Resident Evil

Resident Evil, known in Japan as Biohazard,[a] is a media franchise created by

Resident Evil
Shinji Mikami and Tokuro Fujiwara[1][2] and owned by the Japanese video
game company Capcom. The franchise focuses on a series of survival horror
games and includes live-action films, animated films, comic books, novels,
audio dramas, and merchandise. The story follows outbreaks of zombies and
other monsters created mainly by theUmbrella Corporation.
Genre(s) Survival horror
The first Resident Evil was released in 1996, taking place in a mansion overrun Third-person shooter
with zombies. The franchise has grown to encompass numerous sequels of First-person shooter
various genres, incorporating elements of action, exploration, and puzzle Developer(s) Capcom
solving, and storylines inspired by horror and action films. Resident Evil is Publisher(s) Capcom
Capcom's best-selling video game franchise, with over 90 million units sold
Creator(s) Shinji Mikami
worldwide as of January 28, 2019.
Tokuro Fujiwara
Platform(s) List

First release Resident Evil

Contents March 22, 1996
History Latest release Resident Evil 2
Story January 25, 2019
The Arklay Mountain and Raccoon City incidents
Post-Raccoon City
Related games and other media
Gameplay
Media
Comics
Films
Live-action films
Animated films
Merchandise
Novels
Reception
See also
References
External links

History
The development of the firstResident Evil began in 1993 when Tokuro Fujiwara conceived it as a remake of his earlier 1989 Capcom
horror game Sweet Home when the project was led by Shinji Mikami.[3][4] When in late 1994 marketing executives were setting up
to bring the game to the United States, it was pointed out that a DOS game had been recently registered under that name, so a contest
was held among company personnel to choose a new name; this competition turned up Resident Evil, the name currently known in
the west.[5] Resident Evil made its debut on thePlayStation in 1996 and was later ported to theSega Saturn.
The first entry in the series was the first game to ever be dubbed a Timeline of release years
"survival horror", a term coined for the new genre it initiated,[6] and its 1996 Resident Evil
critical and commercial success[7] led to the production of two sequels, 1997
Resident Evil 2 in 1998 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis in 1999, both for 1998 Resident Evil 2
the PlayStation. A port of Resident Evil 2 was released for the Nintendo 1999 Resident Evil 3: Nemesis
64. In addition, ports of all three were released for Microsoft Windows. Resident Evil Survivor
2000
The fourth game in the series, Resident Evil – Code: Veronica, was Resident Evil – Code: V eronica
developed for the Dreamcast and released in 2000, followed by ports of 2001 Resident Evil Gaiden
Resident Evil Survivor 2 – Code: V eronica
Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3. Resident Evil Code: Veronica was
2002 Resident Evil (remake)
later re-released for Dreamcast in Japan in an updated form as Code: Resident Evil Zero
Veronica Complete, which included slight changes, many of which Resident Evil: Dead Aim
2003
revolved around story cutscenes. This updated version was later ported Resident Evil Outbreak
to the PlayStation 2 and GameCube under the title Code: Veronica X. 2004 Resident Evil Outbreak: File #2
2005 Resident Evil 4
Despite earlier announcements that the next game in the series would be 2006
released for the PlayStation 2, which resulted in the creation of an 2007 Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles
unrelated game titled Devil May Cry, series' creator and producer Shinji
2008
Mikami decided to make the series exclusively for the GameCube.[8]
2009 Resident Evil 5
The next three games in the series—a remake of the original Resident Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles
Evil and the prequel Resident Evil Zero, both released in 2002, as well 2010
as Resident Evil 4—were all released initially as GameCube exclusives. 2011 Resident Evil: The Mercenaries 3D
Resident Evil 4 was later released for Windows, PlayStation 2 and Wii Resident Evil: Revelations
(as well as downloadable HD versions for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 2012 Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City
Resident Evil 6
360, which were released in tandem with an HD port of Resident Evil:
2013
Code Veronica X). In addition, the GameCube received ports of the
2014
previous Resident Evil sequels. Despite this exclusivity agreement
2015 Resident Evil: Revelations 2
between Capcom and Nintendo, Capcom released several Resident Evil
titles for the PlayStation 2 that were not considered direct sequels. 2016 Umbrella Corps
2017 Resident Evil 7: Biohazard
A trilogy of GunCon-compatible light gun games known as the Gun 2018
Survivor series featured first-person gameplay. The first, Resident Evil 2019 Resident Evil 2 (remake)
Survivor, was released in 2000 for the PlayStation and PC but received
mediocre reviews.[9] The subsequent games,Resident Evil: Survivor 2 Code: Veronica and Resident Evil: Dead Aim, fared somewhat
better.[10] Dead Aim is the fourth Gun Survivor game in Japan, with Gun Survivor 3 being the Dino Crisis spin-off Dino Stalker. In a
similar vein, the Chronicles series features first-person gameplay, albeit on an on-rails path. Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles
was released in 2007 for the Wii, with a follow-up, Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles released in 2009 (both were later ported
to the PlayStation 3 in 2012).[11]

