First Draft of BE​ ​Project of Semester 8

On Manufacture of Sorbitol

Department of Chemical Engineering

Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
Requirement of the degree of BE Chemical
Engineering

HARSHAL PAREKH 60011150035

KEVAL PARMAR 60011150036
SUMUKH METAWALA 60011150029

27-02-2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. Topic Page Number

1 MASS BALANCE CALCULATIONS 1
2 ENERGY BALANCE CALCULATIONS
MASS BALANCE CALCULATIONS (FOR GLUCOSE):
Basis: 100 Ton/day Sorbitol

Mass Balance Across different equipments:

1. Jet Cooker (Saccharification):

Equation: C​6​H​10​O​5​ + H​2​O ---> C​6​H​12​O​6

Starch Reacted = 67.64 Ton

Glucose formed = 1.11 X 67.64 = 74.404 Ton

Water in Glucose slurry = Water in Starch Slurry + Steam

= 139.765 + 26.9
= 166.665 Ton

Component 1 2 3
Starch 67.64 ---- ----
Water 139.765 26.9 166.665
Glucose ---- ---- 74.404
TOTAL 207.405 26.9 241.069
2. ​Carbon Treatment and Filtration:

Water is a tie component.

Water in Stream 3 = Water in Stream 5 = 166.665 Ton

Glucose Lost = 2% of 74.404 Ton = 1.448 Ton

Glucose in Filtered Glucose slurry = 74.404 - 1.488 = 72.916 Ton

Component 3 4 5
Glucose 74.404 1.488 72.916
Water 166.665 ---- 166.665
TOTAL 241.069 1.488 239.581
3. ​Ion Exchange:

Water is a tie component.

Water in stream 5 = Water in stream 7 = 166.665 Ton

Glucose Lost = 2% of 74.404 Ton = 1.448 Ton

Glucose in Filtered Glucose slurry = 72.916 - 1.488 = 71.428 Ton

Component 5 6 7
Glucose 72.916 1.488 71.428
Water 166.665 ---- 166.665
TOTAL 239.581 1.488 238.093
4. ​Triple Effect Evaporator:

Here Glucose is a tie component.

Glucose in stream 7 = Glucose in Stream 10 = 71.428 Ton

Water in stream 10 = (49.5/50.5) X 71.428 = 70 Ton

Hence, Water Removed = 166.665 - 70 = 96.665 Ton
Steam Requirement (Efficiency = 2.3) = 96.665/2.3 = 42.028 Ton

Component 7 8 9 10
Glucose 71.428 ---- ---- 71.428
Water 166.665 42.028​ (Steam) 96.665 70
TOTAL 238.093 42.028 96.665 141.428
Mass Balance details of conversion from starch to glucose

Compon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ents

Starch 67.64 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Water 139.765 26.9 166.665 ---- 166.665 ---- 166.665 42.028 96.665 70

Glucose ---- ---- 74.404 1.488 72.916 1.488 71.428 ---- ---- 71.428

TOTAL
MASS BALANCE CALCULATIONS (FOR SORBITOL):
Basis: 100 Ton/day Sorbitol

Mass Balance Across different equipments:

2. Autoclave:

Equation: C​6​H​12​O​6​ + H​2​ ---> C​6​H​14​O​6

Glucose Reacted = 71.428 Ton

Sorbitol formed = 1.01 X 71.428 = 71.428 Ton

Water is a tie component

Water in Sorbitol slurry = Water in Glucose Slurry
= 70 Ton

Component 1 2
Glucose 71.428 ----
Water 70 70
Sorbitol ---- 71.428
TOTAL 141.428 141.428
2. ​Carbon Treatment and Filtration:

Water is a tie component.

Water in Stream 2 = Water in Stream 4 = 70 Ton

Sorbitol Lost = 1% of 71.428 Ton = 0.714 Ton

Sorbitol in Filtered Sorbitol slurry = 71.428 - 0.714 = 70.714 Ton

Component 2 3 4
sorbitol 71.428 0.714 70.714
Water 70 ---- 70
TOTAL 141.428 0.714 140.714
3. ​Ion Exchange:

Water is a tie component.

Water in stream 4 = Water in stream 6 = 70 Ton

Glucose Lost = 1% of 71.428 Ton = 0.714 Ton

Glucose in Filtered Glucose slurry = 70.714 - 0.714 = 70 Ton

Component 4 5 6
Sorbitol 70.714 0.714 70
Water 70 ---- 70
TOTAL 140.714 0.714 140
4. ​Triple Effect Evaporator:

Here Sorbitol is a tie component.

Glucose in stream 6 = Glucose in Stream 9 = 70 Ton

Water in stream 9 = (30/70) X 70 = 30 Ton

Hence, Water Removed = 70-30 = 40 Ton
Steam Requirement (Efficiency = 2.3) = 40/2.3 = 17.391 Ton

Component 6 7 8 9
Sorbitol 70 ---- ---- 70
Water 70 17.391​ (Steam) 40 30
TOTAL 140 17.391 40 100
ENERGY BALANCE CALCULATIONS :
Assume reference temperature T​0​ = 25 C

Component 1 2 3
Starch 67.64 ---- ----
Water 139.765 26.9 166.665
Glucose ---- ---- 74.404
TOTAL 207.405 26.9 241.069
Temperature T 25 C 190 C 105 C

Reaction: C​6​H​10​O​5​ + H​2​O ---> C​6​H​12​O​6

Values of Specific heat and Heat of formation of different components:
C​p​ of Starch (25 C) = 19 J/KmolK
C​p​ of glucose (105 C) = 77.94 J/KmolK
C​p​ of water (190 C) = 2.73 KJ/KgK
C​p​ of water (105 C) = 2.05 KJ/KgK
ΔH​f​ of starch (25 C) = -937 KJ/mol
ΔH​f​ of glucose (105 C) = -1247.1 KJ/mol
ΔH​f​ of steam (190 C) = -285.82 KJ/mol
Stream 1:
H​1​ = m X C​p X
​ (T - T​0​)
H​1​ = 0 (Since T = T​0​ = 25 C)

Stream 2:
H​2​ = H​Steam​ = m X C​p X
​ (T - T​0​)
H​2​ = 26.9 X 10​3​ X 2.73 X (190 - 25 )
H​2​ = 12.117 X 10​6​ KJ

Stream 3:
H​glucose​ = m X C​p ​X (T - T​0​)
H​glucose​ = (74.404/180) X 10​6​ X 77.94 X (105 - 25)
H​glucose​ = 2.577 X 10​6​ KJ
H​water​ = m X C​p X
​ (T - T​0​)
H​water​ = 166.665 X 10​3​ X 2.05 X (105 - 25 )
H​water​ = 27.333 X 10​6​ KJ

ΔH​R​ = ΣΔH​f(P)​ - ΣΔH​f(R)

= ΔH​f (Glucose)​ - (ΔH​f (steam)​ + ΔH​f (starch)​)
= - 1247.1 - (-285.820 - 937)
= -24.28 KJ/mol
Extent of Reaction ε = (Δn​glucose​ )/(-𝛎​glucose​)
= 413.355 X 10​3​/(1)
= 413.355 X 10​3

Q = εΔH​R​ + Σ n​out​ C​p out​ (T - T​0​) - Σ n​in​ C​p in​ (T - T​0​)

= (413.355 X 10​3​) (-24.28) + (2.577 X 10​6​ + 27.333 X 10​6​) - (0 + 12.117 X 10​6​)
= 7.76 X 10​6​ KJ