoon. Although he
admitted to having run over the victim with his truck, which he claims was an accident, his defence
lawyer argued that Mackay had no memory of burning the victim’s body because of the trauma of the
accident. What did a memory expert testify in court that Mackay might have suffered?
b. dissociative amnesia
b. It is usually the one that is the most frequently seen of the personalities.
d. It is usually the one that asks for treatment and becomes the patient.
25. When would Paul be most likely to be diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder with
predominant pain?
b. if he has physical reasons for pain but psychological factors play a major role as well
if he has physical reasons for pain, but knowingly exaggerates the pain to gain sympathy,
c.
attention, or some other benefit
26. Martin wants to help his wife, Joann, with her somatic symptom disorder. So he asks his friend Joe,
who is a psychiatrist, for help. Joe tells Martin the best therapy for Joann is:
a. hypnosis
b. Prozac
c. traditional psychotherapy
27. Dr. Banks has chosen a treatment for Amy’s illness anxiety disorder based on its proven
effectiveness. Which treatment did she most likely select?
a. operant conditioning
b. cognitive-behavioural treatment
c. emotional restructuring
d. psychosurgery
28. What is the essential element of illness anxiety disorder?
a. dissociation
b. anxiety
c. depression
29. Joel has both somatic symptom disorder and antisocial personality disorder, and his psychiatrist
explains that this makes sense because both involve:
c. parental psychopathology
30. Greta occasionally has sensations of detachment from her surroundings, as if she were in a dream.
This feeling of unreality most often occurs when she is overtired. What diagnosis best fits Greta’s
symptoms?
a. conversion hysteria
b. a dissociative experience
c. neurosis
d. dysmorphic disorder
31. Which of the following is NOT a learning experience of those with illness anxiety disorder?
32. Dr. Arnold follows the sociocognitive explanation of alter personalities in dissociative identity
disorder. Which statement would Dr. Arnold most like make about the development of alters?
d. “The creation of alters are consciously and voluntarily simulated by suggestible individuals.”
33. Darren was in a fugue state for six months. What did he likely do in that six months?
c. experienced memory loss and identity confusion, but did not travel
34. Which of the following characterizes the disorder Munchausen syndrome by proxy (or factitious
disorder by proxy)?
a parent lying to a doctor (e.g., saying that the child has had symptoms that never really
c.
existed)
35. Mark injured his back at work several years ago. Although he was treated and considered healed by
his physicians, he still complains of severe and debilitating back pain. Other than some minor scar tissue,
his doctors can’t find anything that could be causing more than some minor stiffness. What is Mark’s
most likely diagnosis?
a. somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain due to a general medical condition
somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain due to psychological factors and a general
d.
medical condition
36. You hear two colleagues talking, and one of them states that a friend has just been diagnosed with
illness anxiety disorder. What is your colleague’s friend’s age and gender most likely to be?
d. The friend is just as likely to be a man or women, at any age in the adult life cycle.
37. A person who is blind but has no underlying cause for their blindness may be suffering from which of
the following?
a. conversion disorder
c. detachment disorder
d. dissociative disorder
38. During a dissociative fugue state, which of the following is it NOT uncommon for individuals to do?
b. speak in a different tone of voice and use different physical gestures than they did previously
c. commit suicide
a. conversion disorder
b. malingering
d. dissociative disorder
40. Mary, who is 40, appears to believe she is a 20-year-old woman. Suddenly, however, she starts to
speak and behave very differently, and says she no longer thinks of herself as “Mary.” Instead, she claims
to be Elise, a 10-year-old child. What has Mary most likely just experienced?
a. an alter trance
b. a switch
c. a conversion reaction
d. a host reaction
41. Frank complained to his doctor that he had weakness in his legs and difficulty keeping his balance,
with the result that he fell frequently. Medical examinations revealed no physical problems. What is this
type of conversion symptom called?
a. globus hystericus
b. aphasia
c. aphonia
d. astasia-abasia
42. Joe just ate six chili-dogs and drank a litre of soda. If Joe had illness anxiety disorder, how would he
probably interpret any resulting stomach discomfort?
as yet another sign of numerous vague, chronic “infections” that have plagued him for years,
a.
which no one seems to be able to properly diagnose
as a sign that something is probably seriously wrong with his stomach, and he would calmly
b.
phone in “sick” to work
as a sign that something is seriously wrong with his stomach and, feeling very anxious, he would
c.
immediately call his doctor
43. What is one factor that helps explain who is likely to develop dissociative identity disorder following
childhood trauma?
a. number of siblings
b. number of abusers
c. suggestibility
d. socioeconomic status
44. Andrew tells Paul that he has been diagnosed with globus hystericus? What symptom did Andrew
most likely complain about to his doctor?
a. blurred vision
d. generalized numbness
a. only when the trance is undesirable and considered pathological in the individual’s culture
only when the trance is unpredictable in terms of when it appears (e.g., if individual goes into a
d.
trance without prior religious ritual)
46. In some ways, for those patients with dissociative identity disorder (DID) and who have suffered
horrific childhood abuse, DID can be seen as an adaptive response. Why?
a. The patient receives a great deal of attention for the past abuse he or she suffered.
d. Family problems are identified and acknowledged for the first time.