Resident Evil Outbreak is an online game for the PlayStation 2, released in 2003, depicting a series of episodic storylines in Raccoon
City set during the same time period as Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3. It was the first in the series and the first survival horror
title to feature cooperative gameplay and online multiplayer support.[12][13] It was followed by a sequel, Resident Evil Outbreak File
#2. Raccoon City is a metropolis located in the Arklay Mountains of the Midwestern United States that succumbed to the deadly T-
virus outbreak and was consequently destroyed via a nuclear missile attack issued by the United States government. The town served
a critical junction for the series' progression as one of the main catalysts to Umbrella's downfall as well as the entry point for some of
the series' most notable characters.

Resident Evil Gaiden is an action-adventure game for the Game Boy Color featuring a role-playing-style combat system. There have
been several downloadablemobile games based on the Resident Evil series in Japan. Some of these mobile games have been released
in North America and Europe through T-Mobile. At the Sony press conference during E3 2009, it was announced that Resident Evil
Portable would be released for the PlayStation Portable,[14][15][16] described as an all-new title being developed with "the PSP Go in
mind" and "totally different for a Resident Evil game". However, as of 2012, no further announcements have been made, and the
game is considered to have been canceled.[17][18]

In March 2011, Capcom revealed the third-person shooter Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, which was developed by Slant Six
Games for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows and released in March 2012. A survival horror game for the
Nintendo 3DS, Resident Evil: Revelations, was released in February 2012.[19] In October of the same year, the next numbered entry
in the main series, Resident Evil 6, was released to mixed reviews,[20] but enthusiastic pre-order sales.[21]

In 2013, producer Masachika Kawata said the Resident Evil franchise would return to focus on elements of horror and suspense over
action, adding, "Survival horror as a genre is never going to be on the same level, financially, as shooters and much more popular,
mainstream games. At the same time, I think we need to have the confidence to put money behind these projects, and it doesn't mean
we can't focus on what we need to do as a survival horror game to meet fan's needs."[22] Resident Evil: Revelations 2, an episodic
game set between Resident Evil 5 and Resident Evil 6, was released in March 2015. A team-based multiplayer game set in the series's
universe, Umbrella Corps, was released in June 2016.[23]

In August 2015, Capcom announced that a full remake of Resident Evil 2 was in development.[24] Going almost three years with no
updates on its development, a trailer and gameplay footage were shown at E3 2018, along with a worldwide release date of January
25, 2019.[25][26] Releasing for the PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One, the remake uses the RE Engine, which was also used for
Resident Evil 7.[27]

Resident Evil 7: Biohazard was released for Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in January 2017.[28][29] Set in a dilapidated
mansion in Louisiana, the game uses a first-person perspectiveand returns to the series' survival horror roots.[30][31] Unlike Resident
[32][33]
Evil 5 and Resident Evil 6, the gameplay emphasizes horror and exploration over action.

