Research Main Paper

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Good Health has always been a prerequisite to students for them to perform with
the best of their abilities during class discussions in school. In connection to this, schools
have always included snack times and lunch breaks in their daily schedule for the
students to regain their energy from hour long lectures and as to promote proper nutrition
among the students.
Previous researches say that students who are accustomed to unhealthy dietary
practices have higher probability of having low academic performance level. Basing from
the study of the Department of Veterans’ Affairs of Australia it states that dietary
practices of students are affected by various factors like food accessibility, food
characteristics, environmental influences and food preference. Food accessibility refers
to the availability and affordability food. Food characteristics include the type of dish,
appearance and aroma of the food. Environmental influence includes the dietary practices
of an individual due to individualism of sex, age, nationality and religion. Food
preference is the acceptance and appetite of an individual to certain foods.
Basing on the recent annual report of the clinic of the of St. Paul College of Ilocos
Sur it has been said that there is an ample percentage of junior high school students who
are malnourished due to individualism of dietary practices. It was recorded that there is
an ample percent of students who are obese, overweight and underweight.
In connection to this issue, the researchers have come up with this study. This
research aims to determine the dietary practices of the junior high school students of St.
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Paul College of Ilocos Sur and how does their dietary practices affect their academic
performances.
Conceptual Framework
The scheme that provides the tentative explanation of the problem is a follows:
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Socio-demographic
variables of the
respondents: Academic Performance in:
a. Sex,
a. Mathematics,
b. Age, b. Science,
c. Grade level, c. English, and
d. Filipino.
d. Nationality, and
e. Religion.
Dietary Practices
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
The diagram above shows the significant relationship among the profile of the
respondents and dietary practices to their academic performance in various subject areas.
It further shows the significant relationship between the profile of the respondents to their
dietary practices.
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Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the level of dietary practices among selected Junior
High School Students of SPCIS of the academic year 2018-2019 and its relationship to
their academic performance.
Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;
a. sex,
b. age,
c. grade level,
d. nationality, and
e. religion?
2. What is the dietary practice of the respondents in terms of;
a. Student Preference,
b. Preference in School,
c. Family Orientation, and
d. General Health?
3. What is the Academic Profile of the respondents in the subjects;
a. English,
b. Filipino,
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c. Mathematics, and
d. Science
4. Is there a significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of the
students to their dietary practices?
5. Is there a significant relationship between the dietary practices of the students
to their academic performance?
6. Is there a significant difference on the dietary practices among grade levels in
terms of:
a. Student preference,
b. Preference in school,
c. Family orientation, and
d. General Health?
Hypotheses
The researchers posit the following hypotheses:
1. There is no significant relationship between the socio-demographic profiles of
the students to their dietary practices in terms of;
a. Sex,
b. Age,
c. Nationality, and
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d. Religion?
2. There is no significant relationship between dietary practices of students to
their academic performance.
3. There is no significant difference on the dietary practices among grade levels
in terms of:
d. General Health?
Assumptions
This study considers the following assumptions:
1. The information given by the students in their socio-demographic profile and
grades are true and valid.
2. The respondents are expected to answer the research questions honestly.
Significance of the Study
The research aims to present the average dietary practice of junior high school
students of SPCIS. It is aimed to improve the students’ dietary lifestyle in order to uphold
good school performance.
Students. The results provide the students with knowledge on healthy dietary
practices. It give students a realization that their dietary practice is a factor affecting
school performance.
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Teachers. The collected data guide the teachers on what to do with the students
that have a problem with their dietary practices. The teachers would be able to understand
on why some students have a bad dietary practice.
School. The final result and data provide awareness to the school administration
regarding the issue. The school would also be able to understand the students’ status and
health situations. The administration is able to know what feasible actions they can
undertake to solve problems on dietary practices.
Canteen. The data given makes the school canteen personnel be aware of what
kind of food they must sell to the students and can minimize the foods which are
unhealthy and hazardous to health.
Scope and Delimitation
This study also aimed to determine the difference of dietary practices among all
grade levels of the junior high school students of SPCIS academic year 2018- 2019.
Respondents from all population or sample of the junior high school were needed.
This study was conducted in the campus of SPCIS which lasted for three months. The
first month was utilized for the collecting of data necessary for this study and the
following two months was used for the analysis of data and finalization of the research
paper.
This study is delimited only to the dietary practices of the junior high school
students of SPCIS of the school year 2018-2019.

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Operational Definition of Terms
Age. This refers to the number of years the students’ existence measured by
years.
Dietary Practices. This refers to the eating habits being practiced by the students
that serves as their dietary rules. Refers to the students choices in food consumption.
Personal. This refers to the eating habits of the respondents as affected by
their personal taste. This is also known as the personal preference.
Student. This refers to the eating habits of the respondents as affected by
the school environment and what kind of food the canteen serves. This is also
known as preference in school.
Family. This refers to the eating habits as affected by the filial practices of
the respondents namely personal, student, and family. This is also known as
family orientation.
General Health. This refers to the average of the three aforementioned
health factors.
Junior High School Students. This refers to the students from grades seven to
ten respectively.
Nationality. This refers to the race where the student belongs to.
Religion. This refers to the system of faith the students’ believes.

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Academic Performance. This refers to the general average of the students in
Filipino, English, Mathematics, and Science in the first and second quarter of this school
year 2018-2019.
Sex. This refers to the two major forms of individual distinguished as male and
female basing on their natal reproductive organs.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
The researchers surfed related studies and literatures from the internet, books, and
theses which served as bases in formulating this chapter.
In 2017, Burrow and Whatnall studied the association between dietary intake and
achievement in college students. They have examined and evaluated the association
through standardized method wherein the study was assessed with methodological
quality. There were seven studies that were included, the four studies were rated as
positive quality while the three resulted as neutral. Standardized grade point average or
GPA was the most common measure of academic performance. They found out that
dietary habits have a great impact towards the academic excellency of the
College/University Students.
In connection to the aforementioned study in 2016, Valladares, Durán, Matheus,
Agüero, Obregón, and Tagle conducted a study in determining the association between
Eating behavior and Academic Performance in University Students in Chile. They have a
total number of 680 (six hundred eighty) college students as their respondents,60% (sixty
percent)of them were women while 40% (forty percent) of them were men. They were
randomly selected, and the mean age of the entire sample was 26. They have provided a
Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire which includes the three dimensions of eating
behavior namely; cognitive restriction, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating. Academic
performance was measured by the grade point average or GPA of the students and it was
connected to their eating habits. The results show that female students with higher GPAs
have lower uncontrolled eating scores and higher cognitive restriction scores than women
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with lower academic performance while there was no significant relationship between the
eating habits and academic performance when it comes to men.
Meanwhile, Chege, Kmiywe, and Ndungu stated the possibility that dietary
practices of Kenyan children are influenced by their culture in 2015. Their study needed
six focus groups each having ten randomly selected mothers from two randomly selected
villages in Sajiloni location, Kajiado County. They have found out that children were
mainly consuming cereals and legumes because of nomadism which made meat products
inaccessible. They have also found out that they do not have a large consumption of
vegetables because it is believed to be just a livestock feed. Furthermore, they have stated
in their study that belief in traditional medicine hinders access to nutritional orientation.
Furthermore, Rausch examined different articles that exhibit the impacts of poor
sustenance on school-age children to determine the relationship of health and academic
performance in 2013. The examination demonstrated that having a sound, adjusted eating
routine enhances cerebrum limit, boosts subjective abilities, and enhances scholastic
execution. On the other hand, the exploration additionally demonstrated that having
excessively low nourishment and an unfortunate eating routine reductions scholastic
execution by constraining the measure of data to the cerebrum. She also stated that the
mind can both hold and review on request and the risk of not having enough nutrition
leads to poor scholarly execution. Her examination outlined the need to help kids in
keeping up a nutritious way of life, regardless of whether at home or at school, there is an
obligation of nutrition; locally, provincially or administratively, to bear the cost of every
kid an equivalent opportunity to succeed scholastically.

