Topic:-

“RELATION BETWEEN
ARCHITECTURE AND HUMAN
PSYCHOLOGY”
 INDEX
1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….....
1.1 Aim………………………………………………………………………………………...
1.2 Objectives………………………………………………………………………………….
1.3 Scope………………………………………………………………………………………
1.4 Limitation………………………………………………………………………………….
1.5 Methodology……………………………………………………………………………....

2. Data collection……………………………………………………………………………..
2.1 Introduction ……………………….………………………………………………………..
2.2. Building forms in architecture and it’s impact on human psychology………………………
2.3. Relation between architecture and human psychology………………………………………..

2.3. Case study and inferences in relation with………………………………………

2.3(A) Space …………………………………………………………………………..

2.3(B) Pattern……………………………………………………………………………

2.3(C) Circulation………………………………………………………………………..

2.4(D) Light ……………………………………………………………………………..

2.5(E) Ventilation…………………………………………………………………………

2.6(F) Colors……………………………………………………………………………...

2.7(G) Material……………………………………………………………………………

2.5. Better ways to design and balance architecture and human psychology……………

2.5. Inferences ……………………………………………………………………………………

2.6. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………….
Introduction:

Aim: To study effect of building forms on human psychology from all architectural periods.
Objective: 1) To study different form of building from different architectural periods.
2) To study Relation between architecture and environment
3) Effects of architectural spaces on human behavior or on their psychology.
4) What can be better ways of designing for balancing environment and human
psychology.
Scope:
 Relation between Quality of life and human psychology.
 Effect of urbanization on environment and human behavior.
 Residential environment and its effect on environmental psychology.
 Effect of Work environment on human psychology.
 Effect of slum areas on humans behavior.
 Better design solutions for heathy environment.
 Balancing architecture and environment.
 Modern architecture and its impact on human psychology.
 Changes in architectural period with respect to humans and their behavior.
Limitation:
 Study is limited to building forms and impact on human psychology from all architectural
periods.
 Relation between architecture and human psychology.
 Better ways for designing and balancing architecture and environmental psychology.
Methodology:
 All the data is taken by referring literature and with the help of internet.
 Also data is taken from research paper available on internet.
 The report is based on study of previous reports and articles.
 Case studies are done with the help of books and internet.
 Live case study is done.
DATA COLLECTION:
INRODUCTION:
Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay
between individuals and their surroundings. It examines the way in which the natural
environment and our built environments shape us as individuals. The field defines the term
environment broadly, encompassing natural environments, social settings, built environments,
learning environments, and informational environments When solving problems involving
human-environment interactions, whether global or local, one must have a model of human
nature that predicts the environmental conditions under which humans will respond well. This
can help design, manage, protect and restore environments that enhance reasonable behavior,
predict the likely outcomes when these conditions are not met, and diagnose problem situations.
Same way for constructing underground or living maters the as for above ground living, for
every condition environment and human behavior changes . all the three terms are interconnected
that is space for living ( architectural spaces) , surrounding environment and human psychology
(human behavior).

 Senses and the Nervous System

In order to feel comfortable in an environment, does not only require a pleasant indoor climate.
Light, plants, materials, construction methods, temperature, and air conditions also play a role for
well-being and health. We have to bear in mind that humans have a holistic perception: Our
senses influence our thinking, feelings and actions and therefore our entire body. If our senses
are positively stimulated, this can have an invigorating or calming effect. As a result, spaces can
influence our thinking, action patterns and, thus for example, promote motivation, our readiness
to act, and strengthen our performance or concentration. If we feel uncomfortable in spaces, this
can lead to restlessness or discomfort, hypersensitivity, lethargy or even anxiety.

 Personality and Evolvement

The living environment in which we dwell and are surrounded by, and thus also our surrounding
built environment is fertile ground for our individual development and evolution. In a positive
sense, spaces can contribute to strengthening our sense of self-esteem and satisfaction. Deficits
in this area might cause dissatisfaction, restlessness, alienation and listlessness.

Improving the quality, size, and quantity of housing, and improving the quality of neighborhoods
and lower income households will have a positive effect in reducing criminality and ill-health
and improving educational attainment.

