New Wave in Hindi Class – X (Term – I) Course A
Section : C (ikB~; iqLrd ,oa iwjd iqLrd)
xn~;&[kaM
12 y[kuoh vank”k
ikB dk laf{kIr ifjp;
bl ikB esa ys[kd us ml lkearh oxZ ij O;aX; fd;k gS]
tks nksgjh ftanxh thus dk vknh gks pqdk gSA tks okLrfodrk ls
nwj vius >wBs lkearh jkSc dks cuk, j[kus osQ fy, reke ÅV&iVk¡x
ikB dk lkj
ys[kd dks ikl gh dgha tkuk FkkA iSlsatj Vªsu pyus dks rS;kj
[kM+h FkhA ys[kd us ;g lkspdj lsoaQM Dykl dk fVdV ys fy;k
fd mlesa HkhM+ de gksrh gSA og vkjke ls f[kM+dh ls izkÑfrd
n`'; ns[krs gq, fdlh ubZ dgkuh osQ ckjs esa lksp losQxkA ys[kd
nkSM+dj ,d fMCcs esa p<+k foaQrq vk'kk osQ foijhr] fMCck [kkyh
ugha FkkA ml fMCcs esa y[kuÅ dh uokch uLy osQ ,d lTtu
ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA lkeus gh nks rkts [khjs rkSfy, ij j[ks FksA
ys[kd dk vpkud fMCcs esa p<+ vkuk mu lTtu dks Hkk;k ughaA
mldk vlarks"k uokc osQ psgjs ls lkI+kQ >yd jgk FkkA uokc lkgc
us lsoaQM Dykl dk fVdV 'kk;n blfy, fy;k Fkk fd os vosQys
;k=kk dj losQaxs vkSj vc mUgsa ;g fcYoqQy vPNk ugha yx jgk Fkk
fd dksbZ lisQniks'k mUgsa e¡>ys ntsZ esa liQj djrs ns[ksA [khjs Hkh
mUgksaus oDr dkVus osQ fy, [kjhns gksaxs] ysfdu vc fdlh osQ lkeus
[khjs oSQls [kk,¡A uokc lkgc f[kM+dh ls ckgj ns[k jgs Fks vkSj
ys[kd duf[k;ksa ls mudh vksj ns[k jgs FksA vpkud uokc lkgc
us ys[kd dks lacksfèkr fd;k vkSj dgk] ^^vknkc vtZ] tukc] [khjs
dk 'kkSd iQjek,¡xs\** ys[kd dks uokc dk lglk Hkko&ifjorZu
djuk oqQN t¡pk ughaA ys[kd us ^'kqfØ;k* dgdj euk dj fn;kA
uokc us cgqr rjhosQ ls [khjs èkksdj Nhys] dkVs vkSj thjk feyk
ued&fepZ cqjddj rkSfy, ij ltkrs gq, iqu% ys[kd ls [kkus dk
'kCnkFkZ ,oa fVIif.k;k¡
eqI+kQfLly ¾ osQanz esa fLFkr uxj osQ bnZ&fxnZ osQ LFkku_ mrkoyh ¾
tYnckth_ izfrowQy ¾ foijhr] fo#n~èk_ lI+ksQniks'k ¾ Hknz O;fDr_
vinkFkZ oLrq ¾ rqPN oLrq_ fdI+kQk;r ¾ le>nkjh ls mi;ksx djuk_
xokjk u gksuk ¾ eu osQ vuqowQy u gksuk_ e¡>yk ntkZ ¾ chp dk
ntkZ_ duf[k;ksa ls ns[kuk ¾ frjNh fuxkg ls ns[kuk_ vknkc
v”kZ ¾ vfHkoknu dk ,d <ax_ xqeku ¾ Hkze_ yFksM+ ysuk ¾ yisV
ysuk_ ,gfr;kr ¾ lkoèkkuh_ djhus ls ¾ <ax ls] lyhosQ ls_
lq[khZ ¾ ykyh_ cqjduk ¾ fNM+duk_ Hkko&Hkafxek ¾ eu osQ fopkj
dks izdV djus okyh 'kkjhfjd fØ;k_ LiqQju ¾ iQM+duk] fgykuk_
1 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

;'kiky
gjdrsa djus ls Hkh ugha pwdrkA blosQ ihNs mldh lksp ;g gksrh
gS fd mldh igpku vrhr osQ lkearh oqQju osQ :i esa v{kq.k
jg losQA
vkxzg fd;kA ys[kd us eu gh eu lkspk fd fe;k¡ jbZl curs gSa]
ysfdu yksxksa dh utjksa ls cp ldus osQ [;ky esa viuh vlfy;r
ij mrj vk, gSaA ys[kd us nwljh ckj isV [kjkc gksus osQ dkj.k bPNk
u gksus dk cgkuk cuk;kA oSls rks ys[kd dk eu [khjs [kkus dk gks
jgk Fkk] foaQrq ,d ckj euk dj pqosQ Fks blfy, vkRelEeku cuk,
j[kus osQ fy, cgkuk cuk;kA vc uokc lkgc [khjs dh ,d iQk¡d
dks mBkdj gksaBksa rd ys x,A iQk¡d dks lw¡?kkA [khjs osQ Lokn osQ
vkuan esa mudh iyosaQ eq¡n xb±A eq¡g esa cuh ykj dks xys ls mrkjkA
mlosQ ckn mUgksaus iQk¡d dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj isaQd fn;kA bl izdkj
uokc lkgc ,d&,d iQk¡d dks mBkdj lw¡?krs vkSj f[kM+dh osQ
ckgj isaQdrs x,A lc iQk¡dksa dks isaQdus osQ ckn mUgksaus rkSfy, ls
gkFk vkSj gksaB iksaNsA fiQj xoZ ls ys[kd dh vksj ns[kk] ekuks dg
jgs gksa µ ;g gS [kkunkuh jbZlksa dk rjhdkA uokc lkgc [khjs osQ
bl uk;kc bLrseky ls Fkddj ysV x,A ys[kd us lkspk fd [khjk
bLrseky djus osQ bl rjhosQ ls mnj dh r`fIr Hkh gks ldrh gSA rHkh
uokc lkgc us Mdkj yh vkSj cksysµ [khjk ytht gksrk gS] ysfdu