47. Illness anxiety disorder is essentially an emotional disturbance. What triggers it?
c. physical pathology
a. derealization
b. conversion disorder
c. dissociative disorder
d. hysterical disorder
49. If someone complains of pain when no medical cause can be found, what will their pain be like?
a. The pain can be real even if it goes away with psychological treatment.
b. If psychological treatment eliminates the pain, the pain cannot have been real in the first place.
The pain usually goes away when the person is sleeping, which is a key indication that the pain
c.
is not real.
Unlike true pain, the pain originates from the brain and not the part of the body that feels
d.
injured.
50. Dr. Little has a new patient who has just developed dissociative identity disorder. Which of the
following people is most likely Dr. Little’s patient?
a. a 13-year-old girl
b. a 9-year-old girl
c. a 3-year-old girl
d. a 17-year-old girl
51. In the absence of any physical trauma to the brain or drug intoxication, what is the most likely cause
of sudden loss of ability to recall important personal information?
a. depersonalization disorder
b. dissociative fugue
c. dissociative amnesia
d. retrograde amnesia
52. Doctors suspect that Allen has somatic symptom disorder. What symptoms is Allen most likely
displaying?
53. Susan has a sick daughter who has been in and out of hospital four times in the last six months, but
no cause for her illnesses can be found. At first, the doctors suspect that Susan may have Munchausen
syndrome by proxy, however, Susan exhibits a behaviour that contradicts that diagnosis. What is that
behaviour?
54. In dissociative identity disorder, who is usually the first personality to seek treatment?
a. malingering
d. conversion disorder
56. What is the fundamental goal of treatment for dissociative identity disorder?
b. to relieve the depression and anxiety that frequently accompanies this disorder
to identify cues or triggers that provoke memories of the trauma or dissociation and to
c.
neutralize them
57. In 1962, Anna was diagnosed with “hypochondriasis”. What disorder would she be diagnosed with
today?
a. blood-injection-injury disorder
58. What research evidence contradicted Freud’s explanation of the cause of conversion disorder?
There is great variability in the amount of concern that conversion disorder patients display
b.
regarding their symptoms.
d. Conversion disorder patients actually are quite concerned with their symptoms.
59. Somatic symptom disorder and antisocial personality disorder share several features; for example,
they are both associated with lower socioeconomic status. What other feature is common to both
disorders?
b. being male
c. suicide attempts
d. legal problems
a. following a death
63. Gisele has somatic symptom disorder. Which of the following MOST likely describes Gisele?
c. she is unmarried
d. she is wealthy
64. Vince has been under a lot of stress. One morning he awakens to find he is totally blind. At his
physician’s office, Vince says he is upset by the loss of his eyesight, but he appears to be totally calm.
Which of the following can best explain Vince’s lack of emotional reaction?
a. malingering
b. la belle indifférence
c. emotional compensation
d. Munchausen syndrome
65. Kelly shows up at an emergency room demanding immediate treatment for bleeding and abdominal
cramps. Later, hospital workers find evidence that Kelly injected herself with a blood thinner to cause
the bleeding and then she faked the cramps just to gain admission to the hospital. Kelly denies
everything and leaves the hospital to find someone who will “treat me properly!” What condition does
Kelly most likely have?
b. Munchausen syndrome
c. conversion disorder
d. somatization disorder
66. Somatization disorder and antisocial personality disorder are often associated with gender. Which of
the following best describes this relationship?
a. Somatization disorder is more common among males, and it reflects high dependency.
b. Somatization disorder is more common among females, and it reflects high dependency.
c. Somatization disorder is more common among males, and it reflects high aggression.
d. Somatization disorder is more common among females, and it reflects high aggression.
a. removing any benefits that patients receive for limitations imposed by the disorder
applying a strict behavioural program that includes reinforcement for each display of progress
b.
and punishment when necessary
regressing the patient to the early stages of psychosexual development, where the conflicts
d.
originated
68. In the “Hillside Strangler” case, what did Kenneth Bianchi claim to be suffering from?
a. dissociative identity disorder
c. dissociative fugue
d. dissociative derealization
Specific events experienced by one personality are remembered only by that personality and
a.
not others.
Some alter personalities have total recall of past events, whereas some other personalities have
b.
only partial recall of past events.
Traumatic events experienced by one personality are remembered only by that personality and
c.
not others.
Specific events experienced by one personality are not remembered by that personality but are
d.
recalled by alter personalities.
70. On the basis of research into and debate about the issue of recovered memories, what official
position has the Canadian Psychiatric Association taken?
The mental health profession is in no position to judge the validity of recovered childhood
a.
memories of abuse.
Childhood memories later recovered in adulthood are of questionable reliability and should
b.
never be accepted without corroboration.
71. In many areas of the world, what are dissociative symptoms, such as sudden changes in personality,
attributed to?
a. fantasy
b. demonic
c. illness
d. body
73. Which of the following statements best describes what is known regarding the accuracy of recovered
memories?
There is evidence that false memories can be created but there is no evidence of selective
a.
amnesia for early traumatic experiences.
There is no evidence that false memories can be created or that individuals develop selective
b.
amnesia for early trauma.
