MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

First Aid is the medical aid rendered at a crime or accident scene by a citizen or first
responder. The procedures given here are the basic steps for rendering first aid. A more
detailed description of first aid will be given in Unit 10. When coming across an
accident victim the following procedures must be taken:
1. Render First Aid.
2. Get medical help ASAP.
3. Be prepared to transport if necessary.
4. Know the appropriate agency to notify.

Getting immediate medical attention can take several forms. Some plants designate a
specific
employee who is trained in first aid. There will be one or more of these employees
assigned to each shift to render the immediate medical attention. Other plants retain a
resident nurse on all shifts. Some plants even retain a physician. In some cases, the
security officer must be trained to render the immediate first aid attention. Determine
the specific procedure for your site and be sure to know in advance what to do in the
event of an accident.
In general, a person involved in an industrial accident will go into shock (see
section on first aid). He or she may not be fully able to talk or think rationally. Never
discuss the extent of the injury with the person involved as you may cause further
problems. Instead, be calm and reassuring. Be helpful and comforting. Always treat for
shock if you are the first person to see the injured person. Getting the person transported
to a medical facility is a matter that you should be thoroughly familiar with from your
post emergency procedures. In general, don't allow an injured person to drive himself
to a medical facility. Remember, he or she is apt to be in shock and could become
involved in a traffic accident because of the shock condition. If there is no other way, a
taxi can be used. Most plants designate a specific ambulance service to be called to
transport injured people to medical facilities. If this is the case at your facility, keep the
phone number with you at all times with your other emergency numbers. Of course,
you can always call the police or sheriff's department and ask for an ambulance. The
law enforcement agencies will provide for transportation by calling and ambulance
service. The important thing to remember is to follow your post order procedure. If
there is no post order procedure, then follow the principles outlined here. About
rendering first aid, you should not do so unless you have been properly trained. You
must obtain a Red Cross First Aid card if you plan to remain a professional security
officer. It's really your professional obligation to do so. Each emergency may present
major problems that would be difficult to plan for. You must keep calm, seek
emergency assistance and remember your primary concern is to protect life and
property.

Basic First Aid

Step 1 Recognize Medical Emergency
A. Choking -- Breathing Difficulty
B. Severe Bleeding
C. Heart Attack
D. Poisoning
E. Serious Industrial Accident - burns etc.
Step 2 Number to call - 911
Step 3 Know What to Say
Information You May Need to Provide When Calling EMS
Calling Party
• Our name
• Call back telephone number
Nature of the Emergency
• Extent of injuries and/or type of illness
• Number of patients
Location
• Location and grid coordinates
• Provide large landmarks if possible

PROCEDURE TO FOLLOW IN THE EVENT OF INJURY

Because of the liability involved, contract security personnel should refrain from
rendering first aid unless the situation dictates that it is absolutely necessary. If
arrangements are made with the client to supply personnel with first aid training, special
training is then required of Security Officers assigned. You must
use the greatest care and refrain from any practices that would (1) jeopardize the well-
being of an injured person or (2) increase the company's liability.
It is usually against company procedures to transport an injured person in your private
vehicle or a company vehicle. If the injury is minor, assist by calling a taxi to take the
injured person to the posted medical treatment center. In all cases first determine the
proper response as specified in the Post Orders.

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

1. Survey the scene, is it safe?
2. Do a primary survey. Check for unresponsiveness, then A B C.
 Airway
 Breathing
 Circulation
3. Call for emergency medical assistance
4. Do a secondary survey
 Interview
 Vital signs

Head-To-Toe Assessments
Determine, as clearly as possible, the extent of injuries.
Determine what type of treatment is needed.
Document injuries
Conduct on all victims, even those that are awake.
Conduct your head-to-toe assessment systematically, checking body parts from the top
to the bottom in the following order:
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Shoulders
4. Chest
5. Arms
6. Abdomen
7. Pelvis
 8. Legs
9. Back
Use verbal skills if patient is able to speak. Ask about any injuries, pain, bleeding, or
other symptoms. Try
to reduce anxiety. Use hands on after permission from victim; the victim has the right
to refuse treatment.
Pay careful attention. Look, listen and feel for anything unusual. Try to determine the
mechanism of injury.
 (How the victim got hurt).
 Watch for signs of shock, airway obstructions, labored, shallow, or difficulty
breathing.
 Watch for excessive bleeding, bruising, swelling, severe pain, disfigurement.
 Check your own hands periodically during the assessment for bleeding on your
gloves.
Step 1 Recognize Medical Emergency
 Choking -- Breathing Difficulty
 Severe Bleeding
 Heart Attack
 Poisoning
 Serious Industrial Accident - burns etc.
Step 2 Number to call - 911
Step 3 Know What to Say
 State calmly, " This is a medical emergency "
 State calmly, " I need an ambulance at_______________ "
 State calmly, “Our name, location of the victim, nearest crossroad, number you
are calling from.”
DO NOT HANG UP!! FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS!!
Step 4 Know What to Do
A. Contact additional help if the situation dictates and it is possible to do so.
B. Remain with the victim until help arrives.
C. Unless necessary, do not move the victim (fire, immediate danger)
D. Keep the victim warm and comfortable.
E. Practice first aid only if you have the ability and then only to the extent that
the emergency dictates, severe bleeding, stoppage of breathing, shock.
F. Contact your Supervisor as soon as possible.

FIRST AID PROCEDURES

SHOCK
In almost every case of injury, there is some degree of shock. Often the victim feels
weak and wants to sit or lie down. Sometimes, he or she becomes nauseous. When
found in such a condition, the victim is usually described as being shaken-up. Actually
he or she is suffering from shock. Shock is defined as "a state of depression of the vital
processes of the body, which occurs as a result of wounds, crushing injuries, blows
inflicting pain, burns, poisoning and other similar injuries." The severity of shock may
vary from merely a moment's weakness to death. It is important to remember that the
condition of shock may be more dangerous to the victim than the injury, which caused
it. In most instances, the condition of shock can be recognized by one or more of the
following symptoms:
- Pale face
 - Cold, clammy skin
- Perspiration on the forehead and palms of the hands
- Weak but a rapid pulse
- Shallow and irregular breathing
-Nausea
- Fright or apprehension on the part of the victim
When administering first aid to a seriously injured person, always treat for shock even
if the symptoms are not apparent.
The proper treatment for shock is:
- keep the patient lying down with his head lower than his feet (except in the event of a
head injury)
- Stop bleeding
- Keep patient warm, but not sweating
- Send for medical aid
- Give small amounts of water if the patient is thirsty. Do not give the water if the patient
is nauseated, unconscious or has a penetrating abdominal wound. In review, remember
these two important points:
a. Shock can cause death
b. Always treat a seriously injured person for shock.

CHOKING
If the person is choking but can breathe, speak or cough, DO NOT interfere with the
person unless the choking continues without lessening. In that case, call immediately
for emergency medical help. If the person is choking and CANNOT breathe, speak or
cough, have someone call immediately for emergency help while you:
1) If the person is conscious:
A) Ask if the person wants your assistance. Officers will state their Red Cross
Certification
before performing any first aid procedure.
B) Position yourself behind the person wrapping your arms around his middle
just above the
navel. Make a double fist with your hands and press in and up quickly, several
times.
Repeat this action several times.
2) If the person is unconscious:
A Place person on floor and begin artificial respiration. If the person does not
seem to be getting air in this manner,
B Place the person on his back. Place one hand over the other with the heel of
the bottom hand placed slightly above the navel and below the rib cage. Press
into the person's abdomen with a quick upward thrust. Repeat four times as
needed. Then,
C Clear the person's air passage by holding his mouth open while using your
thumb to depress his tongue.
D Use your index finger to reach into his throat and feel for a foreign object,
which might be blocking his air passage. Repeat all of # 2, above, if necessary.

PERSON WHO IS UNCONSCIOUS

Before assisting someone, who is unconscious, check around the person to see if there
may be any external reason for his condition (electrical current, for example - if so,
shutoff electricity).
1 Speak to the person. See if he or she will respond to either your voice or by shaking
his shoulder. If he or she does not respond, check to see if he or she is breathing.
A Place person flat on his back and loosen any clothing around the neck and
chest area.
B Lift his neck with one hand and tilt head back by hold the top of the head with
your other hand.
C. Listen and watch his chest for any signs of breathing.
D If breathing is faint or nonexistent, have someone immediately call for
emergency medical help while you begin artificial respiration.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
1 Adult
A Pinch the person's nose while holding his head back. Hold the head back by
placing your hand on his forehead. Our other hand should be supporting his
neck while lifting slightly to help keep his air passage open.
B Take a deep breath and place your mouth over the person's mouth. Blow air
into his mouth until you see his chest rise.
C Remove your mouth and let the person exhale while you take another deep
breath and repeat (b and c) until help arrives.
D Repeat every 5 seconds, using 12 breaths per minute.
2 Child
A Tilt child's head slightly back while holding the forehead.
B Take a breath and blow air in small puffs into child's nose and mouth.
C Listen for the child to exhale
D Repeat once every 3 seconds using 20 breaths per minute until help arrives.

HEART ATTACK
1 If the person is experiencing:
A Severe chest pains
B Pains from the chest to the arm, neck or jaw
C Vomiting, weakness, sweating or nausea, or;
D Pain extending across the shoulders
CALL FOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL HELP IMMEDIATELY!
2 If the person is not breathing:
A Start artificial respiration immediately
3 If you cannot find a heartbeat:
A CPR may be required and should only be applied by someone who is properly
trained, you should know who, if anyone, in the building has had CPR training.

BLEEDING
1. Apply direct pressure over the wound using:
A. Sterile gauze pads, if available, clean handkerchief, etc.
B Apply steady, direct pressure for approximately 5 to 10 minutes. Most
bleeding will stop within a few minutes.
C If bleeding is from a limb (arm/leg), slightly elevate the limb.
2 Head injuries
A. Apply gentle pressure to would so as not to press any bone chips that may be
present into the brain.
B Immobilize the neck and head.
C Call immediately for emergency medical assistance.
 D NEVER give drugs or alcohol to someone with a head injury.
3 Internal Bleeding
A. If suspected (usually indicated by coughing up blood), keep person lying flat
and breathing deeply.
B Call immediately for emergency medical help.
C DO NOT give any liquids or medicine to the person.