Story
The main storyline of the games primarily concerns a group of individuals who battle against the Umbrella Corporation as well as
characters in relation to them who have developed the T-virus which, among other things, can transform humans into zombies as well
as mutate other creatures into horrifying monsters.

The Arklay Mountain and Raccoon City incidents

The plot lines of the main installments up to the third game all concern the T-virus outbreak in the Arklay Mountains and its
spreading to nearby Raccoon City.

1996's Resident Evil for the PlayStation follows protagonists Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine, who become trapped in a mansion in
the mountains, trying to search for the survivors of the Bravo team of the special police unit S.T.A.R.S. They discover that the
mansion conceals the Umbrella Corporation's base where they developed the T-virus with their end-goal being the creation of a bio-
weapon known as the Tyrant (for whom the virus named). Playing as either of the characters, the player must navigate the mansion
alternately with the help of Barry Burton or Rebecca Chambers until they are betrayed by Albert Wesker who was secretly planning
to steal the T-virus. Though appearing to be killed by the Tyrant, Wesker survived and masterminded some later events behind the
scenes.

Resident Evil Zero, a prequel released originally for the GameCube, details the events leading up to the first game and follows
Rebecca Chambers as she is separated from the Bravo team and has to team up with fugitive
Billy Coen.

Resident Evil 2 follows a few months after the events of the first game when rats start infecting the population of Raccoon City with
the T-virus. Playing alternately as Claire Redfield, the sister of Chris from the first game, or Leon S. Kennedy, a rookie police officer
starting on the day of the outbreak. The players must escape from the city while at the same time confronting the mad scientist
William Birkin. The same plot is repeated with minor differences in the 2019 remake.
Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, set both before and after the events of the second game, follows Jill Valentine's escape from Raccoon City
while being pursued by another Umbrella bio-weapon, the Nemesis-T ype.
T The plot concludes with the sterilization of Raccoon City
by a nuclear strike.

Post-Raccoon City
Resident Evil – Code: Veronica follows Claire's journey after escaping Raccoon City. She is captured trying to break into Umbrella's
Paris facility and transported to one of their research facilities. The facility is attacked by Albert Wesker's forces and becomes also
overrun with the T-virus. Claire escapes and starts looking for her brother Chris while having to deal with Alfred and Alexia Ashford.
Unbeknownst to her, Chris finds his way to the island and tracks Claire to the Arctic Umbrella facility. At the game's finale, Chris
defeats the genetically-modified Alexia, faces off against Wesker and escapes with Claire.

Resident Evil 4 follows Leon Kennedy's mission to rescue the daughter of the president of the United States, who has been captured
by a Spanish Cult led by Osmund Saddler, the Illuminados. Instead of T-virus infected zombies, Leon faces off against villagers
infected with the Las Plagas parasite, which makes them unyieldingly murderous but also maintains their dexterity and mobility,
unlike the slow, shambling undead.

Resident Evil 5 concerns Chris Redfield's attempts to stop the selling of illegal bio-weapons in Africa, helped by Sheva Alomar. The
plot eventually involves Albert Wesker's plans to destroy humanity with a viral agent based on the Progenitor Virus and T-virus
Antibodies called Uroboros.

Resident Evil 6 follows multiple protagonists, including Leon Kennedy, Chris Redfield, Ada Wong and Jake Muller, who become
involved in a terrorist strike using bio-weapons which results in the zombification of the President of the United States. The story
involves a new fast-acting zombie virus called the C-virus which has been weaponized by the NSA to induce fear in the general
populace and focuses on the individual characters' attempts to stop it from spreading.