There is no evidence that false memories can be created but there is evidence that individuals
c.
can develop selective amnesia for early trauma.
There is evidence that false memories can be created and that selective amnesia can occur for
d.
early traumatic experiences.
74. Which of the following provides evidence for the influence of social and cultural factors in
conversion disorder?
Conversion disorder tends to occur in lower socioeconomic groups where there is less medical
a.
knowledge.
Conversion disorder tends to occur more frequently in wealthy populations who have easy
d.
access to sophisticated medical tests.
75. Which of the following predicts the development of illness anxiety disorder?
76. Mark has intense anxiety about his health. He focuses on slight changes in his heartbeat and greatly
exaggerates minor aches and pains. He frequently visits multiple doctors because he resents doctors
telling him that nothing is physically wrong with him. What condition does Mark appear to have?
b. conversion disorder
d. Munchausen syndrome
77. What is the main difference between a dissociative fugue and dissociative amnesia?
a. Fugue involves travel; dissociative amnesia does not necessarily involve travel.
b. Fugue states are the result of trauma; dissociative amnesia is the result of guilty feelings.
d. Memories return after a fugue state but not after an occurrence of dissociative amnesia..
Extensive research has found drugs work for some patients while cognitive-behavioural therapy
a.
works for others.
b. Extensive research has found that there are no effective treatments for the disorder.
c. Research in the 1970s suggested drug treatments worked; however, recent research suggests
that drug treatments do not work.
d. There have been very few systematic, controlled studies evaluating treatment.
He argued that people with the disorder had converted unconscious conflicts into defence
a.
mechanisms expressed as physical symptoms.
He argued that people with the disorder experienced real physical illness as a result of internal
b.
conflict.
He argued that people with the disorder experienced physical symptoms as a result of the
c.
superego.
He argued that people with the disorder converted unconscious conflicts into physical
d.
symptoms.
80. Cathy claims to have 16 different personalities, each with its own unique traits and memories, living
inside her. If her claims are accurate, what condition is she most likely suffering from?
a. dissociative depersonalization
c. dissociative fugue
81. While patients with panic disorder and patients with illness anxiety disorder both tend to
misinterpret bodily sensations, how do the two kinds of patients differ?
Those with panic disorder have imagined physical sensations, while those with illness anxiety
a.
disorder experience real physical sensations.
Those with panic disorder tend to fear immediate catastrophe, while those with illness anxiety
b.
disorder tend to fear long-term illness.
Those with panic disorder tend to ignore the symptoms of their first attacks, while those with
c. illness anxiety disorder tend to seek immediate medical treatment following the first indication
of pain.
Those with panic disorder have real physical sensations, while those with illness anxiety
d.
disorder experience sensations that are “all in their minds.”
82. Which two disorders have been historically linked by the term hysteria?
83. What is the main reason that dissociative identity disorder (DID) patients tend to have many
additional psychological disorders?
a. The more personalities associated with the DID, the more additional disorders will develop.
b. Most DID patients abuse drugs and alcohol, which leads to other disorders.
c. Most have suffered horrible child abuse, which leads to many problems in later life.
84. Suriya has dissociative identity disorder and is starting treatment. She asked her psychiatrist what
the treatment will involve. What is the psychiatrist likely to say?
85. What is one reason that dissociative identity disorder can be misdiagnosed as a psychotic disorder?
86. In the Williams (1994) study involving 129 women who had documented cases of sexual abuse as
children, what percentage of these women reported having no recollection of the abuse incident?
a. 0 percent
b. 38 percent
c. 72 percent
d. 100 percent
a. Briquet’s syndrome
c. imagined ugliness
d. koro
88. In their study of individuals suffering from depersonalization, what did Charbonneau and O’Connor
(1999) find in the majority of cases?
b. Onset occurred following a traumatic life event, sexual abuse, or giving birth.
89. Which of the following would be typical for a patient suffering from a conversion disorder?
the ability to identify everything in the visual field even though the patient reports that she is
a.
blind
great concern with the loss of function and belief that it is a symptom of a potentially fatal
b.
disease
c. the ability to avoid walking into things even though he reports being unable to see anything
the ability to see some bright objects when calm, but suffering complete loss of sight during a
d.
stressful period or emergency
90. Auditory hallucinations (hearing voices) occur in people with dissociative identity disorder (DID) and
those with psychotic disorders. How do these hallucinations in DID patients differ from those in patients
with psychotic disorders?
a. DID patients report that the voices are from familiar figures in their past, such as parents.
b. DID patients report that the voices are coming from outside their own heads.
c. DID patients report that the voices are coming from inside their own heads.
d. DID patients report that the voices frequently tell the patient to kill or harm others.
91. If left untreated, what course does dissociative identity disorder usually take across the life span?
a. Its form does not change substantially, but the frequency of switching increases with age.
The natures of the alter personalities change as the person ages, but the number of them stays
b.
about the same.
The number of alter personalities stays about the same, but the host personality becomes
c.
increasingly aggressive.
Its form does not change substantially, but the number of alter personalities increases
d.
substantially.
