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Age Sex CompositionSP
Age Sex CompositionSP
• They not only reveal the history of a population but also its future
prospects
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INTRODUCTION
• Age and sex are the two most important variables in demographic
analysis. •John Weeks:
• Demographers’ definition of age— Completed age, i.e. age of an
individual at last birthday. “Changes in the age/sex
• Age is usually published in 5 or 10 year age groups.
• Sex is defined as the male and female in terms of biological functions.
structure affect virtually all
• Gender is defined as the social roles, norms associated with being social institutions and
male and female.
represent a major force for
social change”.
[Weeks, Chapter 8]
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•0-4 It comprises two bar-graphs, one for males [on the left] and one for
females [on the right].
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•10-14 The pyramid may be plotted using absolute numbers or using
percentages.
•15-19 etc.
Percentages reflect the share of each age-sex group in the total
population.
N.B. Age-groups should not overlap
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65-69
[ high fertility and mortality rate, a broad base 60-64
50-54
The Constrictive pyramid 45-49
30-34
children]. 25-29
15-19
[negative growth, very low birth rates and death 10-14
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
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75+
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
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5-9
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-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
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Classification of Populations
Populations may be classified based on the relative proportions in the
young and elderly cohorts
• Generally proportion of population aged 65+ years
10% or more - old
Under 5% - young.
• The proportion of children under 15 years:
Under 25% is old
and at 35% or more as young
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65-69 World 26 8
60-64
55-59
50-54
More Developed Regions 16 16
45-49
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Asia 25 7 24
Oceana 24 11
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27 30
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27741 X 100
184498 = 15.04 ; approx. 15 elderly dependents
per 100 working-age pop.
Source: Latin America and Caribbean: Population Estimates and
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Projections 1950-2050. CELADE, 2002.
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Activity 5.1
1.Calculate the total, child, and Support ratios
aged dependency ratios for all of
Jamaica 2011.
2.Interpret your results
• The support ratio tells you the number of working age persons
who are available to support each dependent. It is simply the
reciprocal of the dependency ratio.
• Support ratios can be computed separately for the total , child or
elderly populations.
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Greece 14 19 80 T 78 M 82F
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpOEHjndywk
Italy 14 21 82 79 85
Spain 19 17 82 79 85
Japan 13 24 83 80 86
Caribbean 27 9 72 70 75
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MASCULINITY PROPORTION
SEX COMPOSITION • For most national populations, the masculinity proportion varies over a
narrow range, falling just under 50, unless exceptional historical
circumstances have occurred.
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Barbados 1990
118556 X100
128730
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57 60
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Changes in the age-sex ratio for Jamaica Population at ages 0 and 1 by sex in
1943-2010 Jamaica
Age 1943 1970 1991 2001 2010 • Jamaica 2001.
group • Male (0): 26,958
Total 93.7 95.5 96.2 96.9 97.9 • Female (0) 26,029 Jamaica 2010
• Sex ratio at age 0=103.6
Male (0) 20311
0-4 100.3 101.6 103.2 103.7 102.2 Female (0) 19572
• Male (1) 26,759
5-14 100.8 101.0 101.3 102.6 103.7 • female (1)25,969 Sex ratio:103.8
• Sex ratio at age 1=103.0
15-29 87.8 92.8 95.1 96.0 99.57 Male (1) 21223
30-44 97.2 89.1 93.7 92.2 91.04 62
Female (1) 20682 65
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Son Preference
• This is the tendency for parents to prefer male
children over female children
• Where son preference is strong, mortality for girls in the
second to fifth year of life after birth is higher than that of
boys
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• Needed to perform certain religious rituals The campaign slogan was “One is good, two is okay, and three is
too many”
• Status
The policy promotes having one child in urban and rural areas.
Note:
The Great Chinese Famine 1958-61
Government estimates 15 million deaths
Unofficial statistics 20-43 million due to starvation
40 million failed to be born.
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Source: Jonathan Mirsky, 2012. The Great Chinese Famine,1958. The New York Times, Dec 2012.
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• At least 60 million girls who would otherwise be expected • Additional children result in large fines.
to live are missing due to selective abortions or relative
neglect. • Families with additional children may also be denied free access to
schooling and health care.
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With the One-Child policy, the fertility rate in China has fallen demographic Sex ratio at birth 112.0 104.5
from over five births to 1.7 births per woman. indicators in Sex ratio at death 120.0 110.0
Table 2, Sex ratio of net migrants 125.0 98
The long period of sub-replacement fertility has led to compare and Aged to child ratio 28.5 10
population aging. contrast the Child support ratio 30 60
profile of Migration ratio 50 -45.3
Internationally, there has been general concern about human Countries A Population growth rate % 3 2
rights issues and discrimination. and B in Male tertiary enrollment 43.0 20
2016. Provide ratio
China now faces a severe imbalance in sex ratios, so that there is plausible Female tertiary enrollment 42.0 35
a shortage of girls as marriage partners. explanations ratio
for these Crude birth rate 13.0 20
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Improvements in education and in the economy cause couples to patterns Adolescent fertility rate per 7 70
voluntarily opt for less children. 1000 females aged 15-19
years
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Male Privileging:
Access to a greater control of resources
Maintenance of a higher status in society
Exercise of greater power
Occupying a wider social space
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http://www.mona.uwi.edu/cop/library/male-privileging-
and-male-academic-performance-jamaica
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