gksrk gS ldhy] ukeqjkn esns ij cks> Mky nsrk gSA ;g lqudj
ys[kd us lkspk fd tc [khjs osQ Lokn vkSj xaèk dh dYiuk ls isV
Hkj tkus dh Mdkj vk ldrh gS rks fcuk fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj ik=kksa
osQ bPNk ek=k ls ubZ dgkuh Hkh cu ldrh gSA
jlkLoknu ¾ fdlh jl dk Lokn ysuk] fdlh lq[k dk miHkksx djuk_
Iykfor gksuk ¾ ikuh Hkj tkuk_ ifu;krh ¾ jlhyh_+ ryc ¾ bPNk_
esnk ¾ vkek'k;_ lr`".k ¾ bPNklfgr_ rlyhe ¾ lEeku esa_ flj
[ke djuk ¾ flj >qdkuk_ rg”khc ¾ f'k"Vrk_ uiQklr ¾ LoPNrk_
u”kkdr ¾ dkseyrk_ uiQhl ¾ cf<+;k_ ,CLVªSDV ¾ lw{e] ftldk
HkkSfrd vfLrRo u gks] vewrZ_ mnj ¾ vkek'k;] isV_ y”kht ¾
Lokfn"V_ ldhy ¾ vklkuh ls u ipus okyk_ ukeqjkn ¾ csdkj
ph”k_ Kku&p{kq ¾ Kku :ih p{kq] Kku :ih us=kA
 lesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ikB~;iqLrd osQ iz'uksRrj
1- ys[kd dks uokc lkgc osQ fdu gko&Hkkoksa ls eglwl
gqvk fd os muls ckrphr djus osQ fy, rfud Hkh
mRlqd ugha gSa\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % LVs'ku ls NwVrh jsyxkM+h osQ lsdaM Dykl osQ fMCcs esa ys[kd
tc gM+cM+h esa nkSM+rs gq, ?kqlk] rks mlus cgqr gh lqfoèkk ls
[khjs [kkus dh rS;kjh esa f[kM+dh osQ ikl lhV ij ikyFkh ekjs
cSBs ,d uokc lkgc dks ns[kkA ys[kd osQ igq¡prs gh mudk
,dkar fparu ckfèkr gqvkA mudh vk¡[kksa esa vlarks"k fn[kkbZ nsus
yxk] mUgksaus ys[kd esa tjk Hkh #fp u yhA os vutku curs
gq, xkM+h ls ckgj ns[kus yxsA blls ys[kd dks yxk fd uokc
lkgc muls ckrphr djus osQ fy, rfud Hkh mRlqd ugha gSaA
2- uokc lkgc us cgqr gh ;Ru ls [khjk dkVk] ued&fepZ
cqjdk] varr% lw¡?kdj gh f[kM+dh ls ckgj isaQd fn;kA
mUgksaus ,slk D;ksa fd;k gksxk\ mudk ,slk djuk muosQ
oSQls LoHkko dh vksj bafxr djrk gS\
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % uokc us ,slk ys[kd dks ;g crkus osQ fy, fd;k gksxk fd
[khjs tSlh [kkus dh lLrh vkSj lkèkkj.k ph”kksa dk mi;ksx
uokc yksx mnj dh r`fIr osQ fy, djosQ viuh ikjaifjd
uokch izfr"Bk dks ugha fcxkM+rs cfYd uokch vankt osQ
mlosQ egRo esa pkj pk¡n yxk nsrs gSaA uokc lkgc us ,slk
viuk uokch vankt fn[kkus osQ fy, fd;k gksxkA
3- ¶fcuk fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj ik=kksa osQ Hkh dgkuh fy[kh tk
ldrh gSA¸ ;'kiky osQ bl fopkj ls vki dgk¡ rd
lger gSa\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % fcuk fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj ik=kksa osQ dksbZ dgkuh fuf'pr :i ls
ugha fy[kh tk ldrhA oLrqr% fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj ik=kksa dh
lacn~èkrk gh dgkuh dk vkèkkj curh gSA bUgsa ,d&nwljs ls
u rks vyx fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh buosQ vHkko dh
dYiuk Hkh dh tk ldrh gSA fopkj osQ vkrs gh dgkuh dh
dYiuk curh gSA ?kVuk dgkuh dks vkxs c<+krh gS vkSj ?kVuk
esa ik=k vo'; gksrs gSaA ik=kksa osQ ekè;e ls dgkuh dgh tkrh
gSA ik=k] ?kVuk vkSj fopkj dgkuh osQ rRo gSa] vr% buosQ
fcuk dgkuh ugha cu ldrhA
4- vki bl fucaèk dks vkSj D;k uke nsuk pkgsaxs\
mRrj % ge bl fucaèk dks ^cukoVh ftanxh* uke nsuk pkgsaxsA
2 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr
5- (d) bl ikB esa uokc lkgc n~okjk [khjk [kkus dh
rS;kjh djus dk ,d fp=k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl
iwjh izfØ;k dks vius 'kCnksa esa O;Dr dhft,A
([k) fdu&fdu ph”kksa dk jlkLoknu djus osQ fy,
vki fdl izdkj dh rS;kjh djrs gSa\
mRrj % (d) uokc lkgc us [khjksa dks rkSfy, ij ls mBk;kA fiQj
lhV osQ uhps ls ikuh ls Hkjk yksVk fudkyk vkSj nksuksa
[khjksa dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj djosQ èkks;kA fiQj rkSfy, ls
