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STP2 Practical Application of On-Line Partial Discharge Monitoring - v2.1 PDF
STP2 Practical Application of On-Line Partial Discharge Monitoring - v2.1 PDF
Discharge Monitoring
Relative permittivity
Air 1.0
LDPE 2.3
Breakdown strength kV/mm
Air 3.0
LDPE 24
What is Partial Discharge?
1 d
Vai = Ecbt 1 + − 1
er t
What is Partial Discharge?
Va Relative permittivity
Air 1.0
Polyurethane Polyurethane 4.0
1 d
Vai = Ecbt 1 + − 1
er t
Voltage at which discharge initiates = 17.25kV
What is Partial Discharge?
What is Partial Discharge?
What is Partial Discharge?
What is Partial Discharge?
What are the effects of PD?
Individual discharges are low energy but they are very
localised and can be very repetitive.
Damage is caused by;
Mechanical – Ionic bombardment
Thermal – Local heating at discharge site
Chemical – Discharge energy breaks chemical bonds
What are the effects of PD?
Electrical trees
Surface tracking
Carbonisation
What are the consequences of PD?
Cable failure
▪ Loss of supply
▪ Unplanned outage
▪ Increased CI and CML
▪ Failure point must be found
What are the consequences of PD?
Switchgear failure
▪ Serious safety implications
▪ Collateral damage
▪ Major disruption
▪ Very expensive
PD Detection in Cables
High frequency CT
PD Detection in Cables
Substation 1 Substation 2
Switchgear Monitor Switchgear
CT
Underground cable
PD Detection in Cables Earth
i PD
Core
PD Detection in Cables Earth
i i
Core
PD Detection in Cables
Substation 1 Substation 2
Monitor
Switchgear Switchgear
CT
Underground cable
PD Detection in Cables
PD Detection in Switchgear – CC-TEV
Field of ‘view’
ASM ASM-P PrecisePD
Permanently Installed
Unlimited number of monitoring points
Signal analysis
PD quantification
Website
PD Location - Switchgear
Plan view AIS Switchgear
Internal PD
0.3 0
0
0.2
0
Substation Substation
0.1 0
Chan 2
Volts
0 0
-0.1 0
0
-0.2
iPD mPD
0
-0.3 0
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time (uSec)
PD iPD
Reflection
signal Pulse
Underground Cable
PD Location - Cable
On-line Mapping usually locates PD to within 1% of cable length
PD source
4,500
4,000
3,500
PD magnitude (pC)
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
Cable length (m)
Case Studies
Substation No3
MS3 470 L3
Exceptionally high levels
of noise due to process
engineering
High Criticality on Circuit MS3 470 L3
MS3 470 L3
Very high noise
from Steel plant
Original data
ZOOM
Original data
Original data
ZOOM
Original data
Original data
ZOOM
Original data
Original data
DeCIFer PD detection
algorithm can identify PD
in VERY high noise
Original data
PD reflection
PD
PD location and cable length measurement
PD detected Reflection from PD reflected from
P1 end of cable end of cable
P2 P1
P1 P2
MS3 Joint Joint
ASM Transformer
Approximately 700m
Cable PD Map
Detection accuracy ~ 5m in 700 = 0.7%
Action taken;
Before
After
International Airport
UK
VMX Switchgear
Known problems Acoustic sensors ‘listening’
for surface discharge
Over a 3 month period the discharge activity
progressively increased