Resident Evil 7: Biohazard puts players into the shoes of an ordinary man namedEthan Winters who wants to locate his missing wife,
Mia, and has to defend himself against a strange family inside their seemingly abandoned house. The game is the first main entry to
be entirely shown in afirst person view which is new to the primary series (although some of the previous spin-of
f games utilized this
viewpoint) and unlike the recent sequels, the game focuses more on what survival horror gaming was like prior to the action style
route undertaken afterResident Evil 4 and similar games, by having the player needing to evade the enemies more often, though there
are still boss battles and puzzles to solve. Later, Capcom unveiled downloadable content chapters: Not a Hero, which focuses on fast-
paced action, with the returning Chris Redfield, andEnd of Zoe, with a more horror tone which focuses on the ill-fated Zoe Baker
.

Related games and other media

Several other games follow the escapades of singular characters.

The plots of the animatedResident Evil films, Resident Evil: Degeneration, Resident Evil: Damnationand Resident Evil: Vendetta are
set between the events of the major installments.

Gameplay
The Resident Evil franchise has had a variety of control schemes and gameplay mechanics throughout its history. The first game
introduced tank controls to the series. In a game with tank controls, players control movement relative to the position of the player
character.[34] Pressing up (for example on a D-pad, analog stick, or cursor movement keys) on the game controller moves the
character in the direction they face, down reverses them, and left and right rotates them.[34] This differs from many 3D games, in
which characters move in the direction players push from the perspective of the camera.[34] Some critics have posited that the control
scheme is intentionally clumsy, meant to enhance stress and exacerbate difficulty.[35]
The original game and its sequel featured this tank control scheme, and it wasn't until the third entry, Resident Evil 3: Nemesis that
more action oriented controls were introduced. Namely, the third game included a 180 degree turn and dodge command that,
[35]
according to GameSpot, "hinted at a new direction that the series would go in."

Resident Evil 4 introduced a third-person perspective and more action-oriented gameplay and mechanics. Some critics claimed that
this overhauled control scheme "made the game less scary."[35] The next two games in the franchise furthered the action-oriented
mechanics: Resident Evil 5 featured cooperative play, while Resident Evil 6 allowed players to move while aiming and shooting.[35]
Resident Evil 7 is the first main Resident Evil game to use a first-person perspective and to use virtual reality. It drew comparisons to
modern survival horror games such asOutlast and Slender: The Eight Pages.[35]

[36]
Puzzle-solving has also figured prominently throughout the series.

Media
The Resident Evil franchise features video games and tie-in merchandise and products, including various films, comic books, and
novels.

Comics
In 1997, Marvel Comics published a single-issue prologue comic based on the original Resident Evil, released through a promotional
giveaway alongside the original PlayStation game.

In 1998, WildStorm began producing a monthly comic book series based on the first two games, titled Resident Evil: The Official
Comic Magazine, which lasted five issues. The first four issues were published by Image, while the fifth and final issue was
published by Wildstorm themselves. Each issue was a compilation of short stories that were both adaptations of events from the
games, as well as related side-stories. Like the Perry novels, the comics also explored events occurring beyond Resident Evil 2 (the
latest game during the series' publication) and thus were contradicted by later games. Wildstorm also published a four-issue
miniseries titled Resident Evil: Fire & Ice, which depicted the ordeal of Charlie Team, a third STARS team created specifically for
the comic. In 2009, Wildstorm reprinted Fire & Ice in a trade paperback collection.[37]

In Hong Kong, there has been officially licensed Biohazard manhua adaptations of Biohazard 3 and Code: Veronica by Lee Chung
Hing. The latter was translated into English and published by W
ildstorm as a series of four graphicnovel collections.