 Use and Behavior

Spaces determine our behavior  for the most part without our conscious perception. Spatial
structures promote certain patterns of behavior, and designs and equipment animate us to certain
ways of dealing with and using them.If architecture promotes a positive and emotional
attachment to places and strengthen a sense of responsibility, such consequences can be
intercepted. Living or working environments can also become instruments of identification for
our personality. If those processes occur, our sense of responsibility for the spaces we inhabit
develops.

RELATION BETWEEN ARCHITECTURE AND HUMAN PSYCOLOGY

The role of architecture and it’s affect on human behavior is completely a responsibility of an
architect. It is always a professional’s responsibility to take in consideration that how people
accept and react on every new creation in architectural forms and spaces. Humans behavior is
key factor of country’s progress. Therefor designers are the key of every successful country.
We spend our full day from morning to night with full of busy schedule which incudes our home,
school/ college/ office/ work space etc. which is 80-90% of the indoor and the spaces, lighting,
colors, acoustics, aesthetics which play a big role on the psychology of individual.
Architectural elements relate human behavior
 Spaces
 Pattern
 Circulation
 Light
 Ventilation
 Colors
 Material
Individuals differences are bound to exit so proper architectural implementation is necessary to
meet everyone’s psychological desires. Hence, there is definite relationship between architecture
and psychology.
It is utmost importance to keep psychological needs of a person regarding a vicinity in mind
designing a space. The enchanting aesthetics will go in vain if a person inside is stifled by heart
from a badly placed window or unable to arrange furniture neatly inside.

We spend 80–90% of our lives indoors, surrounded by forms, artificial light, colors, furniture
and soundscapes. Isn’t it time to ask how much these built environments affect our lives and our
personality? In this series, we explore questions about how architecture affects our thinking, our
cognitive abilities, our mental and physical well-being, and our emotions.

 Place identity
the daily experiences of every human being. Through one's attitudes, feelings, ideas, memories, personal
values and preferences toward the range and type of physical settings, he/she can then understand the
environment they live in and their overall experience.
As a person interacts with various places and spaces, he/she is able to evaluate which properties in
different environments fulfill his/her various needs. When a place contains components that satisfy a
person biologically, socially, psychologically and/or culturally, it creates the environmental past of a
person. Through 'good' or 'bad' experiences with a place, a person is then able to reflect and define their
personal values, attitudes, feelings and beliefs about the physical world.
 Place attachment
Place attachment is defined as one's emotional or affective ties to a place,

 Behavior settings
Human behavior is depending on environment in which he is surrounded. Every action of
humans is indirectly because of environment in which he live, work, relax etc. humans are
strongly connected to their feelings and feelings comes from surrounding environment. When
architect, planner, urban designer design the building or any space, he or she must study human
psychology for spaces. Failure or successes are major out come of environment of build spaces.

 Impact on the built environment

Environmental psychologists rejected the laboratory-experimental paradigm because of its
simplification and skewed view of the cause-and-effect relationships of human's behaviors and
experiences. Environmental psychologists examine how one or more parameters produce an
effect while other measures are controlled. It is impossible to manipulate real-world settings in a
laboratory.
Environmental psychology is oriented towards influencing the work of design professionals
architects, engineers, interior designers, urban planners, etc. and thereby improving the human
environment.
The role and impact of architecture on human behavior is debated within the architectural
profession. Views range from: supposing that people will adapt to new architectures and city
forms; believing that architects cannot predict the impact of buildings on humans and therefore
should base decisions on other factors.
Those spaces should be created in such a way that architectural outcomes can be achieved along
with having a positive effect on our behavior, health, and wellbeing. Creating the “perfect” space
is an impossible, and subjective, balancing act.

BUILDING FORMS IN ARCHITECTURE AND IT’S IMPACT ON

HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY
Architecture changes form dates and architectural features also get turns into modernism , frorm
the past of architecture architectural periods like prehistoric, ancient Egypt, classic, byzantine,
Romanesque, gothic, ionic, Islamic, Hinduism, chines architecture, etc. always have
psychological effect
 ARCHITECTURAL PERIOD ARCHITECTURAL HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY
FETURES

1. Prehistoric architecture. Prehistoric architecture  Geometric shapes used in

(11,600b.c. To 3500b.c)
Stonehenge in Amesbury,UK
includes monumental
structures such as
Stonehenge, cliff dwelling in
the Americas, and thatch and
mud structure is founded in
these structures.
 Human mentality for
 Prehistoric builders
moved earth and stone
geometric forms, creating 
our earliest human-made
formations. They build
geometric structures.
this period is mainly
circle which dominate
man’s
 Circle is the first shape
humans realized to be
significant to their lives.
circular shape is circle
reflect sun and moon.
Prehistoric people looked
to the heaven to imitate
the sun and moon using
that circular shape in their
creations of earth mounds
and monolithic henges.