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While in 2011, Perez, de Castro, da Silva Franco, Bandoni, and Wolkoff,
examined the dietary practices of quota and non-quota students of public universities in
Brazil. Their study needed 1336 (one thousand three hundred thirty-six) undergraduates
of a Brazilian public university. The students were given self-administered questionnaires
which were filled out for five days to identify their diet patterns. They have found out
that quota students substitute their breakfast with salty packed foods, beans and cookies.
Quota students are more likely to skip dinner than non-quota students. And lastly it was
found out that both quota and non-quota students practice an unhealthy diet.
As an addendum to the later study in the 2010 comparative study of Kukulo,
Sarvan and Muslo stated that adjustments in dietary propensities and lifestyle of young
people can prompt some sustenance issues and the importance of healthy nutrition should
have intervention programs for them to change their current consumption behaviour.
They examined the dietary propensities for kids living in metropolitan and non-
metropolitan regions with respect to their physical qualities, financial milieu and
instructive level. A sum of 737 (seven hundred seven) understudies examining in the
sixth, seventh and eighth grades of two diverse elementary schools partook in the
examination. Information were gathered by a survey including dietary propensities for
members. Besides, the weight and tallness of understudies were estimated and their
weight list was computed. Amid the examination, while 4% (four percent) of
understudies living in the non-metropolitan region were discovered stout. The students
that were participating have a high risk of obesity. The importance of healthy nutrition
should have intervention programs for them to change their current consumption
behaviour
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In 2010, Hollar evaluated the impacts of a school-based heftiness anticipation
mediation that included dietary, educational module, and physical action parts on weight
file percentiles and scholarly execution among low-wage grade school kids. The
investigation had a semi test outline (four mediation schools and 1 control) and was
directed over a two-year time frame. Information was exhibited for the subset of the
accomplice who fit the bill for nothing or diminished value school snacks. After two
years of studying she stated that school-based mediations can enhance wellbeing and
scholastic execution among low-pay schoolchildren.
Moreover, Maclellan, Taylor, and Wood studied the relationship of food intake
and academic performance in adolescents in 2008. There were 325 (three hundred
twenty-five) purposively selected respondents from four junior high schools. The
researchers have used the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Adaptation as a data
gathering tool. The results show that students with higher intake of milk, vegetables, and
fruit are most likely to have a higher academic performance.

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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents a discussion of the research design, population of the study,
data gathering instruments and procedures, and statistical tools that were used in the
study.
Research Design
This study employed the quantitative type of research particularly descriptive-
correlational method. The student’s socio-demographic profile will be correlated to their
dietary practices and their dietary practices as to their academic performance.
Population of the Study
In this study, the researchers utilized two hundred fifty-nine (259) enrolled Junior
High School students of SPCIS for the school year 2018-2019. The distribution of the
respondents per year level is as follows: sixty-nine (69) for Grade seven (7); sixty-six
(66) for Grade eight (8); sixty-six (66) for Grade nine (9); and fifty-eight (58) for Grade
ten (10). In determining the samples, random sampling was utilized. It made use of table
of random numbers wherein each student was given a number and the number which was
randomly picked became the respondents.
Data gathering Instrument
To gather the data needed for this study, the researchers made use of
questionnaires asking the socio-demographic information of the respondents, general

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average on Filipino, English, Mathematics, and Science, and questions relevant to the
study.
Data gathering procedure
This study lasted for three months in the high school campus of SPCIS. Two
hundred fifty-nine (259) students of the Junior High School acted as the respondents for
the data gathering. The first month was utilized for the data gathering. The second and
third month was used for the tallying, analysis and interpretation of data, and finalization
of the research paper.
The following norms for interpretation were used to interpret data:
A. Dietary Practices
Scoring Descriptive Equivalent Descriptive Rating
5 Always A
4 Very often VA
3 Often O
2 Sometimes S
1 Never N
In view to the norm for interpretation of the average dietary practices of junior
high school students was based on the scoring used by Rausch (2013) and Aspa (2010) .
The scaling is as described below:
Scoring Descriptive Equivalent Descriptive Rating
4.2 and above Healthy H

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3.4 - 4.1 Moderately healthy MH

2.6 - 3.3 Neutral N
1.8 - 2.5 Moderately unhealthy MU
1.0 – 1.7 Unhealthy U
With regards to the norm for interpretation of the junior high school average
grades was based on MCES Order No. 46 s. 1993 containing the Revised System of
Grading and Reporting of Students’ Progress. This is used by Quismundo (1990:66) and
Chan (2001:20) from which the researcher based the scale described below:
Range of Scores Descriptive Scale Descriptive Rating
90 and above Outstanding A
82-89 Very Satisfactory B

75-81 Satisfactory C
74 and below Needs Improvement D
Statistical Treatment of Data
The following statistical tools were utilized in the study:
1. Slovin’s Formula will be used in determining the number of
respondents for every year level from grade seven (7) to grade ten (10).
2. Mean will be used to determine the most average response of the
respondents to the given questions.

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3. Frequency count and percentage will be used to describe the
distribution of profile of the students along with their age, sex, grade level, nationality,
and religion.
5. Simple Linear Correlation Test was employed to determine the
significant relationship between socio-demographic profile of the respondents to their
dietary practices and their dietary practices to their academic performance.
4. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the
significant difference between the dietary practices among grade levels.

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CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter presents, interprets, and analyses the data gathered to answer the
problem raised in this study to determine the dietary practices of junior high school
students in St. Paul College of Ilocos Sur.
Problem 1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in
terms of;
a. Sex,
b. Age,
c. Nationality, and
d. Religion?
Grade Seven (7)
Table 1. Summary of the Socio-demographic Profile of Grade Seven (7)
Socio-demographic Profile Frequency Percentage

Sex
Male 30 43.58%
Female 39 56.42%
Total 69 100%
Age
12 26 37.68%
13 39 56.52%
14 4 5.80%
Total 69 100%
Religion
Roman Catholic 62 89.86%
Sikhism 3 4.35%
Protestant 2 2.89%
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Iglesia ni Cristo 1 1.45%

Born Again 1 1.45%
Total 69 100%
Nationality
Filipino 65 94.20%
Indian 3 4.35%
Italian 1 1.45%
Total 69 100%
On Sex
Out of 69 respondents, thirty-nine (39) or 56.42% are female and thirty (30) or
43.58% are male. The findings show that there is a reasonable number of distribution on
sex among respondents.
On Age
The majority (39 or 56.52 %) of the respondents are ages thirteen (13). This is
followed by a number of twenty-six (26) respondents whose age are twelve (12). And a
small number of four (4) or 5.80% are ages fourteen (14). The above findings show that
the ages of the respondents are within the range for a grade seven (7) student.
On Religion
Considering that SPCIS is a catholic school, the finding shows that majority (62
or 89.86%) are Roman Catholics. Meanwhile, a great number of three (4.35%) are Sikhs
and two (2.89%) are Protestants. Furthermore, it shows that one (1.45%) of the
respondents are Iglesia ni Cristo and Born Again.

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On Nationality
Table 1 shows that majority (65 or 94. 20%) of the respondents are Filipino while
3 or 4.35% are Indians. It is also noted that 1 or 1.45% is Italian.
Grade 8
Table 2. Summary of the Socio-demographic Profile of Grade Eight (8)

Sex
Male 34 51.52%
Female 32 48.48%
Total 66 100%
Age
13 26 39.40%
14 40 60.60%
Total 66 100%
Religion
Sikhism 1 1.52%
Born Again 2 3.06%
Total 66 100%
Nationality
Filipino 66 100%
Total 66 100%
On Sex
Out of sixty-six (66) respondents, thirty-four (34) or 51.52% are male and thirty-
two (32) or 48.48% are male. The findings show that there is a fair number of distribution
on sex among respondents.

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On Age
The majority (40 or 60.60 %) of the respondents are ages 14. This is followed by
a 26 or 39.40 % whose age are 13. The findings show that the ages of the respondents are
within the range for a grade eight (8) student.
On Religion
It shows that 62 or 93.90% are Roman Catholics. Meanwhile, a small number of 2
or 3.06% are Born Again. It further notes that there is 1 or 1.52% for both Sikhism and
INC
On Nationality
Table 2 shows all of the respondents are Filipinos. The findings jibe to the socio
demographic location of the school.
Grade 9
Table 3. Summary of the Socio-demographic Profile of Grade Nine (9)

Sex
Male 34 51.52%
Female 32 48.48%
Total 66 100%
Age
14 29 43.94%
15 36 54.54%
16 1 1.52%
Total 66 100%
Religion
Sikhism 1 1.52%
Born Again 2 3.03%
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Pentecost 1 1.52%
Protestant 1 1.52%
Total 66 100%
Nationality
Filipino 66 100%
Total 66 100%
On Sex
Majority of the respondents are female while thirty-two (32) or 51.52% are male.
The findings show that there is a fair number of distribution on sex among respondents.
On Age
Majority (36 or 54.54%) of the respondents are 15 of age. This is followed by a
number of 27 or 43.94 % whose age are 14 and one respondent is of age 16. The findings
show that the ages of the respondents are within the range for a grade nine (9) student.
On Religion
It shows great majority (89.38%) of the respondents are Roman Catholics.
Meanwhile, both Born Again and INC have a percentage of 3.03%. It further notes that
there is 1.52% for Sikhism, Pentecost, and Protestant
On Nationality
Table 3 shows that all of the respondents are Filipino. This finding is directly
related to the sociological location of the school.