In 2009, Wildstorm began publishing a comic book prequel to Resident Evil 5, simply titled Resident Evil, which centers around two
original members of the BSAA named Mina Gere and Holiday Sugarman. Written by Ricardo Sanchez and illustrated by Kevin
Sharpe and Jim Clark, the first issue was published on March 11, 2009. On November 11, 2009, the third issue was released and the
1.[38]
fourth was released March 24, 2010. The sixth and final book was finally published in February 201

Films

Live-action films
Six live-action Resident Evil films have been produced, all written and produced by
Paul W. S. Anderson. These films do not follow the games' premise but feature some
game characters. The series' protagonist is Alice, an original character created for
these films. Despite a negative reaction from critics, the live-action film series has
The live-action film version of the
made over $1 billion worldwide.[39] They are, to date, the only video game
logo
adaptations to increase the amount of money made with each successive film.[40]
The series holds the record for the "Most Live-Action Film Adaptations of a Video
Game" in the 2012 Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition, which also described it as "the most successful movie series to be
based on a video game."[13]
Animated films
Four computer animated horror films based on the Resident Evil franchise were produced.[41][42][43] Starring in these movies is Leon
Kennedy, Claire Redfield, and Ada Wong, as well as original characters new to the canon. The four films are Biohazard 4D-Executer
(2000), Resident Evil: Degeneration(2008), Resident Evil: Damnation(2012), and Resident Evil: Vendetta (2017).

Merchandise
Over the years, various toy companies have acquired the Resident Evil license with
each producing their own unique line of Resident Evil action figures or models.[44]
These include, but not limited to,Toy Biz, Palisades Toys, NECA, and Hot Toys.

Tokyo Marui also produced replicas of the guns used in the Resident Evil series in
the form of gas blow-back airsoft guns. Some models included the STARS Beretta
featured in Resident Evil 3, and the Desert Eagle in a limited edition that came with
other memorabilia in a wooden case, along with the Gold Lugers from Code:
Resident Evil theme restaurant
Veronica and the "Samurai Edge" pistol from the Resident Evil remake. Other
merchandise includes an energy drink called "T-virus Antidote".

Resident Evil Archives is a reference guide of theResident Evil series written by staff
members of Capcom. It was translated into English and published by BradyGames.
The guide describes and summarizes all of the key events that occur in Resident Evil
Zero, Resident Evil, Resident Evil 2, Resident Evil 3, and Code: Veronica. Along
with the main plot analysis, it also contains character relationship charts, artwork,
item descriptions and file transcripts for all five games.A second Archives book was
later released in December 2011 and covers Resident Evil 4, Resident Evil 5, the new
scenarios detailed in Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles and Resident Evil: The
An example of the cultural impact of
Darkside Chronicles, and the 2008 CGI movie, Resident Evil: Degeneration. The
the Resident Evil series on popular
second Archives volume was also translated by Capcom and published by
culture.
BradyGames.

A Resident Evil theme restaurant called Biohazard Cafe & Grill S.T.A.R.S. opened
in Tokyo in 2012.[45] Halloween Horror Nights 2013, held at Universal Orlando, featured a haunted house titled Resident Evil:
Escape from Raccoon City, based on Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis.[46]

Novels
The earliest Resident Evil novel was Hiroyuki Ariga's novella Biohazard: The Beginning published in 1997 as a portion of the book
The True Story of Biohazard, which was given away as a pre-order bonus with the Saturn version of Biohazard. The story serves as a
prelude to the events of the original Resident Evil, in which Chris investigates the disappearance of his missing friend, Billy
Rabbitson.

S. D. Perry has written novelizations of the first five games, as well as two original novels taking place between games. The novels
often took liberties with the plot of the games by exploring events occurring outside and beyond the games. This often meant that the
novels would later be contradicted by the games and, on a few occasions, themselves.[47] One notable addition from the novels is the
original character Trent, who often served as a mysterious behind-the-scenes string-puller who aided the main characters. Perry's
novels were translated and released in Japan with new cover arts by Wolfina.[48] Perry's novels, particularly The Umbrella
Conspiracy, also alluded to events in Biohazard: The Beginning, such as the disappearance of Billy Rabbitson and Brian Irons' bid to
run for Mayor. A reprinting of Perry's novels with new cover artwork began in 2012 to coincide with the release of Resident Evil:
Retribution and its respective novelization.
There was also a trilogy of original Biohazard novels in Japan. Hokkai no Yōjū (北海の妖獣, lit. "The Strange Beast of the North
Sea") was published in 1998 and was written by Kyū Asakura and the staff of Flagship. Two additional novels were published in
2002, To the Liberty by Suien Kimura and Rose Blank by Tadashi Aizawa. While no official English translation of these novels has
been published yet, the last two books were translated into German and published in 2006.