2. Ancient Egypt (3050b.c. to  Egypt is based on great  People in Egypt made

900b.c.) temples and tombs,  pyramid with square base
which were made with triangle, with spiritual
granite and limestone and ethics.
decorated with  Pyramids are made to
hieroglyphics, carvings kept dead bodies in it.
and brightly colored  Human phycology for
frescoes. pyramid or for shape like
 Pyramid design is one of pyramid is suffocation,
The pyramid of khafre in giza, the earliest of the death or place after death.
Egypt. massive stone monument

3. Classic architecture (850B.C.

TO A.D.476)
 Classic architecture  Symmetric forms of
refers to the style and buildings make humans
design of buildings in feel of complete,
ancient Greece and organized, balance .
ancient Rome.  Emotions like clam,
 For without symmetry peace and joy.
and proportion no temple
can have regular plan
The pantheon A.D.126, Rome.
 3. Byzantine (527 to 556)
Church of hagia, Istanbul, turkey
 Roman architecture
evolved into a graceful,
classically-inspired style
that used brick instead of
stone, domed roof,
elaborate mosaics, and
classical forms.
 Instead of stone they used
bricks which are lighter in
weight then stones,
human psychology for
bricks instead of stone is
feel of little relaxed and
some part of comfort.
Which in case of stone
humans feel burden.

4..Romanesque(800 to 1200  A Rome spread across  Round arches are effect

Europe, heavier, stocky on circulation spaces and
Romanesque architecture changes way of thinking
with rounded arches for openings
emerged.  Build forms of churches
 Churches are constructed are very heavy and gives
with thick walls and feel of burden
heavy piers.

st.sernin in Toulouse,france.)

5. Gothic(1100 to 1450)  Early in 12th century,  Gothic style was too

innovations such as much decorative with
pointed arches, flying aggressive design which
buttresses, and ribbed are harsh to see.
vaulting .  Gothic style gives feeling
 Stained glass could take of moving in between
the place of walls to harsh structures. This
support the ceillings. buildings are attractive.
 Gargoyles and other  Height of buildings are
Cathedral of Notre dame de
sculpture use as too high that they look
charters, France.
decorative functions. like connecting to heaven.
 6. Renaissance (1400 to 1600)  Architects and builders in 
this era inspired by the
carefully proportioned
buildings of ancient
Greece and Rome.
 In 1570 and rea palladio
used the new technology
of movable type.
Villa rotunda, Italy.
Renaissance period
buildings are
proportionate that is in
ratio of vertical and
horizontal so the people
in building feel free and
comfortable.

7. Baroque  In 1960s, an elaborate  Complex shape of

new architectural style
lavished buildings.
 Characterized by
complex shapes,
extravagant ornaments,
opulent paintings, and
old characteristics.
 In Italy this reflect
The Baroque palace of Versailles irregular shapes and  This ornamentation make
in France. (1600 to 1830) extravagant
ornamentation.
 In france , highly
ornamented baroque
style combines with
classic restraint.
building is like cluster
and not spreaded. The
ornamentation on
building, colors used for
building, irregular shapes,
lavished buildings are just
too much for single
building.
heavy and packed feel
when see to structures.

8. Rococo  Builders constructed  The main part of building

graceful white buildings
with sweeping curves.
 Buildings are  The elegant features of
characterized by elegant
decorative designs with
scrolls, vines, shell-
shapes, and delicate
geometric patterns.
Catherine place near saint
Petersburg, Russia (1650 to 1790)
is use of white color
which give peace to eyes.
buildings gives that
satisfaction, calmness,
peace in and out of
buildings.
 9. Neoclassicium  Orderly, symmetrical
neoclassical architecture
reflected the intellectual
awaking among the
middle and upper classes
in Europe during the
period historians often
call the enlightment.
 In this period structures
are mostly geometrical
form and in silent color
with silent features gives
balanced and peaceful
time in and out of
building.