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Grade 10
Table 4. Summary of the Socio-demographic Profile of Grade (Ten) 10

Sex
Male 23 39.66%
Female 35 60.34%
Total 58 100%
Age
15 15 25.86%
16 41 70.69%
17 2 3.45%
Total 58 100%
Religion
Born Again 2 3.45%
Adventist 1 1.72%
Baptist 1 1.72%
Total 66 100%
Nationality
Filipino 58 100%
Total 58 100%
On Sex
There are thirty-five (35) or 60.34% of the sample population who are women
while 23 or 39.66% are male. It shows that females outnumbered the males by twelve
(12) respondents.
On Age
Majority (41 or 70.69%) of the respondents are 16 of age. This is followed by a
number of 15 respondents or 25.86 % whose age are 15 and two respondents are of age
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seventeen (17). The findings show that the ages of the respondents are within the range
for a grade ten (10) student.
On Religion
It shows that most of the respondents are Roman Catholics. Meanwhile, Born
Again has a small percentage of 3.45%. It further notes that INC, Baptist, and Adventist
have a percentage of 1.72%.
On Nationality
Table 4 shows that all of the respondents are Filipino. This finding is directly
related to the sociological location of the school.
Problem 2. What is the dietary profile of the respondents in terms of;
d. General Health?
Grade 7
Table 5. Mean Distribution of the Dietary Practices of the Grade Seven (7)
Respondents
I.Student Preference on Dietary Practices x DR
1. I do not over eat knowing that I am full. 3.5 MH
2. I do not skip meals. 3.3 N
3. I watch the food I eat. 3.0 N
4. I do not eat junk foods like chips, candies, and chocolates. 2.5 MU
5. I do not eat or drink at night times because of sleeplessness. 2.7 N
6. I eat protein rich food like meat, fish, eggs, and nuts? 4.1 MH
7. I am mindful of your sensation of hunger. 3.4 MH
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8. I eat green leafy vegetables. 3.7 MH

9. I eat Vitamin C rich foods like oranges, guava, and etc. 3.5 MH
10. I eat healthy iodine rich foods like fish, seashells, seaweeds, and 3.7 MH
etc.
11. I eat fresh poultry. 3.5 MH
12. I avoid eating sweets and MSG containing foods. 2.6 N
13. I do not eat late in the evening or at night. 2.8 N
14. I eat during meal times and not delay them. 3.4 MH
15. I am aware of the food I eat. 3.7 MH
16. I regulate the dairy products I eat. 3.3 N
17. I refrain from drinking carbonated drinks. 2.7 N
18. I do not drink alcoholic beverages. 3.2 N
19. I lessen my intake on fried foods. 3.1 N
20. I control my diet on rice. 3.4 MH
Average 3.7 MH
II.Student’s Food Preference in School
1. I do not avail of the street foods outside the school after dismissals. 2.9 N
2. I do not overfeed myself when I get stressed on school works. 2.8 N
3. I eat healthy snacks. 3.4 MH
4. I eat native delicacies served in the canteen rather than junk foods. 3.0 N
5. I observe eating vegetable during lunch breaks. 2.8 N
6. I do not put condiments like soy sauce and ketchup on my food 3.1 N
bought in the canteen.
7. I consume more water rather than soft drinks. 3.9 MH
8. I do not skip my lunches in the thought of saving money. 3.2 N
9. I eat first before reviewing/studying to avoid skipping it. 3.9 MH
10. I eat junk foods during lunch. 2.7 N
11. I eat brain foods like dark chocolates and peanut while studying or 3.4 MH
working in regulation.
12. I buy whenever fruits are served in the canteen. 2.6 N
13. I do not set aside vegetables mixed with a certain menu. 2.9 N
14. I bring my own healthy foods for lunch. 3.0 N
15. I eat fast food meals during lunch or break times. 2.6 N
16. I do not eat chichirya while reviewing and/or inside the classroom. 2.7 N
17. I do not over consume sweets such as candies and sour belts. 3.0 N
18. I prefer juice rather than carbonated drinks 3.5 MH
Average 3.2 N
III.Family Orientation on Dietary Practices
1. I can buy the necessary food which is important to my health 3.5 MH
because our family income is sufficient enough to support our
needs.
2. My family does not skip meals. 3.7 MH
3. I eat more when I’m with my family. 3.7 MH
4. I do not eat ready-made fast-food with my family. 2.9 N
5. Our family avoids buying canned goods. 2.6 N
6. Our family does not consume waxed foods. 2.7 N
7. Our family refrains from eating instant noodles. 3.0 N
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8. Our family refrains from eating in fast food chains. 2.8 N

9. Our family does not keep junk foods in our house. 3.0 N
10. Our family does not keep unnecessary sweet products at home. 3.0 N
11. Our family eats vegetables. 4.3 H
12. Our family eats fresh seafood. 4.0 MH
13. Our family eats fresh meat. 4.1 MH
14. Our family eats home-cooked foods. 4.4 H
15. Our family eats microwaved foods. 2.7 N
16. Our family does not use MSG in our homemade foods. 2.8 N
17. Our family is aware of its oil consumption. 3.6 MH
18. My parents are aware if I’m hungry. 3.4 MH
19. My parents make sure that I eat in a regular basis. 3.9 MH
20. Our family eats fruits. 4.4 H
Average 3.4 MH
General Average 3.4 MH
On Student Preference
Table 5 shows that the grade seven (7) students have a moderately healthy dietary
practice basing on their personal preference. It further notes that students of ages twelve
(12), thirteen (13), and fourteen (14) are most likely to eat junkfoods and sweets which
leads to a moderately unhealthy dietary practice.
On Preference in School
Grade seven (7) students have a neutral dietary practice in terms of this aspect but
it shows that this grade level prefers juice more than carbonated drinks. This is associated
to the study of Singha, 2018 where it states that 67% of the respondents whose ages are
from 12 (twelve) to fifteen (15) drinks juice more rather than carbonated drinks.
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On Family Orientation
It shows that this age group practice a moderately healthy dietary practice at
home. It also tells that their families prefer home-cooked foods more rather than pre-
made dishes. Whereas, eating fruits and vegetables is observed.
On General Health
Having sixty-nine (69) respondents from this grade level, it shows that it has a
general health average of 3.4 meaning this level observes a moderately healthy dietary
practice.
Grade 8
Table 6. Mean Distribution of the Dietary Practices of the Grade Eight (8)
Respondents
I.Student Preference on Dietary Practices x̅ DR
1. I do not over eat knowing that I am full. 3.2 N
6. I eat protein rich food like meat, fish, eggs, and nuts? 4 MH
8. I eat green leafy vegetables. 5 H
etc.
11. I eat fresh poultry. 3.3 N
15. I am aware of the food I eat. 4 MH
16. I regulate the dairy products I eat. 3.4 MH
17. I refrain from drinking carbonated drinks. 3 N
18. I do not drink alcoholic beverages. 3.4 MH
20. I control my diet on rice. 2.8 N
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Average 3.1 N
II.Student’s Food Preference in School x̅ DR
1. I do not avail of the street foods outside the school after 3.3 N
dismissals.
2. I do not overfeed myself when I get stressed on school works. 3.4 MH
4. I eat native delicacies served in the canteen rather than junk 3.1 N
foods.
5. I observe eating vegetable during lunch breaks. 4.6 H
7. I consume more water rather than soft drinks. 4 MH
11. I eat brain foods like dark chocolates and peanut while studying 3.1 N
or working in regulation.
12. I buy whenever fruits are served in the canteen. 2.3 MU
13. I do not set aside vegetables mixed with a certain menu. 3 N
14. I bring my own healthy foods for lunch. 2.9 N
15. I eat fast food meals during lunch or break times. 2.5 MU
16. I do not eat chichirya while reviewing and/or inside the 2.1 MU
classroom.
17. I do not over consume sweets such as candies and sour belts. 2.1 MU
18. I prefer juice rather than carbonated drinks 2.4 MU
Average 2.8 N
III.Family Orientation on Dietary Practices x̅ DR
needs.
2. My family does not skip meals. 4.4 H
3. I eat more when I’m with my family. 4 MH
5. Our family avoids buying canned goods. 3 N
8. Our family refrains from eating in fast food chains. 3 N
9. Our family does not keep junk foods in our house. 3 N
12. Our family eats fresh seafood. 4.3 H
13. Our family eats fresh meat. 4.3 H
18. My parents are aware if I’m hungry. 4.7 H
19. My parents make sure that I eat in a regular basis. 4 MH
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Average 3.2 N
General Average 3.9 N
Table 6 shows that the grade eight (8) students generally observes a neutral
dietary practice basing on their personal preference. It further notes that students from
this level also consume junkfoods and sweets often. On the contrary, it shows that these
students eat green leafy vegetables always.
Grade eight (8) students have a neutral dietary practice in terms of this aspect. In
connection to the first factor, the table shows that grade eight (8) students eat vegetables
during lunch breaks.
It shows that this age group practice a neutral dietary practice at home. The table
further shows that families of these grade level eat fresh poultry and fish, and prefers
home-cooked foods better than foods pre-made. Whereas, eating fruits and vegetables is
also observed.
On General Health
With a number of sixty-six (66) respondents, the table shows that the general
health average of this grade level is three and nine tenths (3.9) with a descriptive
equivalence of neutral dietary practice.

29
Grade 9
Table 7. Mean Distribution of the Dietary Practices of the Grade Nine (9)
Respondents
4. I do not eat junk foods like chips, candies, and chocolates. 2.7 N
5. I do not eat or drink at night times because of sleeplessness. 2.3 MU
8. I eat green leafy vegetables. 3.4 MH
etc.
11. I eat fresh poultry. 3.7 MH
14. I eat during meal times and not delay them. 3.3 N
15. I am aware of the food I eat. 4.2 H
16. I regulate the dairy products I eat. 3.5 MH
Average 3.2 N
dismissals.
2. I do not overfeed myself when I get stressed on school works. 3.1 N
4. I eat native delicacies served in the canteen rather than junk 3.3 N
foods.
5. I observe eating vegetable during lunch breaks. 2.9 N
7. I consume more water rather than soft drinks. 4.2 H
11. I eat brain foods like dark chocolates and peanut while studying 3.1 N
12. I buy whenever fruits are served in the canteen. 2.6 N
14. I bring my own healthy foods for lunch. 2.4 MU
30
15. I eat fast food meals during lunch or break times. 2.5 MU
16. I do not eat chichirya while reviewing and/or inside the 2.7 N
classroom.
17. I do not over consume sweets such as candies and sour belts. 2.8 N
18. I prefer juice rather than carbonated drinks 3.6 MH
Average 2.9 N
needs.
2. My family does not skip meals. 4.1 MH
5. Our family avoids buying canned goods. 2.8 N
9. Our family does not keep junk foods in our house. 2.8 N
12. Our family eats fresh seafood. 4.3 H
19. My parents make sure that I eat in a regular basis. 4.1 MH
Average 3.1 N
General Average 2.9 N
Table 7 shows that the grade nine (9) students have a neutral dietary practice
basing on their personal preference. It further notes that students of ages fourteen (14),
fifteen (15), and sixteen (16) eat during late nights due to sleeplessness. And in this
grade level the consumption of rice is moderately uncontrolled and not regulated. This is
31
phenomenon happens because this age group are very active physically and body
development of the body is very rapid (Johnson, 2018).
Grade nine (9) students have a neutral dietary practice in terms of this aspect but
it shows that this grade level consumes more water than soft drinks. On the contrary, it
notes that students in this level often eat fast food meals during lunch breaks.
It shows that this age group practice a neutral dietary practice at home. It also tells
that these families always eat fresh poultry and seafoods, and always eat vegetables and
fruits .
On General Health
Having sixty-six (66) respondents from this grade level, it shows that it has a
general health average of 3.1 meaning this level observes a neutral dietary practice.
Grade 10
Table 8. Mean Distribution of the Dietary Practices of the Grade Ten (10)
Respondents
8. I eat green leafy vegetables. 3.2 N
10. I eat healthy iodine rich foods like fish, seashells, seaweeds, and 3.3 N
etc.
32
11. I eat fresh poultry. 3.3 N

15. I am aware of the food I eat. 3.6 MH
16. I regulate the dairy products I eat. 2.8 N
Average 3.3 N
dismissals.
2. I do not overfeed myself when I get stressed on school works. 3.4 MH
4. I eat native delicacies served in the canteen rather than junk 3.7 MH
foods.
5. I observe eating vegetable during lunch breaks. 3.4 MH
7. I consume more water rather than soft drinks. 4.7 H
8. I do not skip my lunches in the thought of saving money. 3.8 MH
9. I eat first before reviewing/studying to avoid skipping it. 4.2 H
11. I eat brain foods like dark chocolates and peanut while studying 3.8 MH
12. I buy whenever fruits are served in the canteen. 2.4 MU
14. I bring my own healthy foods for lunch. 4.7 H
15. I eat fast food meals during lunch or break times. 3.1 N
16. I do not eat chichirya while reviewing and/or inside the 3.2 N
classroom.
17. I do not over consume sweets such as candies and sour belts. 2.5 MU
18. I prefer juice rather than carbonated drinks 4.3 H
Average 3.5 MH
needs.
2. My family does not skip meals. 4.3 H
5. Our family avoids buying canned goods.
2.8 N
33

9. Our family does not keep junk foods in our house. 2.5 MU
11. Our family eats vegetables. 3.9 MH
12. Our family eats fresh seafood. 3.9 MH
19. My parents make sure that I eat in a regular basis. 4.4 H
Average 3.4 MH
General Average 3.4 MH
Table 8 shows that the grade ten (10) students have a moderately healthy dietary
practice basing on their personal preference. It further notes that students of ages
fifteen(15), sixteen (16), and seventeen (17) are aware of the food they eat and eat on
time. Like all other levels, the table shows that grade ten students also eat junkfoods and
sweets often.
Grade ten (10) students have a moderately healthy dietary practice in terms of this
aspect and it shows that this grade level consumes more water than soft drinks.it further
shows that students from this level bring their own healthy lunch meals.
It shows that this age group practice a moderately healthy dietary practice at
home. It also tells that these families do not skip meals and always eat fresh poultry and
home-cooked dishes.
34
On General Health
Having fifty-eight (58) respondents from this grade level, it shows they observe a
moderately healthy dietary practice with a mean three and four tenths.
Problem 3. What is the Academic Profile of the respondents in the subjects;
a. English,
b. Filipino,
c. Mathematics, and
d. Science
Grade 7
Table 9. Summary of the Academic Profile of Grade Seven (7) Respondents
Subject Frequency Percentage

English
A 7 10.14%
B 49 71.02%
C 12 17.39%
D 1 1.45%
Total 69 100%
Filipino
A 13 18.84%
B 43 62.32%
C 13 18.84%
D 0 0%
Total 69 100%
Mathematics
A 11 16.94%
B 39 56.52%
C 16 22.19%
D 3 4.35%
Total 69 100%
Science
35
A 12 17.39%
B 39 56.52%
C 17 24.64%
D 1 1.45%
Total 69 100%
On English
Table 9 shows that great majority of the respondents have grades ranging from
eighty-two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%) in this subject and it notes that there is one
respondent whose grade need improvement.
On Filipino
Majority of the respondents has a descriptive rating of B meaning their grades in
this subject linger within eighty-two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%) . While a great
number of twenty-six (26) respondents have grades ranging from seventy-five to eighty-
one percent (75%-81%).
On Mathematics
The table shows that thirty-four (34) of the respondents have a grade ranging
from eighty-two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%) while there are three (3) respondents
whose grade ranges from seventy-five percent (75%) and below.
On Science
Table 9 notes that majority of the respondents’ grades are within eighty-two to
eighty-nine percent (82%-89%). And a number of twelve (12) respondents have a grade
equal to ninety percent (90%) and above.

36
Table 10. Summary of the Academic Profile of Grade Eight (8) Respondents

English
A 11 16.66%
B 39 59.10%
C 14 21.21%
D 2 3.03%
Total 66 100%
Filipino
A 20 30.30%
B 36 54.55%
C 10 15.15%
D 0 0%
Total 66 100%
Mathematics
A 13 19.70%
B 30 45.45%
C 21 31.82%
D 2 3.03%
Total 66 100%
Science
A 21 31.81%
B 34 51.52%
C 10 15.15%
D 1 1.52%
Total 66 100%
On English
The table above shows that majority of the respondents have a grade with a
descriptive rating of B (82%-89%). Meanwhile, there are two respondents whose grades
need improvement.
On Filipino
It shows to be that thirty-six (36) of the respondents have a grade ranging from
eighty-two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%). Followed by a number of twenty (20)
respondents whose grades range ninety percent t (90%) and above.

37
On Mathematics
Table 10 shows that thirty of the respondents have a grade ranging from eighty-
two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%). It further notes that there is only a few number of
respondents whose grade ranges from ninety percent (90%) and above and there two
respondents whose grades need improvement.
On Science
Majority of the respondents have a grade ranging from eighty-two to eighty-nine
percent (82%-89%) in this subject area. Meanwhile, there are twenty-one (21)
respondents whose grade ranges from ninety percent (90%) and above and it further notes
that there is one respondent whose grade needs improvement.
Table 11. Summary of the Academic Profile of Grade Nine (9) Respondents

English
A 19 28.78%
B 34 51.52%
C 13 19.70%
D 0 0%
Total 66 100%
Filipino
A 18 27.27%
B 31 46.97%
C 17 25.76%
D 0 0%
Total 66 100%
Mathematics
A 12 18.18%
B 33 50%
C 21 31.82%
D 0 0%
Total 66 100%
38
Science
A 22 33.33%
B 24 36.36%
C 19 28.79%
D 1 1.52%
Total 66 100%
On English
Table 11 shows that majority of the respondents have a grade whose descriptive
rating is B (82%-89%). Meanwhile there is a great number of ninety (19) respondents
whose grade in this subject area from ninety percent (90%) and above.
On Filipino
A great number of thirty-one (31) respondents have a grade ranging from eighty-
nine percent (82%-89%) in this subject. The table further notes that there are eighteen
(18) respondents whose grade ranges ninety percent (90%) and above.
On Mathematics
It shows that half of the respondents have a grade whose descriptive rating is B
(82%-89%). While there are only twelve (12) respondents having a grade ranging ninety
percent (90%) and above.
On Science
A great number of respondents have a grade ranging from eighty-two to eighty-
nine percent (82%-89%) in this subject area. And it further notes that there is one
respondent whose grade needs improvement.

39
Table 12. Summary of the Academic Profile of Grade Ten (10) Respondents

English
A 11 19%
B 38 65.5%
C 9 15.5%
D 0 0%
Total 58 100%
Filipino
A 20 34.5%
B 33 56.9%
C 5 8.6%
D 0 0%
Total 58 100%
Mathematics
A 11 19%
B 37 63.8%
C 10 17.2%
D 0 0%
Total 58 100%
Science
A 10 17.2%
B 39 67.3%
C 9 15.5%
D 0 0%
Total 58 100%
On English
Table 12 shows that majority of he respondents have a grade ranging from eighty-
two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%). While a small number of eleven (11) respondents
have a grade which ranges ninety percent (90) and above.
On Filipino
It notes that majority of the respondents have a grade ranging from eighty-two to
eighty-nine percent (82%-89%). While it further states that there is a number of five (5)
respondents whose grade ranges from seventy-five to eighty-one percent (75%-81%).

40
On Mathematics
The table shows that majority of the respondents have a grade with a descriptive
rating of B (82%-89%). While there is no respondent who grades seventy-four percent
(74%) and below in this subject.
On Science
Majority of the respondents grade from a range of from eighty-two to eighty-nine
percent (82%-89%) in this subject area. While it further states that there is a number of
nine (9) respondents whose grade ranges from seventy-five to eighty-one percent (75%-
81%).
Problem 4. Is there a significant relationship between the socio-demographic
profile of the students to their dietary practices?
Grade 7
Table 13. Summary of Correlation of Significant Relationship in the Socio-

demographic Profile of Grade Seven (7) Students to their Dietary Practices.
Profile Student Preference in Family General

Preference School Orientation Health
Sex -0.019 -0.112 0.166 0.007
age 0.209 0.000 0.021 0.093
Religion 0.206 0.248* 0.107 0.235
Nationality -0.061 0.198 0.023 0.072
Legend: * significant at 0.05
Table 13 manifests that there is a significant relationship between the
respondents’ preference in school to their religion. According to the study of Patience in
2011 it shows that Christian (59.3%), Muslim (4.8%), Hindu (1.5%), Sikh (0.8%) and
41
Jewish (0.5%) are the most common religion present in a school. The study tells that
Muslims, Hindu, and Sikhs often eat less in school since the food served in the cafeterias
are restricted for them to eat. While in 2013, Dindyal concluded in her study that religion
plays one of the most influential roles in the choices and subsequent selection of foods
consumed in certain societies. It is states in her study that different religions believe in
different food taboos and she recommends that public canteens and food chains must
provide meals or food fitting for every religion.
No other significant relationships between the variables can be analyzed.
Grade 8

demographic Profile of Grade Eight (8) Students to their Dietary Practices.
Sex -0.055 -0.009 -0.199 -.099
age -0.177 0.016 0.636 0.163
Religion 0.054 0.155 0.207 0.163
Table 14 Shows that there is no significant relationship between the socio-
demographic profile of the grade eight (8) respondents to their dietary practices.
Therefore no further analysis can be explained in this portion.
Grade 9

demographic Profile of Grade Nine (9) Students to their Dietary Practices.
Sex -.017 -.017 -.017 -.017
age -.067 -.057 .180 .077
42
Religion .073 .039 -.017 .037

Nationality .063 -.085 .167 .062
Table 15 shows that there is no significant relationship between the socio-
demographic profile of the grade nine (9) students to their dietary practices in any ways.
Therefore, no any other analysis can be correlated.
Grade 10

demographic Profile of Grade Ten (10) Students to their Dietary Practices.
Sex -.160 .043 -.107 -.097
age -.225 -.360** -.039 -.255
Religion -.044 -.298* .006 -.134
Legend: * significant at 0.05 ** significant at 0.01
Table 16 evidently shows that there is a significant relationship between the
respondents’ socio-demographic profile in terms of age and religion, to their dietary
practices in terms of preference in school. This supports the finding of Shultz in his study
in 2011 on the impacts of aging to dietary practices where it states that as people grow
year by year their food choice changes since it is found that people of ages ten (10) to
eighteen (18) consumes lighter kinds of foods unlike people ages twenty (20) and above
consumes heavier foods this is due to physiological changes of the body. While in the
study of Loob on age influencing diet choice among college students in 2010 shows that
respondents aging eighteen (18) differs significantly to the food preference to the
respondents aging (20).

43
On the other hand, the results on table 16 also backs up the findings of Giorda on
her study on school canteens in Italy serving to students with varied religions in 2014
where it shows that the students’ religion significantly congruent to their food choice.
The study states that fifty-six percent (56%) of the respondents are Roman Catholic are
considered to be meat consumers, thirty-two percent (32%) are Buddhists who are
referred to as vegans and the remaining percentage are Muslims who are referred as
vegans as well.
No other significant relationships between the variables can be analyzed basing
on the results in table 16.
Problem 5. Is there a significant relationship between the dietary practices of

the students to their academic performance?
Grade 7
Table 17. Summary of Correlation of Significant Relationship in the Dietary

Practices of Grade Seven (7) Students to their Academic Performance.
English -0.185 -0.046 -0.287* -0.206
Filipino -0.079 -0.114 -0.142 -0.138
Math -0.159 -0.068 -0.248* -0.191
Science -0.199 -0.023 -0.121 -0.138
Table seventeen (17) shows that there is a significant relationship in the dietary
practices of the grade seven students in terms of family orientation to their academic
performance in the subjects English and Mathematics. The result from this table is almost
the same to the findings of Rausch on his study on the dietary practices of students to
their academic performance which uses the same subjects excluding Filipino it states
44
there that the dietary practices of the students as affected by parental guiding affects their
grades in the subjects; English, Science and Mathematics. In his study he found out that
eighty-eight percent (88%) of the respondents eats vegetables at home which boosts their
performance in school.
No other significant relationships between the variables can be analyzed
basing on the results in table 17.
Grade 8

Practices of Grade Eight (8) Students to their Academic Performance.
English -.108 -.106 .081 -.057
Filipino -.027 -.095 .050 -.029
Math -.171 -.129 .037 -.108
Science -.087 -.105 .082 -.049
Table 18 shows that there is no significant relationship between the dietary
practices of the grade eight (8) students in any aspect to their academic performance in all
the subjects. Therefore, no any other analysis can be correlated and explained.
Grade 9

Practices of Grade Nine (9) Students to their Academic Performance.
English -.072 .101 -.173 -.061
Filipino .027 .151 -.175 -.004
Math .012 .177 -.107 .031
Science -.173 .014 -.203 -.149
45
Table 19 shows that there is no significant relationship between the dietary
practices of the grade nine (9) students in all four aspects namely; student preference,
preference in school, family orientation, and general health to their academic
performance in the subjects; English, Filipino, Mathematics, and Science. Therefore, no
any other analysis can be correlated and explained.
Grade 10

Practices of Grade Ten (10) Students to their Academic Performance.
English -.152 -.143 .130 -.068
Filipino -.271* -.162 .060 -.157
Math .021 -.058 -.014 -.019
Science -.173 -.091 .035 -.096
Table twenty (20) shows that there is a significant relationship in the dietary
practices of the grade ten (10) students in terms of personal preference to their academic
performance in the subject Filipino. Basing on the study of Stuber on dietary practices to
school performance in 2014 it shows that the diet of the students in University of
Minnesota greatly affects their performance of language subjects specifically in writing
and comprehending texts. It shows that students having a good dietary practice have
grades on language ranging from ninety-six percent (96%) and above.
No other significant relationships between the variables can be analyzed basing
on the results in table 20.

46
Problem 6. Is there a significant difference on the dietary practices among
grade levels in terms of:
d. General Health ?
Table 21. Summary of ANOVA of Significant Differences on the Dietary Practices

Among All Grade Levels.
Variable F-ratio F-value F-probability
Student Preference 4.369 0.005 Reject Ho
Preference in 6.814 0.000 Reject Ho
School
Family Orientation 2.574 0.054 Do not Reject Ho
General Health 5.364 0.001 Reject Ho
Table 21 shows the significant difference on the dietary practices in terms of all
aspects among all grade levels of the junior high school department. The ANOVA
summary states that there is a significant difference between the student preference (F-
ratio= 4.369) among grade levels. Furthermore, there is a significant difference between
the preference in school (F-ratio= 6.814) among grade levels in the said department. At it
generally states that there is a significant difference between the general health (F-ratio=
5.364) of the students among all levels.
On the other note, there is a significant difference between the family orientation
(F-ratio= 4.369) of students among grade levels.

47
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the findings of the study, the conclusions
drawn including the recommendations.
Summary
This study puposed to determine the level of dietary practices among selected
Junior High School Students of SPCIS of the academic year 2018-2019 and its
relationship to their academic performance.
Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;
a. sex,
b. age,
c. grade level,
d. nationality, and
e. religion?
2. What is the dietary practice of the respondents in terms of;

48
d. General Health?
3. What is the Academic Profile of the respondents in the subjects;
a. English,
b. Filipino,
c. Mathematics, and
d. Science
4. Is there a significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of the
students to their dietary practices?
5. Is there a significant relationship between the dietary practices of the students
to their academic performance?
6. Is there a significant difference on the dietary practices among grade levels in
terms of:
d. General Health?
49
Findings
1. Profile of the respondents
Grade 7
It was shown that majority (39 or 56.42%) of the respondents were female
and out of sixty-nine (69) respondents, thirty-nine (39) of them were of age
thirteen (13). Almost all of the respondents were Filipino and were Roman
Catholics.
Grade 8
It was manifested in chapter four (4) that majority (34 or 51.52%) of the
respondents were male and out of sixty-six (66) respondents, fourty (40) of them
were of age thirteen (13). And all of the respondents were Filipino and almost all
were Roman Catholics.
Grade 9
Based on the results, it was stated that majority (32 or 51.52%) of the
respondents were male and out of sixty-six (66) respondents, half of them were of
age fifteen (15). And all of the respondents were Filipino and almost all were
Roman Catholics.
Grade 10
It was found out that majority (35 or 60.34%) of the respondents were
female and out of sixty-six (66) respondents, great majority (41 or 70.69%) are of
age sixteen (16). And all of the respondents were Filipino and almost all were
Roman Catholics.
2. Dietary Practices of the respondents

50
Grade 7
Having sixty-nine (69) respondents from this grade level, it was shown
that it has a general health average of three and four tenths (3.4) meaning this
level observes a moderately healthy dietary practice.
Grade 8
With a number of sixty-six (66) respondents, the table showed that the
general health average of this grade level was three and nine tenths (3.9) with a
descriptive equivalence of neutral dietary practice.
Grade 9
Having sixty-six (66) respondents from this grade level, it showed that it
has a general health average of three and one tenths (3.1) meaning this level
observes a neutral dietary practice.
Grade 10
Having fifty-eight (58) respondents from this grade level, it was shown
that they observe a moderately healthy dietary practice with a mean three and four
tenths.
3. Academic Performance of the respondents
Grade 7
On English
Table 9 showed that great majority of the respondents have grades ranging
from eighty-two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%) in this subject and it was
noted that there is one respondent whose grade need improvement.

51
On Filipino
Majority of the respondents have a descriptive rating of B meaning their
grades in this subject linger within eighty-two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%) .
While a great number of twenty-six (26) respondents have grades ranging from
seventy-five to eighty-one percent (75%-81%).
On Mathematics
It was shown that thirty-four (34) of the respondents have a grade ranging
from eighty-two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%) while there were three (3)
respondents whose grade ranges from seventy-five percent (75%) and below.
On Science
Table 9 noted that majority of the respondents’ grades are within eighty-
two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%). And a number of twelve (12) respondents
have a grade equal to ninety percent (90%) and above.
Grade 8
On English
It was shown that majority of the respondents have a grade with a
descriptive rating of B (82%-89%). Meanwhile, there were two respondents
whose grades need improvement.
On Filipino
It showed to be that thirty-six (36) of the respondents have a grade ranging
from eighty-two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%). Followed by a number of
twenty (20) respondents whose grades range ninety percent (90%) and above.
52
On Mathematics
Table 10 showed that thirty of the respondents have a grade ranging from
eighty-two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%). It further noted that there is only a
few number of respondents whose grade ranges from ninety percent (90%) and
above and there two respondents whose grades need improvement.
On Science
Majority of the respondents have a grade ranging from eighty-two to
eighty-nine percent (82%-89%) in this subject area. Meanwhile, there are twenty-
one (21) respondents whose grade ranges from ninety percent (90%) and above
and it further noted that there is one respondent whose grade needs improvement.
Grade 9
On English
Table 11 showed that majority of the respondents have a grade whose
descriptive rating is B (82%-89%). Meanwhile there was a great number of ninety
(19) respondents whose grade in this subject area from ninety percent (90%) and
above.
On Filipino
A great number of thirty-one (31) respondents have a grade ranging from
eighty-nine percent (82%-89%) in this subject. It further noted that there are
eighteen (18) respondents whose grade ranges ninety percent (90%) and above.
53
On Mathematics
It showed that half of the respondents have a grade whose descriptive
rating is B (82%-89%). While there were only twelve (12) respondents having a
grade ranging ninety percent (90%) and above.
On Science
A great number of respondents have a grade ranging from eighty-two to
eighty-nine percent (82%-89%) in this subject area. And it further noted that there
was one respondent whose grade needs improvement.
Grade 10
On English
Table 12 showed that majority of the respondents have a grade ranging
from eighty-two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%). While a small number of
eleven (11) respondents have a grade which ranges ninety percent (90) and above.
On Filipino
It noted that majority of the respondents have a grade ranging from eighty-
two to eighty-nine percent (82%-89%). While it further stated that there is a
number of five (5) respondents whose grade ranges from seventy-five to eighty-
one percent (75%-81%).

54
On Mathematics
The table showed that majority of the respondents have a grade with a
descriptive rating of B (82%-89%). While there was no respondent who grades
seventy-four percent (74%) and below in this subject.
On Science
Majority of the respondents grade from a range of from eighty-two to
eighty-nine percent (82%-89%) in this subject area. While it further stated that
there was a number of nine (9) respondents whose grade ranges from seventy-five
to eighty-one percent (75%-81%).
4. Relationship of Socio-demographic profile to dietary practices
Grade 7
Table 13 manifested that there is a significant relationship between the
respondents’ preference in school to their religion. No other significant
relationships between the variables can be analyzed.
Grade 8
Table 14 showed that there is no significant relationship between the
socio-demographic profile of the grade eight (8) respondents to their dietary
practices. Therefore no further analysis can be explained in this grade level

55
Grade 9
socio-demographic profile of the grade nine (9) students to their dietary practices
in any ways. Therefore, no any other analysis can be correlated.
Grade 10
Table 16 evidently showed that there is a significant relationship between
the respondents’ socio-demographic profile in terms of age and religion, to their
dietary practices in terms of preference in school. No other significant
relationships between the variables can be analyzed basing on the results in table
16.
5. Relationship of dietary practices to academic performance
Grade 7
Table seventeen (17) showed that there is a significant relationship in the
dietary practices of the grade seven students in terms of family orientation to their
academic performance in the subjects English and Mathematics. No other
significant relationships between the variables can be analyzed basing on the
results in table 17.
Grade 8
dietary practices of the grade eight (8) students in any aspect to their academic
performance in all the subjects. Therefore, no any other analysis can be
correlated and explained.

56
Grade 9
dietary practices of the grade nine (9) students in all four aspects namely; student
preference, preference in school, family orientation, and general health to their
academic performance in the subjects; English, Filipino, Mathematics, and
Science. Therefore, no any other analysis can be correlated and explained.
Grade 10
Table twenty (20) showed that there is a significant relationship in the
dietary practices of the grade ten (10) students in terms of personal preference to
their academic performance in the subject Filipino No other significant
relationships between the variables can be analyzed basing on the results in table
20.
6. Significant difference of dietary practices among grade levels.
Table 21 showed the significant difference on the dietary practices in
terms of all aspects among all grade levels of the junior high school department.
The ANOVA summary stated that there was a significant difference between the
student preference (F-ratio= 4.369) among grade levels. Furthermore, there was a
significant difference between the preference in school (F-ratio= 6.814) among
grade levels in the said department. At it generally stated that there is a significant
difference between the general health (F-ratio= 5.364) of the students among all
levels.
57
On the other note, there was a significant difference between the family
orientation (F-ratio= 4.369) of students among grade levels.
Conclusions
Based from the forgoing findings of this study, the following conclusions were
drawn:
1. The great majority of the respondents in all grade levels were Filipino and are
Roman Catholic. There were more female (148) respondents than male (121)
respondents. And the age of the respondents were very much likely congruent to the age
requirement for all grade levels.
2. Generally, students in St. Paul College of Ilocos Sur have a descriptive rating of B
(82% to 89%) in all of the following subjects; English, Filipino, Mathematics, and
Science.
3. The grade seven (7) and ten (10) students have a moderately healthy dietary
practice while the grade eight (8) and nine (9) students have neutral dietary practice.
4. There is a significant relationship on the preference in school of the grade seven
(7) students to their religion. Meanwhile, there is also a significant relationship on the
preference in school of the grade ten (10) students to their age and religion. While for
grades eight (8) and nine (9) respondents, there is no significant relationship of their
socio-demographic profile to their dietary practices.
5. There is a significant relationship on the family orientation of the grade seven (7)
students to academic performance on the subjects English and Mathematics. While there
is also is a significant relationship on their personal preference of the grade ten (10)
students to academic performance on the subject Filipino. Meanwhile, there is no

58
significant relationship on the dietary practices of the grade eight (8) and nine (9)
students to academic performance in all subjects.
6. There is a significant difference on the dietary practices of all grade levels in
terms of; student preference, preference in school, and general health. While there is no
significant difference on the dietary practices of all grade levels in terms of family
orientation.
Recommendations
On the basis of the conclusion, the following recommendations were advanced:
1. The school canteen must provide meals and snacks fit for all religions to cater the
needs of the non-catholic students.
2. Inasmuch as the general grade of the students has a descriptive rating of B (82%
to 89%) the school must boost up their curriculum or provide platforms which will
improve the academic performance of the students.
3. The school must provide activities and events which are beneficial to the health of
the students and the employees.
4. For future researches, if possible, the advisers must provide the grades of the
respondents for the validity of data.

59
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Giornad, G. (2014, January ). Home | Independent Nurse. Religion and dietary choices.
Retrieved March 09 , 2019, from http://www.independentnurse.co.uk/clinical-
article/religion-and-dietary-
choices/145719/?fbclid=IwAR3zvzomSEGq9wRdtPOjXULcactggX0RlFoSIrUEs
01IosxMecFv7neYG6oor
Vallidez, D. (2013, March ). UK.org. Health. Retrieved March 9, 2019, from

http://Giornad, G. (2014, January ). Home | Independent Nurse. Religion and
dietary choices. Retrieved March 09 , 2019, from
www.independentnurse.co.uk/clinical-article/religion-and-dietary-
choices/145719/?fbclid=IwAR3zvzomSEGq9wRdtPOjXULcactggX0RlFoSIrUEs
01IosxMecFv7neYG6oor
Whatnall, F. (2013, July ). Healthy Eating | SF Gate. Do Teenagers Need More Carbs? |
Healthy Eating | SF Gate. Retrieved March 5, 2019, from
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7230.html?fbclid=IwAR0ox7vi97zyWTQ1Ls8h5WwUfQqwSBqQlDFo8NXxPA
sHV-Fx4HMqqAEp48
Patience, F. (2016, August ). Health.jk. Healthy Religion. Retrieved March 5, 2019, from
http://Whatnall, F. (2013, July ). Healthy Eating | SF Gate. Do Teenagers Need
More Carbs? | Healthy Eating | SF Gate. Retrieved March 5, 2019, from
healthyeating.sfgate.com/teenagers-need-carbs7230.html?fbclid=IwAR0ox7vi97-
zyWTQ1Ls8h5WwUfQqwSBqQlDFo8NXxPAsHV-Fx4HMqqAEp48
Sara, S. (2014, April ). Internet Scientific Publications. Internet Scientific Publications.

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Wars, G. (2015, April ). Helt.com. Helthy King China. Retrieved March 4, 2019, from
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vzFntnGefzLA2_f4jJkUQN4XuGnbM
Taylor, B. (2014, May ). Home | Daily Mail Online. Parents' fury at town hall plans for
halal-only menus in schools | Daily Mail Online. Retrieved March 9, 2019, from
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1300589/Parents-fury-town-hall-plans-
halal-menus-schools.htmlor
De Castro, D. (2013, September ). WHO | World Health Organization. About WHO.

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Saveen, G. (2010, July ). Kenya.org. Health of college students in kenya. Retrieved

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Garcia, D. (2014). Managing and Controlling Health . Managing and Controlling Health ,
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61
APPENDICES
62
Appendix A
St. Paul College of Ilocos Sur

(Member, St. Paul University System)
St. Paul Avenue, 27272 Bantay, Ilocos Sur
Basic Education – Senior High School
FAAP and PAASCU Re-Accredited Level III
December 12, 2018

Sr. Myrna Castante, SPC
Basic Education Principal
Dear Sister:
Greetings of Peace.
We are presently conducting a research study entitled Dietary Practices of Junior High
School Students: Factor Affecting Academic Performance as a requirement of the
subjects; Research Project – RES 103.
In line with this, may we ask permission from your good office to float our questionnaire-
checklist to gather the necessary data needed. We will make use of the time of our subject
in the said dates and our subject schedule is as follows:
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

2:00 PM – 4:15 PM 3:15 PM – 4:15 PM 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM
We hope for your favorable response on this matter.
Thank you very much!
Respectfully yours,
(Sgd.)Iliana A. Aniceto (Sgd.)Denyse Jerico R. Quidolit (Sgd.) Ma. Angelica A. Ruiz

Researcher Researcher Researcher
Noted by:
Mrs. Aiman Juliana R. Villegas (Sgd.) (Sgd.) Mrs. Luz F. Astom
RES 102 Teacher SHS Academic Coordinator
Approved by:
Sr. Myrna Castante, SPC(Sgd.)

63
Appendix B

October 15, 2018

Dear Sister:
Greetings of Peace.
subjects; Practical Research 102 and Language and Proficiency 105.
In view to this, the study needs the number of junior high school students who are obese,
overweight, and underweight last school year. It also needs the list of enrollees this
school year in determining the respondents of this research.
In this regard, we would like to ask permission to borrow the necessary data from the
clinic, S.Y. 2017-2018 and the list of enrollees of the current school year. Rest assured
that these documents will be treated with utmost confidentiality. We will return these
documents on Wednesday, October 17, 2018.
We hope for your favorable response for this matter.
Thank you very much.
Respectfully yours,
Iliana A. Aniceto(Sgd.) Denyse Jerico R. Quidolit(Sgd.) Ma. Angelica A. Ruiz (Sgd.)

Noted by:
Mrs. Aiman Juliana R. Villegas(Sgd.) Ms. Mariane Joyce C. Adviento (Sgd.)
RES 102 Teacher LAN 105 Teacher
Mrs. Luz F. Astom (Sgd.)
SHS Academic Coordinator
Approved by:
64
Appendix C

February 6, 2019
Dear Sister:
Greetings of Peace.
In line with this, may we ask permission from your good office to float our questionnaire-
checklist to gather the necessary data needed. Our data collection will start on February
07, 2019 until February 14, 2019; During Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays only.
We will make use of the time of our subject in the said dates and our subject schedule is
as follows:
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

2:00 PM – 4:15 PM 3:15 PM – 4:15 PM 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM

Respectfully yours,
Iliana A. Aniceto (Sgd.) Denyse Jerico R. Quidolit(Sgd.) Ma. Angelica A. Ruiz (Sgd.)
Noted by:
Mrs. Aiman Juliana R. Villegas(Sgd.) Mrs. Luz F. Astom (Sgd.)

Approved by:

65
Appendix D


December 04, 2018
Dear Sister:
Greetings of Peace.
In line with this, may we ask permission to go to University of the Northern Philippines
to visit their library (both Graduate School and the Main Library) and to utilize their
available reference materials for our study. The said visit will be as follows:
 December 11, 2018 - 1:00 pm – 4:15 pm

 December 12, 2018 - 3:15 pm – 4:15 pm
Respectfully yours,
Iliana A. Aniceto(Sgd.) Denyse Jerico R. Quidolit (Sgd.) Ma. Angelica A. (Sgd.) Ruiz
Noted by:
Mrs. Aiman Juliana R. Villegas(Sgd.) Mrs. Luz F. Astom (Sgd.)
Approved by:

66
Appendix E

December 07, 2018

MRS. MARIEGLO CAPELA PRESTO
Head, Library & Information Services
University of Northern Philippines
Dear Madame:
Greetings of love and peace!
We, the students of Grade 12- St. Alphonsus Liguori, are presently conducting a research
study entitled Dietary Practices of Junior High School Students: Factor Affecting
Academic Performance as a requirement of the subjects; Research Project - RES 103.
In line with this, may we ask permission to visit your library (both Graduate School and
the Main Library) and to utilize your available reference materials for our study. The said
visit will be as follows:
 December 11, 2018 - 1:00 pm – 4:15 pm

 December 12, 2018 - 3:15 pm – 4:15 pm

Yours truly,
Iliana A. Aniceto(Sgd.) Denyse Jerico R. Quidolit(Sgd.) Ma. Angelica A. Ruiz(Sgd.)

