Name: Samelo, Airon Kaye D.

Score:_____________
CE 418 – CE 4201 Date:

TECHNICAL REPORT No. 2

INTERSECTION AND DESIGN CONTROL

TITLE: Methods of Control of Intersections

I. OUTLINE
U-turn Slots
Signalized Intersection
Grade Separation
1. Trumpet interchange
2. Diamond interchange
3. Double trumpet interchange
4. Cloverleaf interchange

II. BODY
U-turn slots
The U-turn scheme has been implemented at several intersections within
Metro Manila for a number of years now. Operation at U-turn slots is very similar
to that of a roundabout except that it favors a particular road, which is assumed to
be the major road. A U-turn in driving refers to performing a 180° rotation to
reverse the direction of travel. It is called a "U-turn" because the maneuver looks
like the letter U.

Figure 1. U-turn slot

Signalized intersection
The control of traffic intersections by traffic signals is done by separation in
time, i.e., conflicts between opposing or merging streams are prevented by giving
the right of way to a
given direction.

Figure 2. Conflict diagrams for different types of control for a 4-leg intersection
 Figure 3. Comparison of types of control for a 4-leg intersection
Grade separation
Grade separation eliminates the problematic crossing conflicts of the
different movements of vehicles. Flyover/overpass, underpass, or full-blown
interchanges are some of the examples of grade separation. They provide the
safest and most efficient method of control but definitely the most costly, and
sometimes unaesthetic.

1. Trumpet interchange
Trumpet interchange is popular form of three leg interchange. One
of the legs of the interchange meets a highway at some angle but does not
cross. It have been used where one highway terminates at another
highway. It requires only one bridge and is the most traditional way of
grade separating a three way junction.

Figure 4. Trumpet interchange

2. Diamond interchange
Diamond interchange is a popular form of four leg interchange found
in the urban locations where major and minor roads crosses. The diamond
interchange requires a minimum amount of land and is economical to
construct. Also, a diamond interchange generally requires less out-of-the-
way travel and vehicle operating costs are less than those on most other
types of interchanges. the diamonds appear to be the ideal solution to an
intersection problem.

Figure 5. Diamond interchange

 3. Double trumpet interchange
A double trumpet is essentially half a cloverleaf interchange,
constructed to connect in just three directions instead of four. These are
rarely used due to the traffic weaving that they cause and the large amount
of land that they consume, but they can be built in areas where the
connecting ramp along the loop of a trumpet interchange is not feasible
due to building developments or physical limitations.

Figure 6. Double trumpet interchange

4. Clover leaf interchange

It is also a four leg interchange and is used when two highways
of high volume and speed intersect each other with considerable turning
movements. The main advantage of clover leaf intersection is that it
provides complete separation of traffic. In addition, high speed at
intersection can be achieves. However, the disadvantage is that large area
of land is required. Therefore cloverleaf interchange are provided mainly
in rural areas.

Figure 7. Cloverleaf interchange

CONCLUSION

Traffic intersections are problem spots on any highway, which contribute to a large share
of accidents. For safe operation, these locations should be kept under some level of control
depending upon the traffic quantity and behavior.

REFERENCES

 Sigua, Ricardo G.,(2008). Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering. The Philippines

University Press.
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105101008/downloads/cete_33.pdf