I.

1. Yes, the fishermen can be charged for illegal fishing.

Discovery of any person in an area where he has no permit or registration papers

for a fishing vessel shall constitute a prima facie presumption that the person
and/or vessel is engaged in unauthorized fishing: Provided, That fishing for daily
food sustenance or for leisure which is not for commercial, occupation or
livelihood purposes may be allowed.

It shall be unlawful for any person not listed in the registry of municipal fisherfolk
to engage in any commercial fishing activity in municipal waters. Any municipal
fisherfolk who commits such violation shall be punished by confiscation of catch
and a fine of Five hundred pesos (500.00).

B. Section 23. Limited Entry Into Overfished Areas. - Whenever it is determined

by the LGUs and the Department that a municipal water is overfished based on
available data or information or in danger of being overfished, and that there is a
need to regenerate the fishery resources in that water, the LGU shall prohibit or
limit fishery activities in the said waters.

II

1. Pollution, Means any alteration of the physical, chemical, and biological

properties of the atmospheric air, that would be harmful or injurious to the public
health.
2. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Those substances that deplete the ozone layer
3. Greenhouse gasses, Those gases that can induce global warming.
4. Emission, Any air contaminant.
5. Ambient Air Quality The atmosphere's average purity.

B.

III.
1. Pollutant Sludge produced; a cesspools
2. Liquid Waste Waste in liquid state containing pollutants
3. Disposal, Discharges from an industrial or commercial facilities into a body of
water.
4. Illegal Dumping Any unauthorized or illegal disposal of waste materials
5. Contamination Introduction of substances that make the water unfit for
intended use.

B.) functions to be performed by the following agencies.

 1. Philippine coast guard - PHILIPPINE COAST GUARD (PCG) primarily
tasked with enforcing laws within the Philippine waters, conducting
maritime security operations safeguarding life and property at sea, and
protecting the marine environment and resources.

2. Dpwh, Department of public Works and Highways is currently responsible

for the planning, design, construction and maintenance of infrastructure,
especially the national highways, flood control and water resources
development system, and other public works in accordance with national
development objectives.

3. Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System - to ensure an uninterrupted

and adequate supply and distribution of potable water for domestic and other
purposes at just and equitable rates.” The proper operation and maintenance of
sewerage systems was likewise part of its mandate.

4. Local Water Utilities Administration - LWUA promote and oversee the

development of water supply systems in provincial cities and municipalities
outside of Metropolitan Manila.

5. Department of health is the principal health agency in the Philippines. It is

responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services to all
Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and regulation of
providers of health goods and services.

IV

1. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through

depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of
ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution. ...
When natural habitats are destroyed or natural resources are depleted,
the environment is degraded.

Water pollution has also worsened due to resorts and other commercial
establishments that lack proper drainage systems that allow untreated waste
water to flow directly into Boracay waters. – Proper drainage system

Boracay has received more than a million visitors for the last two years. This
weight in tourist numbers has meant an increase in unmonitored snorkeling and
diving activities, which are blamed for damaging the island’s benthic cover, or the
lower ocean floor where tiny organisms live and act as a source of food for
bottom-feeding animals. Benthic organisms are good indicators of water quality.
Limitation of tourist

2. Yes,
3. No, (d) The utilization, exploitation, development, conservation and
 protection of water resources shall be subject to the control and regulation
of the government through the National Water Resources Council,
hereinafter referred to as the Council.

V.

a. What are the potential sources of renewable energy?

 Biomass / Biofuels
 Geothermal
 Solar Power
 Hydropower
 Ocean
 Wind Power

B. Make a brief but concise explanatory note on climate change.

Climate change in IPCC usage refers to a change in the state of the climate that
can be identified (e.g. using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the
variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically
decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to
natural variability or as a result of human activity.

VI

a. ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT refers to the systematic

administration of activities which provide for segregation at source, segregated
transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid
waste and all other waste management activities which do not harm the
environment.

b. Reduce, reuse and recycle

c. fashionable items made from found or recycled materials

d. Waste Segregation Program (Biodegradable, Non-Bio Degradable,

Recycable)
Compost Pit Program turn organic waste turn to fertilizer
 VII

a. Laundry and dish washing detergent , Mothballs, Kerosene

b. MGB Regional Director

VIII

a. SECTION 26. Duty of National Government Agencies in the Maintenance of

Ecological Balance. - It shall be the duty of every national agency or government-
owned or -controlled corporation authorizing or involved in the planning and
implementation of any project or program that may cause pollution, climatic
change, depletion of non-renewable resources, loss of crop land, rangeland, or
forest cover, and extinction of animal or plant species, to consult with the local
government units, nongovernmental organizations, and other sectors concerned
and explain the goals and objectives of project or program, its impact upon the
people and the community in terms of environmental or ecological balance, and
the measures that will be undertaken to prevent or minimize the adverse effects
thereof.

