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Ans Key
Ans Key
Ans Key
12. Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
1. Wild Animals in Art
2. Hidden Prehistoric Paintings
3. Exploring Caves Respectfully
4. Determining the Age of French Caves
13. In line 4, the words pays heed to are closest in meaning to _______.
1. discovers
2. watches
3. notices
4. buys
14. Based on the passage, what is probably true about the south of France?
1. It is home to rare animals.
2. It has a large number of caves.
3. It is known for horse-racing events.
4. It has attracted many famous artists.
15. According to the passage, which animals appear most often on the cave walls?
1. Birds
2. Bison
3. Horses
4. Wild cats
16. In line 10, the word depict is closest in meaning to _______.
1. show
2. hunt
3. count
4. draw
17. Why was painting inside the Lascaux complex a difficult task?
1. It was completely dark inside.
2. The caves were full of wild animals.
3. Painting materials were hard to find.
4. Many painting spaces were difficult to reach.
18. In line 14, the word They refers to _______.
1. walls
2. artists
3. animals
4. materials
19. According to the passage, all of the following have caused damage to the paintings
EXCEPT _______.
1. temperature changes
2. air movement
3. water
4. light
20. What does the passage say happened at the Lascaux caves in 1963?
1. Visitors were prohibited from entering.
2. A new lighting system was installed.
3. Another part was discovered.
4. A new entrance was created.
Questions 21–25 are about the following passage.
Smart Energy
The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is supplied and
used. In some major oil producing nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached, and
there are increasing fears of global warming. Consequently, many countries are
focusing on the switch to a low carbon economy. This transition will lead to major
changes in the supply and use of electricity. [A] Firstly, there will be an increase in
overall demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to electricity to power their
homes and vehicles. [B]Secondly, there will be an increase in power generation, not
only in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is
growing electricity generation from renewable sources. [C] There is also likely more
electricity generation centres, as households and communities take up the opportunity
to install photovoltaic cells and small scale wind turbines. To meet these challenges,
countries are investing in Smart Grid technology. [D] This system aims to provide the
electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand, and to
use this information to create a more efficient power network.
Smart Grid technology basically involves the application of a computer system to the
electricity network. The computer system can be used to collect information about
supply and demand and improve engineer's ability to manage the system. With better
information about electricity demand, the network will be able to increase the amount of
electricity delivered per unit generated, leading to potential reductions in fuel needs and
carbon emissions. Moreover, the computer system will assist in reducing operational
and maintenance costs.
Smart Grid technology offers benefits to the consumer too. They will be able to collect
real-time information on their energy use for each appliance. Varying tariffs throughout
the day will give customers the incentive to use appliances at times when supply greatly
exceeds demand, leading to great reductions in bills. For example, they may use their
washing machines at night. Smart meters can also be connected to the internet or
telephone system, allowing customers to switch appliances on or off
remotely. Furthermore, if houses are fitted with the apparatus to generate their own
power, appliances can be set to run directly from the on-site power source, and any
excess can be sold to the grid.
With these changes comes a range of challenges. The first involves managing the
supply and demand. Sources of renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are
notoriously unpredictable, and nuclear power, which is also set to increase as nations
switch to alternative energy sources, is inflexible. With oil and gas, it is relatively simple
to increase the supply of energy to match the increasing demand during peak times of
the day or year. With alternative sources, this is far more difficult, and may lead to
blackouts or system collapse. Potential solutions include investigating new and efficient
ways to store energy and encouraging consumers to use electricity at off-peak times.
A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are
located in remote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where there is
currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be
built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by
reducing the reinforcement or construction costs.
Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are
already underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be
used in their homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of
demonstrations being planned to show how the smart technology could practically work,
and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure. It is likely that technology
will be added in 'layers', starting with 'quick win' methods which will provide initial carbon
savings, to be followed by more advanced systems at a later date. Cities are prime
candidates for investment into smart energy, due to the high population density and
high energy use. It is here where Smart Technology is likely to be promoted first,
utilising a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions and an infrastructure
for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing
fast. By the year 2050, changes in the energy supply will have transformed our homes,
our roads and our behaviour.
21. According to paragraph 1, what has happened in some oil producing countries?
A. They are unwilling to sell their oil any more.
B. They are not producing as much oil as they used to.
C. The supply of oil is unpredictable.
D. Global warming is more sever here than in other countries.
23. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Smart Grid technology to consumers?
A. It can reduce their electricity bills.
B. It can tell them how much energy each appliance is using.
C. It can allow them to turn appliances on and off when they are not at home.
D. It can reduce the amount of energy needed to power appliances.
24. According to paragraph 4, what is the problem with using renewable sources of
power?
A. They do not provide much energy.
B. They often cause system failure and blackouts.
C. They do not supply a continuous flow of energy.
D. They can't be used at off-peak times.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward
across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free
seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely
complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops
the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over
rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers
and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of
crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a
zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy
or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and- down
route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous
lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost (permanently frozen
ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is
buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the
properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the
biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no
single business could raise that much money, so eight major oil companies formed a consortium
in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the
oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today,
despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor
disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the
Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
3. According to the second paragraph, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the
pipeline each
A. Day
B. Week
C. Month
D. Year
5. The author mentions all of the following in the third paragraph as important in
determining the pipeline's
route EXCEPT the
A. Climate
B. Lay of the land itself
C. Local vegetation
D. Kind of soil and rock
7. According to the last paragraph, how many companies shared the costs of constructing
the pipeline?
A. Three
B. Four
C. Eight
D. Twelve
9. According to the last paragraph, which of the following determined what percentage of
the construction costs
each member of the consortium would pay?
A. How much oil field land each company owned
B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields
C. How many people worked for each company
D. How many oil wells were located on the company's land
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for a layer of soil that always
remains frozen?
A. Line 4
B. Line 15
C. Line 23
D. Line 37
13. Why does the author use "intriguingly" to describe the phenomenon in paragraph 5?
A. To imply that bananas are far more interesting than other fruits
B. To make readers doubt the claims scientists are making about bananas
C. To suggest that duplication of chromosomes is a rare and interesting occurrence in
the plant world
D. To encourage questions about whether bananas are grasses or herbs
17. According to the article, all are steps in the evolution of the banana EXCEPT
A. Some banana hybrids began to develop three sets of chromosomes
B. The merging of two different banana species
C. Bananas reproduced widely and easily through fertilization
D. Bananas developed the ability to develop fruit without fertilization
20. The word "domestication" in the final paragraph is closest in meaning to>
A. Housebroken
B. Well-controlled
C. Adapted for human consumption
D. Accepted within the culture
21. The author's description of glam rockers in paragraph 1 indicates that they
A. Cared more about the quality of their music than money.
B. Were mainly style over substance.
C. Were unassuming and humble.
D. Were songwriters first, and performers second.
24. Which of the following is not associated with the grunge movement?
A. Mr. Epp and the Calculations
B. Pearl Jam
C. Nirvana
D. White Snake
25. Which of the following words best describes the relationship between grunge music and
its mainstream
popularity?
A. Solid
B. Contrary
C. Enduring
D. Acquiescent