2.

0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 Exploring Smartphone Applications for Effective Mobile-Assisted Language

Learning

The increasing popularity using mobile device or as the easier term to be called nowadays it a
mobile smart phone which are used for social networking, podcasting, speech recognition
that were installed in mobile application that bring the changes in Mobile- Assisted Language
Learning or known as ( MALL) which spreading learning opportunities and reshaping the old
way and conventional learning styles into the new way and easier. The widespread use of
smartphone has brought millions of mobile application to people.

Some researchers (Chinnery, 2006; Kukulska-Hulme, 2009; Kukulska-Hulme & Shield,

2008) have researched and discussed MALL, but, only incidentally, as a part of large studies
looking at Computer-Assisted Language Learning, but some unique features distinguish
MALL from other types of computer-based learning (Kukulska-Hulme & Shield, 2008). The
success of MALL depends on whether or not MALL curriculum and material developers
understand the nature of mobile learning and make the most effective use of MALL
technology.

The purpose of this study is to extend this discussion with broad, updated information
regarding currently available ESL mobile applications (apps). This study reviews over a
hundred smartphone apps that were designed for ESL learners; 87 of these were then selected
for further in-depth analysis. This study adapted the work Hubbard (1988, 2006, 2011) did in
his study “Integrated Framework for CALL Courseware Evaluation,” (Hubbard, 1988, 2006,
2011), to provide an analytical framework to look at design and evaluation criteria for mobile
based ESL software.

From both quantitative and subjective investigation of information, this analysis presents for
the general examples of normal and particular highlights of ESL portable applications; 2) the
subtle elements of these highlights and capacities were then inspected as their viability on
particular dialect aptitudes. At last, this investigation examines the qualities and shortcomings
of current ESL taking in applications from an educational and innovative point of view and
proposes the headings which may lead toward compelling improvement of future MALL.