Novelizations of four of the five films; Genesis, Apocalypse, Extinction, and Retribution, were written by Keith DeCandido, while
Retribution was written by John Shirley, though Afterlife did not receive a novelization. The Genesis novel was published over two
years after that film's release while the Extinction novel was released in late July 2007, two months before the film's release. There
was also a Japanese novelization of the first film, unrelated to DeCandido's version, written by Osamu Makino. Makino also wrote
two novels based on the game Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles. The books are a two-part direct novelization of the game and
have been published in Japanese and German only. The first novel which was titled Biohazard: The Umbrella Chronicles Side A in
Japan and Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles 1 in Germany was released on December 22, 2007. The second novel which was
titled Biohazard: The Umbrella Chronicles Side B in Japan and Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles 2 in Germany was published
in January 2008.

Reception
Using horror elements, puzzle solving, and a
Aggregate review scores
lot of action, most of the games in the main
As of January 22, 2019 (does not include ports).
Resident Evil series have been released to
positive reviews. Some of the games, most Game GameRankings Metacritic
notably Resident Evil, Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 87%[49] 91[50]
Resident Evil 4, have been bestowed with
Resident Evil 2 93%[51] 89[52]
multiple Game of the Year honors and often
placed on lists of the best video games ever
Resident Evil 3: Nemesis 88%[53] N/A
made. Resident Evil – Code: Veronica 94%[54] N/A

In 2012, Complex ranked Resident Evil at

Resident Evil (remake) 90%[55] 91[56]
number 22 on the list of the best video game Resident Evil Zero 84%[57] 83[58]
franchises.[97] That same year, G4tv called it
Resident Evil 4 96%[59] 96[60]
"one of the most successful series in gaming
history."[98] The series has sold 86 million (PS3) 87%[61] (PS3) 84[64]
Resident Evil 5 (X360) 86%[62] (X360) 83[65]
units worldwide by December 31, 2018,[99]
(PC) 86%[63] (PC) 86[66]
and over 88 million units worldwide as of
January 28, 2019.[100]
Resident Evil: Revelations 84%[67] 82[68]
(PS3) 74%[69] (PS3) 74[72]
In a 2015 interview with Huffington Post, Resident Evil 6 (X360) 69%[70] (X360) 67[73]
screenwriter-director Alex Garland credited (PC) 70%[71] (PC) 69[74]
the Resident Evil series as a primary influence
(PC) 81%[75] (PC) 74[80]
on his script for 28 Days Later. Garland (XONE) 75%[76] (XONE) 75[81]
further credited the first game for revitalizing Resident Evil: Revelations 2 (PS4) 75%[77] (PS4) 75[82]
the zombie genre.[101] (PSV) 71%[78] (PSV) 65[83]
(NS) 68%[79] (NS) 73[84]
(PC) 88%[85] (PC) 83[88]
Resident Evil 7: Biohazard (XONE) 89%[86] (XONE) 86[89]
(PS4) 86%[87] (PS4) 86[90]
(PC) 90%[91] (PC) 90[94]
Resident Evil 2 (remake) (PS4) 93%[92] (PS4) 91[95]
(XONE) 94%[93] (XONE) 93[96]
See also
Genetic engineering in fiction
List of zombie video games
Dino Crisis, another horror video game series, also by Capcom
Onimusha, another series by Capcom with similar gameplay
The Evil Within and The Evil Within 2, other horror games made by the creator ofResident Evil, Shinji Mikami

References
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External links
Official website
BioHazard / Resident Evilseries at MobyGames

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