BURNS
1 Minor Fire Burns
A. Apply cold water for 20 to 30 minutes to relieve swelling and pain. NEVER
use any type of greasy substance on a burn.
2 SERIOUS BURNS
A Call immediately for emergency medical help.
B Wrap person in a clean towel that has been dipped in room temperature water.
C Keep person lying down and calm. DO NOT try to clean the burns or remove
any of the person's clothing.
3 EYE BURNS
A Flush with cool water from the inside of the affected eye to the outer corner
to avoid contaminating the other eye unless both eyes are involved and then
cover the eye with a damp clean cloth.
B Seek medical attention immediately.
4 ELECTRICAL BURNS
A Person must seek IMMEDIATE medical attention.
5 CHEMICAL BURNS
A Flush with cool water (a shower if possible).
B Remove any clothing that was subjected to chemicals (avoid it yourself).
C Wrap person in clean, wet sheet and seek immediate emergency medical care.

ELECTRICAL SHOCK
1 Be sure all electrical currents to the person are shutoff (use a dry stick to move away
a "live wire").
A Check for breathing (apply artificial respiration, if necessary).
B Call immediately for emergency medical help.
C Keep person warm.
D Do not administer any liquids.

SEIZURE
1 DO NOT try to stop the seizure, instead:
A Call for medical help.
B Let the seizure run its course. It will usually stop after a few minutes.
C Do not restrain, slap, or douse the person with water.
D If possible, help the person to lie down to help prevent injury and remove any
objects in the area that might injure the person.
E When the seizure has ended, help the person lie down and remain calm until
medical help arrives, loosen any restrictive clothing.
2 AFTER THE SEIZURE
A Be sure to check the person's breathing.
B If necessary, start artificial respiration immediately.
C Look for a medical emergency bracelet, necklace, or card that can provide
further medical information or requirements.
 D Keep the person calm and quiet and then wait for medical help.

BROKEN BONES
Broken bones are not usually fatal. If safe to do so, DO NOT move the injured person.
If the person is in immediate danger, move them carefully and only as far as needed to
find a safe area.
1 If the person is not breathing, immediately start artificial respiration.
2 If the person is bleeding, apply direct pressure to wound
3 Keep the person calm and quiet
A Immediately call for emergency medical help.
B If the broken bone is protruding from the skin, apply a damp dressing to
protect the wound.
C Keep the person lying down.
D If necessary, apply splints to prevent the person from moving. This will also
help to prevent added pain.

HEAD, NECK, AND SPINAL INJURIES. - Possible signs may include:

 Change in consciousness.
 Inability to move one or more body parts.
 Severe pain or pressure in head, neck, or back.
 Tingling or numbness in extremities.
 Difficulty breathing or seeing.
 Heavy bleeding, bruising, or deformity of the head or spine.
 Blood or fluid in the nose or ears.
 Bruising behind the ear. (Also known as battle signs)
 "Raccoon” eyes (bruising around eyes).
 Seizures.
 Nausea or vomiting.
Victim found under collapsed building material or heavy debris. (Mechanism
of injury). If victim exhibits any of the above signs you may want to treat as if that
person had a closed head, neck, or spinal injury.

RESOURCE MATERIALS: Red Cross Basic First Aid Book

MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
Work Accidents
Industrial accidents are often called work accidents. Accidents range from minor cuts
and bruised to severe injury and death. Each industrial plant will have a specific
procedure to handle accidents.
Regardless of the specifics, the general principles are the same:
1 . Get immediate medical attention.
2. Be prepared to transport the injured person to a medical facility.
Getting immediate medical attention can take several forms. Some plants
designate a specific employee who is trained in first aid. There will be one or more of
these employees assigned to each shift to render the immediate medical attention. Other
plants retain a resident nurse on all shifts. Some plants even retain a physician. In some
cases, the security officer must be trained to render the immediate first aid attention.
Determine the specific procedure for your site and be sure to know in advance what to
do in the event of an accident.
 In general, a person involved in an industrial accident will go into shock (see
section on first aid). He or she may not be fully able to talk or think rationally. Never
discuss the extent of the injury with the person involved as you may cause further
problems. Instead, be calm and reassuring. Be helpful and comforting. Always treat for
shock if you are the first person to see the injured person.
Getting the person transported to a medical facility is a matter that you should
be thoroughly familiar with from your post emergency procedures. In general, don't
allow an injured person to drive himself to a medical facility. Remember, he or she is
apt to be in shock and could become involved in a traffic accident because of the shock
condition. If there is no other way, a taxi can be used.
Most plants designate a specific ambulance service to be called to transport
injured people to medical facilities. If this is the case at your facility, keep the phone
number with you at all times with your other emergency numbers. Of course, you can
always call the police or sheriff's department and ask for an ambulance. The law
enforcement agencies will provide for transportation by calling and ambulance service.
The important thing to remember is to follow your post order procedure. If there is no
post order procedure, then follow the principles outlined here.
About rendering first aid, you should not do so unless you have been properly
trained. You must obtain a Red Cross First Aid card if you plan to remain a professional
security officer. It is really your professional obligation to do so.
Each emergency may present major problems that would be difficult to plan for.
You must keep calm, seek emergency assistance and remember your primary concern
is to protect life and property.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (Section iii) states in effect that those individuals
employed as representatives of a company or business are to aid the handicapped
whenever possible. This means Officers are required to introduce themselves to
apparent disabled individuals and provide any necessary to make that individual more
comfortable with their surroundings. This Act is enforced at every federal, state, and
city level, and must be continually remembered by security officers.

Handling the Physically Disabled

Guidelines - evacuation assistance to wheelchair users
A basic method of assistance shall be derived from one of the Following: (Always ask
the person first, how best to handle their situation)
1. Can the person and the appliance be handled easily and effectively?
2. Can the person be physically lifted and carried the distance required? (Take
into account weight, physical harm, and restrictive appliances).
3. Can temporary relocation by another device work better?
a. Office chair
b. Blanket
c. Stretcher
d. Other means

Personal contact and physical practice is necessary to afford safety to both

parties. Always use correct body mechanics in Lifting! (Bend at knees, back straight,
etc.) Know and advise the disabled person that they will be entering evacuation lines
last. This is done so as not to impede already moving foot traffic and to avoid the risk
of injury. If stairwell movement becomes threatened in any way, the person and device
may be placed in the corner of a stairwell landing. The aides will then send word of the
situation and remain with the person until arrival of fire department or other assistance.
An alternate procedure would call for the disabled person being wheeled to an
elevator lobby for removal through fire department operated car. This operation should
be utilized only if the situation is not immediately hazardous and an emergency
stairwell is not in close proximity.

HOMELAND SECURITY
Course Objectives
Virtually all of the Homeland Security training promotes self-preparedness. The reason
for this emphasis is that in an emergency/natural disaster, past experience indicates that
when a security officer’s family is being taken care of, the officer will be available for
work. In a major disaster, assistance may be days away....so it best to be prepared. Upon
completion of this training activity, officers will possess knowledge of Homeland
Security and the Homeland Security Advisory System, as well as the important role
they play in Homeland Security and how to prepare for this role.

In addition, officers will gain an understanding of the following:

A. The foundational security guidelines that are a hallmark of Homeland
Security
B. The five levels of the Homeland Security Advisory System
C. The usefulness of a Homeland Security Advisory response matrix as a check-
off, reminder, and a training tool
D. The Homeland Security Department's preparedness guide for the survival
basics
E. Homeland Security guidelines for an incident at a high-rise office

STUDENT PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this training activity, officers will possess knowledge of Homeland
Security and the Homeland Security Advisory System, as well as the important role
they play in Homeland Security and how to prepare for this role. In addition, officers
will gain an understanding of the following:
A. The foundational security guidelines that are a hallmark of Homeland
Security
B. The five levels of the Homeland Security Advisory System
C. The usefulness of a Homeland Security Advisory response matrix as a check-
off, reminder, and a training tool
D. The Homeland Security Department's preparedness guide for the survival
basics
E. Homeland Security guidelines for an incident at a high-rise office

LESSON SUMMARY
1. Homeland Security is simply another extension of what Security Officers do in malls,
office complexes, industrial plants, hospitals, and resorts every day.
2. President Bush stated that the mission of Homeland Security is to “secure the
American homeland and to protect the American people.”
3. The role of a security officer is to secure property and to protect all staff, visitors,
and others.
This is the same role of Homeland Security.
4. At its most basic form, away from intelligence gathering and special operations, the
means of protecting America still follow foundational security guidelines such as:
a. Awareness
b. Training
c. Communication
d. Preparedness
e. Testing
5. So, what is Homeland Security? You will start first with a discussion of the
Homeland Security Advisory System.
6. The advisory system is designed to provide a quick reference to the populace, law
enforcement, and security at all levels of the threat potential for a terrorist attack. While
the color codes are almost self-explanatory, the proper response to them is not.
7. As a review, the Homeland Security Department makes the following
recommendations for actions to be taken at each threat level.

Low Level GREEN

 Refine and exercise as appropriate preplanned Protective Measures.
 Ensure personnel receive proper training on the Homeland Security Advisory
System and specific preplanned department or agency Protective Measures.
 Institutionalize a process to ensure that all facilities and regulated sectors are
regularly assessed for vulnerabilities to terrorist attacks, and all reasonable
measures are taken to mitigate these vulnerabilities.

Guarded Condition BLUE

 Check communications with designated emergency response or command
locations .
 Review and update emergency response procedures.
 Provide the public with any information that would strengthen its ability to act
appropriately.

Elevated Condition YELLOW

 Increase surveillance of critical locations.
 Coordinate emergency plans as appropriate with nearby jurisdictions.
 Assess whether the precise characteristics of the threat require the further
refinement of preplanned Protective Measures.
 Implement, as appropriate, contingency and emergency response plans.

High Condition ORANGE

 Coordinate necessary security efforts with Federal, state, and local law
enforcement agencies or any National Guard or other appropriate armed forces
organizations.
 Take additional precautions at public events and possibly consider alternative
venues or even cancellation.
 Prepare to execute contingency procedures such as moving to an alternate site
or dispersing their workforce.
 Restrict threatened facility access to essential personnel only.

Severe Condition RED

  Increase or redirect personnel to address critical emergency needs.
 Assign emergency response personnel and pre-position and mobilize specially
trained teams or resources.
 Monitor, redirect, or constrain transportation systems.
 Close public and government facilities.

8. Does your workplace have duties outlined that help you to understand your specific
responsibilities at your duty station for each threat level?

EVENT
A Terrorist Attack has occurred
If the event has occurred locally or within the Operational Area:
1. All actions in previous levels plus:
2. Increased measures should be taken according to existing internal
emergency management (disaster) plans. Such as bomb threats, evacuations,
traffic control, crowd control, and assisting first responders, or direction
from law enforcement, EMS Agency, or local health officer.
3. Review shelter-in-place procedures for employees.
4. Prepare for possible decontamination of victims including inventory of PPE
and review of procedures.
5. Provide mental health services for employees, patients and families to allay
fears and anxiety.
6. Cease non-essential operational functions and redirect personnel to critical
duties/functions.
5. Communicate with local Operational Area Emergency Operations Center on situation
status damage report, and head count.
6. The common theme in this response plan is that, at their basic level, these are
common tasks that security professionals do every day.
7.. Protection is based upon preparedness. According to the Department of Homeland
Security, when preparing for a possible emergency situation, it's best to think first about
the basics of survival: fresh water, food, clean air and warmth.

a. Water
• One gallon of water per person per day, for drinking and sanitation
• Children, nursing mothers, and sick people may need more water.
• If you live in a warm weather climate more water may be necessary.
• Store water tightly in clean plastic containers such as soft drink bottles.
• Keep at least a three-day supply of water per person.
b. Food
• Store at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food.
• Select foods that require no refrigeration, preparation or cooking and little or
no water.
• Pack a manual can opener and eating utensils.
• Choose foods your family will eat. Be sure to include the following:
— Ready-to-eat canned meats, fruits and vegetables
— Protein or fruit bars
— Dry cereal or granola
— Peanut butter
— Dried fruit
— Nuts
 — Crackers
— Canned juices
— Non-perishable pasteurized milk
— High energy foods
— Vitamins
— Food for infants
— Comfort/stress foods
c. Clean Air
Many potential terrorist attacks could send tiny microscopic "junk" into the air.
For example, an explosion may release very fine debris that can cause lung
damage. A biological attack may release germs that can make you sick if inhaled
or absorbed through open cuts. Many of these agents can only hurt you if they
get into your body, so think about creating a barrier between yourself and any
contamination.
d. Nose and Mouth Protection
 Face masks or dense-weave cotton material that snugly covers your nose
and mouth and is specifically fit for each member of the family. Do
whatever you can to make the best fit possible for children.
 Be prepared to improvise with what you have on hand to protect your
nose, mouth, eyes and cuts in your skin. Anything that fits snugly over
your nose and mouth, including any dense-weave cotton material, can
help filter contaminants in an emergency. It is very important that most
of the air you breathe comes through the mask or cloth, not around it.
 Do whatever you can to make the best fit possible for children. There is
also a variety of facemasks readily available in hardware stores that are
rated based on how small a particle they can filter in an industrial setting.
 Given the different types of attacks that could occur, there is not one
solution for masking.
 For instance, simple cloth face masks can filter some of the airborne
"junk" or germs you might breathe into your body but will probably not
protect you from chemical gases. Still, something over your nose and
mouth in an emergency is better than nothing. Limiting how much
"junk" gets into your body may impact whether or not you get sick or
develop disease.

e. First Aid Kit

In any emergency, a family member, co-worker or you yourself may be cut,
burned or suffer other injuries. If you have these basic supplies, you are better
prepared to help your loved ones when they are hurt. Remember, many injuries
are not life threatening and do not require immediate medical attention.
Knowing how to treat minor injuries can make a difference in an emergency.
Consider taking a first aid class, but simply having the following things can help
you stop bleeding, prevent infection and assist in decontamination.
Essential items for a first aid kit:
• Two pairs of Latex or other sterile gloves (if you are allergic to Latex).
• Sterile dressings to stop bleeding.
• Cleansing agent/soap and antibiotic towelettes to disinfect.
• Antibiotic ointment to prevent infection.
• Burn ointment to prevent infection.
• Adhesive bandages in a variety of sizes.
 • Eye wash solution to flush the eyes or as general decontaminant.
• Thermometer (Read more: Biological Threat)
• Prescription medications you take every day such as insulin, heart medicine
and asthma inhalers. You should periodically rotate medicines to account for
expiration dates.
• Prescribed medical supplies such as glucose and blood pressure monitoring
equipment and supplies.
Helpful items to include in a first aid kit:
• Cell Phone
• Scissors
• Tweezers
• Tube of petroleum jelly or other lubricant
Non-prescription drugs to include in a first aid kit:
• Potassium Iodide (Read more: Nuclear Blast)
• Aspirin or non-aspirin pain reliever
• Anti-diarrhea medication
• Antacid (for upset stomach)
• Syrup of Ipecac (use to induce vomiting if advised by the Poison Control
Center)
• Laxative
• Activated charcoal (use if advised by the Poison Control Center)

1. These items are just as needed in case of a tornado, hurricane, flood, fire, or
other natural or manmade disaster and can prove the difference between survival
with little more than inconvenience or serious injury or even death.
2. The Department of Homeland Security further outlines guidelines for response
to a threat or incident for high-rise offices. These guidelines, direct from the
Homeland Security Website, are outlined on the following page.

GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSE TO A THREAT OR INCIDENT

AT HIGH-RISE OFFICES
Department of Homeland Security
AT WORK AND SCHOOL
Like individuals and families, schools, daycare providers, workplaces, neighborhoods
and apartment buildings should all have site-specific emergency plans. Ask about plans
at the places where your family spends the most time: work, school and other places
you frequent. If none exists, consider volunteering to help develop one. You will be
better prepared to reunite safely with your family during an emergency if you think
ahead and communicate with others in advance. For more information on working
together, visit Citizen Corps.

NEIGHBORHOODS AND APARTMENT BUILDINGS

A community working together during an emergency makes sense.
• Talk to your neighbors about how you can work together during an emergency.
• Find out if anyone has specialized equipment like a power generator, or
expertise such as medical knowledge, that might help in a crisis.
• Decide who will check on elderly or disabled neighbors.
• Make back-up plans for children in case you can’t get home in an emergency.
• Sharing plans and communicating in advance is a good strategy.
SCHOOLS AND DAYCARE
If you are a parent, or guardian of an elderly or disabled adult, make sure schools and
daycare providers have emergency response plans.
• Ask how they will communicate with families during a crisis.
• Ask if they store adequate food, water and other basic supplies.
• Find out if they are prepared to “shelter-in-place” if need be, and where they
plan to go if they must get away.

For more information on developing emergency preparedness plans for schools, please
visit the
U.S. Department of Education at http://www.ed.gov/emergencyplan.

EMPLOYERS
If you are an employer, make sure your workplace has a building evacuation plan that
is regularly practiced.
• Take a critical look at your heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system
to determine if it is secure or if it could feasibly be upgraded to better filter
potential contaminants and be sure you know how to turn it off if necessary.
• Think about what to do if your employees cannot go home.
• Make sure you have appropriate supplies on hand.
10. There are five things that you, as security professionals, can do to prepare for your
role in
Homeland Security:
a. Stay informed – Utilize industry sources such as The Department of
Homeland Security (www.dhls.gov) ASIS International (www.asisonline.org),
the media, and the Internet to keep up with changing threat concerns. Google™
is an excellent research tool. Type in HOMELAND or HOMELAND
SECURITY RESPONSE PLANS and see all of the information that you can
retrieve.
b. Stay alert – The federal government calls this VIGILANCE. Vigilance, put
simply, is awareness. Remember, that suspicious activity is suspicious activity,
whether it is a car break-in or terrorist activity. However, don’t kid yourself into
thinking that the competency level of a well-trained terrorist is the same as a car
thief. To be an active partner in Homeland Security, officers need to match the
professional level of terrorists.
c. Stay trained – Take advantage of all company training, online training, and
community training. Community colleges and technical schools are beginning
to offer courses on homeland security. Other classes are available online.
d. Stay involved – Defeating terror will require a cooperative effort between
the public and private sectors. Take part in community drills, volunteer to work
with emergency responders, and do anything that you can to support your
country’s efforts. The payoff is not only increased security but also career
advancement.
e. Stay open-minded – It is easy to stereotype terrorists as all Middle Eastern
males. While Law Enforcement agencies can “profile” based upon the threat
and criminal activity, this is done with extensive research and planning. Security
officers typically do not have these resources. Also remember this, profiling
terrorist activity as a Middle Eastern male-dominated problem would have
missed:
• Timothy McVeigh
 • The Unabomber
• The D.C. Snipers
• Eco-Terrorists
Introduction to Emergency Response
Typically the site manual can be used as a reference manual for those situations
that may be referred to when a question of policy or procedure exists. However, security
officers must know the proper response in cases of emergency situations. Again, it is
most important to recognize that when an emergency situation exists, the security
officer must be so practiced as to response that if the manual is not readily available, he
or she may be able to provide the correct response/actions in the timeliest manner.

Department of Homeland Security

Homeland Security is a Cabinet Department that is tasked with coordinating all
agencies and organizations associated with:
 Intelligence gathering,
 Contingency planning,
 Training,
 Border patrols,
 Response to terrorist attacks,
 Natural disasters

Terrorism
Since September 11, 2000, the threat of domestic and international terrorism
has become real for every American. However, few really understand what it is, how it
works, and how it carries out its operations. The following describes the information
that most security officers need to know about the basics of terrorism.
 Terrorism is the use of force or violence against individuals to:
 Intimidate, or coerce governments or societies
 To achieve political, religious, or ideological objectives.
 Terrorism is either domestic or international depending on origin, base,
and objectives.
 Terrorists operate in cells of 5 to 10 people.
 They operate like a paramilitary organization.
 They conduct intelligence gathering activities, fund raising, logistics,
planning, training, exercises, command and control, support, and
operations activities.

Terrorism - 7 Signs and Signals

It is more important than ever for all security officers to be able to detect and deter
possible threats of terror. It is vitally important for all of you to realize that incidents do
not occur in a vacuum. They are planned, organized, and carried out by individuals
acting alone or in groups. There are seven categories, of suspicious activities:

Intelligence Activities
A. Surveillance
If there is a specific target that terrorists have chosen, that target area will
be most likely be observed during the planning phase of the operation. They do this
in order to determine the strengths, weaknesses, and number of personnel that may
respond to an incident. Routes to and from the target are usually established during
the surveillance phase. Therefore, it is important to take note of such things as
someone recording or monitoring activities, drawing diagrams or annotating on
maps, the use of vision-enhancing devices, having in one's possession floor plans
or blue prints of places such as high-tech firms, financial institutions, government,
or military facilities. Any of these surveillance-type acts MAY be an indicator that
something just is not right. No questionable activity is unimportant. If in doubt,
report it. It is better to report it, and then find out it was nothing than to ignore it
and find out that it was essential information that could have prevented a terrorist
attack.

B. Elicitation
The second sign or signal is elicitation. This means anyone attempting to gain
information about a person, place, or operation. An example is someone attempting
to gain knowledge about a critical infrastructure like a power plant, water reservoir,
or a maritime port. Terrorists may attempt to research bridge and tunnel usage, make
unusual inquiries concerning shipments, or inquire as to how a military base
operates. They may also attempt to place "key" people in sensitive work locations.

C. Exercises that Test Security

Exercises that tests security are another area in which terrorists attempt to gather
data. These are usually conducted by driving by the target, moving into sensitive
areas, and observing security or law enforcement response. They would observe the
time it takes first responders to react to an incident or the routes taken to a specific
location. They may also try to penetrate physical security barriers or observe
procedures in order to assess strengths and weaknesses. They often gain legitimate
employment at key locations in order to monitor day-to-day activities. In any event,
they need this information in order to plan the final operation.

D. Acquiring Supplies and Logistics

Another area to be cognizant of is acquiring supplies, training, documents such
as passports and ID cards, disguises, one-way tickets for a particular airline. It may
also be someone purchasing or stealing explosives, weapons, or ammunition. It
could also be someone storing harmful chemicals or laboratory equipment.
Terrorists also find it useful to have in their possession law enforcement equipment
and identification, military uniforms, and decals, as well as flight passes, line
badges, employee badges and other secure items to impersonate and infiltrate
protected areas. Other items they may acquire would be flight manuals.
If they cannot find the opportunity to steal these types of things, they may try to
photocopy ID's, attempt to make passports or other forms of identification by
counterfeiting. Possessing any of these would make it easier for one to gain entrance
into secured or usually prohibited areas. In 1999, terrorist organizations were
ordering supplies from a food storage and survivalist company, by mail. Besides
food supplies, they also ordered military special forces manuals, gas masks, and
night vision goggles. One of the employees became suspicious and reported the
transaction to the FBI. They had already been watching this company for some time
and were able to move in and shut it down.

E. Suspicious People Who Do not Belong

A fifth pre-incident indicator is observing suspicious people who just "don't
belong." This does not mean you should profile individuals by race but what it does
 mean is that you should profile suspicious behaviors. This includes strange border
crossings and stowaways aboard a ship or people jumping ship in a port. It may
mean having someone in a workplace, building, neighborhood, or business
establishment that does not fit in because of their demeanor, their language usage,
or unusual questions they are asking.
Al-Qaeda used to plant operatives at USO centers to ask service members about
their destination, jobs, home stations, ranks, and troop movements. Security officers
may have to respond to a complaint that may appear to be a routine investigation
but results in something much bigger in scope. Some organizations also have a
secure compound with guards, concertina wire, and very secretive operations. This
could be a training camp, a base of operations, or a storage facility for their stockpile
of weapons and ammunition.

F. Dry Runs
Another sign to watch for is the "dry run.” Before executing the final operation,
the terrorist operatives will conduct a practice session (dry run) to work out the
flaws and unanticipated problems. A dry run may very well be the heart of the
planning stage for a terrorist act. If you find someone monitoring a police radio
frequency and recording emergency response times, you may very well be
observing a "dry run." Another element of this activity could include mapping out
routes and determining the timing of traffic lights and flow or trying to test security
by trying to crash a gate to a gated community, a military installation, or any other
secured facility. It is during this stage that you have your best chance to intercept
and stop an attack. Multiple dry runs are normally conducted at or near the target
area.

G. Deploying Assets and Marshaling Into Position

The seventh and final sign or signal to look for is someone marshaling or deploying
assets to get into position to carry off the attack. This is a person's last chance to alert
authorities before the terrorist act occurs. The reason there were not more casualties at
the terrorist attack at Khobar Towers was because an observant airman saw the fuel
truck parking by the perimeter fence. He sounded the alarm for everyone to evacuate
the dormitories. Unfortunately, he could not save 19 airmen who were killed in the
attack. However, for his attention to detail he save the lives of many others. It is also
important to remember that pre-incident indicators may come months or even years
apart. Therefore, it is extremely important to document every fragment of information,
no matter how insignificant may appear, and report this information to the proper
authorities.
Figure 5: Bomb Threat Checklist
 Bomb Threats
An emergency of another sort is the bomb threat. Security Officers may receive
bomb threats against their clients. The potential loss of life and property makes it
mandatory you react properly. Do not panic! Act with careful, calculated, and quick
responses.
Bombs and threats of bombs have traditionally been the primary weapons of
choice by international terrorists and criminal extortionists. Some companies and
organizations are more commonly targets of bomb threats than others due to the
controversial nature of their business or their involvement in emotional public issues.
However, no company, organization or building is immune from the dangers and
disruptions of a bomb threat.
The FBI in its annual SUMMARY of Bomb Incidents points out that the use of
bombs and employees, former employees, or others with a gripe against the company
are increasingly using threats as a means of retaliation. For the retaliatory person, the
inconvenience and cost to the targeted company for evacuation a facility may satisfy
their need for revenge. In all likelihood, you may receive a bomb threat call during your
career as a security officer.
Analyzing the threat, responding to the threat, and implementing a response to
a bomb threat must take place in a matter of minutes.
 First it must be determined if the threat is credible. A telephone call from a
youngster giggling on the phone will be less credible that one from an adult who
sounds serious about their threat.
 Bomb threats can be made by pranksters, political terrorists, cranks, criminal
extortionists, disgruntled employees or an employee looking for a few hours off
work, to name a few of the types.
 The threat can arrive over the telephone, in the mail, by written message left in
a public place, scrawled on a wall, in person, or by means you haven't seen yet.

In any case, ALL THREATS MUST BE TAKEN SERIOUSLY!!! Whether to

react to a threat and how to react are decisions for the highest level of management to
make. In some cases, a policy is established to guide lower level decision makers, but
rarely is it up to the individual security officer what action to take in response to a bomb
threat.
It is possible that you will receive a bomb threat via the facility telephone. Try
to keep the caller on the line as long as possible. There is a slim, but real, chance the
call can be traced. If there is caller ID take note of the source of the call. Keep trying to
get the most vital information. If the threat comes to you on a piece of paper, do not
handle it any more than necessary and use gloves, a handkerchief, tongs or forceps in
order to avoid ruining fingerprints. Remember, it is a significant clue and potentially
very important evidence. Someone else in the facility may also receive information
regarding a bomb threat. In this case, use the bomb threat checklist to obtain as much
information as possible.
The initial steps for the officer to take in the event of a bomb threat are usually
spelled out in the post orders, the building’s emergency procedures manual, or some
other such reference. If you have standing instructions, by all means, learn them and
follow them exactly. If you have no prearranged instructions, follow the orders of your
supervisor or management representative exactly. If you are alone on duty and learn of
the threat, here are some guidelines to follow:
If you receive a bomb-threat call, your first concern is to get as much useful
information as possible. Various forms of "Bomb-threat Checklists" are sometimes
used and should be kept so that the person taking the phone can immediately find and
refer to them. In some buildings, the switchboard operator, who is usually the one to
receive a bomb-threat call, will have such a checklist. In addition, a tape recorder might
be attached to the phone line to be used in the event of such a call.
Notify those in authority immediately - your supervisor, building management,
police, people in charge of threatened areas. Tell these people only. If word of the threat
gets out before a proper response can be arranged, panic and stampede can result. In
case of a threat, when it is not known if a bomb is present, decisions must be made
whether to notify the building's occupants, how to notify them, whether to evacuate the
building or a part of the building, where to evacuate to, whether to search for a bomb
or wait, and more. The police will not make these decisions, and neither should the
security officer. The senior supervisor or manager of the building's occupants must
decide what to do. Be prepared to assist in crowd control, in search for the bomb, and
to guide police or bomb technicians in the building.
Keep the caller on the line as long as possible. Ask the caller to repeat the
messages if necessary. Write down as many of the words spoken by the caller as
possible. This may help identify the severity of the call. Listen for anything distinctive
about the caller’s voice, background noise, such as animals, machinery, traffic, voices
or background music. Immediately contact your client’s representative and your
supervisor. In a case where an actual or suspected bomb is found, people must be
evacuated from the immediate area right away. Have them move out of the building
entirely and two-hundred yards away.

Purpose
1. The threat of a bomb as well as the actual presence of an explosive device is
disastrous to the morale of both management and employees. For this reason, it
is imperative that preparations are made for the preservation of order and the
protection of life and property in the event of real or threatened danger.
2. The majority of bomb threats are the work of pranksters or of those who are
mentally disturbed. Even so, the seriousness of this type of threat should never
be underestimated, because there is always a possibility that it might be
legitimate. You must, therefore, treat the information as confidential and make
sure that it is transmitted to the person responsible for control during crises.

Responsibility
1. The client will designate a Security Director who has the responsibility and
authority to implement the plan outlined as follows:
2. The person who receives the call (it may not always be the operator) should
observe the following outlined procedures.

Implementation
1. Know the specific instructions for handling bomb threat calls. (Operator or
receiver of the call)
2. Keep the caller on the line as long as possible. Ask the caller to repeat the
message. Record EVERY word spoken by the person making the call.
3. If the caller does not indicate the location of the bomb or the possible source
of detonation, the person receiving the call should ask the caller to provide
this information.
 4. Inform the caller that the building or area is or may be occupied and the
detonation of a bomb could result in death or serious injury to innocent
people.
5. Pay particular attention for any peculiar background noises, such as: motors
running, background music and the type music and any other noises which
might give a remote clue as to the place from where the call is being made.
6. Listen closely to the voice (male-female), voice quality, accents and speech
impediments. Was the caller rational? Was foul language used?
Immediately after the caller hangs up, the person receiving the call should
report this information immediately to the client contact.
7. The Security Director should report this information immediately to the
Police Department. (911)
8. Assist the client with evacuation of the facility when instructed to do so.

General Instructions for Handling Bomb Threat Call:

1. Remain calm, friendly, and congenial.

2. Encourage conversation.
3. Listen for voice identifying characteristics and background noises.
4. Turn off all two-way radios and other transmitting devices.
5. Report the threat to the appropriate manager(s).
6. Do not announce or discuss the threat with anyone else unless instructed to
do so by the client
7. Ask questions (who, what, when, where, why and how?)
8. What does it look like?
9. What size is it?
10. What shape is it?
11. What type is it?
12. Why was it put there (motive)?
13. When will the bomb go off?
14. Where is the bomb placed?
15. How was it placed?
16. What floor is it on - what side of the building is it in?
17. What type of explosives does it contain?
18. What is the reason for the bomb?
19. What is your name?
20. Do not hang up the phone

The large majority (80-90%) of bomb threats are not backed up with an actual
explosive device. The usual motive, even when a bomb has been placed, is attracting
attention. The person or group making the threat wants a visible reaction and publicity.
If a bomb threat is connected with a real desire to injure or kill people, the bomber
usually will not give a warning.
It should be part of your routine to be alert for possible bombs. This means that
on patrols of the building, pay particular, and cautious, attention to suspicious packages
and disturbances in the normal arrangement of things - ceiling tile out of place, and
closets, fire cabinets and other potential hiding places that show signs of tampering, for
examples.
A bomb can come in the mail or by delivery service. Be suspicious of packages
that are over-wrapped, with excessive string or tape, stained, incorrectly addressed,
without a return address, or with strange messages on the outside. Even a letter can
contain enough explosive to kill or maim. Look for the same telltale characteristics on
letters. In addition, be suspicious of any letter that is bulky and rigid, especially if it has
a bulge.
It is not a good idea to store packages and letters at the security desk. If you
must accept them, it is better to store them in a separate room or closet that can be
locked and is not near occupied areas.
If the threat is against a specific area, floor, or tenant, the usual first step is to have the
occupants look around their own spaces for strange objects, call someone if they find
something, and do not touch it under any circumstances.
If there is no specific information on where to look, start in those areas to which
the public has access -lobbies, hallways, stairwells, toilets, restaurants, swimming
pools, fitness rooms, or elevators. Be particularly alert to those places where an object
could be hidden. Search a room in sections starting at floor level and going around the
room in one direction. Then search at waist level around the room again. Finally, search
the upper walls and ceiling areas around the room. Each member of a search team
should be responsible for searching a particular part of the total area. Do not turn on the
lights, throw any switches or use the telephone in a search area; a bomb could be
attached. Turn off radio transmitters in the area, as some bombs can be triggered by
radio waves. Bombs that are the most dangerous are those that have a proximity trigger.
If you find a suspicious object, announce it to others in the immediate area, mark
it with special markers or use cloth or paper tape, but do not touch it at all. Be sure
everyone is evacuated a safe distance. Handling the situation from this point is the job
of technicians. Do what specially trained bomb technicians say. The guidance in this
lesson should be an indication to you of ways that you can prepare yourself to do the
best you can in the event of natural disasters and bomb-threat situations.
It is, of course, important to be prepared. In the best-organized buildings, careful
advanced planning has been made and detailed procedures are established and
rehearsed. Nevertheless, in many cases, formal plans are nonexistent or inadequate. As
a working security officer, you must have a contingency plan for what you are going to
do before these emergencies occur. You need to mentally rehearse your actions, and if
possible walk through them, so that you will be able to respond when the emergency
actually happens.

Procedures for Evacuation

Evacuation procedures of a building would be in order where a major disaster
renders a building as unsafe, gas leaks occur, fire is imminent, etc. The decision whether
to evacuate or not to evacuate a plant is the responsibility of the client’s representative.
If a determination to evacuate is made, the following procedures are recommended for
evacuation. The signal for evacuating the building in the event of a bomb threat should
be similar or the same as that used for evacuation in the event of a fire. It may be
necessary to walk through the areas with a portable loud speaker to inform the
employees of the evacuation. Emergency shutdown procedures already in existence
should be utilized if evacuation is determined necessary. All electricity, gas and fuel
lines should be cut off at the main switch or valve. Priority of evacuation would be
determined by suspected location of the bomb, i.e., whether in a building, outside, etc.
It is recommended to evacuate the floor levels above the danger area in order to remove
those personnel from the extremes of danger as quickly as possible. When the Police
and Fire Department arrive at the plant, the contents, operation, floor plans, etc. will be
strange to them. Thus, it is extremely important that the evacuation unit be thoroughly
trained and thoroughly familiar with the areas being evacuated.
If the area or building is evacuated, controls must be established immediately to
prevent unauthorized access to the building. Police and other agencies may assist in
establishing controls to prevent the re-entry into the area or building until the danger
has passed Remove the personnel a safe distance (200 yards) from the building to
protect them against debris and other flying objects in the event there is an explosion.
Wait until the device has been declared safe or removed by explosive disposal
specialists. The person ordering the evacuation will issue the all clear and recall
employees when the area is pronounced safe by the law enforcement officers in charge.
While you must assist law enforcement personnel, you must also remember that on 9-
11 many deaths could have been prevented if there had been a pre-emergency plan,
training, a command post with one person in charge, coordination between law
enforcement and the fire fighters, and complete evacuation of both buildings. However,
there was radio communications with everyone on different channels, turf wars between
agencies, unauthorized people telling everyone to remain in the building, and off-duty
showing up so that no one knew who was on duty and who wasn’t so that there was no
good accounting of who was on site.

Evacuation Checklist
Based on information available, evaluation considerations and urgency, the client will
use the following checklist in deciding whether or not to evacuate the facility:
1. Is there a pre-emergency plan?
2. Advice from local law enforcement agencies
3. Should someone declare a fire drill?
4. Inform key personnel.
5. Avoid panic at all costs.
6. What kind of statement should you make to the occupants?
7. Is the threat limited to a specific area or floor?
8. Is immediate emergency evacuation of specific areas or floors needed?
9. Do you use elevators and small groups or the stairs?
10. Is there enough time and adequate personnel to conduct a search?
11. What is the critical time period?
12. Does time permit an orderly evacuation?
13. How much time is left in workday?
a. What to do with a shift change?
b. Should employees be dismissed to return to their homes?

Procedures for Search

While you should ideally leave searches to law enforcement or the fire
department bomb squads, there may be a time bomb, which may need to identify
immediately so that when the bomb squad arrives you can take them straight to the
location. The problems with bombs especially with today’s technology, is that there are
all sorts of triggers that can detonate an explosive or incendiary device. There are
motion sensors, proximity sensors, trip wires, pressure sensors, electrical sensors, and
those triggered by remote control. Therefore it is important that you take extreme
caution when searching for a bomb or if possible leave it to the professionals.
The evacuation team or a separate search team should be trained in bomb search
techniques, but not in the techniques of neutralizing, removing or otherwise having
contact with the device. The search team should be thoroughly familiar with the area,
floor plans of the buildings, exits, fire extinguishers, and busy sections of the building
such as all walkways, hallways, restrooms, locker rooms, false ceiling areas and every
conceivable location in the building where an explosive or incendiary device might be
concealed.
During the period of the search, a rapid two-way communication system is
essential. The existing telephone system would probably be the most efficient nut
telephones can be wired to trigger and detonator. The use of radios during the search
can be dangerous because the radio signal could cause a premature detonation of an
electronic detonator.
During the search, particular attention should be given to such areas as elevator
shafts, ceiling areas, restrooms, locker rooms, access doors, crawl spaces in restrooms
and other areas, which are a means of immediate access to plumbing fixtures, electrical
fixtures, utility and other closet areas. Other areas to search would be under stairwells,
in boiler or furnace rooms, flammable storage areas, electrical rooms with main
switches and valves and fuel storage areas such as gas, fuel oil, propane, kerosene and
motor oil. If there is a swimming pool, check the storage areas for the pool chemicals.
Check indoor trash receptacles, record storage areas, mail rooms, ceiling lights with
easily removable panels, and fire hose racks. Obviously, this list is not very complete.
However, it does put emphasis on the high traffic areas where a time-delayed explosive
or incendiary device might be concealed.
If a strange or suspicious object is encountered, it should not be touched. Its
location and description should be reported to the client’s security representative
immediately. If the danger zone is identified as located, the area should be blocked off
or barricaded with a clear zone of three hundred yards until the object has been removed
or disarmed or the danger has otherwise passed. Individual Search Teams will be
formed to search specific areas. They will be small (5-10 people) to prevent confusion
and will change from time to time as events dictate. Prevent the bomb, suspected bomb,
UXO, or anything attached to it from being jarred, moved, or touched in any way.
Notify the Client Representative and your Supervisor. The person directing the
evacuation will issue the all clear and recall employees when the area is pronounced
safe by the law enforcement officers in charge. Only a designated client official will
discuss the incident with the press or media. Report the incident in the Log Book/Daily
Activity Report and an Incident Report.

UXO Search Checklist

1. If a search is called follow the instructions of law enforcement or fire fighters.
2. If you find a UXO DO NOT TOUCH!
3. Turn off all two-way radios as they may set off the bomb
4. Other triggers are proximity triggers, motion triggers, wire triggers, telephones,
timers and clocks.
5. If the bomb threat area is identified, help police or fire fighters cordon off the
area.
6. There must be a minimum200-300-yard circle of safety.
7. If a bomb detonates assist police or fire fighters in response and recovery.
8. Do not discuss the incident with media or outside spectators.
9. Refer them to the incident commander of the media liaison

Procedures to Follow if a Bomb Explosion Occurs

Notify the Police and Fire Departments. An employee should be assigned to
meet and direct them to the scene. Assist in rescue, recovery, crowd, and traffic control
as directed by the client and emergency crews. In any explosion, call fire and police
departments at once. Depending on the intensity of the explosion, expect the worst
regarding injury to people, extensive property damage, broken water and gas lines.
Also, expect the following:
 Fire to follow explosions
 People will panic and run
 To see people bleeding as they run
 To see people lying about injured or dead
 A secondary explosion to follow meant for 1st responders
 A power outage and broken gas lines

The chief responsibility of security officers will be to assist the injured.

Naturally, they will be called upon to function in all other emergency conditions that
are the result of the bomb attack. Their duty is to remain on their post as long as is
necessary to assist in getting the situation under control. The only defense against a
terrorist attack is preparation. The authorities who investigate a terrorist threat have to
be right every time. The terrorist only has to be right once. If your post has a terrorist
preparedness plan, study it carefully. That plan can save your life and the lives of many
people under your protection.

NATURAL DISASTERS
Natural forces such as hurricanes, tornados, blizzards and earthquakes present
security and safety concerns in your buildings by causing damage to the building, injury
to people and possible isolation from outside help. The best defense for these
emergencies is good disaster plan, including designated disaster teams, established and
rehearsed procedures for every possible situation, stockpiles of equipment, food and
medical supplies. Disaster planning on this scale is beyond the scope of these lessons.
If your building or post orders have such a plan, it is understood that must learn it and
follow it. There are a number of basic considerations you should be aware of whether
or not your building has a disaster plan. These considerations are both short and long
term and include effects both the building itself and, on the people, occupying it.
In the event of severe weather, the concern, generally, will be the effects wind,
rain, lightning, or snowfall on building. If you receive a storm warning, you want to be
sure the building is prepared to weather it - windows closed; doors secured, outside
furniture and equipment brought in or tied down and covered. As the storm progresses
you should check the building frequently to find and repair water leaks, damage, and
doors blown open, it is important to make careful inspection of the building to find any
structural damage
After the storm, it is important to make a careful inspection of the building to
find any structural damage that might cause an unsafe condition - erosion of walls or
foundation, sagging ceilings or roof, buckled flooring. The effects on people of a severe
storm can vary widely. In the short term, experience has shown most people will
cooperate. A spirit of camaraderie sometimes develops among strangers who are caught
in an unpleasant situation that is not too threatening. If the storm produces a true disaster
with fearsome effects and injury, you can expect some panic.
The most important function of the security force in such a situation is to
maintain order, to control irrational behavior and to keep people informed on what is
happening what is being done and what is expected of them. If a security officer has
first aid training, he or she should certainly assist the injured. However, if others are
capable of handling the injured the security officer's time is best spent looking after
safety and security in the building.
One of the most important items of equipment for a security officer to carry is
a flashlight. If the lights go out, under any circumstances the officer will need it to find
his or her way around the building, to lead people to safety, and to direct crowds. Large
building and small windowless buildings may become dark if the electricity goes out,
even in broad daylight, so a flashlight should be carried at all times. In the event of an
earthquake, the security officer's first concern should probably be to protect himself or
herself and others in the immediate vicinity. Here are some basic rules to follow in an
earthquake: Stay inside and keep others inside. Modern buildings are not likely to
collapse and running outside may expose you to falling debris. Take cover under heavy
furniture, inside doorways or at least against inner walls.
Earthquakes usually come in several waves, so be cautious after the first shock
is over.
When things settle down, check the building for damage. Look for gas and water leaks,
exposed electrical wires, fire hazards, and structural damage. Try to exert a calming
influence on people by knowing what to do, acting decisively, and taking charge of
crowds to direct them. While the short-term effects of disaster on people can range from
joyful camaraderie to panic, the long-term effects, over the following hours and days,
can range from mental disturbance to criminal acts like robbery, assault, rape, and
looting. These problems can only be dealt with as they occur and in whatever ways
seem practical considering the situation (availability of medical personnel and police,
for examples). In any case, you should not be surprised that these problems arise.
Sometimes, you know that a major natural disaster, such as an earthquake, will
strike somewhere in the State of Utah. What you do NOW to prepare for such a disaster
will ultimately determine how catastrophic the event will be. Knowledge of what to do
and how to prepare is the key to surviving such a disaster and lessen the hardship that
will follow.

Before The Earthquake

(These Home preparedness steps should be shared with your family)
1. Most injuries incurred during the initial shaking are due to obstacles falling
or windows shattering. Secure heavy bookcases, tall cabinets, appliances, and
water heaters to the wall with brackets, hooks, or bolts. Place heavy or large
objects close to the ground.
2. Practice family emergency drills.
3. Have sufficient food storage and water to last at least three days. A two-week
supply is even better, as it can alleviate uncertainty and give a feeling of security
during the post disaster period.
4. Store approximately 2 gallons of water per person per day.
5. Have a basic First Aid Kit and two or more flashlights with spare batteries.
6. Have a portable radio with spare batteries.
7. Know where main gas and water valves are and have pipe and crescent
wrenches to shut them off.

(These disaster preparedness steps should be implemented at Work)

1. Check for possible hazards in the work environment; such as tall file cabinets
that could fall and heavy obstacles placed overhead. Make note of discrepancies
on your DAR.
2. Be completely familiar with emergency procedures in your Post Orders.
 3. Have a mini-survival kit available at work. A car survival kit is an excellent
idea. It should contain such things as nonperishable food, water, extra clothes,
flashlight, radio, and sleeping bag and blankets.
4. Be familiar with any disaster plans the client’s facility may have. Help other
officers and employees to be aware of earthquake preparedness.

During The Earthquake

1. Moreover, in a severe earthquake, police and fire rescue may be unable to
render aid.
2. Stay calm, do not panic, and help to reassure others.
3. People always look to those in uniform for help and for confidence.
4. Stop what you are doing. Identify where your location and determine
directions to the nearest exit.
5. Move away from hazardous areas and equipment.
6. Find a safe place to stand or lay, such as a doorway inside the building,
under a desk, inside a bathroom, or against a corner in an outside wall, so as
protect yourself from falling objects. Stay clear of windows, bookcases,
hanging plants, and glass. Do not attempt to evacuate the building. Never
try to use an elevator or a stairwell during the shaking.
7. If outside, move to an area clear of power lines, poles, walls, or go to an
empty field.

After The Earthquake

1. Stay on the job! you'll have great difficulty in trying to return home anyway.
2. Assist injured any people.
3. Conduct a facility damage assessment
4. Comply with Client Emergency Procedures.
5. Check for any life-threatening hazards such as gas leaks, fires, chemical
spills, and shorting electrical wires.
6. Try to maintain contact with your area office.
7. Do what is possible to protect yourself, employees, and the facility.

Remember, public services in the impacted area will not be available for an
indefinite period of time, depending on the severity of the damage. Security officers on
duty at the time of the earthquake will have the responsibility of lessening the damage
at the client’s facility. A security officer may find him/herself remaining at work for an
extended length of time to ensure safety of the facility and employees. A catastrophic
earthquake will affect every aspect of the business community in the impacted area,
including your employer. Steps should be taken by management to get relief personnel
into the field as soon as possible.
However, many off-duty officers will not be able to respond into the field due
to road and structural damage or injury sustained during the earthquake. Standard forms
of communication will be unavailable several hours to several days after the disaster.
Alternative forms of communication will need to be used. By working together, helping
each other to prepare, and being aware of the major disaster that is inevitable, the
number of lives lost, and damage suffered can be greatly reduced

Procedures to Follow in the Event of Other Emergencies

 Other emergencies in Utah would likely include floods, avalanches, mudslides,
tornados, riots, demonstrations, strikes, and domestic terrorist attacks. Our
responsibility for the protection of life and property of your client includes familiarizing
yourself with all fire and safety equipment as well as any other special emergency
response procedures for the facility that you are assigned to. The major concern is to
protect human life and limit or prevent property damage. The main concern of a security
officer is to get qualified help and assistance to the scene of the disaster as soon as
possible.

CIVIL DISTURBANCES
Crowd and Mob Control
Large-scale rioting isn't as common as it was in the 1960s. It was devastating
then. After six days in 1965, the toll of the Watts riot in Los Angeles was 35 dead, 864
injured, and property damage of more than $200 million, with 600 buildings destroyed
by fire. Looting was rampant, and thousands were arrested. However, crowd control
and prevention of violent mob action are still matters of serious concern for private
security forces, as well as the police. The most common potential for a riot that you're
likely to encounter is a striking workforce. Peaceful demonstrations against business
firms sometimes get out of hand. Therefore, security precautions are necessary to
prevent riots or to help control them once they start. Other demonstrators who could be
dangerous are anti-war protesters lined up around a defense plant or a recruiting office
or a federal government building.
Anyone, who has ever seen a riot, will never forget it. The specter of a mob
running wild, buildings ablaze, vehicles overturned, windows shattered and bloody
personal violence such as fistfights, clubbing, stabbing, shooting and bombing are
terrifying. Such melees must be nipped in the bud.
There is a difference between a crowd and a mob. Crowds are a large assembly
of people lacking personal identity such as that you would find at a county fair, a sports
event, a movie, a parade, or curiosity seekers at a fire or accident. A mob is an angry,
disorderly, and lawless crowd bent on destruction. The usual crowd has no leader. Each
person is on his own. As long as everyone is orderly, the crowd is peaceable.
Crowd control requires that security personnel and police know these four things:
1. The reason for the gathering
2. The area occupied
3. The traits of the people comprising the crowd
4. The identity of potential troublemakers

Usually, the first three items above are no problem. The fourth, however, can
be difficult. At a football game, for example, the purpose of the gathering is obvious.
Security officers know the stadium and grounds well. Individuals and families are
typical sports fans. It's easy to identify spectators who are for, or against, each team.
However, spotting agitators takes observation and advance tip-offs. Mobs can be either
organized or spontaneous. Typical old-time mobs were lynching parties and early
strikebreakers. Unfortunately, cults that thrive on turmoil are still with you. As a
security officer, you'll probably have little to do with organized mobs. Law enforcement
agencies and the National Guard usually control such groups. However, you may
become involved with a crowd that becomes a mob. Such a transition can occur very
quickly, unless proper security procedures are employed. Our objective in crowd
control is to prevent the crowd from becoming a mob. To realize that objective, great
self-control is necessary. Here are some do's and don'ts in this situation:
 DO'S
1. Observe the crowd, not the event for which the crowd is gathered.
2. Note changes in the mood or attitude of the crowd.
3. Look for troublemakers and mob leader types.
4 Whenever possible, keep outside the crowd.
5. Show respect for religious symbols, the American flag, and state flags.
6. Keep agitators and leaders under constant surveillance.
7. Allow yourself to be seen, but don't swagger or strut. Maintain a relaxed
posture.

DON’T’S
1. Don't swear, argue, or be dictatorial.
2. Don't engage in unnecessary conversation, even with friends.
3. Don't have body contact with crowd members.
4. Don't take sides.
5. Don't respond to baiting or gibes but keep those people under observation.
6. Don't be a decoy.
7. Don't run to a reported trouble spot unless ordered by your supervisor. Walk
quickly but calmly.
8. Don't permit loitering. Loiterers often become troublemakers.
9. Don't be fearful of noise, shouting, profanity, threats, and the like. Mere
noise is not mob action. In fact, noise making helps rowdy people to expend
energy.
10. Unless ordered to do so, don't carry any kind of weapon. Weapons cause
resentment, which is a dangerous emotion in a crowd. Besides, a weapon is
of no use to you, alone in a crowd. . (Also, unless you are a certified armed
security guard, by law you can’t carry or use a weapon, anyway.)

The reason for your presence in a crowd is to maintain order. Our uniform is a
sign of authority and makes you stand out. Don’t take anything personal. Take jeers in
stride. People in a crowd are more likely to tease than when alone. Even if taunts are
brutal, that doesn't mean that mob action is imminent, unless you cause it by losing your
head. Be on the lookout for changes in crowd behavior that spell danger. Troublemakers
should be removed.
That's not an easy task. First, be sure of the person or people who are causing
trouble. Warn them gently but firmly. Sense the crowd mood in relation to the agitators.
Only when you feel that the crowd is unsympathetic to the rabble-rouser can you
remove him/her. Even then, be very careful. If the crowd is conspiring with the
troublemaker and you sense a shift in mood to anger, call the police at once. They will
assess the situation and use whatever tactics are needed for mob control. Our role then
is to assist the police. First aid crews should be on hand to tend any injuries but avoid
physical conflict. Leave that to the police. If you are not otherwise occupied, assist first
aid efforts.

Workplace Violence
Workplace violence is any violent acts, including physical assaults and threats
of assaults, written aggression directed toward individuals at work or on duty, with the
intent to cause physical or psychological harm to an individual or to property. Violence
can be committed by Strangers, Customers, Clients, Co-Workers, or an Employee’s
Personal Relations. Attacks can be anyone who has a grudge against the company. This
can be employees, who have been fired, or laid-off. They may return to wreak
vengeance against the company for wrongs real or imagined. Attacks can be acts of
terrorism, especially eco-terrorists. Attacks can be a spillover from a domestic dispute
where a spouse who is going through a divorce and goes to his wife’s workplace to kill
her and anyone who gets in the way. There are many scenarios, so the important thing
is to remain vigilant in any environment where this is a possibility.
Violent Crime Strikes 2 Million People In the American Workplace Each Year.
Incidents of workplace violence are on the rise across America and employers should
start taking preventative steps. Every workday, nearly 8,000 Americans are violently
attacked or threatened with a violent attack at work, according to federal data. Three-
fourths of these attacks are simple assaults, but nearly one-fifth are aggravated assaults.
The U.S. Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) revealed in a new
statistical report that an average of 2.8 people are murdered every day in the
workplace.” Further, 12 % of all victims of workplace violence suffer from injuries.
From 1973 through 2005, an average of 2.011 million people per year were victims of
workplace violence (about 7,880 daily based on a five-day workweek plus holidays;
5,500 daily when averaged for a full 365-day year). This total was broken down as
follows (percentages are rounded):

Violence type Average per year Percent

Simple Assault: 1,480,000 74%
Aggravated Assault: 395,500 20%
Robbery: 83,700 4%
Rape, Sexual Assault: 50,500 3%
Homicide 1,023 -
Source: 2008 U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics

People working for private employers accounted for 56 % of the victims of

violent crime, more than 1.1 million people, while state and local government workers
accounted for 34 %. The self-employed were subject to nearly 7 % of all the violent
attacks; and federal workers accounted for roughly 3 percent.
On the positive side, violent attacks in the workplace decreased between 1994
and 1996, which mirrored the 17 % decline in violent crime nationwide during the same
period.

Violence-Prone Occupations
The number of violent crimes in the workplace declined 21% from its peak of
2.2 million in 1994 to 1.7 million in 1996. The people most likely to be attacked, not
surprisingly, were police officers and those in related occupations, according to the
statistics. Each year, nearly 234,000 police officers were subjected to a violent crime
while on duty, along with about 71,000 prison guards and 58,000 private security
officers. Retail sales proved to be another violence prone occupation, with 330,000
clerks victimized annually (including convenience store clerks and bartenders). Other
occupations particularly prone to violence include:

Occupation Annual Cases of Violence

Nurses 69,500
Convenience/liquor clerks: 61,500
Mental health professionals: 50,300
Elementary teachers: 35,400
Junior high teachers: 47,300
High school teachers: 33,300
Bartenders: 26,400
Medical technician: 24,500
Bus drivers: 17,200
Taxi driver: 16,100
Gas station attendants: 15,500
Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics

Law enforcement officers faced the highest odds of being attacked, according
to the bureau. Each year, 306 out of every 1,000 officers were subjected to violence
during the 1992-96 periods. This figure dropped to 68 out of 1,000 for convenience or
liquor store clerks and to 16 out of 1,000 for elementary school teachers.

Identifying the Victims

Following are additional predictors of workers who may be victims of violence on the
job:
Gender: Two-thirds of the victims are men, one-third women. While women
are victims of 83 percent of the rapes and sexual assaults, men are subject to 74
% of the aggravated assaults, 72 % of the robberies, and 66 % of the simple
assaults.
Race: Nearly 90 % of the victims are white and 9 % are black. The Bureau of
Justice Statistics notes that 6 % are identified as Hispanic.
Age: Roughly 70% of the victims are between the ages of 25 and 49, while 18%
are 18 to 24.
Location: 57 % of workplace violence victims work in cities, 1 % in the
suburbs, 11% in rural areas, and 18% live in more than one place.
Time: Most of the offenses (62%) occurred in the daytime.
Relation to Offender: In about one-third of the workplace violence incidences,
the victim was acquainted with the offender, that is to say, a disgruntled current
or former employee. Domestic disputes were a minor factor. Fewer than 2% of
the cases involved a current or former spouse, boyfriend, girlfriend, or another
relative.

Identifying the Offenders

Perpetrators of workplace violence are predominantly male, white and older
than 21. 83% are men; 58 % are white and 29% are black; 29% are between 21 and 29
years old, and 47% are 30 or older. About 30% of workplace violence involved a
weapon, but firearms were used in less than all violent workplace crime. Armed attacks
were more prevalent against transportation workers (34% of the attacks against them)
and retail sales workers (27%). (Source: The BJS Special Report: National Crime
Victimization Survey: Workplace Violence)
As security professionals you must be able to effectively deal with this ever-
growing problem. Most clients have in-place procedures to handle these situations.
Their managers have training to spot trouble and respond immediately to those
incidents. Be sure to follow the directions of the client’s representative. According to
the US Department of Justice, Law enforcement was first in workplace violence with
306 per 1,000 officers. Private Security Officers have the second highest rate of non-
fatal victimization in the workplace of all occupations examined for the years 1992-
1996. The rate of violence was 218 per 1,000 workers totaling 58,300 security officers
per year.
Clients’ corporate policy instructs employees on how and where to report
threats. After every workplace violence incident, employees knew that there was a
problem long before the incident took place. Client supervisors are now trained to
respond to these reports and deal with someone who is becoming overly
confrontational. There is no standard "profile" for troublemakers. The universally
recognized warning signs are:
 History of violence,
 Obsession with weapons,
 Verbal or physical threats made to employees,
 Extreme ongoing depression, PTSD, neurosis, or psychosis,
 Frustrations in their personal life
 Sense of helplessness,
 A romantic obsession, stalking,
 Does not take criticism well,
 Drug/alcohol dependency,
 Holds a grudge,
 Loner

If you are involved in a confrontational situation it is generally advisable to

request assistance from the client's personnel office, and ALWAYS be courteous and
non-confrontational yourself. Problem employees can be a greater or lesser of a
problem depending on how they are handled. Generally speaking, if there is a threat of
immediate danger:
 Leave the area,
 Don’t try to control a violent person,
 Call 911,
 Notify client’s representative
 Assist co-workers as you are able.
 Meet law enforcement personnel upon arrival and
 Give them what information and assistance you can.

If there is no immediate threat of violence you should:

 Notify client,
 Keep away from threatening person,
 Monitor the situation as much as possible.

If you are in a situation that you cannot escape, the best way to diffuse or deal
with a violent person is to:
1. Calm them down (de-escalate)
2. Listen to them
3. Maintain a calm reassuring voice,
4. Communicate at their level
5. Speak with respect
6. Make a connection
7. Ask them what they want.
8. Ask them what will help.
9. Don’t expect a violent person to be rational but ask for their help.
 10. Give them options.
11. Remember you must be sincere,
12. Remain professional not personal,
13. Focus on improving the situation.
14. Try to get them thinking,
15. Ask open-ended questions.
16. Take what action you can,
17. Don’t make promises that you cannot keep.
18. Get them to sit down or walk with you.
19. Use “you” and call them by their name, avoid using “you.”