iksaNkA tsc ls pkowQ fudkydj nksuksa [khjksa osQ fljs dkVs
vkSj xksndj >kx fudkykA blosQ ckn cgqr gh lkoèkkuh
ls Nhydj iQk¡osaQ cukb± vkSj djhus ls rkSfy, ij ltk
nhaA fiQj mu ij thjk] ued vkSj filh yky fepZ
cqjd nhA rkts [khjs dh ifu;krh iQk¡osaQ ,slh fn[k jgh
Fkha fd fdlh osQ Hkh eq¡g esa ikuh vk tk,A
([k) Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
6- [khjs osQ lacaèk esa uokc lkgc osQ O;ogkj dks mudh
lud dgk tk ldrk gSA vkius uokcksa dh vkSj Hkh
ludksa vkSj 'kkSdksa osQ ckjs esa i<+k&lquk gksxA fdlh ,d
osQ ckjs esa fyf[k,A
mRrj % uokcksa osQ thou esa dgha dksbZ vHkko ugha jgrk FkkA muosQ
vkl&ikl pkiywlksa dh Hkh HkhM+ lnk yxh jgrh FkhA iz'kalk
osQ c¡èkrs >wBs iqyksa osQ dkj.k os ludh cu tkrs FksA ;s luosaQ
dHkh&dHkh bruh fofp=k gksrh Fkha fd ftudks iwjk djuk
eqf'dy gh ugha] vlaHko gks tkrk FkkA rhrj cVsj dh yM+kbZ]
?kksM+ksa dh nkSM+] i'kqvksa dh fHkM+ar tSls vusd mnkgj.k feyrs
gSaA vdcj&chjcy osQ fdLls Hkh blls vNwrs ugha gSaA
,d jktk dks tc vius jkT; esa cgqr èkwy mM+rh fn[kh] rks
mlus iwjs jkT; esa >kM+™ yxkus dk vkns'k ns fn;kA yksx de
iM+us yxs rks nwljs dke djus okyksa dks Hkh yxk fn;kA
[kk¡lrs&[kk¡lrs yksx tc ejus yxs vkSj jktk Hkh csgky gks
x;k] rks fiQj equknh gqbZ fd tks bl èkwy dks nwj djus dk
mik; djsxk] mls ekykeky dj fn;k tk,xkA ,d fnu ,d
cw<+k ,d tksM+h twrs rS;kj dj jktk osQ ikl vk;kA twrs
igudj jktk tc pyk rks iSjksa esa èkwy ugha yxhA jktk [kq'k
gks x;k vkSj rc èkwy >kM+h ugha xbZ] cfYd twrksa dks igu
iSjksa ij yxus ls nwj dj nh xbZA
 7- D;k lud dk dksbZ ldkjkRed :i gks ldrk gS\ ;fn ([k) uokc lkgc us laxhr osQ fy, mRlkg ugha fn[kk;kA
^gk¡* rks ,slh ludksa dk mYys[k dhft,A mRrj % fØ;kin & fn[kk;kA
mRrj % lud dk fuf'pr gh ldkjkRed :i gks ldrk gSA fdlh fØ;kHksn & ldeZd fØ;kA
Hkh dke dh iw.kZ liQyrk osQ fy, iw.kZr% leiZ.k dk nwljk (x) Bkyh cSBs] dYiuk djrs jgus dh iqjkuh vknr gSA
uke lud Hkh gks ldrk gSA lud dh ldkjkRedrk thou mRrj % fØ;kin & cSBs] djrs jgus] gSA
esa vkRefo'okl ls vkxs c<+us] vkSjksa osQ fy, mnkgj.k cuus fØ;kHksn & ldeZd fØ;kA
dk dkj.k Hkh gks ldrh gSA cNsanzh iky dk loZiFz ke fgeky; (?k) vosQys liQj dk oDr dkVus osQ fy, gh [khjs [kjhns
dh pksVh dks Nwuk] xkaèkhth dk lR; vkSj vfgalk osQ lgkjs
gksaxsA
Hkkjr dh vk”kknh dh uS;k dks ikj yxkuk] dkyZ ekDlZ dk
etnwjksa osQ gd esa thou Hkj yM+kbZ djosQ mUgsa lq[kh cukuk] mRrj % fØ;kin & [kjhns gksaxsA
bafnjk xka/h n~okjk izFke efgyk izèkkuea=kh osQ :i esa fo'o fØ;kHksn & ldeZd fØ;kA
osQ lcls cM+s yksdra=k dks vkèkqfudrk osQ lius fn[kkukA (Ä) nksuksa [khjksa osQ flj dkVs vkSj mUgsa xksndj >kx fudkykA
D;k NksVh vkSj vliQy cukus okyh luosaQ Fkha\ mRrj % fØ;kin & xksndj] fudkyk] dkVsA
cjlksa ckn Hkh bfrgkl esa ,slh luosaQ vej jgsaxhA vr% fØ;kHksn & iwoZdkfyd fØ;k] ldeZd fØ;kA
ldkjkRed lksp osQ lkFk Bksl iz;klksa vkSj e”kcwr bjknksa (p) uokc lkgc us lr`".k vk¡[kksa ls ued&fepZ osQ la;ksx
okyh dksbZ Hkh lud ljkguh; gSA O;fDr] lekt] ns'k vkSj ls pedrh [khjksa dh iQk¡dksa dh vksj ns[kkA
ekuork osQ fgr esa iwtuh; gSA mRrj % fØ;kin & ns[kkA
fØ;kHksn & ldeZd fØ;kA
Hkk"kk vè;;u (N) uokc lkgc [khjs dh rS;kjh vkSj bLrseky ls Fkddj
ysV x,A
8- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fØ;kin Nk¡Vdj fØ;kHksn Hkh
fyf[k,µ mRrj % fØ;kin & Fkddj ysV x,A
(d) ,d lisQniks'k lTtu cgqr lqfoèkk ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs fØ;kHksn & la;qDr fØ;kA
FksA (t) tsc ls pkowQ fudkykA
mRrj % fØ;kin & ekjs cSBs FksA mRrj % fØ;kin & fudkykA