92. Craig suddenly notices that the world looks weird to him. Some objects look bigger than normal and
others look smaller. Cars passing by seem oddly shaped and people appear dead or mechanical. What is
Craig experiencing?
c. derealization
d. mania
93. Henry has illness anxiety disorder. What are his symptoms?
b. when he feels normal bodily sensations he interprets them as a sign of a serious illness
when he has a real physical illness it is exaggerated to the point where Henry can only focus on
c.
the pain
94. While driving alone in her car, Sally suddenly looks around and, for a moment, she can’t remember
where she is, how she arrived at this point on the road, or even why she is driving her car. What is Sally
experiencing?
a. neurotic distortion
b. derealization
c. depersonalization
95. Sue has dissociative identity disorder. What does she most likely also have?
a. depression
96. When interviewing 129 women with documented histories of childhood sexual abuse, what did
Williams (1994) find?
d. In some people it is distinct; in other people it is partially similar to the host personality.
98. What is the most common type of dissociative disorder in non-Western cultures?
a. dissociative amnesia
d. Depersonalization-derealization disorder
99. Both psychological and physical processes are involved in the perception of pain. Explain how this
makes the DSM 5 diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain particularly difficult
and partially subjective.
100. Describe the similarities and differences between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom
disorder.
101. Describe the treatment that is generally used to treat patients with dissociative identity disorder.
What is the rationale for each part of the treatment?
102. Discuss some of the ways in which it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between conversion
reactions, real physical disorders, and malingering (faking). Describe some of the ways that can help a
clinician make an accurate diagnosis.
103. Describe the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociative identity disorder.
How are the two disorders similar? How are they different?
104. Explain the current thinking regarding the environmental and psychological mechanisms in the
development of dissociative identity disorder.
105. Describe the differences and similarities between depersonalization and derealization.
106. Shannon brings an extremely long list of physical complaints, with which she is inordinately
preoccupied, to all of her frequent appointments with medical practitioners. However, extensive medical
examinations have shown no physical basis for these complaints. With which disorder would Shannon
likely be diagnosed? Provide at least three areas of functioning that therapy should address for the most
effective treatment of Shannon’s disorder. Include a rationale for each recommendation.
107. A 30-year-old woman “recovers” memories of childhood sexual abuse, the existence of which she
was previously unaware. Explain what is currently known about the accuracy of recovered memories.
Can we determine whether these memories are accurate?
108. Discuss the similarities and the differences between somatoform disorders and dissociative
disorders, as understood historically and also currently, in terms of psychological features.
Answer Key
1. a
2. c
3. d
4. c
5. c
6. a
7. c
8. d
9. b
10. c
11. d
12. c
13. d
14. b
15. b
16. d
17. b
18. c
19. d
20. c
21. b
22. a
23. b
24. d
25. b
26. a
27. b
28. b
29. d
30. b
31. c
32. c
33. d
34. a
35. d
36. d
37. a
38. a
39. a
40. b
41. d
42. c
43. c
44. b
45. a
46. c
47. b
48. b
49. a
50. b
51. c
52. a
53. c
54. b
55. b
56. c
57. c
58. d
59. c
60. c
61. a
62. b
63. d
64. b
65. b
66. b
67. a
68. a
69. a
70. b
71. a
72. d
73. d
74. a
75. d
76. c
77. a
78. d
79. d
80. b
81. b
82. d
83. c
84. c
85. c
86. b
87. a
88. b
89. c
90. c
91. a
92. c
93. b
94. c
95. b
96. a
97. d
98. b
99. Student responses will vary.
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Karen had a baby about ten months ago. Ever since, she has had a poor appetite and poor self-
esteem, been unable to sleep (even when the baby wasn’t waking her), and been unable to concentrate
for any length of time. What Karen is most likely experiencing?
b. postpartum depression
c. depression
d. postpartum psychosis
2. Last year, Debbie experienced a three-month period of depressed mood, feelings of worthlessness,
difficulty concentrating, recurrent thoughts of death, sleep difficulties, and loss of energy. Four weeks
ago, she began to experience the same severe symptoms. What is Debbie’s most likely diagnosis?
b. dysphoric mania
c. dysthymia, recurrent
3. Jason had cyclothymia and was not treated for it. He now has been diagnosed with another, more
serious disorder. What disorder is that most likely to be?
b. major depression
c. bipolar I disorder
5. Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive disorder. In the intervals between the
episodes, he does not seem to return to “normal.” In fact, during those periods, he has been diagnosed
as dysthymic. What condition does Jack most likely have?
a. bipolar disorder
b. atypical depression
c. dysfunctional dysthymia
d. double depression
6. Seligman and his colleagues conducted a course in which university students at risk for depression
were taught cognitive and social problem-solving skills. What criterion was used to determine whether
students in the study were at risk for depression?
7. If a person has symptoms of major depression, anxiety, or panic, what are you more likely to find in
their family than in the family of someone without depression, anxiety, or panic?
