Converting Mechanical Energy Produced by the Spinning of a Car

Tire to Electrical Energy through Flywheel(GENERATOR)

In Research Presented to
The Faculty of the College of Engineering
University of St. La Salle
Bacolod City

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirement for
the subject
EE43-Energy Conversion Lecture

Ken Romer Japitana

Arnalie May Ancella Aquino
Nadiene Narvaiz
Micole Angelie Valdevia

March 13,2019
INTRODUCTION

We all know that energy exists in many forms, and we use numerous devices on a daily basis
that convert one form of energy into another. When we speak of electromechanical energy
conversion, however, we mean either the conversion of electric energy into mechanical energy or
vice versa. For example, an electric motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy. On
the other hand, an electric generator transforms mechanical energy to electric energy. In this
chapter, our aim is to explore the basic principles of electromechanical energy conversion.

Electromechanical energy conversion is a reversible process except for the losses in the system.
The term "reversible" implies that the energy can be transferred back and forth between the
electrical and the mechanical systems. However, each time we go through an energy conversion
process, some of the energy is converted into heat and is lost from the system forever.

What is a Flywheel?

Is a heavy revolving wheel in a machine that is used to increase the machine's momentum
and thereby provide greater stability or a reserve of available power during interruptions in the
delivery of power to the machine.

What is a Flywheel Effect?

The flywheel effect is the continuation of oscillations in an oscillator circuit after the control
stimulus has been removed. This is usually caused by interacting inductive and capacitive
elements in the oscillator. Circuits undergoing such oscillations are said to be flywheeling.
The flywheel effect may be desirable, such as in phase-locked loops used
in synchronous systems, or undesirable, such as in voltage-controlled oscillators.
Flywheel effect is used in Class C modulation where efficiency of modulation can be achieved as
high as 90%.
LOCATION OF SITE
FOR VEHICLES
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM

Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor (flywheel) to a very high
speed and maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy. When energy is extracted
from the system, the flywheel's rotational speed is reduced as a consequence of the principle
of conservation of energy; adding energy to the system correspondingly results in an increase in
the speed of the flywheel.
Most FES systems use electricity to accelerate and decelerate the flywheel, but devices that
directly use mechanical energy are being developed.
Advanced FES systems have rotors made of high strength carbon-fiber composites, suspended
by magnetic bearings, and spinning at speeds from 20,000 to over 50,000 rpm in a vacuum
enclosure. Such flywheels can come up to speed in a matter of minutes – reaching their energy
capacity much more quickly than some other forms of storage.

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM AND FUNCTIONS

AC/DC RECTIFIER

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which

periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction.

AC/AC INVERTER

is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current(DC) to alternating

current (AC).
The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the
design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does not produce any power; the power is
provided by the DC source. A power inverter can be entirely electronic or may be a combination
of mechanical effects (such as a rotary apparatus) and electronic circuitry. Static inverters do
not use moving parts in the conversion process.
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Is used for energy storage.

BI-DIRECTIONAL POWER CONVERTER

Bidirectional DC-to-DC converter allows power flow in both forward and reverse
directions. Such a converter is specially suited for applications like electric traction because :

(1) It converts a fixed DC battery voltage into a higher DC voltage suitable for traction motor.
Also, the output DC voltage can be varied to control the speed of the motor.

(2) During regenerative braking (a kind of energy saving electrical braking), the kinetic energy
of wheels is fed back to the battery. During this process, motor acts as generator, converts wheel
rotation into electricity and feeds it back to the battery through converter.

Bidirectional converter is also called two quadrant converter or four quadrant converter (if both
voltage and current can change directions).

PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT/DEVELOPMENT

HOW’S AND WHY’S OF YOUR PROPOSAL

TECHNICAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) Components

1) Flywheel (Rotor) – It is a rotating mass which stores the kinetic energy and it’s design
depends on the storage capacity and the maximum rotating speed. The rotor consists of the rim,
the motor rotor and the hub.

2) Motor/Generator – A machine is coupled to the flywheel to enable storing electric energy

in the form of kinetic energy. The motor/generator works as a generator during supplying
energy to be driven by the flywheel.

3) Rotor Bearing - The deisgn of bearings is one of the critical points in the FESS desgn as
the flywheel is supposed to have minimum friction while rotating to reduce the losses and
maintenance requirements.

4) Containment – Containment and casing are important for safety and improving FESS
performance. The casing is a vessel or an enclosure which surround the FESS components
preventing any damages or injuries in case of flywheel failure.
5) Power conversion/conditioning system – usually has two converters (back-to-back
converter; one of the motor/generator and the other for the grid connecting by a common DC.

ACTUAL PICTURES OF SITE/TECHNOLOGY

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