fØ;kHksn & vdeZd fØ;kA fØ;kHksn & ldeZd fØ;kA

vU; ijh{kksi;ksxh egRoiw.kZ ç'uksRrj (CCE in~èkfr ij vkèkkfjr)

2- ys[kd Vªsu dh dkSu&lh Dykl esa ;k=kk dj jgs Fks\
oLrqfu"B ç'uksRrj
(d) iQLVZ Dykl ([k) lsoaQM Dykl
uhps fn, x, ç'uksa osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k,µ (x) FkMZ Dykl (?k) lkekU;
I. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa 3- ¶Vªsu py iM+us dh mrkoyh esa iq¡Qdkj jgh FkhA¸ esa ys[kd
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
Vªsu dh fdl fLFkfr dh vksj laosQr dj jgs gSa\
eqI+kQfLly dh iSlsatj Vªsu py iM+us dh mrkoyh esa i¡qQdkj jgh FkhA (d) Vªsu lhVh ns jgh Fkh
vkjke ls lsoaQM Dykl esa tkus osQ fy, nke vfèkd yxrs gSaA nwj rks
tkuk ugha FkkA HkhM+ ls cpdj] ,dkar esa ubZ dgkuh osQ lacaèk esa lksp ([k) Vªsu fctyh ls pyus okyh Fkh
ldus vkSj f[kM+dh ls çkÑfrd n`'; ns[k ldus osQ fy, fVdV (x) Vªsu esa Hkk¡i dk batu Fkk (?k) Vªus u, tekus dh Fkh
lsoaQM Dykl dk gh ys fy;kA 4- Vªsu esa vkjke ls ;k=kk djus osQ fy, fdl Js.kh esa ;k=kk
1- çLrqr xn~;ka'k fdl ikB ls fy;k x;k gS\ djus dh jk; ys[kd ns jgs Fks\
(d) ckyxksfcu Hkxr ([k) y[kuoh vank”k (d) çFke Js.kh ([k) r`rh; Js.kh
(x) usrkth dk p'ek (?k) ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh (x) lkekU; Js.kh (?k) f}rh; Js.kh
3 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 5- eqI+kQfLly dh iSlsatj Vªsu ls D;k vk'k; gS\ uokc lkgc us fcyoqQy vosQys ;k=kk dj ldus osQ vuqeku esa
(d) eq-Ýr dh ;k=kh xkM+h fdI+kQk;r osQ fopkj ls lsdaM Dykl dk fVdV [kjhn fy;k gks vkSj
([k) eqf'dy ls pyus okyh ;k=kh xkM+h vc xokjk u gks fd 'kgj dk dksbZ lI+ksQniks'k mUgsa e¡>ys ntsZ esa lI+kQj
(x) osaQæLFk uxj osQ bnZ&fxnZ LFkkuksa ij tkus okyh xkM+h djrk ns[ksA--- vosQys lI+kQj dk oDr dkVus osQ fy, gh [khjs [kjhns
gksaxs vkSj vc fdlh lI+ksQniks'k osQ lkeus [khjk oSQls [kk,¡\
(?k) fo'ks"k xkM+h
1- ys[kd dh iqjkuh vknr D;k Fkh\
mRrj % 1- ([k) 2- ([k) 3- (x) 4- (?k) 5- (x)
(d) xhr xkrs jguk ([k) nwljksa ls ckrsa djuk
II. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa (x) dYiuk djrs jguk (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
2- ys[kd fdldh vlqfoèkk vkSj ladksp osQ dkj.k dk vuqeku
xkM+h NwV jgh FkhA lsoaQM Dykl osQ ,d NksVs fMCcs dks [kkyh djus yxs\
le>dj] ”kjk nkSM+dj mlesa p<+ x,A vuqeku osQ çfrowQy fMCck futZu (d) viuh iRuh dh ([k) Lo;a dh
ugha FkkA ,d cFkZ ij y[kuÅ dh uokch uLy osQ ,d lI+kQs niks'k lTtu (x) uokc lkgc dh (?k) vius fe=kksa dh
cgqr lqfoèkk ls ikyFkh ekjs cSBs FksA lkeus nks rkts&fpdus [khjs rkSfy,
3- ys[kd us D;k&D;k vuqeku yxk;k\
ij j[ks FksA fMCcs esa gekjs lglk owQn tkus ls lTtu dh vk¡[kksa esa ,dkar
(d) uokc lkgc ,dkar esa ;k=kk djuk pkgrs gksaxs
¯pru esa fo?u dk vlarks"k fn[kkbZ fn;kA lkspk] gks ldrk gS] ;g Hkh ([k) cpr djuk pkgrs Fks
dgkuh osQ fy, lw> dh ¯prk esa gksa ;k [khjs&tSlh vinkFkZ oLrq dk (x) vosQysiu dks nwj djus osQ fy, [khjs [kjhns gksaxs
'kkSd djrs ns[ks tkus osQ ladksp esa gksaA uokc lkgc us laxfr osQ fy, (?k) mijksDr lHkh
mRlkg ugha fn[kk;kA geus Hkh muosQ lkeus dh cFkZ ij cSBdj vkRelEeku
4- uokc lkgc [khjs D;ksa ugha [kk jgs Fks\
esa vk¡[ksa pqjk yhaA
(d) ladkspo'k ([k) mUgsa [khjs vPNs ugha yxrs
1- ^futZu* dk vFkZ gSµ (x) Vªsu esa [kkuk euk gS (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(d) [kkyh ([k) tu ls jfgr
(x) vosQyk (?k) 'kwU; 5- fMCcs esa p<+rs le; ys[kd dk D;k vuqeku Fkk\
(d) fMCcs esa HkhM+ gksxh ([k) fMCck [kkyh gS
2- ^vk¡[ksa pqjk ysuk* eqgkojs dk vFkZ gSµ