8. Four people have just experienced the death of a spouse. Which of them is most likely to have a
pathological grief reaction?
d. Diane, who had a highly conflicted relationship with her late husband
9. Mack almost always draws conclusions that emphasize the negative rather than the positive. What is
Mack exemplifying?
a. overgeneralization
b. learned helplessness
c. delta commentary
d. arbitrary inference
10. Which class of drugs includes the antidepressant medications known as imipramine (Tofranil) and
amitriptyline (Elavil)?
a. tricyclics
b. tranquilizers
c. MAO inhibitors
d. SSRIs
11. Although electroconvulsive therapy has been a controversial issue for decades, it is an effective
treatment for depression. In which of the following cases is it especially effective?
a. when patient response to antidepressant medication is poor
12. Prevalence rates for mood disorders in Canadian studies vary widely, from 4.1 percent in the Ontario
Health Survey to 10.3 percent and 11 percent in surveys in Toronto and Calgary, respectively. What is
epidemiologist psychiatrist Roger Bland’s explanation regarding these varying rates?
13. Which disorder puts adolescents at a higher risk for aggression, sexual promiscuity, and accidental
injury?
a. bipolar disorder
b. major depression
c. cyclothymia
d. dysthymia
14. Which herbal treatment has recently gained considerable interest as a treatment for depression?
a. milk thistle
c. gingko biloba
d. saw palmetto
15. Patient X has rapid cycling bipolar I disorder. Patient X is MOST likely:
a. an adolescent
b. male
c. elderly
d. female
16. Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the “permissive hypothesis.” What
does this hypothesis state?
The norepinephrine system regulates serotonin levels; if norepinephrine is low, depression will
a.
occur.
The absolute levels of neurotransmitters are more significant in mood regulation than the
b.
overall balance of the various neurotransmitters.
c. Low levels of serotonin are sufficient to explain the etiology of mood disorders.
When serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become dysregulated and
d.
contribute to mood irregularities.
17. Which of the following describes what is known regarding drug treatment for depression?
Drug treatments for mood disorders are effective for adults, but drug treatments are seldom
a.
effective with children.
b. Drug treatments that are effective for adults are equally effective for children.
Drug treatments for mood disorders that are effective for adults are even more effective for
c.
children.
Drug treatments for mood disorders are effective for adults but have sometimes caused sudden
d.
deaths in children.
18. Why does the Canadian National Population Health Survey suggest that men and women have
different rates of depression?
19. For several years now, 20-year-old Cynthia has been considered by her family and friends to be
moody, high-strung, explosive, or hyperactive, yet never out of control. What is Cynthia’s most likely
diagnosis?
a. cyclothymia
b. mania
d. dysthymia
20. About 10 percent of major depression episodes last as long as two years; however, most are time-
limited. Approximately how long do they usually last?
a. three months
b. six months
c. nine months
d. one year
21. Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. Which of the following can we expect her to experience?
c. She will experience hypomanic episodes alternating with mild depressive symptoms.
23. Angela belongs to an online support group for mothers with postpartum depression. Recently, ten
mothers in the group have had their second child. How many of the mothers are likely to experience
postpartum depression following these new births?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 5
d. 8
24. Jackie has depression and is having a particularly hard time with anhedonia. What does this mean?
25. One symptom of depression is an increase in sleeping. What other symptoms related to sleep occur
in depression?
Patients may benefit from both rapid drug action and the psychosocial protection against
a.
recurrence or relapse.
Depressed patients can usually stop taking their antidepressant medication after several
b.
sessions of psychosocial treatment.
The same psychologist can provide the psychosocial therapy and prescribe the necessary
c.
medication.
The therapeutic effects of medication are gradual, allowing the patient to learn coping skills
d.
while the drugs begin working.
27. How do depressive disorder, recurrent and major depressive disorder, and a single episode of
depression differ?
a. They differ in terms of gender prevalence; more males have the recurrent episode type.
b. They differ in terms of gender prevalence; more females have the single episode type.
28. Wendy usually says, “It’s all my fault,” when anything goes wrong. Which dimension of the
depressive attributional style is she reflecting?
a. hopeless
b. global
c. stable
d. internal
29. Mike has bipolar I disorder. Which of the following medications has most likely been prescribed for
him?
a. an anticonvulsant
b. lithium
c. Prozac
30. Which of the following is NOT an important reason for identifying the pattern of mood disorder
known as “double depression”?
31. If Sarah has a low level of serotonin in her system, will she show symptoms of depression?
b. She will only if the levels are low compared to other neurotransmitters.
32. Which of the following is NOT a goal achieved by psychosocial treatments used for bipolar disorder?
33. David is with his sister Debbie, who is having a hypomanic episode. He is trying to estimate how
many days he will need to take off work to stay with Debbie, what estimate would you give him?
a. two days
four days
b. c!. six days
d! twelve days
34. Andrew has been diagnosed with mania. Which of the following symptoms might Andrew be
exhibiting?
a. grandiosity
b. visual hallucinations
c. hypersomnia
d. hypoactive behaviour
35. Although glorifying and romanticizing suicide in the media contributes to copycat suicides, which of
the following is more likely?
b. that the person copying the suicide is doing it as a cry for help
c. that the person copying the suicide is not really serious about the suicide attempt
d. that the person copying the suicide is vulnerable due to an existing psychological disorder
a. Abe, who alternates between depression and hypomania every three months
Ben, who seems to be either depressed or manic but neither his depression nor his manic meet
b.
the clinical criteria for a disorder
Claire, who alternates between depression and mania with a month of neutral mood in
c.
between
d. Diane, who alternates between manic and hypomanic states at irregular intervals
37. Sima experiences dysphoric mania. What type of manic episodes will Sima experience?
38. Consider Aaron Beck’s depressive cognitive triad. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors
that individuals think negatively about?
a. their future
b. their past
c. themselves
39. Which of the following is NOT typically involved in therapeutic approaches used to help the
bereaved?
