DOI 10.4010/2016.

524
ISSN 2321 3361 © 2016 IJESC

Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. 3

Analytical and Experimental Analysis of Cantilever Beam under

Forced Vibration
D.P. Kamble1, Chandan Kumar2, Shivprasad R. Sontakke3, Ratnadip T. Gaikwad4
Professor1, U.G Student2, 3, 4
Savitribai Phule Pune University
dattatray.kamble@rediffmail.com1, chandan.s35g@gmail.com2, shivson082@gmail.com3, ratnadipamar@gmail.com4

Abstract:
Cantilever Beam is an Element whose one end is fixed and other end is Free. Vibration occur in Beam Due to External Force.
Many examples like Turbo machinery blades with shrouds, T.V. towers and windmill supporting structures can be approximated
to cantilever beams with a mass at the tip for purpose of analysis of natural vibrations. When the Vibration will maximum in the
beam, Failure may be occur. In this paper, two types of Methods are used for finding the natural Frequency of Different Modes
[1]. Analysis for all the method is carried out and results are compared Analytically and Experimentally for two
material(Aluminum and Mild Steel).It is found that, Result found by analytically and experimentally is approximately same.

Keywords: Cantilever Beam, Mode shape, Forced Vibration, Modal Analysis.

I. INTRODUCTION
Horizontal Cantilever Beam is a beam, which carries III. METHODOLOGY
transverse load at its end point. Due to exciting load the Beam Dimensions:
vibration will occurs in the beam. We know that, when the
shaft or disc moves approximately perpendicular to the axis
of shaft, then the vibrations are called transverse vibrations.
If the body vibrates under influence of external force then
the body is under forced vibration. The external force on the
body is a periodic disturbing force. The vibrations produced
have the same frequency as the applied force. For example:
Vibration in machines. Most vibrations are undesirable in
machines and structures because they produce increased
stresses, energy losses, cause added wear, increase bearing
loads, induce fatigue, create passenger discomfort in
vehicles, and absorb energy from the system. When the Length, l = 0.5 m
natural frequency is equal to external exciting frequency, Width, b = 0.04 m
then the resonance will occurs in the system. Thickness, t = 0.01 m
Due to resonance in the system, the amplitude of vibration is
maximum and failure may be occurs in the system to reduce Selecting Material Properties
the vibration of system we should must know the value of
frequency. The general equation of force vibration is given
as, Modulus of Poison’s
+kx = Material elasticity (E) Ratio
Inertia force + damping force + stiffness force = external (GPa) (ʋ)
force
Mild Steel 210 0.3
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

Comparative vibration analysis of cantilever beam Aluminum 70 0.35

under forced vibration. The excitation frequency for
different mode shapes will find by analytically and ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS:
experimentally, then result of both methods will be compare Assumptions:
with each other .We are comparing the Result of both the
material of beam i.e. Mild steel and Aluminium.  Assuming External force = 2.5 N

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  Assuming Homogeneous material throughout the EXPERIMENT ANALYSIS:
Beam.
Experimental Set Up:
Step 1: Calculating Frequencies for Different Mode shapes

By using Euler’s Bernoulli's Beam Theory:

Where, E = Modulus of elasticity

I = Moment of Inertia of beam

=b
L = Length of beam

Constant Relative to Vibration Bound Condition. Steps for Experimental Analysis:[1]

1.875, 3.926, 4.694,……..
Density of Material 1. Fixed the one end of beam with the help of C-Clamp on
= Excitation Frequency the Table.
2. The Impact Hammer and Accelerometer is connected to
Step 2: Frequencies for Mild Steel Beam FFT, the output of FFT is given to PC.
3. The Power is supplied to FFT and PC.
E = 210 Gpa 4. Open the DEWE43 software in PC.
I = 3.333 5. Fixed the Accelerometer at the Free end of Beam and
Applied the load by using Impact Hammer at Different
Modes.
For Mode Shape 1: 6. The Result is Displayed on PC.
Taking
33.40 Hz Specification of Data Acquisition System:
 8 Channel Data Acquisition System along with
For Mode Shape 2: powerful Software DEWE43.
 Uni-axial IEPE Accelerometer.
146.36 Hz
Apparatus: Following apparatus are used to perform the
For Mode Shape 3: experiment:
a. FFT Analyzer
209.33 Hz b. Accelerometer
c. 8-channel Vibration Analyzer
Step 3: Frequencies for Aluminium Beam d. A PC loaded with DEWE43 software
e. Impact Hammer
E = 70 Gpa f. Power supply for the PC and vibration analyzer,
I = 3.333 connecting cables for the accelerometer

EXPERIMENTAL RESULT BY FFT:

For Mode Shape 1: Material : MILD STEEL
Force Applied = 2.5 N (Average)
33.88 Hz For Mode Shape 1:

For Mode Shape 2:

= 3.926
144.16 Hz

For Mode Shape 3:

= 4.694
209.5 Hz

Frequency = 39.063 Hz
Acceleration = 0.15g = 0.15 9.81 = 1.4715 m/s2

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For Mode Shape 2: For Mode Shape 3:

Frequency = 234.38 Hz
Frequency = 156.25 Hz Acceleration = 0.69g = 0.69 9.81 = 6.769 m/s2
Acceleration = 0.72g = 0.72 9.81 = 7.0632 m/s2
RESULTS BY ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
For Mode Shape 3: METHOD:

MILD STEEL ALUMINIUM

Mode Analytical Experimental Analytical Experimental

Shape frequency
(Hz)

frequency frequency frequency (Hz)

(Hz) (Hz)

Frequency = 214.84 Hz
Acceleration = 0.42g = 0.42 9.81 = 4.1202 m/s2
1 33.4 39.063 33.88 48.128
Material: ALUMINIUM
Force Applied = 2.5 N (Average)
2 146.36 156.25 144.16 166.02
For Mode Shape 1:

3 209.33 214.84 209.5 234.38

RESULT ANALYSIS:
GRAPHICAL RESULT FOR MILD STEEL

MILD STEEL
Frequency = 48.828 Hz 300
Acceleration = 0.16g = 0.16 9.81 = 1.5696 m/s2
Frequency

200
For Mode Shape 2:
100 analytical

0 Experimental
0 2 4
No. of Modes

From this graph we can see that, if the number of Modes

Frequency = 166.02 Hz increases the Frequency also increases.
Acceleration = 0.39g = 0.39 9.81 = 3.826 m/s2

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GRAPHICAL RESULT FOR ALUMINIUM  Performing Frequency analysis for different
materials.
ALUMINIUM  Performing Frequency analysis for different
Dimensions of Beam such as Circular,
400 Rectangular, Square etc.
Frequency

200  We can also perform Frequency analysis for

analytical different mode shapes, different types of elements
0
with their sizes respectively.
0 2 4 Experimental
 This concept is also applicable for Aerospace
Engineering.
No. of Modes
From this graph we can see that, if the number of VI. REFERENCE
Modes increases the Frequency also increases. 1. Mohammad Vajiri, Ali Vajiri, Prof.S.S. Kadam,
‘Vibration Analysis of cantilever beam by using FFT
GRAPHICAL RESULT FOR MILD STEEL Vs analyser’ Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering
ALUMINIUM Satara road Pune,(IJAET)E-ISSN 0976-3945.August
(2013).

MILD STEEL VS 2. Mustafa Yaman, “Finite element vibration analysis of

a partially covered Cantilever beam with concentrated
ALUMINIUM tip mass.”(10 December 2004) .

500 3. Chandradeep Kumar, Anjani Kumar Singh, Nitesh

Frequency

0 Kumar, Ajit Kumar, ‘Cantilever Beam with tip mass at

Mild Steel
0 2 4 free end Analysis by FEM’. Cambridge Institute of
Aluminium Technology, Tatisilay, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
No. of Modes (IJSRE) Vol 2,pages 1077-1090,July 2014.

4. Sibu Thomas, Nishi Shahnaj Haider, “A Study on

Here we can see that the Frequency Slightly increases with
number of Mode Shape.
From this graph we can see the Frequency of Aluminium
Beam is greater than Mild Steel Beam.
IV. CONCLUSION
 If Number of Modes increases, then the Frequency
will also increases.
 The frequencies for Aluminium are slightly greater
than Mild Steel for same Mode Shapes.
 As the distance from fixed end increases, the
frequency also increases.
 As the number of mode increases, the difference
between the analytical and experimental
frequencies reduces and near to approximately
same.
 The difference between analytical and
experimental frequencies varies from 5% to 15%.
 If Number of Modes increases, then Acceleration
of Beam will also increases.
V. FUTURE SCOPE
basics of a spectrum analyzer”
International journal of advanced research in
electrical, electronics and instrumentation engineering.
(vol. 2, issue 6, June 2013).
5. Sung Kyun Kim, Hong Hee Yoo,“Vibration Analysis
of Cantilever Plates Undergoing Translationally
Accelerated Motion.”KSME international Journal,(Vol
16, pp-448-453,june 2002).
6. Fadi Dohnal,Horst Ecker,Helmut Springer,“Enhanced
damping of a cantilever beam by axial parametric
excitation.”(5 February 2008)
7. Sageev Oore et.al “Uniform strength for large
deflection of Cantilever Beam under end point load”
(august 2008.)
8. Amir Farrokh Payam et. al“Study of the tip mass and
interaction force effects on the frequency response and
mode shapes of the AFM cantilever” (IJAMT) 957-
966 ,june 2012
9. Alexandre Molter “structural design and vibration
control for a cantilever beam” (November,2010).

 Same analysis will be applied for vibrating 10. Leszek Majkut “Free and Forced Vibrations Of
machine components. Timoshenko Beams Described By Single Difference
 Analysis will be carried out by Ansys, Matlab, Equation.” Journal Of Theoretical And Applied
FEM Software. Mechanics 47, 1, pp. 193-210, august, 2009

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