(x) fMCcs esa p<+uk eqf'dy gS (?k) mijksDr lHkh
(d) vk¡[ksa isQj ysuk ([k) vk¡[ksa can djuk
mRrj % 1- (x) 2- (x) 3- (?k) 4- (d) 5- ([k)
(x) vk¡[ksa xM+kuk (?k) vk¡[ksa pkj djuk
3- lTtu oSQls Fks\ IV. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
(d) uokch uLy osQ ([k) l-isQniks'k osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
(x) y[kumQ osQ (?k) mijksDr lHkh ued&fepZ fNM+d fn, tkus ls rk”ks [khjs dh ifu;krh iQk¡oQsa ns[kdj
4- uokc lkgc dks ladksp gks ldrk gSµ ikuh eq¡g esa ”k:j vk jgk Fkk] ysfdu budkj dj pqosQ FksA vkRelEeku
(d) fdlh osQ vpkud owQn tkus dk fuckguk gh mfpr le>k] mÙkj fn;k] ^'kqfØ;k] bl oDr ryc eglwl
([k) fdlh osQ ns[kus dk ugha gks jgh] esnk Hkh ”kjk de”kksj gS] fdcyk 'kkSd iQjek,¡A*
(x) [khjs tSls vinkFkZ oLrq osQ iz;ksx djrs ns[ks tkus dk uokc lkgc us lr`".k vk¡[kksa ls ued&fepZ osQ la;ksx ls pedrh
(?k) fdlh dk Hkh ugha [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dh vksj ns[kkA f[kM+dh osQ ckgj ns[kdj nh?kZ fu'okl
fy;kA [khjs dh ,d iQk¡d mBkdj gksBksa rd ys x,A iQk¡d dks lw¡?kkA
5- ys[kd dks lTtu dh vk¡[kksa esa fn[kkµ Lokn osQ vkuan esa iyosaQ eq¡n xbZA eq¡g esa Hkj vk, ikuh dk ?kw¡V xys
(d) ozQks/ ([k) 'kkafr (x) mRlkg (?k) vlarks"k ls mrj x;kA uokc lkgc us iQk¡d dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj NksM+ fn;kA
mRrj % 1- ([k) 2- (d) 3- (?k) 4- (x) 5- (?k) rc uokc lkgc [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dks ukd osQ ikl ys tkdj] okluk
III. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa ls jlkLoknu dj f[kM+dh osQ ckgj isaQdrs x,A
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ 1- ^eq¡g esa ikuh vk tkuk* eqgkojs dk lgh vFkZ gSµ
Bkyh cSBs] dYiuk djrs jgus dh iqjkuh vknr gSA uokc lkgc dh (d) eq¡g esa ikuh Hkj tkuk ([k) th yypk tkuk
vlqfoèkk vkSj ladksp osQ dkj.k dk vuqeku djus yxsA laHko gS] (x) ikuh esa eq¡g ekjuk (?k) [kkus dks rS;kj
4 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 2- ^budkj dj pqosQ Fks]* ------- dkSu\ ([k) [khjksa osQ ckjs esa
(d) ys[kd ([k) uokc lkgc (x) [khjs osQ Lokn osQ ckjs esa
(x) ;k=kh (?k) dksbZ vU; (?k) [khjs dh lqxa/ osQ ckjs esa
3- ^esnk* D;k gksrk gS\ 5- ladfyr x|ka'k osQ ikB osQ uke dk mfpr fodYiµ
(d) vkek'k; ([k) isQiQM+k (x) xqnkZ (?k) isV (d) uokc lkgc ([k) y[kuoh vank”k
4- uokc lkgc us [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dk Lokn oSQls fy;k\ (x) [khjksa dk Lokn (?k) uokch vank”k
(d) [kkdj ([k) lw¡?kdj (x) fn[kkdj (?k) iydksa ls mRrj % 1- (x) 2- (?k) 3- ([k) 4- (d) 5- ([k)
5- uokc lkgc us [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dk D;k fd;k\ VI. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
(d) f[kM+dh ls ckgj isaQd fn;k osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
([k) [kk fy;k (x) ,sls gh NksM+ fn;k
uokc lkgc us lr`".k vk¡[kksa ls ued&fepZ osQ la;ksx ls
(?k) ys[kd dks f[kyk fn;k
pedrh [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dh vksj ns[kkA f[kM+dh osQ ckgj ns[kdj nh?kZ
mRrj % 1- ([k) 2- (d) 3- (d) 4- ([k) 5- (d) fu'okl fy;kA [khjs dh ,d iQk¡d mBkdj gksaBksa rd ys x,A iQk¡d
V. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa dks lw¡?kkA Lokn osQ vkuan esa iyosaQ eq¡n xb±A eqg¡ esa Hkj vk, ikuh dk
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)] ?kw¡V xys ls mrj x;kA rc uokc lkgc us iQk¡d dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj
NksM+ fn;kA uokc lkgc [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dks ukd osQ ikl ys tkdj]