40. A student who has been doing very well in class receives a minor critical comment on an essay she
wrote. The student thinks, “This is terrible. I’m probably going to fail the course.” What is this type of
cognitive error in thinking?
a. overgeneralization
b. dissociating
c. splitting
d. arbitrary inference
41. Ambrose has just been prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Which of the
following medications may have been prescribed to Ambrose?
a. Prozac
b. hypericum
c. Thorazine
d. Valium
42. Sarah has major depressive disorder, and her doctor says that she is the average age for someone
with major depression. How old is Sarah most likely to be?
a. 15 years old
b. 25 years old
c. 35 years old
d. 45 years old
44. What do we call the phenomenon where individuals who are biologically vulnerable to depression
have a tendency to place themselves in high-risk, stressful environments?
a. humoral theory
b. the cognitive-behavioural model
45. Reports in the 1990s suggested that the use of Prozac might lead to suicidal preoccupations,
paranoid reactions, and occasionally, violence. According to your textbook, what do more recent
findings suggest?
c. They indicate that the risks of suicide are no greater than with any other antidepressant.
d. They show that Prozac is associated with far less risk of suicide than other antidepressants.
46. According to the text, the average length of a major depressive episode if left untreated is:
a. 5 months
b. 7 months
c. 9 months
d. 12 months
47. Kelly has just been prescribed a tricyclic antidepressant for her depression. When can she expect to
start feeling benefits from the medication?
a. immediately
b. within 24 hours
a. sexual dysfunction
b. insomnia
c. excessive urination
d. weight loss
49. Anne has major depression and her friend Gail is experiencing mania. Both are refusing drug
treatment. If both Anne and Gail began feeling symptoms on the same day, what can you predict about
when the symptoms will end?
c. Anne’s and Gail’s symptoms will end around the same time.
When untreated, the duration of both depression and mania is highly variable so a prediction
d.
cannot be made.
50. Which of the following is NOT an associated characteristic of early onset of dysthymia (before age
21)?
a. greater chronicity
b. genetic influence
c. better prognosis
51. Marieke has dysthymic disorder while Jackie has major depressive disorder. How will the experiences
of the two women differ?
52. Why is the antidepressant medication lithium also referred to as a mood stabilizer?
a. because it increases the availability of both dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain
53. It can be difficult to diagnose depression in older adults because the presentation of mood disorders
is often complicated by another variable. What is that variable?
a. substance abuse
b. symptoms of menopause
family members who are unwilling to admit there are psychological problems in their elderly
d.
relatives
54. Ms. Barr experienced the death of a close friend three months ago. She is so depressed that she has
no appetite or energy, and she is suicidal. What would most mental health professionals conclude that
Ms. Barr is experiencing?
a. a depressive episode that is unrelated to the loss, because it has been three months
d. a grief reaction that is considered within normal limits unless she actually attempts suicide
55. Bipolar II disorder is characterized by major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic
episodes, while bipolar I disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of major depression and
another symptom. What is the other symptom?
a. dysthymia
b. mania
c. cyclothymic disorder
d. periods of remission
56. The best evidence that genes have something to do with mood disorders comes from twin studies.
The concordance rates of identical twins are compared with those of fraternal twins. What have studies
shown the concordance rates in mood disorders are associated with?
a. age at first episode; the higher the age of onset, the higher the concordance rate
severity; if one twin has had three or more major depressive episodes, the chances of his or her
b.
twin presenting with a mood disorder is greater
c. age at first episode; the lower the age of onset, the higher the concordance rate
response to treatment; if one twin responded poorly to treatment, the chances of his or her
d.
twin presenting with a mood disorder is greater
57. Victoria has had a history of depressive episodes in the past. Recently, her mother died. What would
you predict about Victoria?
a. Victoria’s past clinical history is unrelated to the development of an abnormal grief reaction.
Victoria would be more likely to develop a pathological grief reaction than someone without a
b.
past history of depression.
If Victoria had a lot of repressed anger toward her mother, she is more likely to develop an
c.
abnormal grief reaction.
Victoria would have a grief reaction that is considered within normal limits unless she had
d.
previously attempted suicide.
58. When is the rapid-cycling specifier added to the diagnosis of bipolar disorder?
a. when the patient has had at least two episodes within a year
b. when the patient has had at least four episodes within a year
c. when the patient has had at least six episodes within a year
d. when the patient has had at least eight episodes within a year
59. Recent research suggests that it might be possible to “psychologically immunize” at-risk children
against depression. What intervention was provided to form the basis of this position?
a. Children who were at risk for depression were given art therapy before they entered puberty.
Children who were at risk for depression were given family counselling before they entered
b.
puberty.
