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Psych - Social Cognition
Psych - Social Cognition
COGNITION
- AVAILABILITY
- It is that particular heuristic which is clearly
responsible enough to make judgements on
the basis of how quickly does the thoughts
come to the mind.
- Certainly, this particular heuristic has a
good sense of time, but making judgments on
the basis of previously made thoughts causes
severe errors and its overestimates the
likelihood of events that are rare to take
place but come easily to the mind.
- Apart from the ease in bringing in the
information into the mind, there is more to
this particular heuristic and that is, the more
the information stored in the minds of the
people, the greater impact it has on our
judgements.
- Mass Media is one of the strongest mediums
for the arousal of this particular heuristic.
- Eg : People tend to fear travelling by
airplanes over automobiles, without actually
realizing that the number of accidents in
automobiles is comparatively more in
airplanes. It is mass media that acts as a
medium to overestimate this fact in the
minds of people.
- ACHORING & ADJUSTMENT
- It is that particular type of heuristic which
allows people to make judgements
considering a numerical point as the starting
point which later can be adjusted.
- Judgements on the basis of this particular
heuristic could be insufficient as it allows to
make a great deal of influences for future
assessments.
- Eg : An experienced lawyer can with his
expertise tend to either prepone or postpone
the original date of punishment or sentence
of the prosecutor of the crime.
- OPTIMISTIC BIAS
- Optimistic Bias is the ‘opposite’ of negative
bias.
- It is a tendency of people to have look at
things from that of a vision of a “rose
colored glasses” that is having a sort of a
predisposition of having all events go well in
a positive manner.
- People high on this particular bias tend to
think that positive events are likely to occur
and negative events are less likely to occur
in the same.
- 3 concepts that optimistic bias also deals
with is
1. Overconfidence Barrier
2. Planning Fallacy
3. Optimism at work.
- OVERCONFIDENCE BARRIER
- Optimism to a very large extent is seen in
what we call as “overconfidence barrier” It
is that bias or error or tilt of social cognition
which describes the tendency of being
“overly optimistic” and “confident” towards
events that are likely to occur.
- Researchers believe that people who are
generally more confident are in fact less
competent in nature.
- They also include that people who are high
on this bias in specific tend to be missing out
on some crucial information, and that
overconfidence stems from the “errors of
omission”
- They finally conclude that people who face
this barrier of overconfidence tend to not
have proper feedbacks to give for the
information they missed and thus use the
medium of confidence for marking the same.
- PLANNING FALLANCY
- Optimism has a large effect on help us plan
our work effectively, this could be seen in
the perspective of “PLANNING FALLACY”.
The term Planning Fallacy would be
described as the tendency of prediction of
getting more work done, in a given time
period that is not possible enough.
- Researches