y[kumQ LVs'ku ij [khjk cspus okys [khjs osQ bLrseky dk rjhdk jluk ls jlkLoknu dj f[kM+dh osQ ckgj isaQdrs x,A
tkurs gSaA xzkgd osQ fy, thjk&feyk ued vkSj filh gqbZ yky fepZ
uokc lkgc us [khjs dh lc iQk¡dksa dks f[kM+dh osQ ckgj isaQd
dh iqfM+;k Hkh gkf”kj dj nsrs gSaA uokc lkgc us cgqr djhus ls [khjs
dj rkSfy, ls gkFk vkSj gksaB iksN fy, vkSj xoZ ls xqykch vk¡[kksa ls
dh iQk¡dksa ij thjk&feyk ued vkSj yky fepZ dh lq[khZ cqjd nhA
gekjh vksj ns[k fy;k] ekuks dg jgs gksa&;g gS [kkunkuh jbZlksa dk
mudh izR;sd Hkko&Hkafxek vkSj tcM+ksa osQ LiqQj.k ls Li"V Fkk fd ml rjhdkA uokc lkgc [khjs dh rS;kjh vkSj bLrseky ls Fkddj ysV x,A
izfozQ;k esa mudk eq[k [khjs osQ jlkLoknu dh dYiuk ls Iykfor gks gesa rlyhe esa flj [ke dj ysuk iM+k&;g gS [kkunkuh rg”khc]
jgk FkkA ge duf[k;ksa ls ns[k jgs Fks] fe;k¡ jbZl curs gSa] ysfdu yksxksa u-iQklr vkSj u”kkdrA
dh u”kjksa ls cp ldus osQ [;ky esa viuh vlfy;r ij mrj vk,
ge xkSj dj jgs Fks] [khjk bLrseky djus ls bl rjhosQ dks [khjs
gSaA dh lqxa/ vkSj Lokn dh dYiuk ls larq"V gksus dk lw{e] u-iQhl ;k
1- dkSu ls LVs'ku ij [khjk cspus okys [khjs osQ bLrseky dk ,DLVªsDV rjhdk ”k:j dgk tk ldrk gS ijarq D;k ,sls rjhosQ ls mnj
rjhdk tkurs gSa\ dh r`fIr Hkh gks ldrh gS\
(d) fnYyh ([k) eqacbZ (x) y[kumQ (?k) bykgkckn 1- uokc lkgc us f[kM+dh osQ ckgj ns[kdj ^nh?kZ fu%'okl*
2- [khjk cspus okys [khjs osQ lkFk D;k gkf”kj djrs gSaµ D;ksa fy;k\
(d) thjk ([k) ued (d) f[kM+dh osQ ckgj ls /wy feV~Vh mM+dj [khjksa dks [kjkc
(x) yky&fepZ u dj ns
(?k) thjk&feyk ued vkSj filh yky fepZ ([k) f[kM+dh ls gok vkdj ued&fepZ u mM+k ns
3- uokc lkgc dh Hkko&Hkafxek vkSj tcM+ksa osQ LiqQj.k ls (x) os fn[kkus osQ fy, iQk¡dksa dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj isaQduk
D;k Li"V Fkk\ pkg jgs Fks ij vanj ls ,slk djuk ugha pkgrs Fks
(d) [khjs dks ltkus dk iz;kl (?k) mUgsa Mj Fkk fd ys[kd muosQ [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dks ckgj
([k) [khjs osQ Lokn dh dYiuk ls eq¡g esa ikuh vk jgk gS u isaQd ns
(x) [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dks dkVus dk ;Ru 2- [khjs dh iQk¡dksa osQ lkFk uokc lkgc us D;k ugha fd;k\
(?k) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha (d) [khjs dh iQk¡dksa dks mBkdj gksaBksa rd ys x,
([k) iQk¡d dks lw¡?kk
4- ys[kd duf[k;ksa ls ns[kdj lksp jgs Fksµ
(d) uokc lkgc dh jbZlh osQ ckjs esa (x) iQk¡d dks FkksM+k lk dkV dj [kk;k
(?k) iQk¡d dks f[kM+dh osQ ckgj fxjk fn;k
5 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 3- uokc lkgc us [khjs dh iQk¡d dks D;ksa isaQd fn;k\
(d) mUgsa [khjk ilan ugha Fkk
([k) mUgsa Mj Fkk fd ys[kd [khjk u ek¡xs
(x) [khjk [kjkc vkSj dM+qok Fkk
(?k) os viuk uokch vankt fn[kkuk pkgrs Fks
4- uokc lkgc vkSj [khjs osQ izlax osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd us
D;k dguk pkgk gS\
(d) [khjk [kkus dh t:jr ugha] osQoy lw¡?kdj isV Hkj
ldrk gS
y?kwRrjkRed ç'uksRrj
1- ys[kd xkM+h osQ fdl fMCcs esa p<+ x, vkSj D;ksa\
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % ys[kd us lsoaQM Dykl dk fVdV fy;k D;ksafd mUgksaus lkspk
Fkk fd fMCck iwjh rjg [kkyh gksxkA mlesa dksbZ ;k=kh ugha
gksxk vkSj os vkjke ls f[kM+dh osQ ikl cSBdj çkÑfrd
n`'; ns[krs gq, ubZ dgkuh osQ ckjs esa lkspsaxsA
2- uokc lkgc [khjs dks ckgj isaQddj xoZ ls D;ksa Hkj mBs\
mRrj % uokc lkgc [khjs dks ckgj isaQddj xoZ ls blfy, Hkj mBs
D;ksafd blls ys[kd osQ le{k mudh [kkunkuh jbZlh çn£'kr
gks jgh FkhA mudk uokch #rck vkSj c<+ x;k FkkA [khjs dh