Children who were at risk for depression were taught cognitive and social problem-solving skills
c.
before they entered puberty.
Children who were at risk for depression were treated with psychoanalytic therapy before they
d.
entered puberty.
60. What was one step taken in Canada that was associated with long-lasting reductions in suicide rates?
61. Research has found that low levels of a neurotransmitter may be related to increased risk of
suicide. What is that neurotransmitter?
a. serotonin
b. norepinephrine
c. adrenalin
d. GABA
62. Jerry experienced a manic episode six months ago, which was followed by a major depressive
episode. What would he most likely be diagnosed with?
a. cyclothymic disorder
c. bipolar II disorder
d. bipolar I disorder
63. Kathy informed her doctor that she has had three major depressive episodes, which were separated
by a two-month period when she did not feel depressed. What is Kathy’s most likely diagnosis?
a. dysthymic disorder
d. double depression
64. When referring to the mood disorders, which of the following terms would family most likely use to
describe cyclothymia?
a. moody
b. depressing
c. hyperactive
d. focused
65. In severe cases of depression in which the episode lasts five years or longer, approximately what
percentage of patients can be expected to recover?
a. 18 percent
b. 38 percent
c. 53 percent
d. 98 percent
66. In 1989, Abramson and his colleagues revised Seligman’s theory of learned helplessness, which had
focused on specific attributions as the crucial factor in depression. What did Abramson and his
colleagues change the focus to?
a. repressed anger
b. lack of control
c. a sense of hopelessness
d. a feeling of failure
67. Which of the following puts you at the greatest risk for committing suicide if you are an Inuit in
Nunavik?
a. being male
c. being female
68. Which of the following behaviours is NOT likely to lead to hospitalization for mania?
d. violent behaviour
69. Jenny has experienced long-standing feelings of depression. During the past 20 days, she has
experienced a depressed mood, feelings of emptiness, and significant weight loss. Jenny confided in a
neighbour that she is considering suicide. What is Jenny MOST likely suffering from?
d. cyclothymia
70. Dr. Thompson is observing Reid’s behaviour and notes that Reid is displaying a “flight of ideas”. What
does Dr. Thompson mean when she uses this phrase?
b. inability to concentrate
71. Where does a great deal of what we know about the risk factors for suicide come from?
a. clinical experience
b. psychological autopsies
c. neurochemical analyses
72. Dr. Klein studies suicide and is interested in cultural and gender differences in suicide rates. She is
collaborating with a researcher from a country where suicide rates are higher for women than for men.
Where is her colleague from?
a. China
b. Canada
d. Taiwan
73. According to Martin Seligman, people become anxious and depressed because they believe that
they have no control over the stress in their lives. Which model of depression is this?
a. learned helplessness theory
b. control theory
d. cognitive-behavioural theory
74. In their study of individuals who experienced a marital separation or divorce, but who had no
previous history of severe depression, what did Bruce and Kim (1992) find?
c. an approximately equal and a significant rate of depression for males and females
75. Hannah and Greg are the same age and were both laid off from their jobs recently. What can you
predict about the likelihood of each of them developing depression?
Whether Hannah or Greg is more likely to develop depression will depend entirely on their
d.
genetic makeup.
78. Allison’s family has been told Allison has the most severe form of depression. What disorder has
Allison been diagnosed with?
a. cyclothymia
b. dysthymia
c. profound depression
79. Which personality disorder is impulsive suicidal behaviour often a symptom of?
80. It has been ten days since Diana’s mother died. Diana doesn’t eat, she has lost interest in her usual
activities, and she takes no pleasure in anything she does. All she can do is think about the past and wish
she could be with her mother. What is Diana suffering from?
b. pathological grief
c. complicated grief
d. pathological grief reaction
81. Thirty-five-year-old Rick recently formulated an elaborate plan to cure AIDS with vitamin therapy. To
provide funding, he withdrew all his money from his bank and purchased thousands of jars of vitamins
and small boxes to put them in. When he appeared at a hospital emergency room loudly demanding
names of patients with AIDS, Rick was hospitalized for psychiatric observation. What is Rick’s most likely
diagnosis?
a. hypomanic episode
b. schizophrenic mania
c. depressive psychosis
d. manic episode
82. Although the mood-stabilizing drug lithium is the preferred treatment for bipolar disorder, patient
compliance has been a problem. Why do patients often stop taking their lithium, even though it is
effective in stabilizing their moods?
b. They cannot organize their daily routine and forget their medication.
83. According to recent research on the development of depression, what type of vulnerability to
depression do dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and hopelessness attributions (explaining
things negatively) constitute?
a. cognitive vulnerability
b. biological vulnerability
c. sociological vulnerability
d. behavioural vulnerability
84. Despite having many successes, which of the following people struggles with depression but is
determined to decrease the high rates of suicide among young people in many Canadian Aboriginal
communities?
a. Sarah McLachlan
b. Zindel Segal
c. James Bartleman
d. Margaret Trudeau
85. In a randomly assigned, controlled study, previously suicidal, hospitalized young adults were helped
to develop social competence and more adaptive coping skills, and to recognize the emotional triggers
that precipitate suicide attempts. A two-year follow-up indicated continued reductions in suicidal
ideation and behaviour. What is the significance of this study?