SECTION 27. Prior Consultations Required.- No project or program shall be

implemented by government authorities unless the consultations mentioned in
Sections 2 (c) and 26 hereof are complied with, and prior approval of the
Sanggunian concerned is obtained: Provided, That occupants in areas where
such projects are to be implemented shall not be evicted unless appropriate
relocation sites have been provided, in accordance with the provisions of the
Constitution.

b. Section 2. Declaration of Policy. - It shall be the policy of the State to:

(a) Uphold the people's constitutional rights to life and property by

addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters, strengthening
the country's institutional capacity for disaster risk reduction and
management and building the resilience of local communities to disasters
including climate change impacts;

(b) Adhere to and adopt the universal norms, principles and standards of
humanitarian assistance and the global effort on risk reduction as concrete
 expression of the country's commitment to overcome human sufferings
due to recurring disasters;

(c) Incorporate internationally accepted principles of disaster risk

management in the creation and implementation of national, regional and
local sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies, policies,
plans and budgets;

(d) Adopt a disaster risk reduction and management approach that is

holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive in lessening the
socioeconomic and environmental impacts of disasters including climate
change, and promote the involvement and participation of all sectors and
all stakeholders concerned, at all levels, especially the local community;

(e) Develop, promote, and implement a comprehensive National Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) that aims to strengthen
the capacity of the national government and the local government units
(LGUs), together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster resilience
of communities, and' to institutionalize arrangements and measures for
reducing disaster risks, including projected climate risks, and enhancing
disaster preparedness and response capabilities at all levels;

c. (f) Adopt and implement a coherent, comprehensive, integrated, efficient

and responsive disaster risk reduction program incorporated in the
development plan at various levels of government adhering to the
principles of good governance such as transparency and accountability
within the context of poverty alleviation and environmental protection;

(g) Mainstream disaster risk reduction and climate change in development

processes such as policy formulation, socioeconomic development
planning, budgeting, and governance, particularly in the areas of
environment, agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty
reduction, land-use and urban planning, and public infrastructure and
housing, among others;

(h) Institutionalize the policies, structures, coordination mechanisms and

programs with continuing budget appropriation on disaster risk reduction
from national down to local levels towards building a disaster-resilient
nation and communities;

(i) Mainstream disaster risk reduction into the peace process and conflict
resolution approaches in order to minimize loss of lives and damage to
property, and ensure that communities in conflict zones can immediately
go back to their normal lives during periods of intermittent conflicts;
 (j) Ensure that disaster risk reduction and climate change measures are
gender responsive, sensitive to indigenous know ledge systems, and
respectful of human rights;

(k) Recognize the local risk patterns across the country and strengthen the
capacity of LGUs for disaster risk reduction and management through
decentralized powers, responsibilities, and resources at the regional and
local levels;

(l) Recognize and strengthen the capacities of LGUs and communities in

mitigating and preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the
impact of disasters;

(m) Engage the participation of civil society organizations (CSOs), the

private sector and volunteers in the government's disaster risk reduction
programs towards complementation of resources and effective delivery of
services to the Citizenry;

(n) Develop and strengthen the capacities of vulnerable and marginalized

groups to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the effects of
disasters;

(o) Enhance and implement a program where humanitarian aid workers,

communities, health professionals, government aid agencies, donors, and
the media are educated and trained on how they can actively support
breastfeeding before and during a disaster and/or an emergency; and

(p) Provide maximum care, assistance and services to individuals and

families affected by disaster, implement emergency rehabilitation projects
to lessen the impact of disaster, and facilitate resumption of normal social
and economic activities.

IX

1. ODS - Ozone depleting substances (ODSs) are

those substances which deplete the ozone layer and are widely used in
refrigerators, airconditioners, fire extinguishers, in dry cleaning, as
solvents for cleaning, electronic equipment and as agricultural fumigants.

2. The Environmental Compliance Certificate or ECC refers to the document

issued by the DENR-EMB that allows the project to proceed to the next
stage of project planning, which is the acquisition of approvals from other
government agencies and LGUs, after which the project can start
implementation.
 3. (g) Strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP) refers to an
action whether civil, criminal or administrative, brought against any
person, institution or any government agency or local government unit or
its officials and employees, with the intent to harass, vex, exert undue
pressure or stifle any legal recourse that such person, institution or
government agency has taken or may take in the enforcement of
environmental laws, protection of the environment or assertion of
environmental rights.

4. Environmental protection order (EPO) refers to an order issued by the

court directing or enjoining any person or government agency to perform
or desist from performing an act in order to protect, preserve or
rehabilitate the environment.

5. Greenhouse gas any of various gaseous compounds (such as carbon

dioxide or methane) that absorb infrared radiation, trap heat in the
atmosphere, and contribute to the greenhouse effect

Precautionary principle states that when human activities may lead to threats
of serious and irreversible damage to the environment that is scientifically
plausible but uncertain, actions shall be taken to avoid or diminish that threat.

X.
Section 5. Citizen suit. — Any Filipino citizen in representation of others,
including minors or generations yet unborn, may file an action to enforce rights or
obligations under environmental laws. Upon the filing of a citizen suit, the court
shall issue an order which shall contain a brief description of the cause of action
and the reliefs prayed for, requiring all interested parties to manifest their interest
to intervene in the case within fifteen (15) days from notice thereof. The plaintiff
may publish the order once in a newspaper of a general circulation in the
Philippines or furnish all affected barangays copies of said order.

What is a Writ of Kalikasan?

It is a remedy available to a natural or juridical person, entity authorized by law,
people’s organizations, non-governmental organization, or any public interest
group accredited by or registered with any government agency, on behalf of
persons whose constitutional right to a balanced and healthful ecology is
violated, or threatened with violation by an unlawful act or omission of a public
official or employee, or private individual or entity without involving environmental
damage of such magnitude as to prejudice the life, health or property of
inhabitants in two or more cities or provinces.

What is a Writ of Continuing Mandamus?

It is writ issued by a court in an environmental case directing any agency or
instrumentality of the government or officer thereof to perform an act or series of
acts decreed by final judgment which shall remain effective until judgment is fully
satisfied. It is filed by one who is personally aggrieved. (Contributor, Ihra Faith C
Magno)