Capitol in Washington, U.S (1730

to 1925)
10. Art Nouveau  Art Nouveau was first  This period shows graphic
expressed in fabrics and designs on it the
graphic design. asymmetric shapes,
 Often have asymmetrical arches etc. are just
shapes, arches, and creatively décor and
decorative Japanese like balance of all elements.
surface with curved,  Feel of classic and
plant-like designs and modern is just balanced
mosaics. and satisfactory.
Hotel Lutetia in Paris.(1890-1914)

11. Beaux Arts (1895 to 1925)
 Beaux Art Architecture is 
characterized by order,
symmetry, formal design,
grandiosity, and
elaborate ornamentation.
 This was a favored style 
for grand public
buildings and opulent
mansions.
Beaux Art period is the
combination of all periods
and create a elegant
buildings with very
attractive way.
All the features, elements,
factors which gives peace
satisfaction and joy are
created.

The Opera by Beaux arts, Paris.

12. Neo-Gothic (1905 to 1930)
Tribune tower, Chicago
 Neo-Gothic skyscrapers  All the elements and
often have strong vertical feature of buildings are so
lines and a sense of great made that they have sense
height. of great height, and
 Arched and pointed pointed arches are made
windows with decorative  This vertical elements
tracery, gargoyles and gives sense of high class
other medieval carvings peoples.
and pinnacles.
 13. Art Deco (1925 to 1937)
 Art deco buildings have
Chrysler Building, New York City
14. Modernist (1900 to Present) 
 Precast construction has
De La Warr Pavilion, U.K
 Sleek forms and ziggurat  Zigzag patterns and
designs, art deco vertical lines create
architecture embraced dramatic effect
both the machine age and  With each story smaller
ancient times. than below one this
reminds the hierarchy of
many of these feature, class.
cubic forms, ziggurat,
terraced pyramid shapes.
Architects believed in  modernist architecture use
applying scientific, precast structures. Which
analytical methods to are lighter then
design commercial walls and
slab, so no matter size of
been done from this building this always gives
period. relaxation and not the
burden which commercial
one effect when big scale.

15. Present-Postmodernism  Combining new ideas  Post modernist buildings

(1972 to Present) with old traditional forms may startle, surprise, and
 Familiar shapes and even amuse.
details are used in  Combination of
unexpected ways. traditional and new ideas
effect on enhancing
quality life control, and
healthy environment
inside the buldings.

Celebration Place, Florida.

16. Neo-Modernism and  As construction  Buildings now a days are

Parametricism (1997 to Present) companies change their
methods, so design can
be made of any form
using computers
 Blobitecture take place in 
modern architecture.
 Form of buildings don’t
created more sustainable
which is environmental,
eco-friendly, energy
efficient.
Though buildings are
green which includes
courtyards in it greenery
 have any specific shape give fresh air and comfort
we can call it. in building environment.
 Massive use of concrete
and glass is increased.
 Green building takes
place in modern
architecture.

Heydar Aliyev Center,Azerbaijan.

LIVE CASE STUDY:

1. PRAVARA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURAL, LONI.

No Architectural elements Human psychology

1 Spaces Spaces such as classrooms courtyard,
staffrooms, office area, passages etc. are
effect by their size shape or form etc if
size of room is small and there is no
proper ventilation then humans feel
suffocation and is size is large humans feel
fresh and free.
2 Pattern Classrooms are design in grid pattern and
staff rooms are placed in curve pattern
where both gives different feelings while
roaming around.
3 Circulation Circulation pattern in more interested than
normal buildings which create Mistry in
building, also the circulation passages are
connected to courtyards which gives feel
like roaming around garden.
4 Light Use of daylight in correct manner which
gives enough light in rooms and create
freshness in building
5 Ventilation Proper ventilation gives feel of relaxation
6 Colors Bright colors make fresh environment in
building

INFURANCES

In every form, space, pattern, circulation, light, ventilation, colours effect on human psycology.
Built environment and humans have big relation in between which effects on humans daily life
and controls human feelings, emotions etc.
2. HUSAIN DOSHI GUFA ( Underground art museum )

Husiain doshi gufa is an art museum made underground by AR. B. V. DOSHI. This structure is
design underground for capble of withstanding the area’s severe summer heat. Gallery space is
below ground level. This is cave like structure this cave don’t have straight walls, instead using a
continuation of curved dome structure which extend down to floor. The dome structure
themselves are supported by irregularly shaped inclined columns, similar to those found in
natural caves. The entire design is made up of circles and ellipses. light arrives through snouts,
creating spot of light on floor which move around as day process intended to create mystic
atmosphere.