It has been expanded into the first empirically supported psychological treatment for suicidal
a.
behaviour.
c. None of the patients committed suicide after the study was completed.
d. It is the first psychological treatment for suicidal behaviour in which medication was not used.
d. They both result in similar side effects including increased sex drive and loss of appetite.
87. A friend states he is mildly depressed but he’s not sure, and he asks if there is any kind of laboratory
test that could determine whether or not someone is depressed. What would you tell him?
Cortisol levels are decreased in depression; he could have his cortisol levels checked by a blood
a.
test.
88. Dr. Hammond is frustrated because he is having the same problem with the medical treatment he
has prescribed for three different patients with bipolar disorder. What is the most likely source of Dr.
Hammond’s frustration?
a. His patients are taking too much medication during a severe manic state.
b. His patients are stopping the medical treatment and becoming depressed.
c. His patients are having problems with addiction to the medication while in a manic state.
d. His patients often stop taking the medication in order to bring on a manic state.
a. anhedonia
b. hyposensitivity
c. irritability
d. decreased energy
90. Jamie is six years old and has been diagnosed with dysthymic disorder. What disorder is Jamie highly
likely to develop as he gets older?
a. cyclothymia
b. mania
d. bipolar disorder
91. Which of the following was dropped as an exclusion for a diagnosis of depression when the DSM 5
was published?
92. Liz is in a very downcast mood. She has lost weight, has no appetite, and is constantly fatigued. She
has lost interest in most of her regular activities and hobbies, and they no longer give her any joy. She
seems indifferent to her family and friends and has recurrent thoughts of suicide. What does Liz appear
to be suffering from?
a. bipolar disorder
b. dysthymia disorder
c. cyclothymia disorder
93. At what age is the gender difference in the prevalence of depression the greatest?
a. childhood
b. adolescence
c. middle adulthood
d. old age
94. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) helps depressed patients resolve relationship problems. Which of
the following issues is NOT a likely focus of IPT?
c. marital conflict
d. problems in past relationships
95. Isaac has bipolar I disorder and does not take medication. He has just started a manic episode. How
long will the episode likely last?
96. There is some evidence to suggest that many famous creative people have suffered from bipolar
disorders. What has this finding led Richards and colleagues (1988) to speculate?
Creative endeavours may create sufficient stress such that they contribute to the development
c.
of mood disorders.
97. Hannah has just been diagnosed with depression. How long is her depressive episode likely to last?
a. three months
b. nine months
c. two years
98. According to several studies, which of the following has been found to show a strong association
with depression in women?
a. a tendency to engage in activities that take their minds off negative feelings
b. a history of childhood sexual abuse
d. brain damage
99. Jeremy has just been diagnosed with rapid-cycling manic-depressive episodes. How many manic
episodes must Jeremy have had in the past year??
a. at least two
b. at least four
c. at least six
d. at least ten
100. Explain the differences between mania and hypomania in terms of symptoms and severity.
101. Compare and contrast the clinical symptoms of major depression and mania. Explain what is meant
by dysphoric (or mixed) mania.
102. Compare the symptoms, frequency, and treatment of depression in children/adolescents and the
elderly, as it compares to depression in young and middle-aged adults.
103. Explain the neurobiological basis of depression. Describe the role of specific neurotransmitters
implicated in mood disorders.
104. Explain how a grief reaction can become a pathological disorder. Describe the psychological and
social factors that predict who will develop a pathological grief reaction.
105. Explain the differences between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder, referring to the nature of
episodes associated with each.
106. Explain Aaron Beck’s cognitive theory of depression. What is the “cognitive triad”? Give examples of
the different types of cognitive errors.
107. Discuss the pattern of gender differences in the various mood disorders. Explain some of the
proposed psychosocial theories of gender differences in depression.
108. Compare and contrast dysthymia and cyclothymia, and explain how each differs from either major
depression or bipolar disorder. Explain what is meant by “double depression.”
109. Describe several of the medical and psychological treatments for depression. Compare the
treatments in terms of effectiveness.
110. Discuss the relationship between suicide and psychological disorders such as depression, substance
abuse, and personality disorders. Describe the significance of stressful life events in suicidal behaviour.
Answer Key
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. c
5. d
6. c
7. c
8. b
9. d
10. a
11. a
12. a
13. a
14. b
15. d
16. d
17. d
18. d
19. a
20. c
21. a
22. d
23. c
24. c
25. a
26. a
27. d
28. d
29. b
30. c
31. b
32. d
33. b
34. a
35. d
36. b
37. d
38. b
39. c
40. a
41. a
42. b
43. b
44. d
45. c
46. c
47. c
48. a
49. b
50. c
51. b
52. c
53. c
54. c
55. b
56. b
57. b
58. b
59. c
60. a
61. a
62. d
63. c
64. a
65. b
66. c
67. a
68. b
69. c
70. d
71. b
72. a
73. a
74. a
75. b
76. a
77. a
78. d
79. a
80. c
81. d
82. d
83. a
84. c
85. a
86. a
87. b
88. d
89. c
90. c
91. d
92. d
93. b
94. d
95. c
96. b
97. b
98. b
99. b