lqxaèk vkSj Lokn dh dYiuk ek=k ls isV Hkj tkus dk Hkko
mUgsa vke vkneh dh Js.kh ls vyx dj jgk Fkk vkSj mudh
mPp thou&'kSyh dk çek.k çLrqr dj jgk FkkA
3- ys[kd us uokc lkgc osQ lkeus dh cFkZ ij cSBdj Hkh
vk¡[ksa D;ksa pqjkbZ\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % ys[kd us lkspk Fkk fd lsaoaQM Dykl dk fMCck [kkyh gksxk
fdarq tc fMCcs esa ?kqls rks ns[kk fd ogk¡ ,d lTtu igys
ls gh ogk¡ cSBs gSa vkSj [khjk [kkuk pkgrs gSa fdUrq mUgsa ys[kd
osQ vkus ls ladksp gks jgk gS] muosQ ,dkar esa ck/k iM+ jgh
gSA ;gh lkspdj ys[kd us uokc lkgc osQ lkeus dh cFkZ ij
cSBdj Hkh u”kjs pqjkb±A
4- ys[kd us uokc osQ ckjs esa D;k vuqeku yxk;k\
mRrj % ys[kd us uokc osQ ckjs esa vuqeku yxk;k fd 'kk;n os ml
fMCcs esa vosQys ;k=kk djuk pkgrs FksA os ugha pkgrs gksaxs fd
dksbZ lI+ksQniks'k mUgsa e¡>ys ntZs esa lI+kQj djrs ns[ksA lI+kQj dk
oDr dkVus osQ fy, [khjs [kjhns gksaxsA
5- ^y[kuoh vank”k* dgkuh ls D;k lans'k feyrk gS\
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % ^y[kuoh vank”k* dgkuh ls lans'k feyrk gS fd O;fDr dks
okLrfodrk osQ èkjkry ij jgdj gh viuk thou thuk
6 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
([k) [khjk fcuk [kk, Hkh Mdkj vk ldrh gS
(x) [khjk y”kh”k rks gksrk gS ij isV osQ jksx c<+krk gS
(?k) fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj ik=kksa osQ vHkko esa Hkh ^ubZ dgkuh*
fy[kh tk ldrh gSA
5- ladfyr x|ka'k osQ ikB osQ uke dk mfpr fodYi gSµ
(d) ckyxksfcu Hkxr ([k) y[kuoh vank”k
(x) ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh (?k) dM+ok [khjk
mRrj % 1- (x) 2- (x) 3- (?k) 4- (?k) 5- ([k)
pkfg,A dkYifud vkSj cukoVh thou&'kSyh cukdj ge
nwljksa dks rks oqQN nsj osQ fy, vkd£"kr dj ldrs gSa] ijarq
vkRefo'ys"k.k djus ij osQoy fujk'kk gh gkFk yxrh gSA
6- uokc lkgc rFkk ys[kd osQ çFke feyu dk o.kZu dhft,A
mRrj % ys[kd us lsoaQM Dykl dk fVdV ;g lkspdj fy;k Fkk fd
fMCcs esa ,dkar gksxkA tSls gh og fMCcs esa p<+s rks ogk¡ ,d
lTtu cSBs FksA ogk¡ igys ls cSBs lTtu vkjke ls vosQys cSBdj
[khjk [kkuk pkgrs FksA ys[kd osQ vkus ls mUgksaus vius ,dkar
esa ckèkk vuqHko dhA os ladksp esa iM+ x,A mUgksaus ys[kd osQ
lkFk ckrphr dj l-iQj dk lkFkh cukus dk mRlkg ugha fn[kk;kA
igyh HksaV esa nksuksa ,d&nwljs ls u”kjsa pqjkus yxsA
7- [khjs dh ?kVuk ls ys[kd D;k lkspus ij foo'k gks x;k\
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % [khjs dh ?kVuk ls ys[kd ;g lkspus dks foo'k gks x;k fd
tc [khjs dh lqxa/ vkSj dYiuk ek=k ls gh isV Hkj ldrk
gS vkSj Mdkj vk ldrh gSa rks fcuk fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj ik=kksa
osQ ys[kd dh bPNk ek=k ls ^ubZ dgkuh* D;ksa ugha fy[kh tk
ldrhA
8- ys[kd osQ vuqlkj ubZ dgkuh dk ys[kd dkSu gS\
mRrj % ys[kd osQ vuqlkj uokc tSls yksx ubZ dgkuh osQ ys[kd gks
ldrs gSa] D;ksafd ubZ dgkuh osQ ys[kd fcuk ?kVuk] fcuk ik=k
vkSj fcuk fopkj osQ dgkuh fy[kus dh odkyr djrs gSaA
¯drq ;g mruk gh vlaHko gS ftruk uokc dk fcuk [khjk
[kk, mldh lqxaèk ls isV HkjukA
9- ys[kd fdl ckr dks uokc lkgc dh vlfy;r eku
jgk Fkk\
mRrj % uokc lkgc dks [khjk [kkrs gq, ns[kdj ys[kd ;s eku jgk
Fkk fd ;s jbZl vkSj fo'ks"k ugha gSaA uokc lkgc Åij ls
vius vkidks jbZl ekurs gSa] ¯drq mudk lsdaM Dykl esa
lI+kQj djuk mudh vlfy;r dks çdV djrk gSA lkFk gh ;s
 [khjk [kk jgs gSa] tks izk;% vke yksx [kkrs gSaA
10- ys[kd us [khjk [kkus ls D;ksa euk dj fn;k\
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % ys[kd us [khjk [kkus ls euk blfy, dj fn;k Fkk D;ksfa d
