Special Yarn Production

Chapter-01
Introduction to Special Yarn
1.1 Yarn:
In general yarn may be defined as a linear assemblage of fibres or
filaments formed into continuous strand, having textile like appearance
referred to include good tensile strength and high flexibility. Many non-
textile materials can be designed to have similar strength & pliability in
continuous strand form. To be considered yarn, however, these strands
must be process able on conventional textile equipment or must possess
visual & tactile characteristics (aesthetics) that are usually associated with
textile products.

1.2 Special Yarn

According to Textile Institute “A product of substantial length and
relatively small cross section of fibers or filament with or without
twist is called Yarn.”
Yarn made of staple fiber is often referred to as a spun yarn. Two or more
singles are twisted together to form ply yarn. Ply yarn are further twisted
into various multiples.
A Yarn with special effect such as slubs, loops, beads, lumps (mass)
falses (cloudy and uneven), core textured or color combination which
differs from standard yarn in respect of composition, texture, property
such as strength, appearance, elasticity, elongation is called special
yarn.
Some Special Yarn
1. Core Yarn
2. Rope Yarn
3. Loop Yarn
4. Neppy Yarn
5. Spiral Yarn
6. Texturised Yarn
 7. Double Yarn
8. Mixed Fiber Yarn (Melange Yarn)
9. Knot Yarn
10. Slub Yarn
11. Chennile Yarn
12. Spot Yarn

1.3 Types of yarn & Properties

Yarn Type General Properties
1. Staple Yarn  Excellent hand covering power
Combed Yarn  Comfort
Carded Yarn  Textured appearance
Worsted Yarn  Fair strength
Woolen Yarn  Uniformity
2. Continuous Filament Yarn  Excellent Strength
Natural  Uniformity
Manmade/ Synthetic  Possibility for fineness
 Fair hand
 Poor covering power
3. Novelty Yarns  Excellent decorative features or
Fancy characteristics
Metallic
4. Special End Use/ Industrial  Purely functional design to
Yarns satisfy a specific set of
Tire Cord conditions
Rubber/Elastic
Core
Multiply
Coated
5. High Bulk Yarns  Great covering power with little
Staple weight
Continuous  Good loftiness/fullness
6. Stretch Yarn  Stretch ability
Twist-Heat set-Untwist  Cling without great pressure
(Helanca, Fluflon)  Good hand
Crimp-Heat set (Banlon)  Covering power
Stress under tension (Agilon)
Knit de knit
Gear Crimp
 Special Yarn is produced by-

 Specific machineries
 Conventional machine with special process
 Some special treatment with specific technology