Recognizing verbal aggression:

1. The person’s face is red
2. Lips pushed forward
3. Direct and prolonged eye contact
4. Breathing is quicker and deeper
5. Excessive salivation
6. Eyebrows frown
7. Voice is loud
8. Body language is visibly agitated

STRIKES
General Operations for Labor Disturbances
When providing security during a labor disturbance, Security Officers shall bear
in mind at all times that they must remain neutral. Their primary purpose is the
protection of client’s assets and their employees while on that property. The Security
Officer do not engage in any arguments or discussion of any matters coming to his
attention with pickets. He must never take sides in a labor dispute. Report for work in
a clean uniform, clean-shaven, with hair neatly trimmed and combed, to give a clean
cut appearance at all times. Even though you may not be wearing a complete uniform,
you must always present a neat clean appearance. Report for shift change in uniform
and ready to work at the time assigned for change of shift. Check with your Supervisor,
prior to going on post, for any new instructions concerning security problems.
On reporting for duty, Security Officers shall sign the daily Sign-In Log for their
appropriate shift, giving your name, badge number and the time their shift begins.
Security Officers shall not resort to any violence unless they are personally attacked, at
which time they shall defend themselves in such a manner as is deemed necessary.
However, bear in mind that "overkill" on their part can create further serious incidents.
No efforts shall be made to draw a weapon (if authorized as an armed security guard)
unless all other methods of protecting oneself against forceful attack have been utilized.
If the office is an unarmed security guard, he/she must never possess or use a weapon.
It is most important that the client be kept informed of security activity and incidents.
To do this the following forms should be utilized: Security Officers "Daily Activity
Reports" which shall include an hourly count of picket participants as well as an
inventory of their vehicles by license numbers.” Incident Reports"
Any unusual incident will be reported on your DAR, additionally, an incident
report shall also be prepared which shall include the 5 W's and 1 H: WHO, WHAT,
WHEN, WHERE, WHY and HOW? All incident reports must include the time, number
of people involved, including names, if possible. If the names of the, individuals
responsible are not known, give an accurate description of the individuals, their
automobiles and license numbers, if possible. If unable to obtain a license plate number
provide a complete a description of the vehicle and its occupants as much as possible.
If any threatening words are spoken or curse words used by pickets to anyone, the exact
words shall be quoted in your report.
Reports shall include any peace officers in the area of your post. Show the times,
the agency represented, the number of officers and if possible their names. All Security
Officers shall be particularly alert to follow these instructions during those periods
when employees are coming to or leaving work, since this is the time when most violent
incidents occur. These reports shall be turned in to your Supervisor at the end of your
watch. If an incident report has been prepared, call your Supervisor’s attention to this
fact by stapling the Incident Report to the DAR. All security officers on duty shall
report on their DAR's any changes in the number of pickets by listing the time and the
number of pickets changed. For example, if two pickets, are on duty at 10:00 and are
relieved by four other pickets, your report should show that the two pickets who had
been on duty at the start of your watch, left at 10:00 and were replaced by four other
pickets. If possible, attempt to secure the names of the pickets from a company
employee or supervisor. Any unusual increase in the number of pickets shall be reported
to your Supervisor immediately.
Security officers, while on post shall remain alert at all times in order to prevent
unauthorized people from gaining access to or causing any damage to Client
Company’s property. If a situation develops where help is required, you must remain
at your post and notify your Supervisor by phone, radio, or through another security
officer or client employees. If this is not possible, use your automobile horn or blow a
whistle to attract attention. Security officers assigned to gate positions shall ensure the
entrances to their client’s property are kept free of any obstacles, which could delay
access. As a Security officer, you may only remove those obstacles that are on their
client’s property. If any of the pickets attempt a blocking maneuver such as a roadblock,
the officer’s Supervisor shall immediately be notified so that the appropriate law
enforcement agency can be called to remove that roadblock. As a security officer, you
do not have any authority off your client’s property to remove such obstacles. As a
security officer, you must maintain your professional bearing, shall not fraternize with
pickets and shall stay on client’s property at all times.
In addition, you will not permit any pickets to wander on to company property,
at any time, including those times when, cars are being checked in to the plant area by
the security officer. Pickets shall not be allowed onto client’s property without the
express permission of the client management. Never allow the picketers to corner you
or box you in where you have no means of escape. Remember if you need to be alert,
aware, and safe. If you becomes overwhelmed call you supervisor and law enforcement
immediately.
If a camera is provided on your post, you will carry the camera in plain view at
all-times and will make photographs of any incidents that occur. The information
concerning the photographs will be marked in the appropriate photo log, showing the
date and time of the incident, general information concerning the incident, the name of
the officer taking the photograph, and the number of the photograph as it appears on
the back of the camera. It is extremely important that the photo log remain with the
camera until the entire roll of film is exposed, at which time the photo log, will be
placed with the film when it is taken from the camera and turned over to your
Supervisor. It is the duty of the Supervisor to see that the film and the accompanying
photo log are turned over to the responsible client representative. If you use a digital
camera download it as soon as possible and e-mail a copy to your supervisor and the
designated company representative.
At the end of your watch you will sign out on the Sign-In/Out Log. When
signing out, you will show the time that your watch ended in 24-hour clock, such as
1600, 2400, or 0800. You should protect your own vehicle by parking it in such a
location that the pickets cannot damage it. You should keep in mind that your off duty
time should not be spent in an area that is frequented by striking employees. When
Security Officers are allowed to come and go through the pickets lines every effort
should be made to prevent any incidents between themselves and the pickets. If you are
stopped by the pickets, identify yourself as a member of the security force and request
permission to enter or leave the premise. If this permission is denied, notify your
supervisor immediately, and stand by for further instructions. Return to the safety of
the company property immediately. DO NOT attempt to force your way through the
picket lines. If you are harassed while off duty or while coming to, or leaving your post,
report this information to your supervisor immediately.
At no time should any vehicle, owned or operated by you, escort client officials
or employees through picket lines or upon a public highway for ours and their safety.
BE SURE TO KEEP THE FOLLOWING ITEMS WITH YOU AT ALL TIMES
WHILE ON DUTY:
 Emergency Phone Numbers
 Client’s Security Office Number
 Law Enforcement Agency’s Number
 Fire Department Number

Strike situations require that the security officers adapt themselves to this
unique situation. Generally duties, rounds, and operations do not change except where
contact is made with the picketers and access control. These specialized operations are:

Access Control
 Maintain a professional bearing and appearance.
 Look directly at the person entering.
 As the person approaches, greet him or her and ask, in a friendly manner, if you
can help.
 Listen carefully to the visitor's request.
 Be considerate and polite.
 Ask for clarification if you do not understand.
 Ask for ID if there is any doubt as to the person’s identity.
 Provide assistance within the limits of your Post Orders and Strike Plan.

Procedure Changes
During a strike, you will probably receive requests from people that will not be
in accordance with your Post Orders. Our responsibility will be to follow the
instructions in your Post Orders without allowing any exceptions. Some examples of
these requests may be:
 Unauthorized people wishing to enter or leave the facility
 Requests to use Rest Room facility
 Requests to bring material into the facility to be delivered to someone inside
 Requests to use the telephone
  You must not allow any exceptions to your stated Post Orders; however, you
should not aggravate the situation either.
 If a person asks you to make an exception:
o Explain the security policy
o Try to help, consistent with your Post Orders
o Call for assistance, if necessary, as directed by your Post Orders
o
Special "Do Not" Instructions: The following list contins miscellaneous items to
consider when dealing with picket lines:
o DO NOT allow pickets into the facility for any reason. If you have any
doubts, notify your supervisor and a client official.
o DO NOT ATTEMPT ARREST.
o DO NOT become friendly with pickets.
o DO NOT carry firearms or other weapons.
o DO NOT engage in any unnecessary conversations with the pickets.
o DO NOT file a complaint against an arrested person unless you are, or have
been, attacked; but first discuss report of same to your Supervisor. If
property damage has occurred, it is incumbent on client management to file
such a complaint, as they are the damaged parties.
o DO NOT leave the facility for any reason, unless directed by your
Supervisor.
o DO NOT make derogatory remarks to the pickets or the strikers.
o DO NOT permit personal feelings to enter into the performance of any duty.
o DO NOT react to antagonistic or belligerent attitudes -in other words, KEEP
CALM.
o DO NOT say anything, which is likely to be misinterpreted, such as threats
of arrest or violence.
o Use force only in the protection of yourself or company employees from
unprovoked attack.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENTS:

There are 9 categories of haz mat:
1. Explosives,
2. Flammable/Non-flammable Gas
3. Flammable Liquids
4. Flammable Solids
5. Oxidizers
6. Poisons
7. Radioactive
8. Corrosives
9. Dangerous NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)
All hazardous materials in the US are regulated by CFR 49. International haz
mat shipments are regulated by the UN Dangerous Goods Book. Every haz mat has a
number which is a number assigned by the UN for each type and category of hazardous
material. For example, 1203 is the UN number for gasoline. In case of a chemical spill
or an accident involving a semi-truck carrying dangerous material, follow the
guidelines:
1. Do not touch!
2. Call for help
 3. Isolate the material
4. Try to identify the material
5. Use MSDS if possible
6. This will help 1st responders with clean up and disposal
7. Follow instructions of emergency responders

Personal safety is important because you can't do any good if you are out of the
picture. Therefore, if personal protective gear is available you must use it.
Environmental safety is important for everyone and everything that lives in the
immediate area or downwind of the spill site. The appropriate authorities need to be
notified as soon as possible. You need to follow the directions of the agency in charge.
You should only take the initiative if it is a matter of life and death and the emergency
responders have not yet arrived. When approaching a chemical spill, follow these safety
steps:
 Approach Cautiously: Resist the urge to rush in; you cannot help if you
become a victim.
 Avoid the Suspected Hazardous Material: Do not walk into or touch any
spilled material. Avoid inhalation of gasses, fumes and smoke even if no
hazardous material is involved. Do not assume that gasses or vapors are
harmless because of lack of smell. Extinguish all flares, smoking or flames in
the hazard area. Avoid using any electric switches (including flashlights, lights,
overhead doors, and radios) in the hazard area.
 Isolate the Hazard: Without entering the immediate hazard site, isolate the area
and assure the safety of people and the environment. Move and keep people
away from the incident scene and outside of the safety perimeter.
 Identify the Hazard: Placards, container labels, shipping documents or client’s
personnel on the scene are valuable information sources. Identifying the
material immediately will greatly help the client respond to the incident.
 Obtain Help: Call the client’s response person for mechanical or engineering
problems or any other designated individual and tell him exactly what is leaking
or has been spilled, and how much. If the first person you call doesn't answer,
try another until you get a responsible person to assist.
 Follow Instructions: On-the job instructions may specify that the security
officer first notify public emergency response agencies, chiefly fire fighters, in
event of any hazardous materials incident. These instructions must be
understood and followed where they apply.

SUMMARY: Haz mat incidences can occur even in the most unlikely places:
kitchens, swimming pool chemical storage areas, construction sites, hospitals and
clinics, and parking garages where maintenance tools and materials are stored. As
security guards the important thing is to protect ourselves as well as the people you are
hired to serve. Never put ourselves in a dangerous position. Leave the clean-up and
disposal to the professional emergency response teams. Finally, always document the
incident in case there are casualties and the incident goes to court.
Figure
3: Fire
704

Symbols

Figure 1: Hazardous Materials Classifications