REINFORCEMENT STEEL

 Reinforcement Steel is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used as a tension

device in reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to
strengthen and aid the concrete under tension.
 Concrete is strong under compression, but has weak tensile strength.
Rebar significantly increases the tensile strength of the structure.

ADVANTAGES OF USING REINFORCEMENT STEEL WITH CONCRETE

 Steel is ductile material as compared to brittle nature of concrete, thus

stopping any sudden failure.
 Modulus of Rigidity remains same for tension and compression, in case
of steel.
 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of both steel and concrete is same.
(12*10^-6 /degree Celsius)
 Steel as a material has a very good bonding strength with concrete.
 Steel and Concrete can stay together for more than 100 years.
 Steel is recyclable.
Sizes and Grades Of Reinforcement Steel
 Rebars are available in the following grades as per IS:1786-2008
FE 415
FE 415D
FE 415S
FE 500
FE 500D
FE 500S
FE 550
FE 550D
FE 600.

 Indian Standard Rebar sizes

10MM
12MM
16MM
20MM
 25MM
28MM
32MM
36MM
40MM
50MM

Indian Standard Codes on Reinforcement Details

Below enlisted are the IS codes that is recommended for reinforcement

detailing and guidance:
– IS:432- 1982: Mild steel & medium tensile steel bars and hard
drawn steel wires for concrete reinforcement : Part-II -Hard drawn
steel wire.
– IS:1786-2008:Specification for High strength deformed steel bars
and wires for concrete reinforcement.
– IS:2502-1963: Code of practice for bending & fixing of bars for
concrete reinforcement.
– IS:2751 -1998: Recommended practice for welding of mild steel
plain & deformed bars for reinforced construction.
– IS:5525 -1969: Recommendation for detailing of reinforcement in
reinforced concrete works.
– IS:9077 -1979: Code of practice for corrosion protection of steel
reinforcement in RB & RCC construction.
– SP:34 -1987: Handbook on concrete reinforcement detailing

TESTS OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL

1. Rolling margin test

 It is deviation of a actual unit weight to that of standard unit weight of

Steel as per IS standard.
 Rolling Margin is calculated as under:-
 Total Weight of Bars (Dia wise) / Total Running Metre of Bars =
Actual Sectional Weight of bars.
 Compare sectional weight with Standard IS Weight.
 Weight as per IS Standard = Dia x Dia / 162.
  Rolling margin is the difference between the theoretical and actual
weight of steel. This is because of the die which is used for casting
of rebars.
 Frequency of test is :
 One sample for each lot received on site
 One sample consist of 3 number of bars of atleast 0.5m length.
 Relevant IS code: 1786-2008.
 Neccesity of the Test:
During the process of manufacturing of steel bars:
 Dye used for taking out steel bars of certain diameter have equal
diameter to that of steel bar. But this dye gets eroded due to
continuously usage of it and acquires more than the exact diameter
size.
 Hence, when builder or contractor orders required quantity of steel
bars for slab or beams for construction. Then they get less numbers
of bars in bundles than the required quantity (let's take 13 bars of
10mm diameter)
 Even though bundle of 10mm diameter having 13 nos of bars
having same weight to that of 12 nos. Of bars of 10.32mm [used
dye got eroded] diameter in each bundle.
 Which is serious problem for builders or contractors as they
requires 13 bars in a girder beam supposed. For every 13th bar they
have to take out from the next bundle (as they received only 12
bars in a bundle of 10mm diameter). So due to this condition there
will be shortage of bars of 10mm diameter for next girder beam.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) rolling margin of limits in steel:
• 8mm diA. Rolling Margin limit is +-7%
• 10mm diA. Rolling Margin limit is +-7%
• 12mm diA. Rolling Margin limit is +-5%
• 16mm diA. Rolling Margin limit is +-5%
• 20mm diA. Rolling Margin limit is +-3%
• 25mm diA. Rolling Margin limit is +-3%
• 32mm diA. Rolling Margin limit is +-3%
 2. TENSILE TEST:
• Tensile test : No.s of rebar sample =4, length of rebar sample =about 600
mm.
• Inputs available :
Length of sample = L
Weight of sample = w
A = w/0.00785L mm2
[As per Cl. 6.3.1 of IS 1786-2008 given at right]
• Gauge length for a rebar of diameter D mm = 5D mm
• The rebar sample is marked at (5D/2) mm locations.
• Method:
Load vs Deflection Curve:
• After plotting the above Load Deflection Curve, we consider yield point
YP = lower YP, in Newton (N).
• Hence, yield stress YS = YP / A , in Mpa
• The value thus obtained must comply with 0.2 percent proof stress/yield
stress as given in Table 3, sl. No. i and ii of IS 1786-2008 amend 1 given
below:

• From curve, ultimate tensile point UTP = Max load, in Newton (N).
• Hence, ultimate tensile stress TS = UTP / A, in Mpa
The value thus obtained must comply with TS/YS ratio and minimum
value of tensile strength as given in Table 3, sl. No. iii of IS 1786-2008
amend 1 as given below: