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Introduction To Bits For Oil Well Drilling Introduction To Diamond Bits
Introduction To Bits For Oil Well Drilling Introduction To Diamond Bits
“8 1/2BH461ST-1”
It indicates the bit diameter is 8 1/ 2", a force balanced PDC bit with class 4 cutter density,
nominal cutter size is 1/ 2”, and the bit profile is short round. It is a sidetracking bit that was
B series PDC bit uses synthetic polycrystalline diamond compacts as cutters. The
under high temperature and high pressure, which are then firmly brazed onto the
erosion and wear resistant WC matrix. The cutter sizes include 3/8", 1/2", 3/4",
1"and 1-1/4". This kind of compacts can engage the formation under relatively low
WOB; breaking rocks with shear actions and obtaining high ROP.
B series PDC bit uses integral threaded exchangeable nozzle, which is easy for
field hydraulic design and can meet different drilling hydraulic requirements. They
Anti-whirl PDC bit is a new product that was developed with patented designing
technology. During drilling, the side forces generated on cutters under the action of
WOB. And torque are directed to the smooth and low frictional gage pads which
always keep sliding contact with the bore-hole wall, so that the side forces of the
bit being counteracted, making the bit rotates around its centerline without any off-
center rotation. And the bit can drill steadily by overcoming the whirl action. Both
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the service life and the ability of the bit to drill through formation with stringers are
Force balanced PDC bit is designed according to the force balance principle.
Load of the cutters is analyzed with the special program during designing process
so that the resultant forces of the bit when drilling tend to be balanced. Unequal
space blades and higher blade designs are utilized to reduce the tendency of
whirling of the bit and make it drilling more smoothly. Force balanced PDC bit can
achieve higher rate of penetration when drilling in upper soft formation, and can
have the cutters getting good cooling and cleaning in lower formation.
diamond as cutting elements, which directly sintered into the erosion and wear
resistant WC matrix.
Apart from some main features of PDC bit, the P series diamond bit also has good
thermal stability, TSP cutters can sustain the high temperature up to 1200 ℃, thus
diamond bits can also be designed into different cutter density, cutter layout and
different crown shapes (parabolic, round or cone). Specific flow area can be
D series natural diamond bit utilizes selected premium natural diamond as its
cutting elements, which are cemented in erosion and wear resistant WC matrix by
sintering. The diamond breaks rocks with shearing or grinding action in different
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formations. The natural diamond bits are designed with different crown profiles as
parabolic, round or cone, utilize different diamond sizes, density, placement and
different hydraulic designs, for using in medium to hard formations with high
abrasiveness.
The main products of diamond core bits include BC, PC and DC series bits, which
made of erosion resistant WC matrix and the inner and outer gages are protected by
natural diamond. The bit profiles include round, parabolic and cone shapes, with
the advantages of high ROP and high rate of core recovery as well as long bit life,
etc.
Diamond bits for horizontal/directional drilling feature impact pad along with
special gage protection, increased the steer ability and directional ability of the bit
B461HZ/M232: Short round crown; Overall length of the bit is shorter for easy
directional control; Cutters placed in the gage bevel can take up-drilling function,
thus the bit can deal with special down-hole conditions; The impact pad on bit face
can effectively control cutting depth of the cutters, reducing impact damages to
cutters due to changes in formation and WOB, Keeping the bit working smoothly;
Suitable for sidetracking and horizontal drilling in soft to medium hard formations.
Diamond bits for sidetracking feature the flat crown profile, short gage, premium
hydraulic design, and high-density cutter placement in shoulder area, therefore the
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load capacity in directional drilling can be ensured and hole diameter is maintained.
The bit can be used for sidetracking and angle building effectively in well bores of
different azimuth.
D651ST: Near flat crown and short gage, advantageous to fast angle building;
the torque; gage cutters on the ridge can reduce breakage of the diamond and
improve service life; Alternatively arranged slot ports and cross pad water way
allow the drilling fluid across the bit with large flow rate and low pressure drop ;
Suitable for formation: shale, limestone, dolomite, anhydrite and high abrasive
formations.
Bi-center and off-center diamond bits can meet special drilling requirements. They
can be used to flowing salt, and can also be used second time completion, increase
Compensating cutting structure: The cutting structure includes the major and the
subsidiary structure, the major structure can rapidly cut rocks, while subsidiary
structure provides progressive compensation and also hold the impact load.
Mechanical balance: the computer analyzes the force balance of the cutting
structure; the crux of the bit is given the balance cutting structure design to retain
Low—friction gage: Adopt ND, TSP, TCI flat pad complex gage, and the
mechanical dynamic pressure lubricating theory is used in the design of bit gage,
ensures the full cooling and lubricating of the mud to the gage bore-hole wall.
Full release fluid course/exchangeable nozzle hydraulic structure: Improve the fluid
the manufacturing precision and quality of products, and greatly increases the
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design and manufacture speed of new products.
New material and new technology: The new gradient of tungsten carbide is used,
further increase the structure strength and wear-resistant capability, the complex die
NC technology plays a very important role in increasing the quality of the bit.
Bevel PDC cutters: The bevel of diamond layer is also rounded except the
improvement is made in the interior of the cutters, thus increase PDC structure
Super small particles PDC cutters: Compare with the conventional PDC cutters, the
employed, the cutting capability are greatly improved except the good impact
resistance. The infinitely gradient blade sharpening maintains the sharp blade and
rapid drilling.
Large size PDC cutters: Large size PDC cutters can greatly increase the cutting
PDC cutters with trenches: The cutter has high impact resistance, because its
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Collect and analysis offset bit application information. (Including dull bit analysis)
If there are other requirements, please contact with the manufactures for special
Very soft, brittle and shallow sedimentary formations. (Such as sand, siltstone and clay)
Medium strength, moderate abrasive and brittle, hardened fragmental and sedimentary rocks
in medium deep formations (such as siliceous shale, silt clay, and anhydrite)
Medium strength, moderate abrasive and brittle, hardened fragmental and sedimentary rocks
Comparatively high strength and abrasive and hard rocks (such as sandy shale, calcite sand
limestone).
High strength and high abrasive, hard and ductile formations (such as hard sand and
bromide).
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Which formations do not need Diamond Bit?
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact(PDC)Bit:
Hard dolomite
Ferruginous rock
Economic analysis
Associated data:
Well Log
Geologic information
Check the wear condition on OD and other area on the last bit
If the last bit working normally, diamond bit then can be running into the well.
Check the bit gage and make sure the bit is clean and nozzle is open.
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Carefully handle of diamond bit, when putting on the floor rubber or wood pad should be
Bit connection should be tight with break plate to the required torque.
Bit should be rotating and care should be taken when bit is running through the known
Normally diamond bit can not ream the well, but if needed, Kelly should be used and use
possible large circulation, the rotary speed should be lower than 60 RPM and cycle should be
Before reached the well bottom, at least three single pipes should be run with large
Rotary torque indicator and weight indicator can indicate if bit has reached the well bottom.
Once the bit reached the well bottom, it should be raised away from the bottom and circulate
with large displacement and slowly run the rotary table for 5 to 10 minutes.
At least 0.50 meter is finished using the way above before using the best bit weight and
rotary speed.
For best penetration rate, parameters should be calculated using the formula of “try and error
Turn on pump when bit reaches hole bottom and gradually increase to the desired
displacement.
After cleaning the bottom in a short time, reach bottom with low pressure then increase bit
weight slowly.
When bit weight increased, pump pressure should be increased accordingly. The changes of
pressure and bit weight should be controlled within the associated specifications.
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When pull out bit?