Noted by:
Mrs. Aiman Juliana R. Villegas (Sgd.) (Sgd.)Mrs. Luz F. Astom

Sr. Myrna Cstante, SPC(Sgd.)

Approved by:
Mrs. Marieglo Capela Presto(Sgd.)

Head, Library & Information Services
67
Appendix F

Dear Respondents:
Greetings of Peace!
School Students: Factor Affecting Academic Performance as one of the requirements of
the subject; Research Project - RES 103.
In this connection, we would like to request your earnest cooperation to accomplish the
questionnaire-checklist to enable us to gather data needed in our study.
Your sincere and honest response will be treated with outmost confidentiality.
Thank you very much.
Respectfully yours,
Iliana A. Aniceto(Sgd.) Denyse Jerico R. Quidolit (Sgd.) Ma. Angelica A. Ruiz(Sgd.)

Noted by:
Mrs. Aiman Juliana R. Villegas (Sgd. Mrs. Luz F. Astom (Sgd.)

Approved by:

68
Appendix G

I. Personal Profile
Direction: Please fill out the necessary information asked below. Your sincere
participation is needed and rest assured that your answers will be kept with outmost
confidentiality.
Name : ___________________________ Religion: ________________

Grade Level:_______________________ Sex: M F
Age: _______ Nationality: ______________
What were the average of your grades during the 1st and 2nd quarter of this school year for the
following subjects:
(Please put a tick mark () in the column which corresponds to your answer. To be filled up
by your adviser.)
Grade Average English Filipino Mathematics Science
90 and above
82-89
75-81
74 and below
II. Dietary Habits

Direction: This portion consists of statements about Dietary Habits. After each
statement, you will find 5 columns. Place a tick mark () in the column you feel most
nearby describe the truth of the statement in your own case. There is no right nor
wrong answers to these statements. The following is the norm of discretion:
5-Always 4- Very Often 3- Often 2- Seldom 1- Never
I.Student Preference on Dietary Practices 5 4 3 2 1

21. I do not over eat knowing that I am full.
22. I do not skip meals.
23. I watch the food I eat.
24. I do not eat junk foods like chips, candies, and chocolates.
25. I do not eat or drink at night times because of sleeplessness.
26. I eat protein rich food like meat, fish, eggs, and nuts?
27. I am mindful of your sensation of hunger.
28. I eat green leafy vegetables.
29. I eat Vitamin C rich foods like oranges, guava, and etc.
30. I eat healthy iodine rich foods like fish, seashells, seaweeds, and etc.
31. I eat fresh poultry.
32. I avoid eating sweets and MSG containing foods.
69
33. I do not eat late in the evening or at night.

34. I eat during meal times and not delay them.
35. I am aware of the food I eat.
36. I regulate the dairy products I eat.
37. I refrain from drinking carbonated drinks.
38. I do not drink alcoholic beverages.
39. I lessen my intake on fried foods.
40. I control my diet on rice.
II.Student’s Food Preference in School 5 4 3 2 1
19. I do not avail of the street foods outside the school after dismissals.
20. I do not overfeed myself when I get stressed on school works.
21. I eat healthy snacks.
22. I eat native delicacies served in the canteen rather than junk foods.
23. I observe eating vegetable during lunch breaks.
24. I do not put condiments like soy sauce and ketchup on my food
25. I consume more water rather than soft drinks.
26. I do not skip my lunches in the thought of saving money.
27. I eat first before reviewing/studying to avoid skipping it.
28. I eat junk foods during lunch.
29. I eat brain foods like dark chocolates and peanut while studying or
working in regulation.
30. I buy whenever fruits are served in the canteen.
31. I do not set aside vegetables mixed with a certain menu.
32. I bring my own healthy foods for lunch.
33. I eat fast food meals during lunch or break times.
34. I do not eat chichirya while reviewing and/or inside the classroom.
35. I do not over consume sweets such as candies and sour belts.
36. I prefer juice rather than carbonated drinks
III.Family Orientation on Dietary Practices 5 4 3 2 1
21. I can buy the necessary food which is important to my health because
our family income is sufficient enough to support our needs.
22. My family does not skip meals.
23. I eat more when I’m with my family.
24. I do not eat ready-made fast-food with my family.
25. Our family avoids buying canned goods.
26. Our family does not consume waxed foods.
27. Our family refrains from eating instant noodles.
28. Our family refrains from eating in fast food chains.
29. Our family does not keep junk foods in our house.
30. Our family does not keep unnecessary sweet products at home.
31. Our family eats vegetables.
32. Our family eats fresh seafood.
33. Our family eats fresh meat.
34. Our family eats home-cooked foods.
35. Our family eats microwaved foods.
36. Our family does not use MSG in our homemade foods.
70
37. Our family is aware of its oil consumption.

38. My parents are aware if I’m hungry.
39. My parents make sure that I eat in a regular basis.
40. Our family eats fruits.
71
CURRICULUM VITAE
72
Personal Data
Name : Iliana A. Aniceto
Date of Birth : June 19, 2001
Place of Birth : Baguio City
Home Address : Liberarion blvd., Vigan City, Ilocos sur
Educational Background
Junior High School : St. Paul College of Ilocos Sur (2012-2013)
Elementary : St. Paul College of Ilocos Sur (2016-2017)
Work Experience
Work Immersion : Rural Health Unit, Bantay (2018-2019)

73
Personal Data
Name : Denyse Jerico R. Quidolit
Date of Birth : June 19, 2000
Place of Birth : Vigan City
Home Address : Bayubay Norte, San Vicente, Ilocos Sur
Work Experience

74
Personal Data
Name : Ma. Angelica P. Ruiz
Date of Birth : March 29, 2001
Place of Birth : Manila City
Home Address : Prudencio St. Nagsangalan, Vigan City
Work Experience

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1

among the students.

characteristics, environmental influences and food preference. Food accessibility refers

of an individual due to individualism of sex, age, nationality and religion. Food

preference is the acceptance and appetite of an individual to certain foods.

an ample percent of students who are obese, overweight and underweight.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

c. Grade level, c. English, and

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Statement of the Problem

their academic performance.

Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;

2. What is the dietary practice of the respondents in terms of;

c. Family Orientation, and

3. What is the Academic Profile of the respondents in the subjects;

4. Is there a significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of the

students to their dietary practices?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the dietary practices of the students

to their academic performance?

6. Is there a significant difference on the dietary practices among grade levels in

c. Family orientation, and

The researchers posit the following hypotheses:

1. There is no significant relationship between the socio-demographic profiles of

the students to their dietary practices in terms of;

2. There is no significant relationship between dietary practices of students to

their academic performance.

3. There is no significant difference on the dietary practices among grade levels

c. Family orientation, and

This study considers the following assumptions:

1. The information given by the students in their socio-demographic profile and

grades are true and valid.

2. The respondents are expected to answer the research questions honestly.

Significance of the Study

good school performance.

on why some students have a bad dietary practice.

undertake to solve problems on dietary practices.

unhealthy and hazardous to health.

Scope and Delimitation

students of SPCIS of the school year 2018-2019.

Operational Definition of Terms

Personal. This refers to the eating habits of the respondents as affected by

their personal taste. This is also known as the personal preference.

Student. This refers to the eating habits of the respondents as affected by

known as preference in school.

General Health. This refers to the average of the three aforementioned

Religion. This refers to the system of faith the students’ believes.

Academic Performance. This refers to the general average of the students in

female basing on their natal reproductive organs.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

theses which served as bases in formulating this chapter.

In connection to the aforementioned study in 2016, Valladares, Durán, Matheus,

Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire which includes the three dimensions of eating

behavior namely; cognitive restriction, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating. Academic

eating habits and academic performance when it comes to men.

sustenance on school-age children to determine the relationship of health and academic

excessively low nourishment and an unfortunate eating routine reductions scholastic

keeping up a nutritious way of life, regardless of whether at home or at school, there is an

obligation of nutrition; locally, provincially or administratively, to bear the cost of every

kid an equivalent opportunity to succeed scholastically.

While in 2011, Perez, de Castro, da Silva Franco, Bandoni, and Wolkoff,

of a Brazilian public university. The students were given self-administered questionnaires