INFURANCES

This underground cave like museum give the feel of deep underground natural cave because of
its form and shape the pattern of circulation their structural elements such as column , dome ,
walls etc. are design on biomimicry of natural forms. The columns inside are biomimicry of tree.
So the impact on humans psychology is also changes for the structure. human psychology for
underground structure is getting feel of suffocation , unconscious, burden etc . but by designing
snouts at roof, light enters inside and create a spot light which gives pleasant effect . because of
this place is underground the temperature inside is more cooler than above ground.

The artist husian doshi painted this gufa with bold strokes of paints and painted a abstract art on
wall which reflect human figures, this colors are such bold that they feel like

3. NEW DESIGNS OF HOSPITALS EMERGE WITH THE CONCEPT OF HEALING

ARCHITECTURE

.Dr Tanja Vollmer, of Kopvol, examines how sick people react to buildings and spaces. She found out that
in the majority of German hospitals, the built environment does not support the healing process. Waiting
in the sterile corridors without any privacy enhances the feeling of stress and lowers one’s attention —
 making you more likely to miss important information from a doctor. Spaces of retreat, security and
security are missing. Noise and neon lights disrupt the day-night rhythm and hinder the recovery of
patients.

Therefore, Vollmer advocates a so-called “healing architecture” in which the needs of the patient
come to the fore and the usefulness of the clinic construction becomes secondary. The decisive
factor for the healing architecture is a new self-conception of the architects. Scientific data such as
that of Tanja Vollmer is being used accordingly for the architecture of hospitals. In the intensive
care unit of the Berlin Charité those findings were put into practice. Architects recreated two
rooms to suit the needs of the patients. The rooms are designed with warm colors, wooden
materials, lots of light and medical devices are hidden from the patients’ field of view. At night
time, the noise of the medical machines is redirected into surveillance rooms, allowing patients to
sleep without disturbing noises.

4. NEW BUILDING OF THE PSYCHIATRIC CLINIC OF THE UNIVERSITY

HOSPITAL TÜBINGEN

For a new building of the psychiatric clinic of the University Hospital Tübingen, the theory of healing
architecture was also applied. For the new building, wooden floors were laid throughout the space. All
spaces were designed to be wide and spacious with a lot of daylight. The spatial allocation should
counteract the “locked-in feeling” patients can feel. The concept of the healing architecture worked
out. Comparing the new building to the old building showed that in the period

5.THE RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER IN CHICAGO

Cyclindrical light wells with trees in the middle bring a lot of sunlight and nature into the
enterance hall.

The architecture firm Perkins+Will has also used the healing architecture approach for the design
of the Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. The facade has been designed so that
cylindrical light wells allow a lot of sunlight into the building. A rooftop garden and green indoor
planting zones can be used as recreational oases. In the design process, the architects incorporated
studies on how clinicians and patients use the building to best adapt the building to user needs.

 BETTER WAYS TO DESIGN BUILDING FOR HUMAN COMFORT

Factors that reduce feelings of crowding within buildings include:

1. Every form space pattern, effect human psychology so designing a space and form of building
gives clear picture about environmental psychology.
2. Windows – particularly ones that can be opened and ones that provide a view as well as light
3. High ceilings
4. Doors to divide spaces and provide access control
5. Room shape – square rooms feel less crowded than rectangular ones
6. Using partitions to create smaller, personalized spaces within an open plan office or larger work
space.
7. Providing increases in cognitive control over aspects of the internal environment, such as
ventilation, light, privacy, etc.
8. Conducting a cognitive appraisal of an environment and feelings of crowding in different settings.
For example, one might be comfortable with crowding at a concert but not in school corridors.
9. Creating a defensible space
10. Having an area of personal territory in a public space, e.g., at the office, is a key feature of many
architectural designs. Having such a 'defensible space' can reduce the negative effects of
crowding in urban environments.

INFERENCES:

All the built environment effects on human psychology. The arrangement of furniture and
dimensioning of spaces and their design influence the human patterns of movement, actions and
usage. If spaces are created in a way that runs counter to our patterns, it can hamper our
movements and actions and cause anger or frustration. Or, conversely, support the structures of
everyday life and make us feel comfortable. Taking in consideration what effect positively and
planning for such, will make human life happy and healthy.
REFFRENCES:

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f183a6732708
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