,d rks uokc lkgc us fMCcs esa p<+rs le; ys[kd ls v#fp
fn[kkbZ FkhA nwljs] ,d ckj euk djus osQ ckn vkRefo'okl
cpkus osQ fy, mUgksaus [khjk [kkus ls euk dj fn;kA
11- ^y[kuoh vank”k* ikB esa fufgr O;aX; dks Li"V djsaA
mRrj % ^y[kuoh vank”k* ikB esa ys[kd us çkphu 'kkgh ijaijk ij
O;aX; fd;k gS] tks >wBs 'kku ls thrs gSa ,oa okLrfod fLFkfr
dks fNikus dk ç;Ru djrs gSaA ,sls esa mudk thou lrgh gks
tkrk gSA tks bl rjg O;FkZ osQ fn[kkos esa viuh 'kku le>rs
gSa okLro esa os Lo;a ls gh èkks[kk dj jgs gksrs gSaA ;g ikB
mu yksxksa ij O;aX; djrk gS tks fcuk ik=k] ?kVuk ,oa dFku
osQ dgkuh fy[kus tSlk ç;kl djrs gSaA tcfd buosQ vHkko
esa dgkuh dk vfLrRo gh laHko ugha gSA
12- ^,CLVªsDV* 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gS\ ;g fdu ij dVk{k
djrk gS\
mRrj % ^,ClVªsDV* dk vFkZ gSµlw{e] vewrZ] v'kjhjh ftldk dksbZ
HkkSfrd Lo:i ;k vfLrRo u gksA bl 'kCn n~okjk ys[kd us
ml iru'khy lkearh oxZ ij dVk{k fd;k gS tks okLrfodrk
-iQkWjesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,
fØ;kdyki
vè;kid@vè;kfidk Nk=kksa ls fofHkUu jktkvksa&eqxydkyhu]
ckSn~/dkyhu] xqIr dkyhu] vaxzs”kh gqowQer vkfn osQ [kku&iku ,oa
vkpkj&O;ogkj dh tkudkjh tqVkdj muesa fo'ks"k :i ls D;k varj
Fkk] bl ij d{kk esa ifjppkZ dk vk;kstu dj ldrs gSaA
vk/qfud dky esa ^iQkLV iwQM* dh ijaijk py iM+h gSA ^iQkLV
iwQM* osQ ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed igyqvksa ij fopkj&foe'kZ djsaA
lkFk gh bldk c<+rk izpyu LokLF; laca/h fdu leL;kvksa dks tUe
ns jgk gS—bl ij vkykspuk djsaA
d{kk&dk;Z
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk Nk=kksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwN ldrs gSaµ

izLrqr ikB esa eqxydkyhu lkearh izFkk dh >yd uokc lkgc
7 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
ls cs[kcj ,d cukoVh thou&'kSyh dk vknh gSA blosQ lkFk
gh ^ubZ dgkuh* osQ ys[kd oxZ ij Hkh O;aX;iw.kZ dVk{k fd;k
tks fcuk dF;] ik=k vkSj ?kVukvksa osQ gh dgkuh fy[kus esa
ç;kljr gSaA
13- uokc lkgc dh vlqfo/k vkSj ladksp osQ D;k dkj.k
jgs gksaxs\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % uokc lkgc us 'kk;n lkspk Fkk fd os lsoaQM Dykl fMCcs esa
vosQys cSBdj [khjk [kk,¡xs ¯drq tc mUgksaus ns[kk gksxk fd
,d lkekU; vkneh cSBk gS vkSj mlosQ lkeus [khjs [kkus iM+saxs
rks mUgsa vlqfo/k vkSj ladksp gqvk gksxkA
14- ^y[kuoh vank”k* ikB osQ 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk ij
çdk'k Mkfy,A
mRrj % ^y[kuoh vank”k* ikB ,d O;aX; gSA blosQ n~okjk y[kuoh
jbZlksa dh [kkunkuh rg”khc] u-iQklr vkSj u”kkdr dks
O;aX;kRed dVk{k osQ ekè;e ls çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA vkt
osQ le; esa tc lkearh oxZ dk iru gks pqdk gS fiQj Hkh
,slh laLÑfr dks yksx ¯tnk j[ks gq, gSa] tks okLrfodrk
ls cs[kcj ,d cukoVh fdLe] dh thou&'kSyh dks viuk,
gq, gS ;k ;ksa dgsa fd viuh okLrfofd fLFkfr dks fNikus
osQ fy, cukoVhiu dk pksxk igus gq, gSA vr% bl n`f"V
ls ;g 'kh"kZd lkFkZd gSA
ls feyrh gSA vo/izkar osQ oqQN uokcksa osQ uke crkb,A

^O;aX;* lkfgR; dh ,d fo/k gSA blosQ ckjs esa oqQN crkb,A

ys[kd us uokc lkgc ls ckr de dh ¯drq muosQ ckjs esa le>k
vf/dA vki bl ij viuh fVIi.kh O;Dr dhft,A

Bkyh cSBs] dYiuk djrs jguk iqjkuh vknr gS] fdldh\

xqeku] uI+kQhl] u”kkdr] lq[khZ] ,gfr;kr] fdI+kQk;r] ukeqjkn]
rg”khc] ikB esa vk, bu mnwZ 'kCnksa dk ¯gnh vFkZ crkb,A
x`g&dk;Z

vknkc&v”kZ] 'kkSd&I+kQjek,¡ tSls dFku f'k"Vkpkj ls tqM+s gSaA
viuh ekr`&Hkk"kk osQ f'k"Vkpkj lwpd 'kCnksa dh ,d lwph
cuk,¡A

dgkuh osQ fdl i{k us vkidks izHkkfor fd;k vkSj D;ksa\
fy[kdj crkb,A